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Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 04:10:37AM Via Free Access 2 Pires, Strange and Mello Several Afro- and Indo-Guianese Populations
New West Indian Guide 92 (2018) 1–34 nwig brill.com/nwig The Bakru Speaks Money-Making Demons and Racial Stereotypes in Guyana and Suriname* Rogério Brittes W. Pires Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil [email protected] Stuart Earle Strange Yale-NUS College, Singapore [email protected] Marcelo Moura Mello Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil [email protected] Abstract Throughout the Guianas, people of all ethnicities fear one particular kind of demonic spirit. Called baccoo in Guyana, bakru in coastal Suriname, and bakulu or bakuu among Saamaka and Ndyuka Maroons in the interior, these demons offer personal wealth in exchange for human life. Based on multisited ethnography in Guyana and Suriname, this paper analyzes converging and diverging conceptions of the “same” spirit among * Most of the research for this article was carried out by the authors during fieldwork for their Ph.D. dissertation.The research was financed byThe National Science Foundation,The Social Science Research Council, The Wenner Gren Foundation, and the University of Michigan’s Department of Anthropology (Stuart Strange); by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Museu Nacional’s Graduate Program in Social Anthro- pology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ufrj) (Marcelo Mello and Rogério Pires); and by a CNPq postdoctoral scholarship in the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Rogério Pires). Previous versions of this article were presented twice in 2015 and once in 2017: in a seminar at Museu Nacional/ufrj, in a panel session at the American Anthropological Asso- ciation (aaa) meeting, and in a lecture at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (ufjf). -
Frange EXPLORATORY ASSESSMENT
EXPLORATORY ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION: The Bahamas The Netherlands Antilles Barbados St Lucia Guyana Suriname Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago frange Domestic Servitude Forced Labor Sexual Slavery Second Edition 2 The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental body, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration, advance understanding of migration issues, encourage social and economic development through migration and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. This publication was made possible through the support of the United States Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (PRM). The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of State or IOM. Publisher: International Organization for Migration (IOM) 17, route des Morillons 1752 N Street NW, Suite 700 1211 Geneva 19 Washington, DC 20036 Switzerland United States of America Tel: +41 22 717 91 11 +1 202 862 1826 Fax: +41 22 798 61 50 +1 202 862 1879 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Internet: http://www.iom.int http://www.iom.int/unitedstates ISBN 978 92 9068 249 3 ©2005 (first edition) International Organization for Migration (IOM) ©2010 (second edition) International Organization for Migration (IOM) Design: Noelle Ahmann Copy Edit: Sinéad Costelloe All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. -
The Worlds of the Seventeenth-Century Hudson Valley
1 The Seventeenth-Century Empire of the Dutch Republic, c. 1590–1672 Jaap Jacobs he overseas expansion of the Dutch Republic, culminating in the “First Dutch Empire,” is a remarkable story of the quick rise to prominence of a small country in northwestern Europe. Much smaller Tin population than European rivals like Spain, England, and France, and without considerable natural resources, the Republic was able within a few decades to lay the foundation for a colonial empire of which remnants are still part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands nowadays. This First Dutch Empire, running roughly from the beginning of the seventeenth century until the early 1670s, was characterized by rapid expansion, both in the Atlantic area and in Asia. The phase that followed, the Second Dutch Empire, shows a divergence in development between the East and West. In the East, ter- ritorial expansion—often limited to trading posts, not settlement colonies— continued and trade volume increased, but in the Western theater the Dutch witnessed a contraction of territorial possessions, especially with the loss of New Netherland and Dutch Brazil. Even so, Dutch trade and shipping in the Atlantic was not solely dependent upon colonial footholds, not in the least because the Dutch began to participate in the Atlantic slave trade. This Second Dutch Empire ended in the Age of Democratic Revolutions, when upheavals in Europe and America brought an end to both the Dutch East and West India Companies and led to the loss of a number of colonies, such as South Africa, Sri Lanka, and Essequibo and Demerara on the Guyana coast. -
Quaternary Stratigraphy of Suriname 561
559 QUATERNARYSTRATIGRAPHY OF SURINAME The0 E. WONGl Abstract In this paper the Quatemary sediments of the Coastal Plain of Suriname are highlighted since they were recently subjected to a stratigraphical revision. The Pleistocene Coropina Formation, constituting the Old Coastal Plain, has now formally been subdivided into the Para and Lelydorp Members. The sedimentary history of these units has been well-documented in the past, relating high sea levels to inter-glacials and regressions to glacials. In the light of modem Quaternary stratigraphical considerations and the results of recent Brazilian investigations, the hitherto assumed Late Pleistocene age for the entire Coropina Formation has become questionable. Traditionally, all Holocene sediments in the Young Coastal Plain were grouped into the Demerara Formation. It is now realized that the Demerara Formation comprises widely differing lithologies which should not be grouped