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Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 04:10:37AM Via Free Access 2 Pires, Strange and Mello Several Afro- and Indo-Guianese Populations
New West Indian Guide 92 (2018) 1–34 nwig brill.com/nwig The Bakru Speaks Money-Making Demons and Racial Stereotypes in Guyana and Suriname* Rogério Brittes W. Pires Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil [email protected] Stuart Earle Strange Yale-NUS College, Singapore [email protected] Marcelo Moura Mello Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil [email protected] Abstract Throughout the Guianas, people of all ethnicities fear one particular kind of demonic spirit. Called baccoo in Guyana, bakru in coastal Suriname, and bakulu or bakuu among Saamaka and Ndyuka Maroons in the interior, these demons offer personal wealth in exchange for human life. Based on multisited ethnography in Guyana and Suriname, this paper analyzes converging and diverging conceptions of the “same” spirit among * Most of the research for this article was carried out by the authors during fieldwork for their Ph.D. dissertation.The research was financed byThe National Science Foundation,The Social Science Research Council, The Wenner Gren Foundation, and the University of Michigan’s Department of Anthropology (Stuart Strange); by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Museu Nacional’s Graduate Program in Social Anthro- pology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ufrj) (Marcelo Mello and Rogério Pires); and by a CNPq postdoctoral scholarship in the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Rogério Pires). Previous versions of this article were presented twice in 2015 and once in 2017: in a seminar at Museu Nacional/ufrj, in a panel session at the American Anthropological Asso- ciation (aaa) meeting, and in a lecture at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (ufjf). -
Uneasy Intimacies: Race, Family, and Property in Santiago De Cuba, 1803-1868 by Adriana Chira
Uneasy Intimacies: Race, Family, and Property in Santiago de Cuba, 1803-1868 by Adriana Chira A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Jesse E. Hoffnung-Garskof, Co-Chair Professor Rebecca J. Scott, Co-Chair Associate Professor Paulina L. Alberto Professor Emerita Gillian Feeley-Harnik Professor Jean M. Hébrard, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales Professor Martha Jones To Paul ii Acknowledgments One of the great joys and privileges of being a historian is that researching and writing take us through many worlds, past and present, to which we become bound—ethically, intellectually, emotionally. Unfortunately, the acknowledgments section can be just a modest snippet of yearlong experiences and life-long commitments. Archivists and historians in Cuba and Spain offered extremely generous support at a time of severe economic challenges. In Havana, at the National Archive, I was privileged to get to meet and learn from Julio Vargas, Niurbis Ferrer, Jorge Macle, Silvio Facenda, Lindia Vera, and Berta Yaque. In Santiago, my research would not have been possible without the kindness, work, and enthusiasm of Maty Almaguer, Ana Maria Limonta, Yanet Pera Numa, María Antonia Reinoso, and Alfredo Sánchez. The directors of the two Cuban archives, Martha Ferriol, Milagros Villalón, and Zelma Corona, always welcomed me warmly and allowed me to begin my research promptly. My work on Cuba could have never started without my doctoral committee’s support. Rebecca Scott’s tireless commitment to graduate education nourished me every step of the way even when my self-doubts felt crippling. -
How Did Early-Modern Slaves in Spain Disappear? the Antecedents
