TRANSIT MODE PRIMER The Regional Tampa Bay Next is a program to modernize We’re committed to providing both financial and Tampa Bay’s transportation infrastructure and prepare technical support to our local partners in their pursuit for the future. FDOT is committed to a comprehensive of better transit services. To make a robust and reliable approach to transportation planning and development transit system a reality, the Tampa Bay community for an integrated, multimodal regional transportation must work together to reach a consensus on transit system. The program includes: improvement projects and develop a viable funding plan • Interstate Modernization to construct, operate and maintain the system. To get • Transit better transit services in our community, we must answer • Bicycle/Pedestrian Facilities one important question: Are we willing to pay for it? • Complete Streets • Transportation Innovation Transit Mode Characteristics • Freight Mobility Type of service provided: average distance of trip Tampa Bay’s complex transportation problems require Type of station: elevated, platform, shelter, on- comprehensive, multimodal solutions. With Tampa street, or park-and-ride Bay Next, FDOT’s interstate planning is fully integrated with transit planning. Spacing between stations: average distance between stations

How can Tampa Bay make transit a Operating speeds: average operating speeds (miles reality? per hour); affected by the number of stations, weight of the vehicle, incline, and number and degree of turns Transit is a locally supported service and any major transit improvements would require investment from Capacity: optimal capacity measured in passengers the local community. When you look at successful per hour; assumes or train arrives at a station every transit models across the , you see local 10 minutes, except aerial cable transit (3 minutes) and communities prioritizing funding for transit systems. (15 minutes) FDOT continues to be a funding partner for transit Corridor width: average width of corridor in feet; does services investing millions of dollars annually in the not include space for stations, may be wider at turns, Tampa Bay area. especially commuter rail

Turning radius required: average turning radii; may This primer describes the transit modes have a significant impact on right-of-way needed dependent on the transit mode being discussed as part of Tampa Bay Next.

Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 2017 | Page 1 Local bus service is provided by rubber tire vehicles on local streets. run on deisel, LOCAL BUS gasoline, battery, or alternative fuel. Service is provided on a repetitive, fixed-schedule along a specific route. Stops are close together to deliver and pick up passengers as close to their destinations or origins as possible, resulting in lower average speeds. are paid on-board and buses typically contain bicycle racks on the fronts of the vehicles.

Type of Service: Operating 10-45 Local Bus Short distance trips Speeds: MPH Type of Station: 10-65 Express Bus On-street, shelter, or transit center Capacity: 256-960MPH Local Bus (passengers/hour) Spacing Between Stations: 10-45 320-880MPH BRTExpress in Mixed Bus Traffic Generally 1/10 mile to 1/4 mile Corridor 24 FT Local Bus Examples: Width: 320-96010-65 BRT (in mixed traffic) PSTA in Pinellas County, FL (pictured); HART MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane in Hillsborough County, FL; PCPT in Pasco Turning Radius 480-1,440 BRT in Dedicated Lane County, FL Required: 35-4424-2810-30 FT FT AutonomousExpress Solutions Bus 160-2,000+MPH Autonomous Solutions 10-15 250-2,000+24-28MPH FT HeritageHeritageBRT Streetcar Streetcar EXPRESS BUS Express Bus is a commonly used in urban areas and typically intended to run faster than local bus service between commuter destination points. Express buses 30-65do800-4,800 not ModernModern Streetcar Streetcar make as many stops as local bus service and often take routes that are quicker,MPH such BRT in Dedicated Lane 24-28400-7,200 FT as freeways or dedicated toll lanes. Buses may operate out of lots20-60 and in some cases only run during rush hour in the peak direction. 10-45MPH Light Rail 600-4,500+MPH LocalCommuter Bus Rail 30-6030-40 FT Autonomous Solutions Type of Service: Operating 1,000-6,000+10-65MPH CommuterExpressHeavy BusRail Rail Medium and long distance trips Speeds: MPH 256-960 Local Bus 50-80800-6,000+ Elevated Rail Type of Station: 10-45MPH24-40 FT HeavyHeritage Rail Streetcar Capacity: BRT in Mixed Traffic On-street, shelter, or park and ride 320-880MPH ExpressLocal Bus Bus (passengers/hour) 600-2,400+24 FT High Speed Rail Spacing Between Stations: 40-70 10-65MPH Elevated Rail 320-960MPH24-40 FT BRTBRTModern in (inDedicated mixed Streetcar traffic) Lane Varies, generally more than 5 miles Corridor 320-1,200 Aerial Transit Examples: Width: 90-15024-28 FT Express Bus 10-30480-1,440MPH HighBRT Speed in Dedicated Rail Lane Tampa to Orlando Megabus (pictured); 400-2,400MPH AutonomousWater Solutions 40 FT Light Rail Tampa, FL; St. Petersburg, FL; Orlando, FL Turning Radius 160-2,000+10-45 Autonomous Solutions 24-2810-15MPH FT AerialBRT Transit Required: 44 FTMPH Heritage Streetcar 250-2,000+40- Heritage Streetcar Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle25-35 seated100 FT Commuter Rail capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii30-65MPH based on projectWater Ferry examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available 24-28uponMPH800-4,800 request. FT ModernModernBRT Streetcar inStreetcar Dedicated Lane

