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Science, Cultures and the Future of Humanity Could Knowledge, Spirituality and Action Re-Shape the World? Science, cultures et avenir de l’humanité. La connaissance, la spiritualité et l’action peuvent-elles changer le monde ? ABOUT THE AL JAZEERA CENTRE FOR STUDIES The Al Jazeera Centre for Studies was created in 2006 as an autonomous cultural and scientific institution within the Al Jazeera Satellite Network with the purpose of promoting research activities as well as enhancing and sharing knowledge mainly through the means of Information and Communication technologies (ICTs). This new research-action instrument deploys its activities thanks to a unique network of competencies that focuses on intercultural and interdisciplinary approaches for a better understanding of the complexity of our world. Based in Doha, Qatar, this non-profit centre is well placed, in the heart of the Arab Gulf, to study and observe a constantly evolving area with tremendous implications on the world economy and international politics.With its network of researchers located in different regions of the globe, the Centre intends to cover research issues at both regional and international levels and will establish partnerships with research centres, NGOs and other international institutions that share the same vision of intercultural and interdisciplinary collaboration. Being part of the Al Jazeera Network, the Centre has also access to a large spectrum of information and communication tools that may contribute to increase the possibility of better circulation and sharing of ideas. Part of the mandate of the Centre is to initiate a reflection on how to contribute to freeing people from fear and misinformation by focusing on “intelligent speech” and creative thinking, by building the links that unite people rather than on the amplification and polarization of their differences. Content Introduction Meeting Objectives Detailed Programme Participants Profile Glossary Abstracts INTRODUCTION While Science and Technology have brought and continue to bring progress to a large portion of humanity, the accelerated development of modern societies has rendered our planet less habitable and more nonsensical, resulting in a grave loss of meaning for future generations. War, pollution, global warming, poverty, pandemics, unmanageable urbanization and over-consumption – the list of dangers threatening our planet is long. If we want to avoid the complete collapse of human civilizations, more than just changing our lifestyle, it is our way of thinking which must change. An ethics of sober living, which our more and more sophisticated societies need to adopt, will not come about unless priority is given to the interior realm, to the advent of a world where quality prevails over quantity in the sphere of economics as well as that of human relations. Along these lines, a new and promising dialogue has been engaged between cultures. A dialogue where humanism, spirituality and science have opened the way to a possible cross-fertilization, a sharing of knowledge as well as a search for meaning. All this within the framework of a rigorous commitment to truth. This coming-together of mind emanating from different disciplines and horizons reveals a planetary awareness of the need to work at a very fundamental level, that of humanity’s way of thinking, believing, and knowing in the 21st century. MEETING OBJECTIVES I. To present a lay version of many philosophical implications of modern science to the public at large. II. To show how a multidisciplinary approach to humanity and its understanding of the world, bringing together the physical and social sciences, can create the basis of a new form of interaction between cultures. III. To explore ways and identify principles around which an intelligent and reasoned exchange can take place among science, religion, and cultures. IV. To construct a process for delineating the role of science in the search for meaning in a more and more complex and globalized world, a world full of promise but one which also carries dangers and threats for future generations. PROGRAM FRIDAY MAY 30TH 19 :00 - 20 :30 - OPENING SESSION OPENING SPEECHES: - Wadah Khanfar, Managing Director of Aljazeera - Jean Staune, Secretary General of the Interdisciplinary University of Paris - Mustapha Elmourabit, Director of the Al Jazeera Centre for Studies - Abdelhaq Bruno Guiderdoni, Director of the « Science and Religion in Islam » Research Group OPENING PRESENTATIONS: - Science as an engine of progress, Roald Hoffmann, Chemistry Nobel Prize winner - Links between the scientist’s and the believer’s approach, Charles Townes, Physics Nobel Prize winner - What kind of interaction is possible between science and religion? Nidhal Guessoum, Astrophysicist