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The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: a Reassessment

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The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: a Reassessment Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1989 The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: A Reassessment O’Brien, Mark A Abstract: This book undertakes a reassessment of the Deuteronomistic History in response to recent developments which raise questions about Martin Noth’s understanding of the history as a unified and well planned work. The reassessment is carried out via a literary critical, linguistic and contextual analysis of the text, in particular those passages which are generally regarded as Deuteronomistic compositions. The author argues that the history was indeed a well planned and unified work, but one that ended at2 Kgs 23:23 with the reign of Josiah. It was principally a story of Israel’s leaders and Moses and Joshua (Deuteronomy to Judg 2: 10), the period of Israel from the judges to the monarchy (Judg 2:11 to 1 Sam 11:15), and the period of Israel under the prophets and kings (1 Sam 13:1 to 2 Kgs 23:23). Subsequent redaction was carried out in three main stages. The first was a fairly straightforward updating of the history to stage accounted for the exile by applying the history’s critique of the northern kings to the Davidic dynasty. The third stage transferred its attention to the people and sought to transform the history from a story of Israel’s leaders into a story of the people’s failure to observe the law. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-152171 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: O’Brien, Mark A (1989). The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: A Reassessment. Freiburg, Switzer- land / Göttingen, Germany: Universitätsverlag / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. O'BRIEN · THE DEUTERONOMISTIC HISTORY HYPOTHESIS: A REASSESSMENT ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Published by the Biblical Institute of the University of Fribourg Switzerland the Seminar für Biblische Zeitgeschichte of the University of Münster i. W. Federal Republic of Germany and the Schweizerische Gesellschaft für orientalische Altertumswissenschaft Editor: Othmar Keel Coeditors: Erich Zenger and Albert de Pury The Author: Mark O'Brien, born 16th May 1948 in Wagga, N.S.W., Australia; entered the Dominican Order in 1967, studied Theology from 1968-73 in Canberra and Dublin; ordained a priest in 1973. Completed the L.S.S. at the Biblical Institute, Rome in 1976. Lecturer in Old Testament studies at the Yarra Theological Union, Melbourne since 1977. Completed a Doctor ofTheology degree at the Melbourne College of Divinity in 1987. ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS 92 MARK A. O'BRIEN THE DEUTERONOMISTIC HISTORY HYPOTHESIS: A REASSESSMENT UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG FREIBURG SCHWEIZ VANDEN HOECK & RUPRECHT GöTTINGEN 1989 CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek O'Brien, Mark A.: The deuteronomistic history hypothesis: a reassessment / Mark A. O'Brien. - Freiburg, Schweiz: Univ.-Verl.; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht, 1989 (Orbis biblicus et orientalis; 92) ISBN 3-525-53722-0 (Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht) Gb. ISBN 3-7278-0647-8 (Univ.-Verl.) Gb. NE:GT Die Textseiten wurden vom Herausgeber als reprofertige Dokumente zur Verfügung gestellt © 1989 by Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Paulusdruckerei Freiburg Schweiz ISBN 3- 7278-0647-8 (Universitätsverlag) ISBN 3-525-53722-0 (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) Digitalisat erstellt durch Florian Lippke, Departement für Biblische Studien, Universität Freiburg Schweiz For My Father John Thomas O'Brien 1918-1985 VII CONTENTS Acknowledgments XI Note on Texts and Conventions Used XIII PartOne Presentation of the Reassessment Chapter 1: The Need for a Reassessment of the Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis 3 Martin Noth 3 Developments since Noth 5 The Smend and Cross Schools of Interpretation 6 The Smend School 7 The Cross School 10 The Analysis of pre-dtr Redaction 12 The Need for a Reassessment 15 Procedure for the Reassessment 22 Chapter 2: The Structure and Conceptual Plan of the Deuteronomistic History 24 Schematic Presentation 24 Description 27 Israel under Moses and Joshua 28 Israel from the J udges to the Monarchy 30 Israel under the Prophets and Kings 34 Part Two J ustification of the Reassessment Chapter 3: The Period of Israel under Moses and Joshua (Deut 1:1-Judg 2:10) 47 The Book of Deuteronomy 48 Deuteronomy 1-3 49 The Deuteronomic Code and DtrH 56 Josh 1:1-Judg 2:10 67 Joshua 1 67 Joshua 2-11 68 Joshua 12-22 71 Josh 23:1-Judg 2:10 75 Chapter 