How Did Early-Modern Slaves in Spain Disappear? The Antecedents Tamar Herzog Stanford University DEBATING WHETHER “Spaniards of African descent” should be citizens, delegates to the first Spanish constituent assembly meeting in Cádiz in 1810 assumed that individuals of African de- scent existed only in the New World.1 Historians who studied this episode followed in their footsteps. Arguing that the issue of citizenship divided peninsular delegates from their American colleagues, they interpreted the decision not to give Africans automatic citizenship—granted only to Spaniards who on both sides descended from either Europeans or Indians—as proof of the unwillingness of peninsular delegates to give America the representation it deserved.2 The idea that slavery and thus African ascendance(blood) were a colonial, not a domestic, affair and that Spaniards of African descent existed only overseas was not entirely new to the 1810s. As 1 This consideration was openly mentioned, for example, by Agustín de Argüelles on January 9, 1811; see Diario de las discusiones y actas de las Cortes de Cádiz (Cadiz: Imprenta Real, 1811) (hereafter DDACC), 2:323. In 1811 Vicente Morales y Duárez could thus argue that people of African descent could not be citizens because “the king always wanted to maintain this foreign caste that proceeds from different parts of Africa separate . from other classes of Americans”; Morales y Duárez, on February 7, 1811, DDACC, 3:281–82 (my emphasis). The original version reads: “Su voluntad [del rey] era mantener siempre a esta casta extranjera procedente de varios puntos de África . en prescindencia de las otras clases americanas.” 2 Citizenship was granted to Spaniards who “on both sides descended from Spanish families from Spain and Spanish America” and who had their domicile in the kingdom (art. -
By Obianuju Ugwu-Oju CLINOTHEMS of the CRETACEOUS BERBICE
CLINOTHEMS OF THE CRETACEOUS BERBICE CANYON, OFFSHORE GUYANA by Obianuju Ugwu-Oju A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date ____________________________ Signed ____________________________ Obianuju Ugwu-Oju Signed ____________________________ Dr. Lesli Wood Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date ____________________________ Signed ____________________________ Dr. M. Stephen Enders Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT The Berbice Canyon of offshore Guyana evolved in the late Cretaceous in proximity to a margin that was separating from the African margin in response to the opening of the northern South Atlantic Ocean. The Berbice would be considered a shelf-incised canyon in the nomenclature of Harris and Whiteway, 2011. This study examines the nature of the canyon morphology, fill phases and fill architecture within the Berbice Canyon using ~7000 km2 of 3D seismic time and depth data, as well as chronostratigraphic data from Horseshoe-01 well drilled adjacent to the canyon fill. The Berbice displays composite canyon development with multiple phases of cut and fill. There are six primary incisional surfaces exhibiting a maximum width of 33km, a maximum relief of 1250 m and a composite maximum relief of 2650 m when decompaction is factored. The western side of the canyon system is primarily modified through destructional activities such as scalloping and side wall failures while the eastern side is primarily modified through constructional progradational activities. There are clinothems deposited within the canyon between incisional surfaces I3 and I4, primarily on the eastern side. -
Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians. -
Héroes De Carabobo Ediciones De La Presidencia De La República Caracas - Venezuela, 2004 Depósito Legal: Lf8002004900384 ISBN: 980-03-0338-3
EDICIONES DE LA PRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA HUGO RAFAEL CHÁVEZ FRÍAS PRESIDENTE DE LA REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA MANUEL ANTONIO BARROSO ALBERTO DIRECTOR DEL DESPACHO DEL PRESIDENTE TCNEL. CARLOS JULIO RODRÍGUEZ RABAN DIRECTOR DE LA OFICINA DE GESTIÓN INTERNA CAP. CC. ERIKA VIRGÜEZ OVIEDO DIRECTORA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DOLORES DAMARYS CORDERO NEGRIN COORDINADORA DE ARCHIVOS Y PUBLICACIONES (E) © Despacho del Presidente Los Héroes de Carabobo Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República Caracas - Venezuela, 2004 Depósito Legal: lf8002004900384 ISBN: 980-03-0338-3 Impresión: Anauco Ediciones, C.A. Diseño, Diagramación y Portada: José Alejandro Guzmán S. Héctor Bencomo Barrios LOS HEROES DE CARABOBO Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República 2004 ÍNDICE Prólogo 9 Introducción 13 Abreu e Lima, J. I. Ribeiro de 15 Alcántara, Francisco de Paula 19 Aramendi, Francisco 23 Arguindegui, José María 25 Arismendi, Juan Bautista 27 Arraiz, Manuel 33 Avendaño, Francisco de Paula 35 Bermúdez, José Francisco 41 Bolívar, Simón 47 Borrás, Miguel 55 Bravo, Juan Ángel 59 Briceño Méndez, Pedro 61 Camejo, Josefa 69 Carrillo, José de la Cruz 75 Castelli, Carlos Luis 81 Conde, Juan José 89 Demarquet, Carlos Eloy 91 Farfán, Francisco 99 Ferriar, Thomas Ilderton 101 Figueredo, Fernando 103 Flegel, Ludwig 109 Flores, Juan José 113 Gómez, Juan 123 Gravete, Antonio 129 Heras, José Rafael de las 131 Ibarra, Diego 133 Iribarren, Guillermo 139 Macero, Felipe 143 Manrique, Manuel 147 Manzo, Juan Manuel 153 Mariño, Santiago 155 Martin, Felipe Mauricio 165 Mellado, -
