DOCSLIB.ORG

Tafari Makwannen, Héritier Du Trône [Dossier]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tafari Makwannen, Héritier Du Trône [Dossier] ANNAI,'RS J>'tnuOPIE ...... ?. Bonacci Giulia (ed). Pouvoir et représentations : Tafari Makwannen, héritier du trône [dossier]. Annales d'Ethiopie. Volume 28, année 2013. pp. 15-238. Annales d'Ethiopie. Volume 28, année 2013. « Pouvoir et représentations : Tafari Makwannen, héritier du trône » 15 - 238 Introduction [liminaire] 15 - 18 Giulia Bonacci Plan Référence bibliographique A New Structure of Power: The Message revealed by the Coronation of Zawditu (1917) [article] 19 - 44 Hanna Rubinkowska Résumés Plan Référence bibliographique Feasting and Political Change: Tafari's Ascent to Power and Early 20th century geber [article] 45 - 67 Izabela Orlowska Résumés Plan Référence bibliographique Le voyage du rās Tafari en Europe (1924) : entre espoirs d’indépendance et réalités coloniales [article] 69 - 116 Boris Monin Résumés Plan Référence bibliographique A Failed State Visit: Letters of Rās Tafari and His Envoy to the German Government in 1924 [article] 117 - 131 Wolbert G.C. Smidt Résumés Plan Figures Référence bibliographique Rās Tafari dans la mémoire de l’immigration arménienne en Éthiopie [article] 133 - 155 Boris Adjemian Résumés Plan Documents liés Référence bibliographique L’irrésistible ascension du rās Tafari dans les imaginaires noirs [article] 157 - 176 Giulia Bonacci Résumés Plan Figures Référence bibliographique Addis-Abeba et le couronnement de Hāyla Sellāsē. Mise en scène d'une ville, réinvention d’une cérémonie 177 - 202 [article] Estelle Sohier Résumés Plan Figures Documents liés Référence bibliographique Legitimization of a Pretender to the Throne: A Short Amharic-French Biography of Hāyla Sellāsē I 203 - 238 Published in 1930 [article] Stéphane Ancel Wolbert G.C. Smidt Résumés Plan Documents liés Référence bibliographique Introduction Pouvoir et représentations : Tafari Makwannen, héritier du trône Giulia Bonacci∗ La période à l’étude, 1916-1930, coïncide avec l’ascension politique, qualifiée par certains d’irrésistible (Del Boca 2012 : 41), du jeune héritier au trône de l’Éthiopie, rās Tafari Makwannen, qui se voit couronné roi en 1928 et Roi des rois en 1930. Cette ascension est ponctuée par plusieurs grandes crises politiques, dont le coup d’état de 1916 contre leğ Iyāsu, héritier désigné de Menelik II, et des conflits armés avec l’opposition conservatrice. Elle est concomitante d’une ouverture toujours plus grande de la politique éthiopienne sur l’international et ses corollaires, des ambitions de politique étrangères renouvelées, et des risques représentés par les visées coloniales européennes en Afrique de l’Est. Ce double prisme, envisageant la période à travers des dynamiques internes et des dynamiques externes, structure en grande partie l’historiographie de la période (Marcus 1987 : 22-58). Tout comme une double attitude est souvent perceptible dans les écrits sur cette époque, entre une admiration frôlant l’adoration, et un dédain touchant au mépris. C’est souvent la dextérité politique précoce du rās Tafari qui est soulignée dans l’évocation du louvoiement du jeune homme pour assurer à tout prix sa prééminence sur la scène politique éthiopienne, à partir d’une assise politique inédite, sa position auprès de l’impératrice. La désignation d’un héritier en même temps que le couronnement d’un monarque place cette période sous le signe de l’ambiguïté de la séparation des pouvoirs (Bahru Zewde 1991 : 129). En réprimant par les armes l’opposition avérée de plusieurs personnalités politiques, et en prenant fermement en main l’administration et les institutions éthiopiennes (Clapham 1969 : 16), Tafari travaillait consciencieusement à son ascension sur le trône. Ses relations avec l’Europe, oscillant entre hospitalité et hostilité (Marcus 1987 : 59), ont ∗ Historienne, chargée de recherche à l’Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), UMR 205 URMIS, Migrations et Société, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Univ. Paris Diderot, IRD, Centre français des études éthiopiennes (CFEE) à Addis-Abeba. 