Polar Measurements Data (ESSD)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Polar Measurements Data (ESSD) CMYK RGB History of Geo- and Space Open Access Open Sciences Advances in Science & Research Open Access Proceedings Drinking Water Drinking Water Engineering and Science Engineering and Science Open Access Access Open Discussions Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussions Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 5, 585–705, Earth 2012 System Earth System www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/5/585/2012/ Science Science doi:10.5194/essdd-5-585-2012 ESSDD © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 5, 585–705, 2012 Open Access Open Open Access Open Data Data This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Earth System Science Discussions Polar measurements Data (ESSD). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ESSD if available. Social Social R. Sander and Open Access Open Geography Open Access Open Geography J. Bottenheim A compilation of tropospheric Title Page measurements of gas-phase and Abstract Instruments aerosol chemistry in polar regions Data Provenance & Structure Tables Figures R. Sander1 and J. Bottenheim2 1 Air Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry, J I P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany 2Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto M3H 5T4, Canada J I Received: 16 July 2012 – Accepted: 18 July 2012 – Published: 3 August 2012 Back Close Correspondence to: R. Sander ([email protected]) Full Screen / Esc Published by Copernicus Publications. Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 585 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract ESSDD Measurements of atmospheric chemistry in polar regions have been made for more than half a century. Probably the first Antarctic ozone data were recorded in 1958 dur- 5, 585–705, 2012 ing the International Geophysical Year. Since then, many measurement campaigns 5 followed, and the results are now spread over many publications in several journals. Polar measurements Here, we have compiled measurements of tropospheric gas-phase and aerosol chem- istry made in the Arctic and the Antarctic. It is hoped that this data collection is worth R. Sander and more than the sum of its components and serves as a basis for future analyses of J. Bottenheim spatial and temporal trends in polar atmospheric chemistry. Title Page 10 1 Introduction Abstract Instruments Atmospheric chemists have been investigating several phenomena in the troposphere Data Provenance & Structure of polar regions. Early studies focused on ozone (Roscoe and Roscoe, 2006). Later, Arctic haze was a major research topic for several decades (Raatz, 1984; Quinn et al., Tables Figures 2007). More recently, bromine-induced ozone depletion events (Barrie et al., 1988; 15 Simpson et al., 2007b) and mercury depletion events (Schroeder et al., 1998; Stef- J I fen et al., 2008) were discovered. Many measurements of tropospheric gas-phase and aerosol chemistry in polar regions have been made and subsequently published in J I miscellaneous journals. In this work, we attempt to provide an overview of these mea- Back Close surements. The tables do not claim completeness but it is hoped they they can serve 20 as a starting point when searching for data of a particular compound. This work is an Full Screen / Esc update of the data compilation that was published as a supplement to Simpson et al. (2007b) which only contained measurements until 2007. Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 586 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | 2 Literature data ESSDD The collection includes chemical measurements in the troposphere of the polar re- gions. Abbreviations and acronyms used in the tables are defined in Table 1. The mea- 5, 585–705, 2012 surement sites in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are listed in Tables 2 and 5 3, respectively. They are also shown in the map of Fig. 1. To facilitate the discrimina- Polar measurements tion between the hemispheres, abbreviations for Arctic measurement sites are printed in black upper-case letters (e.g., “BA” for Barrow), while those for Antarctic sites are R. Sander and shown in red lower-case letters (e.g., “ha” for Halley). J. Bottenheim Gas-phase data are shown in Table 4. The entries are sorted by elements in the 10 following order: Title Page – oxygen and hydrogen (e.g., ozone, OH) Abstract Instruments – nitrogen (e.g., NO2) Data Provenance & Structure – carbon: C, H (alkanes) Tables Figures – carbon: C, H (unsaturated) 15 – carbon: C, H, O (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, acids) J I – carbon: C, H, O, N (e.g., PAN) J I – fluorine (CFCs) Back Close – chlorine (inorganic and organic) Full Screen / Esc – bromine (inorganic and organic) Printer-friendly Version 20 – iodine (inorganic and organic) Interactive Discussion – sulfur (inorganic and organic) – mercury 587 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Aerosol data are shown in Table 5. The entries are sorted by elements in the following order: ESSDD − – nitrogen (e.g., NO3 ) 5, 585–705, 2012 – fluorine 5 – chlorine Polar measurements – bromine R. Sander and J. Bottenheim – iodine 2− – sulfur (SO4 , MSA) Title Page – carbon (black carbon, organic acids) Abstract Instruments 10 – metals (alphabetically sorted by element symbol) If the publication presents the mean, median or range of the measurements, these Data Provenance & Structure values are shown in the tables. Otherwise, the reader needs to refer to the original Tables Figures paper for more information. The units reported here are mostly the same as in the original