A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 7 Issue 3 Papers from NWAV 29 Article 20 2001 A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos Peter Snow Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Snow, Peter (2001) "A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 7 : Iss. 3 , Article 20. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos 1 Peter Snow 1 Introduction In its ideal form, the phenomenon of the creole continuum as originally described by DeCamp (1971) and Bickerton (1973) may be understood as a result of the process of decreolization that occurs wherever a creole is in direct contact with its lexifier. This contact between creole languages and the languages that provide the majority of their lexicons leads to synchronic variation in the form of a continuum that reflects the unidirectional process of decreolization. The resulting continuum of varieties ranges from the "basilect" (most markedly creole), through intermediate "mesolectal" varie ties (less markedly creole), to the "acrolect" (least markedly creole or the lexifier language itself). -
Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison
rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV. -
La Influencia De La Revolución Haitiana En Las Independencias De Venezuela Y Nueva Granada (1804-1825)
Martínez Peria, Juan Francisco Entre el terror y la solidaridad: La influencia de la revolución haitiana en las independencias de Venezuela y Nueva Granada (1804-1825) Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina 2016, vol. 16, nro. 1, e006 Cita sugerida: Martínez Peria, J. (2016). Entre el terror y la solidaridad: La influencia de la revolución haitiana en las independencias de Venezuela y Nueva Granada (1804-1825). Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina, 16 (1), e006. En Memoria Académica. Disponible en: http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/art_revistas/pr.7228/pr.7228.pdf Documento disponible para su consulta y descarga en Memoria Académica, repositorio institucional de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (FaHCE) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Gestionado por Bibhuma, biblioteca de la FaHCE. Para más información consulte los sitios: http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar http://www.bibhuma.fahce.unlp.edu.ar Esta obra está bajo licencia 2.5 de Creative Commons Argentina. Atribución-No comercial-Compartir igual 2.5 Entre el terror y la solidaridad: La influencia de la revolución haitiana en las independencias de Venezuela y Nueva Granada (1804-1825) Juan Francisco Martínez Peria Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina, v.16, nº 1, e006, abril 2016. ISSN 2314-257X http://www.anuarioiha.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/ DOSSIER Diálogos atlánticos: Los múltiples contextos de la independencia rioplatense Entre el terror y la solidaridad: La influencia de la revolución haitiana en las independencias de Venezuela y Nueva Granada (1804-1825) Juan Francisco Martínez Peria Instituto Ravignani-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina [email protected] Cita sugerida: Martínez Peria, J. -
From Slave Driver to Abolitionist: Bartolome De Las Casas on African Slavery