15 Giulia Bonacci largement contribué à lui donner une stature politique internationale. L’abolition de l’esclavage (1922), l’entrée à la Société des Nations (1923), et le voyage en Europe (1924) avaient comme objectif de préserver l’indépendance du pays et de transformer l’image de l’Éthiopie dans le monde. On ne saurait trop souligner l’importance de ces étapes, notam- ment celle du voyage en Europe, qui occupe près d’une quarantaine de pages dans l’autobiographie de Tafari (Haile Sellassie I 1976 : 81-123), et dont une des conséquences a été d’associer intimement et durablement la destinée de l’Éthiopie à celle de rās Tafari, devenu en 1930 Roi des rois et dernier souverain d’Éthiopie. Ce dossier se penche sur le règne conjoint de Zawditu et de Tafari pour en revisiter les enjeux politiques au prisme du pouvoir et des représenta- tions qui lui sont associées. Le pouvoir politique, en Éthiopie ou ailleurs, forme un espace extrêmement propice à l’étude de ses représentations. Dans les nombreux rituels de la cour éthiopienne, couronnements, banquets (geber), audiences, processions etc., l’attention donnée à l’emplacement, à l’habit (Sohier 2008), aux attributs du pouvoir (armes, médailles, couleurs) ou à la préséance, servait à représenter l’institution politique et formait ainsi un langage symbolique qui était partie intégrante de la politique. La mise en scène du pouvoir royal éthiopien a subi des e évolutions importantes dès la fin du XIX siècle, notamment suite à l’introduction de la photographie à la cour de Menelik II (Sohier 2012), qui signalait l’importance donnée par le souverain à la représentation de son e corps simultanément charnel et politique. Au seuil du XX siècle, l’importance et la multiplication des représentations du pouvoir éthiopien est soutenue par l’émergence d’un autre public que la noblesse éthiopien- ne ou le peuple de l’Éthiopie urbaine : les Européens et au-delà le monde sont devenus les spectateurs avides de cette royauté africaine associant simultanément, dans l’esprit colonial de l’époque, « barbarisme », splendeur et arrogante indépendance. Les médias européens et améri- cains sont devenus les relais de ces représentations du pouvoir politique éthiopien, en texte et en images, reproduisant le langage symbolique produit par la couronne, langage symbolique à son tour reçu et perçu de diverses manières par les lecteurs et spectateurs de ces médias. Un pas plus loin dans la mise en abîme nous pousse vers les représentations produites par des groupes ou individus, étrangers dans le pays ou vivant aux Amériques. Ce sont là encore d’autres images qui sont en jeu, produites par le travail de la mémoire et de l’interprétation, qui attribuent au pouvoir éthiopien encore d’autres prérogatives ou responsabilités. En somme, la multiplication des regards est mise à l’honneur dans ce dossier. Les regards de la cour assistant à un couronnement ou à un geber, les regards d’un journaliste ou d’un homme politique sur la route de Tafari à Paris, les regards portés par un vieil étranger à Addis-Abeba, ou par une congrégation de juifs noirs à Harlem, et finalement, le regard porté par l’héritier devenu Roi des rois sur sa propre mise en scène et en image. 16 Introduction Alors que la première guerre mondiale déchirait les nations et que l’internationalisation des médias et des économies bouleversait les équilibres politiques, le seul État souverain et indépendant en Afrique s’offrait à cette multiplication des regards. Chacun des articles de ce dossier ouvre la porte à une ou plusieurs des représentations associées au pouvoir royal éthiopien, plongeant dans l’épaisseur de sa mise en scène et renouvelant ainsi notre compréhension de la volonté politique du jeune rās et des multiples façons dont elle a été interprétée. L’article de Hanna Rubinkowska interroge le couronnement de l’impératrice Zawditu, en 1917, qui formalisait la continuité politique et réaffirmait le rôle du christianisme dans la légitimité du pouvoir royal éthiopien, tout en s’adressant, déjà, aux puissances politiques étrangères. La cérémonie introduisait le règne partagé entre Zawditu et Tafari et