4: The Period of Israel from the Judges to the Monarchy (Judg 2:11-1 Sam 11:15) 82 Judg 2:11-3:6 82 Judg 3:7-1 Sam 7:17 88 Judges 13-16 94 Judges 17-21 97 Vill 1 Samuel 1-12 98 1 Samuel 8-12 109 1 Samuel 12 120 Chapter 5: The Period of Israel under the Prophets and Kings [A-1 Sam 13:1-1 Kgs 12:24] 129 1 Samuel 13-15 129 1 Samuel 16-1 Kings 2 131 2 Samuel 7 132 2 Samuel 8-1 Kings 2 139 1 Kings 3-12 143 1 Kgs 3: 1-10:29 143 1 Kgs3:1-15 145 1 Kgs 5:15-32 (RSV 5:1-18) 148 1 Kings 8 151 1 Kgs 8:14-53 153 1 Kgs 8:54-61 158 1 Kgs 9:1-10:29 159 1 Kgs 11:1-11:39 160 1 Kgs 11:29-39 163 1 Kgs 12:1-24 171 Chapter 6: The Period of Israel under the Prophets and Kings [B-1 Kgs 12:25-2 Kgs 20:21] 174 The Regnal Framework 180 The Nonhern Kings from Jeroboam to Hoshea 185 The House of J eroboam (J eroboam and Nadab) 186 The House of Baasha (Baasha and Elah) 192 The House of Ahab [Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehorma) 194 Jehu to Hoshea 204 2 Kings 17 208 Thc Davidic Kings from Rehoboam to Hczekiah 212 Thc Reign of Hezekiah '2 Kings 18-20) 220 Chaptcr 7: Tue Pcriod of Israel under the Prophcts and Kings [C-2 Kgs 21:1-23:23] 227 2 Kgs 21:1-18 (The Reign ofManasseh) 227 2 Kgs 21:19-26 (The Reign of Amon) 234 2 Kgs 22:1-23:30 (The Reign of Josiah) 235 2 Kgs 22:3-10 (Discovery of the Book of the Law) 238 2 Kgs 22:12-14 (The Delegation to Huldah) 243 2 Kgs 22: 15-20 (The Prophecy of Huldah) 244 2 Kgs 23:1-23:23 (Developments following Huldah's Prophccy) 249 2 Kgs 23: 1-3 (The Covenant Ceremony) 249 2 Kgs 23:4-20 (The Reform) 251 2 Kgs 23:21-23 (The Passover Celebration) 265 2 Kgs 23:24-30 266 2 Kgs 23:31-25:30 (The Last Four Kings of Judah) 268 IX Chapter 8: The Subsequent Redaction of the Deuteronomistic History 272 The First Stage of Subsequent dtr Redaction 272 The Second Stage of Subsequent dtr Redaction 273 Summary of the Second Stage 279 The Third Stage of Subsequent dtr Redaction 280 Summary of the Third Stage 282 Further Developments 283 Chaptcr 9: Conclusion 288 Bibliography of Works Cited 293 Selective Index of Biblical References 311 XI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This monograph is a revision of a doctoral thesis submitted to the Melbourne College of Divinity in 1987. The thesis was undertaken on a part-time basis, with a period spent on sabbatical leave at Yale Divinity School as a research fellow, and at the Ecole Biblique in Jerusalem. Throughout the composition of the thesis and its revision I have received much valuable advice and support from a number of people. First and foremost among these I owe a great debt to Dr. Antony Campbell S. J., who agreed to supervise the thesis, inviting me at the same time to join his seminar on Of Prophets and Kings in 1982. I gained immensely from his insights during this seminar, and from his ever patient and helpful supervision of the thesis as it slowly emerged over the years. Special thanks are due also to Professor Robert Wilson of Yale Divinity School who kindly undertook to act as supervisor during my time there. The Dominican community at St. Mary's Priory, New Haven, contributed much to making my time at Yale a memorable one. My stay in Jerusalem was all too brief, but I am grateful to the community of St. Etienne for their kindness and hospitality. I am very appreciative of the help I have received from colleagues at the Yarra Theological Union, and other Associated Teaching Institutions within the Melbourne College of Divinity, in particular Dr. Lawrence Mclntosh of the Joint Theological Library. The Australian and New Zealand Province of the Order of Preachers helped to fund my study leave, and I am grateful my confreres in the Province for their support throughout the enterprise. Much generous help has also come from my family. I have dedicated this book on behalf of them to my father. Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor Othmar Keel for accepting the manuscript for publication in the series Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis. XIII NOTE ON TEXTS AND CONVENTIONS USED Texts used in the preparation of this monograph were: Hebrew Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Edited by K. Elliger and W. Rudolph. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1977. Greek Septuaginta. 2 vols. Edited by A. Rahlfs. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1935. English The Revised Standard Version. The following abbreviations should be noted: DtrH = The Deuteronomistic History. DTR = The Deuteronomist, author of DtrH. Dtr = A subsequent deuteronomistic redactor. dtr = deuteronomistic. Verse halves are indicated by "a" and "b", and follow the major punctuation markers in the Hebrew. Subdivisions within a half verse are indicated by the Greek letters, a, ß, y, etc., and follow the secondary punctuation markers in theHebrew.
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