in one formation. Moreover, the name Demerara Formation has been associated too closely with the geomorphological unit Young Coastal Plain and with its Holocene age. Therefore it has been proposed to abandon the name Demerara and to attribute the status of formation to two of its most distinct lithologies (Mara and Coronie). Within the Coronie Formation three morphostratigraphic units (Wanica, Moleson and Comowine) represent oscillations of the sea. Part of these oscillations seems to correlate with Brazilian events but additional researchis needed. Résumé Le Quaternaire du Surinam a fait récemment l’objet d’une révision stratigraphique.La Formation COROPINA (Pléistocène) - qui constitue le soubassement de la plaine côtière “ancienne”- est subdivisée en deux membres: PARA (faciès argileux,à la base) et LELYDORP (faciès sableux, au sommet), dont évolution a été interprétée comme liée à des oscillations du niveau marin. -
By Obianuju Ugwu-Oju CLINOTHEMS of the CRETACEOUS BERBICE
CLINOTHEMS OF THE CRETACEOUS BERBICE CANYON, OFFSHORE GUYANA by Obianuju Ugwu-Oju A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date ____________________________ Signed ____________________________ Obianuju Ugwu-Oju Signed ____________________________ Dr. Lesli Wood Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date ____________________________ Signed ____________________________ Dr. M. Stephen Enders Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT The Berbice Canyon of offshore Guyana evolved in the late Cretaceous in proximity to a margin that was separating from the African margin in response to the opening of the northern South Atlantic Ocean. The Berbice would be considered a shelf-incised canyon in the nomenclature of Harris and Whiteway, 2011. This study examines the nature of the canyon morphology, fill phases and fill architecture within the Berbice Canyon using ~7000 km2 of 3D seismic time and depth data, as well as chronostratigraphic data from Horseshoe-01 well drilled adjacent to the canyon fill. The Berbice displays composite canyon development with multiple phases of cut and fill. There are six primary incisional surfaces exhibiting a maximum width of 33km, a maximum relief of 1250 m and a composite maximum relief of 2650 m when decompaction is factored. The western side of the canyon system is primarily modified through destructional activities such as scalloping and side wall failures while the eastern side is primarily modified through constructional progradational activities. There are clinothems deposited within the canyon between incisional surfaces I3 and I4, primarily on the eastern side. -
A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 7 Issue 3 Papers from NWAV 29 Article 20 2001 A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos Peter Snow Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Snow, Peter (2001) "A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 7 : Iss. 3 , Article 20. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos 1 Peter Snow 1 Introduction In its ideal form, the phenomenon of the creole continuum as originally described by DeCamp (1971) and Bickerton (1973) may be understood as a result of the process of decreolization that occurs wherever a creole is in direct contact with its lexifier. This contact between creole languages and the languages that provide the majority of their lexicons leads to synchronic variation in the form of a continuum that reflects the unidirectional process of decreolization. The resulting continuum of varieties ranges from the "basilect" (most markedly creole), through intermediate "mesolectal" varie ties (less markedly creole), to the "acrolect" (least markedly creole or the lexifier language itself). -
The Guyana-Suriname Basin: an Evolving Exploration Opportunity
The Guyana-Suriname Basin: An Evolving Exploration Opportunity Warren Workman* CGX Energy Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada [email protected] and David J. Birnie GEOSEIS Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada The Guyana-Suriname Basin is a half graben Atlantic-margin basin on the northeast coast of South America (Figure 1). It was rated as the second most prospective unexplored basin in the world according to the USGS in its World Petroleum Assessment 2000. World class Canje source beds are in a mature position (Figure 2). The main reservoir targets are Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary basin floor fans, shelf-margin deposits and turbidites directly overlying mature source. Recent seismic combined with 1970's well control provides an exploration framework. Depth mapping of deep closures have eliminated the distortion/ velocity pull-up by an overlying shelf margin carbonate bank of Tertiary age. Large closures have been mapped and are associated with significant shows from 1975 drilling. Basin History This basin evolved from a failed rift arm which extents on trend to the Takatu Basin to the east straddling the borders of Guyana and Brazil. It is bounded to the south by the Demerara Plateau high and to the north by the Pomeroon Arch. The basin architecture is described as a trap door structure plunging from the Pomeroon Arch and abutting against the Demerara Plateau. The basement is formed by the Atlantic Unconformity (Figure 3). The basement ranges from Precambrian to Jurassic in age. The overlying basal sequence was deposited in a gradually deepening depositional environment formed by downwarping at the earliest stages of the South America Africa rifting as it progressed from south to north. -
Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison
rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV. -
Proceedings of the Meeting of Caribbean Small Business Entrepreneurs, Organisations and Agencies