mettait déjà en scène celui-ci au centre des cercles du pouvoir. Le geber, grand banquet rythmant la vie politique éthiopienne et représentant la centralité du manger dans ses sociabilités est étudié par Izabela Orlowska. Les geber des couronnements de Zawditu (1917), puis de Tafari (1928) deviennent le reflet extrêmement ritualisé de l’État éthiopien, dévoilant l’équilibre des pouvoirs régionaux et nationaux, et les subtiles transforma- tions imprimées par les souverains. Deux articles se penchent sur les voyages de Tafari à l’étranger, qui représentaient à bien des niveaux un bouleversement dans la politique éthiopienne. Boris Monin fait l’analyse détaillée du voyage de 1924, durant lequel Tafari, tout en prenant plaisir à découvrir la France, essayait de négocier un accès à la mer pour son pays. Se heurtant à l’alternance politique française ainsi qu’au lobby colonial, cette tentative s’est soldée par un échec politique. Wolbert G.C. Smidt montre lui comment un échec politique, ou plutôt un non-événement politique, l’absence de visite de Tafari en Allemagne à l’occasion du même voyage, remplacé par une délégation éthiopienne, peut révéler l’habileté diplomatique de celui-ci, les liens entre Allemagne et Éthiopie se voyant malgré tout renforcés. À partir de sources orales produites par les Arméniens d’Éthiopie, l’article de Boris Adjemian traite du travail de la mémoire dans la reconstruction de la figure héroïque du rās Tafari. Tout en soulignant les continuités du pouvoir éthiopien dans l’attention portée aux Arméniens, il dévoile les ressorts du mythe décrivant l’adoption de quarante orphelins arméniens, constituant la fanfare royale, et son importance pour les membres de la communauté arménienne demeurés en Éthiopie. En s’attachant à l’empreinte du rās Tafari dans les imaginaires noirs aux Amériques à travers des exemples précis, Giulia Bonacci démontre combien les actions politiques de l’héritier du trône et ses invitations à venir s’installer en Éthiopie signalaient déjà les dynamiques à l’origine du mouvement rastafari, dont la naissance est généralement datée à 1930.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (At the Service of the Roman Empire) and the Subsequent Economic Imperialism
    Image: Map of Western Europe, by Fernão Vaz Dourado (1520-1580). Estimated actual date: ≈1705. European colonization (at the service of the Roman Empire) and the subsequent Economic Imperialism Author: Andreu Marfull-Pujadas 2017 © All rights reserved Exercise done for the Project of the Scientific Direction "New Chronology" - НЕВ ХРОНОЛОГИЈАА - directed by the professors A.T.Fomenko and G.V.Nosovskiy Work developed in the GLOBAL DIAGRAM OF THE DOUBLE CHRONOLOGICAL MANIPULATION OF THE HUMAN HISTORY - Representation of the Global Chronological Map of the "New Chronology" (Part 3) V.3.0 2017/10/12 Posted on 2018/01/12 Index 1. THE RECONSTRUCTION OF DILATED HISTORY ................................................... 3 1.1. The Empire of Human Civilizations, 10th-21st centuries ......................................................................... 3 1.2. Egypt = Rome = Greece, the Original Empire .......................................................................................... 4 1.3. Archaeology and “ancient” Thought ......................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Jerusalem = Holy Land = Several cities ................................................................................................... 5 1.5. America before to “1492” .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.6. The transformation of the Horde-Ottoman Alliance into the Janua (Genoa)-Palaiologos Alliance .......... 8
    [Show full text]
  • Ramos&Boavida