publication. However, in a few cases concentrations in [ng m−3] were converted −1 J I 15 to mixing ratios assuming a molar volume of 20 lmol for the cold air. To keep the size of the collection within reasonable limits, the following data are J I excluded: Back Close – Meteorological data (e.g., temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed) are ex- cluded. Only chemical measurements are listed. Full Screen / Esc 20 – The compilation is restricted to atmospheric data, snow-chemistry is not included. Printer-friendly Version – Only tropospheric chemistry is included. Publications about stratospheric data, which are mostly related to ozone depletion and climate change, are excluded. Interactive Discussion – CO2 is not included because gathering all data for this species would be beyond the scope of this work. 588 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | 3 Data on the internet ESSDD In addition to the data presented in the literature, there are several web sites providing large data sets. The information presented here is mostly taken from their web pages: 5, 585–705, 2012 – http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg Polar measurements 5 The World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) is established under the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme to collect, archive and provide R. Sander and data for greenhouse (CO2, CH4, CFCs, N2O, etc.) and related (CO, NOx, SO2, J. Bottenheim VOC, etc.) gases and surface ozone in the atmosphere and ocean, measured un- der GAW and other programmes. From the web site, information including mea- 10 surement data can be obtained that have been contributed by organizations and Title Page individual researchers in the world. Abstract Instruments – http://www.gaw-wdca.org The World Data Centre for Aerosols (WDCA) is the data repository and archive Data Provenance & Structure for microphysical, optical, and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosol of the Tables Figures 15 World Meteorological Organisation’s (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme. J I – http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/iadv/ J I The Interactive Atmospheric Data Visualization web page provides data for CH4, CO, CO2,H2,N2O, SF6, and other gases. The global coverage includes several Back Close 20 Arctic and Antarctic stations. Full Screen / Esc – http://www.amap.no/Assessment/ScientificBackground.htm The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) offers several scien- Printer-friendly Version tific reports. Interactive Discussion – http://www-lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/CESOA/article.php3?id article=56 25 Data sets for Concordia and Dumont d’Urville (in French, registration required). 589 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | – http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/data The Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Atmospheric Chemistry ESSDD Data Server provides data sets for several cruises. Some of them include data 5, 585–705, 2012 from polar regions, e.g., RITS93, RITS94, ICEALOT. 5 – http://www.nilu.no/projects/ccc/emepdata.html Polar measurements The EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) webpage contains some Arctic data sets, e.g. ozone, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants R. Sander and (POPs) for Iceland and Spitzbergen. J. Bottenheim Acknowledgements. For helpful discussions and for pointing out miscellaneous data sets we 10 would like to thank Jon Abbatt, Cort Anastasio, Parisa Ariya, Harry Beine, Torunn Berg, Lucy Title Page Carpenter, Gao Chen, Kevin Clemitshaw, Jack Dibb, Florent Domine, Ralf Ebinghaus, Markus Frey, Udo Friess, Dwayne Heard, Detlev Helmig, Manuel Hutterli, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Jean Abstract Instruments Luc Jaffrezo, Anna Jones, Lars Kaleschke, Karin Kreher, Michel Legrand, Samuel Morin, Lau- rier Poissant, Andreas Richter, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Joel Savarino, Anja Schonhardt,¨ Paul Shep- Data Provenance & Structure 15 son, Holger Sihler, Henrik Skov, Franz Slemr, Sverre Solberg, Alexandra Steffen, Bill Sturges, Roland von
Recommended publications
  • Layering of Surface Snow and Firn at Kohnen Station, Antarctica – Noise Or Seasonal Signal?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Confidential manuscript submitted to replace this text with name of AGU journalprovided by Electronic Publication Information Center Layering of surface snow and firn at Kohnen Station, Antarctica – noise or seasonal signal? Thomas Laepple1, Maria Hörhold2,3, Thomas Münch1,5, Johannes Freitag4, Anna Wegner4, Sepp Kipfstuhl4 1Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen 3now at Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany 4Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany 5Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Corresponding author: Thomas Laepple ([email protected]) Extensive dataset of vertical and horizontal firn density variations at EDML, Antarctica Even in low accumulation regions, the density in the upper firn exhibits a seasonal cycle Strong stratigraphic noise masks the seasonal cycle when analyzing single firn cores Abstract The density of firn is an important property for monitoring and modeling the ice sheet as well as to model the pore close-off and thus to interpret ice core-based greenhouse gas records. One feature, which is still in debate, is the potential existence of an annual cycle of firn density in low-accumulation regions. Several studies describe or assume seasonally successive density layers, horizontally evenly distributed, as seen in radar data.