Patristica et Mediaeualia, XXXVI (2015) FROM SLAVE DRIVER TO ABOLITIONIST: BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS ON AFRICAN SLAVERY MANUEL MENDEZ ALONZO UNIVERSITY OF ALCALA DE HENARES The life and works of Bartolome de Las Casas were accompanied by controversy, both during his lifetime and after his death. One subject, which served to obscure his reputation in particular, was his demand for the rights of slaves in order to preserve the dwindling Taino population in the Antilles. In his letter of 1516, as Clayton has correctly noted, Las Casas suggested importing black and white slaves from Castile to.release 1 Native Americans from forced labor . Despite Las Casas' endless efforts to liberate Native Americans from Spanish bondage, his involvement with the Atlantic slaves has served to :reate a black legend that Las Casas promoted the treaty for African slaves. In this work, as paradoxical as it appears, I intend to prove that Las Casas' exalted defense of the liberty of the Indians does not contradict his acceptance of African slavery since the Africans brought to America were already a people in bondage. In other words, Native Americans (as was evident to Las Casas) had lived free and in peace with the Christians until the arrival of the Spaniards and, thus, should hav~ been treated as free men according to ius naturale and ius gentium, but the opposite could be said of the Africans who arrived in America. If, therefore, it could be proved that they were already in bondage in their societies, or they had acted as enemies of the Christi'an faith, they could legally be considered slaves. -
British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819
BRITISH STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA 1786-1819 Samuel Wee Tien Wang B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1991 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O Samuel Wee Tien Wang 1992 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY December 1992 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: Samuel Wee DEGREE: TITLE OF THESIS: British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819 EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: J. I. Little ~dhardIngram, Professor Ian Dyck, Associate ~hfessor Chdrles Fedorak - (Examiner) DATE: 15 December 1992 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE 1 hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca Author: (signature) Samuel Wee (name) (date) ABSTRACT It has almost become a common-place assumption that the 1819 founding of Singapore at the southern tip of the strategically located Straits of Malacca represented for the English East India Company a desire to strengthen trade with China; that it was part of an optimistic and confident swing to the east which had as its goal, the lucrative tea trade. -
For Index to These, See Pages Xiv, Xv.)
INDEX THis Index contains no reference to the Introductory Tables, nor to the Additions and Corrections. (For index to these, see pages xiv, xv.) AAC ADI AAcHEN (Prussia), 926, 957; tech- Aburi (Gold Coast), 258 nical schools, 928 ABYSSINIA, 213, 630 sqq Aalborg (Denmark), 784 - boundary, 213, 263, 630, 905, Aalen (Wiirttemberg), 965 1029 Aarau (Switzerland), 1311 - commerce, 634, 905 Aargau (Switzerland), 1308, 1310 - King Regent, 631, 632, 633 Aarhus (Denmark), 784 - leased territory, 263, 632 Abaco Island (Bahamas), 332 - railways, 634, 905 Abaiaug !Rland (Pacific), 421 - religion, 632, 815 Abancay (Peru), 1175 - roads, 634, 905 Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, Sultan of N ejd, -trade routes, 634, 905 645, 646, 647; Wahhabi war Abyssinian race, 632 under, 645, 646, 647, 1323 Acajutla (Salvador), port, 1252 Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, Sultan, Acarnania (Greece), 968 (Kedah), 182 Acchele Guzai (Eritrea), 1028 Abdullah, Sultan (Pahang), 177 Accra (Gold Coast), 256 Abdullah Ibn Hussein, Amir of - wireless station, 258 Trans-J orrlan, 191 Accrington, 14 Abemama Is. (Pacific), 421 Acha!a (Greece), 968 Abercorn (N. Rhodesia), 221 Achirnota Univ. Col!. (Gold Coast), Aberdeen, burgh, 17 256 - county, 17 Acklin's Island (Bahamas), 332 -university, 22, 23 Aconcagua (Chile), prov., 718 Aberdeen (South Dakota), 586 Acre (Palestine), 186, 188; port, Aberdeen (Washington, U.S.A), 601 190 Aberystwyth College, 22 Acre Territory (Brazil), 698 ; rubber, Abeshr (Wadai), 898 702 Abba (Yemen), 648, 649 Adalia (Turkey), vilayet, 1324 Abidjan (French West Africa), 910 Adana (Turkey), vilayet, 1324; min Abkhasian, Soviet Rep. (Georgia), ing, 1328; town, 1324, 1329 1247 Addis Ababa (Abyssinia), 631, 632, Abo (Finland), 834; university, 834 634, 905 Abo-Bjorneborg (Finland), 833 Adeiso (Gold Coast), 258 Aboisso (French West Africa), 910 Adelaide (S.