    Ras Tafari in Lusoland: On the 50th anniversary of Haile Selassie´s I state visit to Portugal, 1959-2009 Exhibition Catalogue Edited by Isabel Boavida and Manuel João Ramos Illustrated by Manuel João Ramos Centro de Estudos Africanos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Índice List of Contributors 5 Illustration Sources 5 Illustrations 7 Diplomatic relationship between Portugal and Ethiopia, 1954-1963 19 Pierre-Etienne Page and Isabel Boavida A state visit in times of change 23 Isabel Boavida The organization and the unfolding of the visit of the Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Sellassie in Portugal, 26th-31st July 1959 27 Pierre-Etienne Page Spilt co!ee: The tipping point Illustrations in Portuguese and Ethiopian relations 31 Manuel João Ramos The Foundation of the Organization of African Unity 35 Aurora Almada e Santos Revisiting Eritrea’s isolation in the regional and global political arenas in the light of
    [Show full text]
  • Seventh Report on Unilateral Acts of States, by Mr. Víctor Rodríguez Cedeño, Special Rapporteur [Original: English/French/Spanish] [22 April 2004]
    UNILATERAL ACTS OF STATES [Agenda item 5] DOCUMENT A/CN.4/542*1 Seventh report on unilateral acts of States, by Mr. Víctor Rodríguez Cedeño, Special Rapporteur [Original: English/French/Spanish] [22 April 2004] CONTENTS Page Multilateral instruments cited in the present report ..................................................................................................................................... 207 Works cited in the present report ................................................................................................................................................................. 208 Paragraphs INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1–12 211 Chapter I. ACTS AND DECLARATIONS THAT MAY REPRESENT THE PRACTICE OF STATES................................................................................................. 13–201 212 A. Acts whereby States assume obligations .................................................................................................................................... 13–79 212 B. Acts by which a State waives a right or a legal claim................................................................................................................. 80–88 232 C. Acts by which a State reaffirms a right or a legal claim ............................................................................................................. 89–178
    [Show full text]
  • Solomonic Literature. DR
    1--- ----- ~be ~pen ~ourt A MONTHLY MAGAZINE J)e"ote~ to tbe Science of 'Religion, tbe 'Religion of Science, an~ tbe l6Itension of tbe 'Religious 'Parliament l~ea Editor: DR. PAUL CARUS, Associates: j E. C. HEGELER, Assistant Editor: T. J. MCCORMACK. "I MARY CARUSo VOL. XII. (No.1) JANUARY, 1898. NO. 500 CONTENTS: Frontispiece. PIERRE SIMON DE LAPLACE. Solomonic Literature. DR. MONCURE D. CONWAY, New York City I History of the People of Israel. From the Beginning to the Destruction of Jerusalem. VII. The Maccabeean Rebellion to the Establishment of the Hereditary High-Priesthood and Principality Under Simon. DR. C. H. CORNILL, Professor of Theology in the University of Konigsberg. 10 A Vain Search for God. HERMANN BALZ • . The Dances of Death. With Numerous Illustrations, from Late Medireval and Modern Christian Art. EDITOR . 40 Pierre Simon de Laplace. French Mathematician. Biographical Sketch. 54 Immortality. A Hymn. With Music 58 Book Reviews and Notes 60 CHICAGO Qtbe ~pen (tourt pubUsbing (tompan~ LONDON: Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. Single copies, 10 cents. Annually, $1.00. In the U. P. U., 5S. 6d. Copyrilht, 18g8, by The Open Court Publi.hlng Co. Entered at the Chicago Post Olliee as Second·CI"B Matter. The Monthly Open Court Devoted to the Science of Religion, the Religion of Science, and the Extension of the Religious Parliament Idea. Some Special Features for the Current Year. On Municipal Oovernment. CHICAGO AND ITS ADMINISTRATION. By the Hon. Lyman J. Gage, Secretary of the Treasury. (April.) MUNICIPAL LIFE IN NEW ZEALAND. By the Hon. Sir Robert Stout, K, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Remember We Are Not Managing the Ocean, but the Behavior of the People Who Use the Ocean! Presentationpresentation Outlineoutline
