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Kapitoly Z Vývoje Sportovních Disciplín Utvářejících Dnešní Podobu Fitness

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Kapitoly Z Vývoje Sportovních Disciplín Utvářejících Dnešní Podobu Fitness UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE Fakulta tělesné výchovy a sportu Kapitoly z vývoje sportovních disciplín utvářejících dnešní podobu fitness Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Zpracoval: PhDr. František Kolář, CSc. Jan Lufinka srpen 2010 ABSTRAKT Název práce: Kapitoly z vývoje sportovních disciplín utvářejících dnešní podobu fitness. Cíle práce: Cíl mojí diplomové práce je především v co možném nejširším náhledu představit sportovní disciplíny a jejich vývoj od počátku civilizace do současnosti, které daly základ dnešnímu modernímu trendu fitness ve světě i v České republice. Dále je mým cílem shromáždit co nejvíce poznatků a materiálů o těchto disciplínách. Které chci podrobněji popsat a představit čtenářovi tak, aby pochopil, že právě zde je historický základ trendu zvaný fitness. Metoda: Při sestavování této diplomové práce jsem čerpal především z literatury, zabývající se odvětvím fitness, kulturistikou, vzpíráním, těžkou atletikou, historií, bájemi a mýty. Dále jsem čerpal z internetu, z archivních pramenů, statistik, rozhovorů a časopisů. Velmi mi také pomohly vlastní zkušenosti v oboru fitness. Výsledky: Ukazují a popisují historii fitness a podobných sportovních aktivit od počátku civilizace ve světě a v České republice. Klíčová slova: fitness, kulturistika, těžká atletika, historie, tělovýchova. ABSTRACT Work title: Chapters from the evolution of sporting disciplines forming the appearance of today's fitness. Work objectives: Purpose of my thesis is first of all to introduce in the broadest possible view sporting disciplines and their evolution, from early civilization to the present, which gave the basis for today's modern trend fitness in the world and in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, my object is to gather as much pieces of knowledge and materials about these disciplines. With which I want more detail and introduce the reader so that he realized that right here is historical base of the trend called fitness. Method: In compiling this work I have drawn mainly from the literature dealing with the branch of fitness, bodybuilding, weightlifting, heavy athletics, history, legends and myths. Furthermore I drew on the internet, from archival sources, stats, interviews and journals. Also my own experience of the field of fitness helped me very much. Results: Show and describe the history of fitness and similar sports activities since the beginning of civilization all over the world and the Czech Republic. Keywords: Fitness, bodybuilding, heavy athletics, history, physical education. Touto cestou bych chtěl poděkovat PhDr. Františku Kolářovi, CSc. za odborné vedení práce, za praktické rady a za možnost využít jeho zkušenosti v této problematice. Bez jeho spolupráce by tato práce nevznikla. Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci zpracoval samostatně a použil jsem pouze literaturu uvedenou v seznamu bibliografické citace. -------------------------- Jan Lufinka Svoluji k zapůjčení své diplomové práce ke studijním účelům. Prosím, aby byla vedena přesná evidence vypůjčovatelů, kteří musejí pramen převzaté literatury řádně citovat. Jméno a příjmení: Číslo obč. průkazu: Datum vypůjčení: Poznámka: OBSAH 1 ÚVOD............................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Definice termínu „Fitness“.................................................................... 11 2 SVĚTOVÝ VÝVOJ ..................................................................................... 14 2.1 Před prvními civilizacemi...................................................................... 14 2.2 Čína........................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Indie....................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Egypt...................................................................................................... 17 2.5 Blízký východ (Mezipotámie, Egypt, Sýrie, Persie) ............................. 18 2.6 Řecko..................................................................................................... 19 2.6.1 Athény ............................................................................................ 19 2.6.2 Sparta.............................................................................................. 20 2.6.3 Hry.................................................................................................. 20 2.6.4 Milón z Krotónu ............................................................................. 20 2.6.5 Trénink a lékařství.......................................................................... 21 2.7 Řím ........................................................................................................ 24 2.8 Středověk............................................................................................... 25 2.9 Renesance .............................................................................................. 26 2.10 Období raného novověku .................................................................... 27 2.11 Gymnastika.......................................................................................... 28 2.11.1 Německé turnérství....................................................................... 28 2.11.2 Švédský systém ............................................................................ 29 2.11.3 Dánsko.......................................................................................... 30 2.11.4 Anglie ........................................................................................... 31 2.12 Vzpírání ............................................................................................... 31 6 2.13 Osobnosti světového vývoje cvičení v „posilovnách“ ........................ 36 2.13.1 Vladimír Francevič Krajevskij ..................................................... 36 2.13.5 Attila............................................................................................. 37 2.14.6 Eugen Sandow .............................................................................. 38 2.15 Vývoj „fitness“ v Americe .................................................................. 41 2.15.1 Koloniální období v USA............................................................. 41 2.15.2 Národní období USA.................................................................... 41 2.15.3 Období 1865 – 1900 v USA. ........................................................ 41 2.15.4 Začátek 20. století v USA............................................................. 42 2.15.5 USA během první světové války.................................................. 42 2.15.6 Druhá světová válka ..................................................................... 43 2.15.7 USA v období studené války........................................................ 43 2.15.8 USA po roce 1960. ....................................................................... 44 2.15.9 Berrnar MacFadden ...................................................................... 45 2.16 Počátky kulturistiky............................................................................. 48 2.16.1 Historie IFBB, bratři Weiderovi................................................... 50 2.16.2 Organizace kulturistických soutěží............................................... 51 2.17 Moderní fitness a wellness .................................................................. 52 3 VÝVOJ NA NAŠEM ÚZEMÍ...................................................................... 55 3.1 Slované .................................................................................................. 55 3.2 Období humanismu ............................................................................... 56 3.3 Vývoj tělesné výchovy, gymnastiky a Sokola v 19. století................... 56 3.3.1 Sokol............................................................................................... 57 3.4 Historie vzpírání v Čechách .................................................................. 60 3.4.1 První osobnosti vzpírání u nás........................................................ 61 3.4.2 Těžkoatletické kluby ...................................................................... 62 7 3.4.3 Zřejmě první „fitko“ v Čechách ..................................................... 62 3.4.5 První mistr Čech ve vzpírání .......................................................... 63 3.4.6 Ukázky starých tréninků, metod a vybavení .................................. 63 3.5 Vznik kulturistiky V Čechách ............................................................... 64 3.5.1 Juraj Višný....................................................................................... 68 3.5.2 Ladislav Filip.................................................................................. 68 3.5.4 Ženská sportovní kulturistika ......................................................... 70 3.6 Historie a vývoj fitness v ČR................................................................. 72 4 ZÁVĚR......................................................................................................... 75 5 LITERATURA ............................................................................................. 79 5.1 Internetové zdroje................................................................................... 81 8 1 ÚVOD Tato diplomová práce nese název „Kapitoly z vývoje sportovních disciplín utvářejících dnešní podobu fitness“. Na úvod bych chtěl říci, že jsem se snažil k řešení
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