40- 20-60400-7,200100 FT LightHeavy Rail Rail MPH Light Rail 30-40 FT Autonomous Solutions 600-4,500+ Commuter Rail Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 201730-60 | Page40- 2 MPH 100 FTCommuterElevated Rail Rail 1,000-6,000+ Heavy Rail 24-40 FT Heritage Streetcar 50-80 Heavy Rail 800-6,000+MPH 100 Elevated Rail FT High Speed Rail 40-70 600-2,400+MPH24-40 FT ElevatedHighModern Speed Rail RailStreetcar

320-1,20090-15030 FT AerialAerial Transit Transit MPH High Speed Rail 40 FT Light Rail 400-2,400 Water Ferry 10-45Not MPHApplicable AerialWater Transit Ferry 40- 100 FT Commuter Rail 25-35 MPH Water Ferry

40- 100 FT Heavy Rail

40- 100 FT Elevated Rail

100 FT High Speed Rail

30 FT Aerial Transit

Not Applicable Water Ferry Bus has specialized design, branding, services, and infrastructure that improve quality of service and reduce delay. Vehicles may be given priority at 10-45 intersections. Off-board ticketing, low floor vehicles, and multiple doors allowMPH for faster Local Bus . This service aims to combine the capacity and speed of rail with the flexibility, 10-65 lower cost, and simplicity of a bus. MPH Express Bus

Type of Service: Operating 10-45 24 FT BRTLocal in Mixed Bus Traffic Short and medium distance trips Speeds: MPH 256-960 Local Bus Type of Station: 10-65 BRT in Dedicated Lane On-street, shelter, or platform Capacity: 320-880MPH Express Bus (passengers/hour) 24-28 FT Express Bus Spacing Between Stations: 320-96010-30 AutonomousBRT (in mixed Solutions traffic) 1/4 mile to 3 miles Corridor MPH 24-28 FT BRT Examples: Width: 480-1,44010-15 BRT in Dedicated Lane Los Angeles, CA (pictured); Las Vegas, NV; MPH Heritage Streetcar Charlotte, NC Turning Radius 160-2,000+ AutonomousBRT in Dedicated Solutions Lane Required: 44-7524-2830-65 FT FT Modern Streetcar 250-2,000+MPH Heritage Streetcar 20-60 BUS RAPID TRANSIT 10-45800-4,80030-40MPH FT LocalLightModernAutonomous Streetcar Solutions Bus Rapid Transit in a dedicated lane has the same characteristics as Bus MPHRapid IN DEDICATED LANE Transit, but vehicles run in their own lane dedicated to buses. This allows the30-60400-7,200 vehicles Light Rail 10-65MPH Commuter Rail to bypass congestion and makes the service more reliable and the time24-40MPH to FT ExpressHeritage Bus Streetcar 600-4,500+ Commuter Rail destinations more competitive compared to personal vehicles. 50-80 256-9602410-45MPH FT HeavyLocalLocal Rail Bus Bus 1,000-6,000+MPH BRTHeavy in MixedRail Traffic 24-40 FT Modern Streetcar Type of Service: Operating 320-88040-70 Express Bus 800-6,000+10-65MPH BRTElevatedElevated in Dedicated RailRail Lane Short and medium distance trips Speeds: 24-28MPH FT Express Bus 320-960 BRT (in mixed traffic) 600-2,400+90-15040 FT Light Rail Type of Station: 10-30MPH HighHigh Speed Speed RailRail On-street, shelter, or platform Capacity: MPH Autonomous Solutions (passengers/hour) 24-28480-1,440 FT BRTBRT in Dedicated Lane 320-1,20010-45 Aerial Transit Spacing Between Stations: 10-15MPH 40- Aerial Transit 160-2,000+MPH 100 FTHeritageAutonomousCommuter Streetcar Solutions Rail 1/4 mile to 3 miles Corridor 400-2,400 Water Ferry Width: 24-2825-35 FT BRT in Dedicated Lane Examples: 250-2,000+30-65MPH WaterHeritage Ferry Streetcar MPH 40- Modern Streetcar Eugene, OR (pictured); Los Angeles, CA; 100 FT Heavy Rail Cleveland, OH; , MA; Orlando, FL Turning Radius 800-4,800 Modern Streetcar 20-6030-40 FT Autonomous Solutions Required: 44-75MPH FT Light Rail 400-7,20040- Light Rail Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle seated100 FT Elevated Rail capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii30-60 based on project examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available 600-4,500+upon24-40MPH request. FT CommuterCommuterHeritage Rail Rail Streetcar 100 1,000-6,000+50-80 FT HeavyHigh Rail Speed Rail Photo Credit: Creative Solutions MPH Heavy Rail 800-6,000+24-40 FT ElevatedModern Rail Streetcar Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 201740-70 | Page 3 30MPH FT ElevatedAerial Rail Transit 600-2,400+ High Speed Rail 40 FT Light Rail 90-150 High Speed Rail 320-1,200MPHNot Aerial Transit Applicable Water Ferry 10-45 40- 400-2,400MPH 100 FTAerialWaterCommuter Transit Ferry Rail