and Professor at the American University of Sharjah - What are the bases for a dialogue between cultures? Keith Ward, Theologian, Hono- rary Professor at the University of Oxford - Science and Society. The Golden Age of Complexity. Reda Benkirane, Sociologist, Researcher at the Aljazeera Center for Studies SATURDAY, MAY 31ST MORNING SESSION 9 : 00 – 10 :15 - I. SCIENCE: ITS POWER, ITS PLACE, AND ITS LIMITS The objectives of this session will be to explore the nature of science, looking over its multimillenium and multidisciplinary past, identifying its activities, its productions, and the extent to which it has undergone important conceptual changes in modern times. From the outset, it is important to establish what makes science such an important factor in the life of contemporary society, what allows it to make new discoveries and establish new laws, to what extent we can be certain of its results, and therefore to what extent science can and should influence our way of thinking. It is also important to distinguish between science and scientism. The following questions may be addressed: 1. What is a scientific theory? 2. Do scientific results represent facts (certain and definitive) or rather are they constant- ly and indefinitely evolving (subject to more or less significant revision)? 3. Is science objective or is there an element of subjectivity (personal inclination) in the theories that are elaborated and the results that are produced? What should be our attitude upon hearing that a (small) group of scientists has rejected a certain theory? 4. Why has man made science? What distinguishes scientific knowledge from other kinds of human knowledge? How has this relationship evolved? How, for example, did Arabic science interact with philosophy and Islamic theology? How did Western science, born in the wake of Galileo and Newton, distinguish itself from other worldly (and sacred) knowledge? Has science undergone a deep change in modern times? What will science be in the future? Main speakers: - Roald Hoffmann - 15 min - Ziauddin Sardar - 15 min Supporting speakers: - Philip Clayton - 10 min - Mehdi Golshani - 10 min Facilitators: - Nidhal Guessoum - Jacques Vauthier 10: 15 – 10: 30 - BREAK 10: 30 – 12: 15 - II. WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL NATURE OF OUR WORLD? A VOYAGE INTO THE INFINITELY SMALL What is being proposed here is a plunge into the sub-atomic world to discover what we know about the foundations of matter. These foundations have been revealed by nearly a century of experimentation, research, and revolutionary discoveries at a level of reality that is situated on scales of time and space very far from those of man. In a proliferation of particles, matter behaves in a strange way to the eye of the observer, at least one trained in classical science. The goal of this session is to increase the public’s understanding of the way in which discoveries in quantum mechanics have revolutionized our vision of the world. The following questions may act as a guide for the presentations and debates: What is there below the atom, which is/was defined as the smallest amount of matter? What are the major principles that we can retain from quantum physics? Based on the extremely strange behavior and the immaterial nature of matter, what can be said about the subtle dimensions of reality? Is there an interest for philosophers to get in- volved in scientific debate concerning the probabilistic nature of quantum physics? In what way does this basic research contribute to a renewal of our vision – including the spiritual dimension – of the world? What dazzling and/or threatening future do nano- technologies and their widespread use represent for the world? Main speakers: - Antoine Suarez - 15 min - Henry Stapp - 15 min Supporting speakers: - Charles Townes - 10 min - Andrew Briggs - 10 min - Ines Safi - 10 min - Mehdi Golshani - 10 min Facilitators: - Eshan Masood - Jean Staune 12: 15 – 14: 30 - LUNCH AFTERNOON 14: 30 -16: 10 - III. THE NATURE OF LIFE AND THE NATURE OF MAN If scientific discoveries concerning material science have held the lead throughout the last century, the life sciences have taken off in the 21st century, presaging a series of revolutionary changes. The speakers will first review the essential characteristics of life, and then address the question of how it appeared, evolved and continues to do so. Biology raises a series of increasingly difficult questions for modern society, relating to ethical, spiritual, and legal dimensions of existence, not to mention the anthropological mutations which the manipulation of living organisms will inevitably lead to. Cloning, genetically modified organisms, stem cell research... Can the search for mea- ning lead us to guiding ethical and legal principles like those found