    [Show full text]
  • Ice Core Science
    PAGES International Project Offi ce Sulgeneckstrasse 38 3007 Bern Switzerland Tel: +41 31 312 31 33 Fax: +41 31 312 31 68 [email protected] Text Editing: Leah Christen News Layout: Christoph Kull Hubertus Fischer, Christoph Kull and Circulation: 4000 Thorsten Kiefer, Editors VOL.14, N°1 – APRIL 2006 Ice Core Science Ice cores provide unique high-resolution records of past climate and atmospheric composition. Naturally, the study area of ice core science is biased towards the polar regions but ice cores can also be retrieved from high .pages-igbp.org altitude glaciers. On the satellite picture are those ice cores covered in this issue of PAGES News (Modifi ed image of “The Blue Marble” (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov) provided by kk+w - digital cartography, Kiel, Germany; Photos by PNRA/EPICA, H. Oerter, V. Lipenkov, J. Freitag, Y. Fujii, P. Ginot) www Contents 2 Announcements - Editorial: The future of ice core research - Dating of ice cores - Inside PAGES - Coastal ice cores - Antarctica - New on the bookshelf - WAIS Divide ice core - Antarctica - Tales from the fi eld - ITASE project - Antarctica - In memory of Nick Shackleton - New Dome Fuji ice core - Antarctica - Vostok ice drilling project - Antarctica 6 Program News - EPICA ice cores - Antarctica - The IPICS Initiative - 425-year precipitation history from Italy - New sea-fl oor drilling equipment - Sea-level changes: Black and Caspian Seas - Relaunch of the PAGES Databoard - Quaternary climate change in Arabia 12 National Page 40 Workshop Reports - Chile - 2nd Southern Deserts Conference - Chile - Climate change and tree rings - Russia 13 Science Highlights - Global climate during MIS 11 - Greece - NGT and PARCA ice cores - Greenland - NorthGRIP ice core - Greenland 44 Last Page - Reconstructions from Alpine ice cores - Calendar - Tropical ice cores from the Andes - PAGES Guest Scientist Program ISSN 1563–0803 The PAGES International Project Offi ce and its publications are supported by the Swiss and US National Science Foundations and NOAA.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Treaty
    ANTARCTIC TREATY REPORT OF THE NORWEGIAN ANTARCTIC INSPECTION UNDER ARTICLE VII OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY FEBRUARY 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty .................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Past inspections under the Antarctic Treaty ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 The 2009 Norwegian Inspection...................................................................................................................... 3 2. Summary of findings ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Operations....................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Scientific research ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Structure of the Ice Sheet Between Kohnen Station and Dome Fuji, Antarctica, Revealed by Airborne Radio-Echo Sounding
    Annals of Glaciology 54(64) 2013 doi:10.3189/2013AoG64A113 163 Internal structure of the ice sheet between Kohnen station and Dome Fuji, Antarctica, revealed by airborne radio-echo sounding Daniel STEINHAGE, Sepp KIPFSTUHL, Uwe NIXDORF, Heinz MILLER Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fu¨r Polar und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. This study aims to demonstrate that deep ice cores can be synchronized using internal horizons in the ice between the drill sites revealed by airborne radio-echo sounding (RES) over a distance of >1000 km, despite significant variations in glaciological parameters, such as accumulation rate between the sites. In 2002/03 a profile between the Kohnen station and Dome Fuji deep ice-core drill sites, Antarctica, was completed using airborne RES. The survey reveals several continuous internal horizons in the RES section over a length of 1217 km. The layers allow direct comparison of the deep ice cores drilled at the two stations. In particular, the counterpart of a visible layer observed in the Kohnen station (EDML) ice core at 1054 m depth has been identified in the Dome Fuji ice core at 575 m depth using internal RES horizons. Thus the two ice cores can be synchronized, i.e. the ice at 1560 m depth (at the bottom of the 2003 EDML drilling) is 49 ka old according to the Dome Fuji age/depth scale, using the traced internal layers presented in this study. INTRODUCTION At sites where the accumulation is high enough, the upper During recent decades several deep ice cores in Antarctica parts of ice cores can be dated by counting annual layers, and Greenland have been drilled in order to study palaeo- revealed by measurements of the electrical or chemical climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Different Methods to Retrieve Optical-Equivalent Snow Grain Size in Central Antarctica