25-35 MPH 40- Water Ferry 100 FT Heavy Rail

40- 100 FT Elevated Rail

100 FT High Speed Rail

30 FT Aerial Transit

Not Applicable Water Ferry 10-45 MPH Local Bus

AUTONOMOUS 10-65 MPH Express Bus Autonomous solutions are fully automated forms of transit with rubber-tire vehicles Local Bus RUBBER TIRE operating along a guideway. The most common application in the U.S. is at ,24 FT 10-45 BRT in Mixed Traffic such as Tampa International. These systems span a variety of designs, from256-960 subway-likeMPH Local Bus advanced rapid transit (ART) systems to smaller car-like vehicles known as group rapid 24-2810-65 FT Express Bus transit (GRT) with vehicles sized for around 20 passengers. 320-880MPH BRTExpress in Dedicated

Type of Service Provided: Operating 320-96010-30 BRT (in mixed traffic) 24-28 FT AutonomousBRT Solutions Short and medium distance trips Speeds: MPH 480-1,440 BRT in Dedicated Lane Type of Station: 10-15 Heritage Streetcar Platform or elevated platform Capacity: MPH (passengers/hour) 160-2,000+24-28 FT AutonomousBRT in Dedicated Solutions Lane Spacing Between Stations: 30-65 250-2,000+MPH ModernHeritage Streetcar Streetcar Varies, generally less then 1 mile Corridor 30-40 FT Autonomous Solutions Examples: Width: 20-60800-4,800 Modern Streetcar 10-45MPH Light Rail Heathrow , London (pictured); MPH Local Bus Metromover, Miami, FL; Tampa International Turning Radius 400-7,200 Light Rail Photo Credit: Creative Solutions 30-6024-40 FT Heritage Streetcar Airport, Tampa, FL Required: 35-7510-65MPH FT Commuter Rail MPH Express Bus 24600-4,500+ FT CommuterLocal Bus Rail 50-80 10-45 Heavy Rail 1,000-6,000+MPH24-40 FT BRTHeavyModern in Mixed Rail TrafficStreetcar Heritage Streetcar uses steel-tracked fixed guideways and electric-poweredMPH vehicles HERITAGE STREETCAR 256-96024-28 FT LocalExpress Bus Bus electrified by an overhead wire. Vehicles are typically restored from or replicas40-70800-6,000+ of early ElevatedElevated Rail Rail 10-65MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane 1900s vehicles. Service is often characterized as an urban circulator and consists320-880MPH40 FT of a ExpressLight BusRail single car or double car train operating on a city street. The track can run in600-2,400+ its own lane High Speed Rail 90-150 HighBRT Speed Rail or in a lane with vehicles. 320-96024-2810-30MPH FT AutonomousBRT (in mixed Solutions traffic) 320-1,200MPH 40- Aerial Transit 10-45 100 FT Commuter Rail Type of Service: Operating 480-1,440 AerialBRT Transitin Dedicated Lane 400-2,40010-15MPH HeritageWater FerryStreetcar Short distance trips Speeds: 24-28MPH FT BRT in Dedicated Lane 160-2,000+25-35 40- Autonomous Solutions Type of Station: 30-65MPH 100 FTWaterHeavy Ferry Rail On-street, shelter, or raised platform Capacity: MPH Modern Streetcar (passengers/hour) 250-2,000+30-40 FT HeritageAutonomous Streetcar Solutions Spacing Between Stations: 20-60 40- MPH800-4,800100 FTLightModernElevated Rail Streetcar Rail Generally 1/4 mile to 1 mile Corridor 24-40 FT Heritage Streetcar Examples: Width: 30-60400-7,200 Light Rail MPH 100Commuter Rail Tampa, FL (pictured); , LA; San FT High Speed Rail Francisco, CA; , PA Turning Radius 600-4,500+ Commuter Rail 50-80 Required: 40-50MPH24-40 FT FT HeavyModern Rail Streetcar 1,000-6,000+ Heavy Rail Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle30 FT seated Aerial Transit capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii40-70 based on project examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available 800-6,000+uponMPH40 FTrequest. ElevatedElevatedLight Rail Rail Not 600-2,400+90-150Applicable HighWater Speed Ferry Rail MPH High Speed Rail 40- 100 FT Commuter Rail 320-1,200 Aerial Transit Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 201710-45 | Page 4 MPH Aerial Transit 400-2,400 40- Water Ferry 25-35 100 FT Heavy Rail MPH Water Ferry