    TOWARDS INTEGRATED NATIONAL OCEAN POLICY IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC: Solomon Islands. Competing & Conflicting Issues in Ocean Policy… Rudolf H. Dorah UN-The Nippon of Japan Foundation Fellow (2006-07 Remember we are not managing the ocean, but the behavior of the people who use the ocean! PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline 1. HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE SINCE UNCLOS & RIO? GLOBAL LEVEL PACIFIC CONTEXT Geographical Realities Political Realities Economic Realities Ocean Realities 2. TOWARDS INTEGRATED OCEAN POLICY: Conceptualization Rationale Objective 3. TOWARDS AN INTEGRATE REGIONAL OCEAN POLICY IN THE PACIFIC Development of the PIROP Evolution of the Policy? The Policy Environment Policy Process Major Principles Adopted Institutional Arrangements 4. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLOMON ISLAND NATIONAL OCEAN POLICY: ISSUES BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND UNCLOSUNCLOS UNCEDUNCED Relevant provisions of UNCLOS UNCED reinforces UNCLOS, related to Ocean Policy are: deals with new challenges, and also set new targets for states to accomplish including 1. Living Marine Resources: Part V (EEZ) Art 61-73, Part VII ( High Seas), Section 2, Art 116-120 & 1. Deals with Climate change Annex 1. ( Rights and Obligations 2. Support full ratification and of States, Annex 1 (types of highly implementation of UNCLOS migratory species) 3. Agenda 21, Ch 17, Sustainable 2. Non-Living Marine resources: Part Development (27 principles of XII, Protection and Preservation of sustainable development). Of the marine environment (12 Sec), particular relevance to this thesis is Sources of pollutions, Art 145 Chapter 17, programmes C and D of protection of the Environment Agenda 21 which specifically look at from the area. the sustainable use and resource management and conservation of marine resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Dwight D. Eisenhower From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzәnˌhaʊ.әr/ EYE­zәn­HOW­әr; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th General of the Army President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five­star general in the Dwight D. Eisenhower United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. Eisenhower was born in Denison, Texas, and raised in Kansas in a large family of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry by parents with a strong religious background. His mother was born a Lutheran, married as a River Brethren and later converted to Jehovah's Witnesses. Eisenhower did not belong to any denomination until he was President.[5] He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, with whom he had two sons. During World War I, he was denied a request to serve in Europe, instead commanding a unit training tank crews. Following the war, he served under several notable generals, and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 34th President of the United States 1941. After the U.S. entered World War II, Eisenhower oversaw the successful In office invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower Albums, 1911-1961 Accession: A0
    DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS EISENHOWER, JOHN S. D.: Dwight D. Eisenhower Albums, 1911-1961 Accession: A02-11 Processed by: VJA, DK Date Completed: August 18, 2009 Linear feet: 9.45 Approximate number of pages: 1,000 Approximate number of items: 765 John S. D. Eisenhower deposited these materials with the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library on September 6, 1988 and signed an instrument of gift for the papers on October 12, 1999. Literary rights in the unpublished writings of Dwight D. Eisenhower are retained by the donor. Under terms of the instrument of gift, the following classes of items are withheld from research use: 1. Papers which constitute an invasion of personal privacy or a libel of a living person. 