    Comparison of different methods to retrieve optical-equivalent snow grain size in central Antarctica Tim Carlsen, Gerit Birnbaum, André Ehrlich, Johannes Freitag, Georg Heygster, Larysa Istomina, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Anaïs Orsi, Michael Schäfer, Manfred Wendisch To cite this version: Tim Carlsen, Gerit Birnbaum, André Ehrlich, Johannes Freitag, Georg Heygster, et al.. Comparison of different methods to retrieve optical-equivalent snow grain size in central Antarctica. The Cryosphere, Copernicus 2017, 11 (6), pp.2727-2741. 10.5194/tc-11-2727-2017. hal-03225815 HAL Id: hal-03225815 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03225815 Submitted on 16 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Cryosphere, 11, 2727–2741, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2727-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Comparison of different methods to retrieve optical-equivalent snow grain size in central Antarctica Tim Carlsen1, Gerit Birnbaum2, André Ehrlich1, Johannes Freitag2, Georg Heygster3, Larysa
    [Show full text]
  • Waba Directory 2003
    DIAMOND DX CLUB www.ddxc.net WABA DIRECTORY 2003 1 January 2003 DIAMOND DX CLUB WABA DIRECTORY 2003 ARGENTINA LU-01 Alférez de Navió José María Sobral Base (Army)1 Filchner Ice Shelf 81°04 S 40°31 W AN-016 LU-02 Almirante Brown Station (IAA)2 Coughtrey Peninsula, Paradise Harbour, 64°53 S 62°53 W AN-016 Danco Coast, Graham Land (West), Antarctic Peninsula LU-19 Byers Camp (IAA) Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South 62°39 S 61°00 W AN-010 Shetland Islands LU-04 Decepción Detachment (Navy)3 Primero de Mayo Bay, Port Foster, 62°59 S 60°43 W AN-010 Deception Island, South Shetland Islands LU-07 Ellsworth Station4 Filchner Ice Shelf 77°38 S 41°08 W AN-016 LU-06 Esperanza Base (Army)5 Seal Point, Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula 63°24 S 56°59 W AN-016 (Antarctic Peninsula) LU- Francisco de Gurruchaga Refuge (Navy)6 Harmony Cove, Nelson Island, South 62°18 S 59°13 W AN-010 Shetland Islands LU-10 General Manuel Belgrano Base (Army)7 Filchner Ice Shelf 77°46 S 38°11 W AN-016 LU-08 General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army)8 Bertrab Nunatak, Vahsel Bay, Luitpold 77°52 S 34°37 W AN-016 Coast, Coats Land LU-09 General Manuel Belgrano III Base (Army)9 Berkner Island, Filchner-Ronne Ice 77°34 S 45°59 W AN-014 Shelves LU-11 General San Martín Base (Army)10 Barry Island in Marguerite Bay, along 68°07 S 67°06 W AN-016 Fallières Coast of Graham Land (West), Antarctic Peninsula LU-21 Groussac Refuge (Navy)11 Petermann Island, off Graham Coast of 65°11 S 64°10 W AN-006 Graham Land (West); Antarctic Peninsula LU-05 Melchior Detachment (Navy)12 Isla Observatorio
    [Show full text]
  • K4MZU Record WAP WACA Antarctic Program Award
    W.A.P. - W.A.C.A. Sheet (Page 1 of 10) Callsign: K4MZU Ex Call: - Country: U.S.A. Name: Robert Surname: Hines City: McDonough Address: 1978 Snapping Shoals Road Zip Code: GA-30252 Province: GA Award: 146 Send Record Sheet E-mail 23/07/2020 Check QSLs: IK1GPG & IK1QFM Date: 17/05/2012 Total Stations: 490 Tipo Award: Hunter H.R.: YES TOP H.R.: YES Date update: 23/07/2020 Date: - Date Top H.R.: - E-mail: [email protected] Ref. Call worked Date QSO Base Name o Station . ARGENTINA ARG-Ø1 LU1ZAB 15/02/1996 . Teniente Benjamin Matienzo Base (Air Force) ARG-Ø2 LU1ZE 30/01/1996 . Almirante Brown Base (Army) ARG-Ø2 LU5ZE 15/01/1982 . Almirante Brown Base (Army) ARG-Ø4 LU1ZV 17/11/1993 . Esperanza Base (Army) ARG-Ø6 LU1ZG 09/10/1990 . General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army) ARG-Ø6 LU2ZG 27/12/1981 . General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army) ARG-Ø8 LU1ZD 19/12/1993 . General San Martin Base (Army) ARG-Ø9 LU2ZD 19/01/1994 . Primavera Base (Army) (aka Capitan Cobett Base) ARG-11 LW7EYK/Z 01/02/1994 . Byers Camp (IAA) ARG-11 LW8EYK/Z 23/12/1994 . Byers Camp (IAA) ARG-12 LU1ZC 28/01/1973 . Destacamento Naval Decepción Base (Navy) ARG-12 LU2ZI 19/08/1967 . Destacamento Naval Decepción Base (Navy) ARG-13 LU1ZB 13/12/1995 . Destacamento Naval Melchior Base (Navy) ARG-15 AY1ZA 31/01/2004 . Destacamento Naval Orcadas del Sur Base (Navy) ARG-15 LU1ZA 19/02/1995 . Destacamento Naval Orcadas del Sur Base (Navy) ARG-15 LU5ZA 02/01/1983 .