40- 100 FT Elevated Rail

100 FT High Speed Rail

30 FT Aerial Transit

Not Applicable Water Ferry 10-45 MPH Local Bus

10-65 24MPH FT ExpressLocal Bus Bus

10-45 MPH BRT in Mixed Traffic 24-28 FT Express Bus 256-96010-65 Local Bus MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane Modern Streetcar uses steel-tracked fixed guideways and electric-powered trains 320-880 ExpressBRT Bus MODERN STREETCAR often electrified by an overhead wire. Modern streetcar typically operates in 24-28a lane FTwith 10-30 Autonomous Solutions vehicles to fit easily into urban settings. Off-board ticketing, low floor vehicles,320-960MPH and BRT (in mixed traffic) multiple doors allow for faster boarding. Service operates as a single train and stations 24-2810-15 FT BRT in Dedicated Lane are spaced close together, typically every 1/4 mile. 480-1,440MPH HeritageBRT in DedicatedStreetcar Lane

Type of Service Provided: Operating 160-2,000+30-65 Autonomous Solutions 30-40 FT ModernAutonomous Streetcar Solutions Short and medium distance trips Speeds: MPH 250-2,000+ Heritage Streetcar Type of Station: 20-60 10-45MPH Light Rail Platform Capacity: MPH Local Bus (passengers/hour) 24-40800-4,800 FT ModernHeritage Streetcar Streetcar Spacing Between Stations: 30-60 Local Bus 10-65MPH24400-7,200 FT CommuterLight Rail Rail Approximately 1 mile Corridor MPH Express Bus 24-40 FT Modern Streetcar Examples: Width: 600-4,500+50-80 Commuter Rail 10-45MPH Heavy Rail Portland, OR (pictured); , TX; Atlanta, MPH24-28 FT BRT inExpress Mixed Traffic Bus GA; Salt Lake City, UT Turning Radius 1,000-6,000+ Heavy Rail 40-7040 FT Light Rail Required: 40-80256-96010-65MPH FTElevatedLocal Bus Rail MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane 800-6,000+24-28 FT ElevatedBRT Rail 90-150 320-880 40- HighExpress Speed Bus Rail 600-2,400+10-30MPH 100 FTAutonomousHighCommuter Speed SolutionsRail Rail Light Rail uses steel-tracked fixed guideways and electric-powered trains oftenMPH 320-960 BRT (in mixed traffic) LIGHT RAIL electrified by an overhead wire. Vehicles operate in their own lane and can operate10-4524-28 as FT BRT in Dedicated Lane 320-1,20010-15MPH AerialAerial Transit Transit MPH 40- Heritage Streetcar a single train or as multiple vehicles coupled together. Off-board ticketing, low480-1,440 floor 100 FT BRTHeavy in Dedicated Rail Lane vehicles, and multiple doors allow for faster boarding. The term “light rail”400-2,400 was25-35 coined to Water Ferry 30-65MPH30-40 FT WaterAutonomous Ferry Solutions convey the vehicle’s design, “..for light loads and fast movement.” 160-2,000+MPH ModernAutonomous Streetcar Solutions 40- 100 FT Elevated Rail 250-2,000+ Heritage Streetcar Type of Service Provided: Operating 20-60 Light Rail Short, medium, and long distance trips Speeds: MPH24-40 FT Heritage Streetcar 800-4,800100 Modern Streetcar Type of Station: 30-60 FT High Speed Rail Capacity: MPH Commuter Rail Platform 400-7,200 (passengers/hour) 24-40 FT LightModern Rail Streetcar Spacing Between Stations: 50-80 30600-4,500+MPH FT HeavyCommuterAerial Rail Transit Rail Approximately 1 mile Corridor 40 FT Light Rail Examples: Width: 1,000-6,000+40-70 Heavy Rail MPHNot Elevated Rail Phoenix, AZ (pictured); , CO; San Applicable Water Ferry Diego, CA; St. Louis, MO; Seattle, WA Turning Radius 800-6,000+40- Elevated Rail 90-150 100 FT Required: 50-100MPH FTHigh CommuterSpeed Rail Rail 600-2,400+ High Speed Rail Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle seated capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii10-45 based on project MPH 40- Aerial Transit examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available320-1,200 upon request.100 FT AerialHeavy Transit Rail 25-35 400-2,400MPH WaterWater Ferry Ferry 40- 100 FT Elevated Rail Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 2017 | Page 5 100 FT High Speed Rail