lA \'¿ p.. ... PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING OF CARIBBEAN SMALL BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURS, ORGANISATIONS AND AGENCIES REX RESORTS, SAINT LUCIA 3-5 APRIL 2002 338.642 P963M 900035278 900035278 - BIBLIOTECA CEPAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT The organising committee is very much indebted to: The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN ECLAC) The European Union (EU) Delegation of the European Commission of the Netherlands Antilles Cooperazione Italiana and The Government of Saint Lucia For their funding and other resources, which made this meeting possible. Donatus St. Aimee Economic Affairs Officer Science and Technology ECLAC Caribbean Subregional Headquarters Contents Meeting objectives and achievements.......................................................................................................................1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 Participants..............................................................................................................................................................2 Achievements ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Working groups .....................................................................................................................................................3 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................................4 -
Testing the Atlantic Mirror Theory Justin T
April 2013 ® Testing the Atlantic Mirror theory Justin T. Stolte, Latham & Watkins LLP, Houston With editorial contributions by Michael P. Darden, Latham & Watkins LLP he task of an explorer is difficult and demanding. Shareholders and Given the current state of management, along with the broader market, expect—and, in some depressed natural gas—and, recently, Tcases, mandate—the relentless generation of prospects located in natural gas liquids—prices and the regions of the world that are stable, both politically and fiscally, at entry costs significant cost and time requirements that are relatively insignificant (i.e., limited signature bonuses, limited work associated with LNG projects, the commitments, and/or limited promotes). task is further burdened with the expectation that such prospects will be oil-bearing. This task has proved Fig. 1: Suriname – Guyana Basin somewhat daunting to explorers 60˚ W 55˚ W in recent years, given the lack of Atlantic Ocean “white-space” currently available to international oil and gas companies that satisfy such expectations. Nonetheless, as the US Suriname – Guyana Basin unconventional land-rush shifts to a development stage, explorers have refocused, or, for some companies, enhanced, their efforts towards identifying prospects in parts of the Onshore world that, for a host of reasons, GUYANA Suriname Guyana borderproducing elds Suriname French Guiana border have been under-explored by the industry. Frontier basins in isolated portions of the world have been 5˚ N the recipients—and, in most cases, beneficiaries—of such efforts. One Area SURINAME FRENCH such area, the Equatorial Margin shown GUIANA of offshore Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana in South America (the “Guianas Equatorial Margin”), has seen a great deal of attention, as several companies have recently SOUTH 0 Miles 124 become very active in the area. -
Remnants of the Early Dutch in Guyana 1616-1815 Nova Zeelandia (New Zeeland
Remnants Of The Early Dutch in Guyana 1616-1815 By Dmitri Allicock Coat of arms -Flag of the Dutch West Indian Company- 1798 Map of Essequibo and Demerara Nova Zeelandia (New Zeeland} Guyana is the only English-speaking country in South America, but English has been the official language for less than half the time Europeans occupied the country. The Dutch language was the main medium of communication for 232 years, from the time a group of Dutchmen sailed up the Pomeroon River and settled there, to 1812 when English replaced Dutch as the language used in the Court of Policy (Parliament). To this day, hundreds of villages have retained their original Dutch names like Uitvlugt, Vergenoegen and Zeeburg. Some present-day Guyanese have names like Westmaas, Van Lange and Meertens. No Guyanese citizen or visitor can escape visible and other reminders of our Dutch predecessors. The ruins of a brick fort can still be seen on a little island where the Essequibo, Mazaruni and Cuyuni rivers meet. The original fort was a wooden structure built around 1600 by some Dutch traders who called it Kyk-over-al or "See-over-all" because it provided a commanding view of the three rivers. From 1627 the fort was controlled by the Dutch West India Company, a Holland-based organization which was vested with the power to establish colonies and which monopolized Dutch trade in the New World. The Company appointed Adrianetz Groenewegel as its first Commander to administer Kyk-over-al. The wooden fort was replaced in the 1630s by a brick structure which also served as an administrative centre. -
British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819
BRITISH STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA 1786-1819 Samuel Wee Tien Wang B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1991 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O Samuel Wee Tien Wang 1992 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY December 1992 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: Samuel Wee DEGREE: TITLE OF THESIS: British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819 EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: J. I. Little ~dhardIngram, Professor Ian Dyck, Associate ~hfessor Chdrles Fedorak - (Examiner) DATE: 15 December 1992 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE 1 hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca Author: (signature) Samuel Wee (name) (date) ABSTRACT It has almost become a common-place assumption that the 1819 founding of Singapore at the southern tip of the strategically located Straits of Malacca represented for the English East India Company a desire to strengthen trade with China; that it was part of an optimistic and confident swing to the east which had as its goal, the lucrative tea trade.