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 2 Wolfs Fang Runway Iee South Pole and Atka Bay
    Wolfs Fang Runway IEE, Appendix 2 South Pole and Atka Bay Visits IEE August 2017 APPENDIX 2 WOLFS FANG RUNWAY IEE SOUTH POLE AND ATKA BAY VISITS INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AUGUST 2017 1 Wolfs Fang Runway IEE, Appendix 2 South Pole and Atka Bay Visits IEE August 2017 CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2 Activities Considered ....................................................................................................... 4 3 Background ....................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Proposed changes in operations .......................................................................... 5 4 Legislative context and screening ................................................................................... 7 5 Environmental Impact Approach and Methodology ..................................................... 9 5.1 Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement .............................................................. 9 5.2 Approach ................................................................................................................. 11 6 Description of Existing Environment and Baseline Conditions ................................. 13 6.1 Study Areas, Spatial and Temporal Scope ........................................................ 13 6.2 South Pole and FD83 ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Airborne-Based Geophysical Investigation Dronning Maud Land
    Airborne-based Geophysical Investigation In Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen von SVEN RIEDEL Alfred Wegener Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven August 28, 2008 Sven Riedel Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Columbusstrasse D-27568 Bremerhaven gegenwärtige Anschrift: Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abt. Geophysik Otto Hahn Platz 1 D-24118 Kiel Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die inhaltlich unveränderte Fassung der Dissertations- schrift, die 2008 dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen vorgelegt wurde. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. H. Miller (Universität Bremen/AWI) Prof. Dr. H. Villinger (Universität Bremen) Prüfer: Prof. Dr. C. Spiegel (Universität Bremen) Prof. Dr. R. Tiedemann (Universität Bremen/AWI) Promotionskolloquium: am 04.Februar 2009 2 This is about the times, the places, the people, that have shaped me. Kurzfassung Die Antarktis steht bei der Rekonstruktion der Großkontinente Rodinia und Gondwana jeweils im Mittelpunkt erdgeschichtlicher Untersuchungen. Geologische Großstrukturen zeugen von der Bildung und dem Zerfall dieser Superkontinente, je- doch ist deren direkte Erschließung, bedingt durch die Eisbedeckung Antarktikas, nicht möglich und begrenzt sich nur auf spärliche, geologische Aufschlüsse. Daher ermöglichen nur satelliten- und flugzeuggestützte, also indirekte Messungen, eine flächenhafte Erfassung geophysikalischer Daten
    [Show full text]
  • Neumayer III and Kohnen Station in Antarctica Operated by the Alfred Wegener In- Stitute
    Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A85 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-152 Published: 17.08.2016 Neumayer III and Kohnen Station in Antarctica operated by the Alfred Wegener In- stitute Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany * Observatory Scientists: - Air chemistry: Rolf Weller, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 1508, email: [email protected] - Meteorology: Gert König-Langlo, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeres- forschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 1806, email: [email protected] - Geophysics: Tanja Fromm, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 2009, email: [email protected] - Geophysics: Alfons Eckstaller, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeres- forschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 1209, email: [email protected] Logistics: - Uwe