2. Papers which are required to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy, and are properly classified. Page 1 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE These albums contain awards and diplomatic documents presented to Dwight D. Eisenhower during his military and Presidential career. The documents date from 1911-1961 and were divided into three subseries which are described below. President Eisenhower gave the albums to his son, John S. D. Eisenhower who later donated them to the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. These documents were originally housed in clear acetate sleeves in black albums. They were arranged into subseries according to document type with each subseries arranged chronologically. Photostats were substituted for some original documents that John Eisenhower retained for his personal collection. As a preservation measure the documents were removed from the deteriorating acetate sleeves and rehoused in acid-free boxes and folders.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 JOMSA Figure 9: the Certificate of Order of Solomon Presented to General Eisenhower
    On January 3, 1949, the Ethiopian Ambassador forwarded to General Eisenhower the certificate that accompanied the award (Figure 9) and noted in his covering letter that the certificate was signed by His Majesty, the Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia testifying that, the “Order of Solomon” has been conferred by the Ethiopian Government on 10th September, 1948, upon your Excellency in recognition of your able leadership as commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces in World War II. The certificate states (in English): The Lion of Judah has prevailed Haile Selassie I Figure 6: The obverse of General Elect of God, King of Kings of Ethiopia Eisenhower’s breast star (95.3mm x 95.3mm; weight 127gms). The Second World War ending in Courtesy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Victory finds the famous war leader’s work finished Presidential Library and Museum. Through a display of practicality, great courage, Ingeniousness, collaboration and understanding. To General Dwight Eisenhower, United States Commanding General, Grand Cordon of the Order of Solomon, We grant with great pleasure the award. Given at the Royal Palace, Addis Ababa 10th September, 1947 Official Minister” The final letter in the correspondence concerning this award to General Eisenhower is dated December 12, 1950 - a letter from General Eisenhower’s representives to the Ethiopian Consulate in New York stated “he does not have in his possession a ribbon representing the decoration. Can one be obtained?” Figure 7: The reverse of the breast star in Detailed regulations for the Order of Solomon for the Figure 4. period are not available, but on April 20, 1954, a decree concerning insignia regulations was issued.
    [Show full text]
  • The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: a Reassessment
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1989 The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: A Reassessment O’Brien, Mark A Abstract: This book undertakes a reassessment of the Deuteronomistic History in response to recent developments which raise questions about Martin Noth’s understanding of the history as a unified and well planned work. The reassessment is carried out via a literary critical, linguistic and contextual analysis of the text, in particular those passages which are generally regarded as Deuteronomistic compositions. The author argues that the history was indeed a well planned and unified work, but one that ended at2 Kgs 23:23 with the reign of Josiah. It was principally a story of Israel’s leaders and Moses and Joshua (Deuteronomy to Judg 2: 10), the period of Israel from the judges to the monarchy (Judg 2:11 to 1 Sam 11:15), and the period of Israel under the prophets and kings (1 Sam 13:1 to 2 Kgs 23:23). Subsequent redaction was carried out in three main stages. The first was a fairly straightforward updating of the history to stage accounted for the exile by applying the history’s critique of the northern kings to the Davidic dynasty. The third stage transferred its attention to the people and sought to transform the history from a story of Israel’s leaders into a story of the people’s failure to observe the law. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-152171 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: O’Brien, Mark A (1989).