Nixdorf, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 1160, email: [email protected] - Eberhard Kohlberg, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 1422, email: [email protected] - Christine Wesche, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, phone: +49(0) 471 4831 1967, email: [email protected] Abstract: The Alfred Wegener Institute operates two stations in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The German overwintering station Neumayer III is located on the Ekström Ice Shelf at 70°40’S and 08°16’W and is the logistics base for three long-term observatories (meteorology, air chemistry and geophysics) and nearby research activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Microstructure of Snow and Its Link to Trace Elements and Isotopic Composition at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
    feart-08-00023 February 11, 2020 Time: 14:39 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 12 February 2020 doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00023 Microstructure of Snow and Its Link to Trace Elements and Isotopic Composition at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica Dorothea Elisabeth Moser1,2*, Maria Hörhold1, Sepp Kipfstuhl1 and Johannes Freitag1* 1 Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany, 2 Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Understanding the deposition history and signal formation in ice cores from polar ice sheets is fundamental for the interpretation of paleoclimate reconstruction based on climate proxies. Polar surface snow responds to environmental changes on a seasonal time scale by snow metamorphism, displayed in the snow microstructure Edited by: and archived in the snowpack. However, the seasonality of snow metamorphism and Maurine Montagnat, Centre National de la Recherche accumulation rate is poorly constrained for low-accumulation regions, such as the East Scientifique (CNRS), France Antarctic Plateau. Here, we apply core-scale microfocus X-ray computer tomography Reviewed by: to continuously measure snow microstructure of a 3-m deep snow core from Kohnen Jesper Sjolte, Station, Antarctica. We compare the derived microstructural properties to discretely Lund University, Sweden Neige Calonne, measured trace components and stable water isotopes, commonly used as climate UMR 3589 Centre National proxies. Temperature and snow height data from an automatic weather station are used de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), France for further constraints. Dating of the snow profile by combining non-sea-salt sulfate and *Correspondence: density crusts reveals a seasonal pattern in the geometrical anisotropy.
    [Show full text]
  • Representative Surface Snow Density on the East Antarctic Plateau
    The Cryosphere, 14, 3663–3685, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3663-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Representative surface snow density on the East Antarctic Plateau Alexander H. Weinhart1, Johannes Freitag1, Maria Hörhold1, Sepp Kipfstuhl1,2, and Olaf Eisen1,3 1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany 2Physics of Ice, Climate and Earth, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany Correspondence: Alexander H. Weinhart ([email protected]) Received: 10 January 2020 – Discussion started: 2 March 2020 Revised: 4 September 2020 – Accepted: 21 September 2020 – Published: 5 November 2020 Abstract. Surface mass balances of polar ice sheets are es- snow density parameterizations for regions with low accu- sential to estimate the contribution of ice sheets to sea level mulation and low temperatures like the EAP. rise. Uncertain snow and firn densities lead to significant uncertainties in surface mass balances, especially in the in- terior regions of the ice sheets, such as the East Antarctic Plateau (EAP). Robust field measurements of surface snow 1 Introduction density are sparse and challenging due to local noise. Here, we present a snow density dataset from an overland traverse Various future scenarios of a warming climate as well as cur- in austral summer 2016/17 on the Dronning Maud Land rent observations in ice sheet mass balance indicate a change plateau. The sampling strategy using 1 m carbon fiber tubes in surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland and Antarc- covered various spatial scales, as well as a high-resolution tic ice sheets (IPCC, 2019).
    [Show full text]