    [Show full text]
  • 2018-2019 National History Bowl Round 3 – B Set Version
    NHBB B-Set Bowl 2018-2019 Bowl Round 3 Bowl Round 3 First Quarter (1) This emperor's attempts to permanently relocate to Alexandria led Cassius Chaerea to scheme against him. This man may have caused a famine when he relocated grain ships to form a pontoon bridge between Puteoli and Baiae. This man's successor was found hiding behind a curtain after the Praetorian Guard stabbed this man thirty times. Claudius succeeded, for ten points, what Roman emperor who was accused of naming his favorite horse consul, among other insane acts? ANSWER: Caligula (accept Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) (2) This man was accused of staging a standardization demonstration by Merritt Smith in order to buy more time to fulfill a government order for 15,000 muskets. This man worked with Honore Blanc and Louis de Tousard to produce widely-used artillery pieces, an early concept of interchangeable parts. His most famous creation revolutionized the Southern economy by allowing for the easy removal of seeds from a certain cash crop. For ten points, name this inventor of the cotton gin. ANSWER: Eli Whitney (3) JME McTaggart formulated two possible conceptions of this concept, the A-series and B-series, in his work on the \Unreality" of this concept. Martin Heidegger's magnum opus argued that this concept was \the horizon of being" and was titled for Being and this concept. Philosophical positions about this concept include presentism and eternalism. For ten points, name this philosophical concept which pertains to the past, present, and future. ANSWER: time (accept The Unreality of Time; accept Being and Time) (4) This man spent two weeks in the hospital before an event, causing Richard Daley to cry \they've embalmed him before he even died!" Dwight Eisenhower said \If you give me a week, I'll think of one" contribution by this politician.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 12/3/10 6:19 PM Dwight D
    Dwight D. Eisenhower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 12/3/10 6:19 PM Dwight D. Eisenhower From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Eisenhower) Dwight David "Ike" General of the Army Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower (pronounced / ˈaɪz!nhaʊ!r/ EYE-z!n- how-!r; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was a five-star general in the United States Army and the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961, and the last to be born in the 19th century. During World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe, with responsibility for planning and supervising the 34th President of the United States successful invasion of In office France and Germany January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 in 1944–45, from the Vice President Richard Nixon Western Front. In Preceded by Harry S. Truman 1951, he became the Succeeded by John F. Kennedy first supreme commander of 1st Supreme Allied Commander Europe [2] NATO. In office April 2, 1951 – May 30, 1952 A Republican, Preceded by Post Created Eisenhower entered Succeeded by Gen. Matthew Ridgway the 1952 presidential race to counter the 1st Military Governor of the American isolationism of Sen. Occupation Zone in Germany Robert A. Taft, and to In office crusade against May 8 – November 10, 1945 "Communism, Korea Preceded by Post Created and corruption". He Succeeded by Gen. George Patton (acting) won by a landslide, defeating Democrat 13th President of Columbia University http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower Page 1 of 34 Dwight D. Eisenhower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 12/3/10 6:19 PM 13th President of Columbia University Adlai Stevenson and In office ending two decades of 1948–1953 the New Deal Preceded by Frank D.
    [Show full text]
  • Selassie-Come-Home.Pdf
    SEffislE He was a 2Oth-Gentury giant who died ,, Photographs by Petet ilailow Tof dl|ttlcnhELla DaprabElodrlts yrr,-llcbrrrt lcobtr*lBdc riefrturybrsffigb erffiUolfom,|lc Obrtic fO,oOCrrtrcr Spldna.ktlb[G Cobnarr*c,b.Lrt dflrhttcoLhuohdor Sqran,rornmrcd IrkdSqmrc. Ferdgtt erilregglhgctlra rdcicrthefur.rd $brd.rreyt|crc Look at photographs.All his life he seems to have had only one impervious sar- makes our own dear royal family's lurnpen Kraut origins seem rather d*.tdy. cophagal expression, a granite stare that gfures at posterity with dl the regal R"g.lly - hour and a half late, Ermias arrives with a train of 20 family mem- confdence of a heriage that disappc'ars back into the mist of fairy tdes. He bers, bodyguards and aides. I suddeuly fccl that 1'1a [6,5ting rqral BandAid. Itt was the head of the only independentAfrican country. He led Ethiopia into the an embarrassment of seeds of Solomon. So embarressing ttrat I harcn t enough League of Nations, and wirressed its demise. In Gene he made a speech tbat cash to pay for them all and bave to make anangemeDts with the jolly Italian echoed round the world in defence of the independence of smdl counties. It orlfil€f,,'lvho warcs his hands and invites me back for dinner on the house. is one of ttre great pieces of 2Otl-cennrry oratory and as relerrant today as it was Ermias is a one-man charm offensive.All Ethiopians harrc infinite reserves of then. It could have been said of Kuwait or Kosovo or East Timor.
    [Show full text]