30 FT Aerial Transit

Not Applicable Water Ferry 10-45 24MPH FT LocalLocal Bus Bus

10-65 MPH Express Bus 24-28 FT Express Bus 10-45 MPH BRT in Mixed Traffic 24-28 FT BRT 10-65 MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane 256-960 Local Bus

24-2810-30 FT BRT in Dedicated Lane 320-880MPH AutonomousExpress Bus Solutions

320-96010-15 BRT (in mixed traffic) MPH30-40 FT HeritageAutonomous Streetcar Solutions 480-1,440 BRT in Dedicated Lane 30-65 Heavy Rail is powered by electricity that runs through a rail below the vehicle.MPH The Modern Streetcar 160-2,000+ Autonomous Solutions HEAVY RAIL electric rail requires it to operate exclusive from other vehicles to protect riders24-40 from FT Heritage Streetcar 20-60 the electrical current. Heavy rail operates in 2 to 12 car trains and has a larger2410-45MPH carrying FT LightLocal Rail Bus 250-2,000+MPH LocalHeritage Bus Streetcar capacity than light rail and modern streetcar. Off-board ticketing, low floor vehicles, and multiple doors allow for faster boarding. 30-6024-40800-4,800 FT ModernModern Streetcar Streetcar 10-65MPH Commuter Rail 24-28MPH FT ExpressExpress Bus Bus Type of Service: Operating 50-80400-7,200 Light Rail 10-45MPH40 FT HeavyLight Rail Rail Short and medium distance trips Speeds: MPH BRT in Mixed Traffic 24-28600-4,500+ FT CommuterBRT Rail Type of Station: 40-70 Platform or elevated platform Capacity: 10-65MPH 40- ElevatedBRT in Dedicated Rail Lane (passengers/hour) 1,000-6,000+MPH 100 FT HeavyCommuter Rail Rail 256-960 Local Bus Spacing Between Stations: 90-15024-28 FT BRT in Dedicated Lane Varies, generally 1 to 5 miles 800-6,000+10-30MPH HighElevated Speed Rail Rail Corridor MPH 40- Autonomous Solutions 320-880 100 FT ExpressHeavy Bus Rail Examples: Width: 600-2,400+10-45 High Speed Rail 10-15MPH Aerial Transit Miami, FL (pictured); Atlanta, GA; Chicago, IL; 320-96030-40MPH FT HeritageBRTAutonomous (in Streetcar mixed traffic) Solutions Baltimore, MD Turning Radius 320-1,200 40- Aerial Transit 25-35 100 FT Elevated Rail Required: 330 FT480-1,440 Water Ferry 30-65MPH ModernBRT in Streetcar Dedicated Lane 400-2,40024-40MPH FT WaterHeritage Ferry Streetcar 160-2,000+100 Autonomous Solutions 20-60 FT High Speed Rail is powered by electricity that runs through a rail below or above MPHthe vehicle.Light Rail Elevated Rail 250-2,000+ Heritage Streetcar ELEVATED RAIL The electric rail requires it to operate exclusive from other vehicles and elevated24-40 above FT Modern Streetcar 30-60 the street on a viaduct or other structure to protect riders from the electrical current.30MPH800-4,800 FT The CommuterModernAerial Streetcar RailTransit technology has a larger carrying capacity than light rail and modern streetcar. Off-board 50-8040400-7,200 FT LightLight Rail Rail ticketing, low floor vehicles, and multiple doors allow for faster boarding. MPH Heavy Rail Not Applicable Water Ferry 600-4,500+ Commuter Rail Type of Service Provided: Operating 40-70 40- 100 FTElevated Rail Short and medium distance trips Speeds: MPH Commuter Rail 1,000-6,000+ Heavy Rail Type of Station: 90-150 High Speed Rail Elevated Platform Capacity: 800-6,000+MPH 40- (passengers/hour) 100 FT ElevatedHeavy Rail Rail Spacing Between Stations: 10-45 600-2,400+ Varies, generally 1/4 to 1 mile MPH AerialHigh Transit Speed Rail Corridor 40- 100 FT Elevated Rail Examples: Width: 320-1,20025-35 Aerial Transit Las Vegas, NV (pictured); Seattle, WA; MPH Water Ferry Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; , Canada Turning Radius 400-2,400 100 Water Ferry Required: 200-330 FT High Speed Rail

Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle seated capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii based on project examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available 30upon FT request. Aerial Transit

Not Applicable Water Ferry Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 2017 | Page 6 10-45 MPH Local Bus 24 FT Local Bus 10-65 MPH Express Bus 24-28 FT Express Bus 10-45 MPH BRT in Mixed Traffic

24-2810-65 FT BRT 256-960MPH BRTLocal in Dedicated Bus Lane

320-88010-30 AutonomousExpress Bus Solutions 24-28MPH FT BRT in Dedicated Lane 320-960 BRT (in mixed traffic) 2410-15 FT Local Bus 10-45 Heritage Streetcar Commuter Rail consists of a traditional locomotive pulling several passengerMPH rail MPH480-1,440 LocalBRT Bus in Dedicated Lane COMMUTER RAIL cars. Commuter rail is a regional service that primarily operates between a city30-40 center, FT Autonomous Solutions 30-65 the suburbs, and commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers24-2810-65MPH of FT ModernExpress Streetcar Bus 160-2,000+MPH ExpressAutonomous Bus Solutions commuters. The Federal Rail Administration allows the operation of commuter rail 24-40 FT Heritage Streetcar vehicles on active freight lines with appropriate safety measures in place. 250-2,000+20-60 10-45MPH LightHeritage Rail Streetcar 24-28MPH FT BRTBRT in Mixed Traffic 800-4,800 Modern Streetcar Type of Service Provided: Operating 30-60 Commuter Rail Medium and long distance trips Speeds: 10-65MPH24-40 FT BRTModern in Dedicated Streetcar Lane MPH400-7,200 LightBRT Rail in Dedicated Lane Type of Station: 24-28 FT 256-96050-80 Local Bus Platform Capacity: 10-30MPH Heavy Rail (passengers/hour) 600-4,500+MPH40 FT AutonomousCommuterLight Rail RailSolutions 320-880 Spacing Between Stations: 40-7030-40 FT ExpressAutonomous Bus Solutions 2 miles to 5 miles or more 1,000-6,000+10-15MPH ElevatedHeavy RailRail Corridor MPH 40- Heritage Streetcar 320-960 100 FT BRTCommuter (in mixed traffic) Rail Examples: Width: 90-150800-6,000+ Elevated Rail SunRail, Orlando, FL (pictured); Denver, CO; 30-65MPH24-40 FT HighHeritage Speed Rail Streetcar MPH480-1,440 ModernBRT in Streetcar Dedicated Lane Long Island, NY; Chicago, IL Turning Radius 600-2,400+40- High Speed Rail 140-46010-45 FT100 FT Heavy Rail Required: 160-2,000+20-60MPH AerialAutonomous Transit Solutions 320-1,200MPH Light Rail 24-40 FT AerialModern Transit Streetcar 250-2,000+25-35 40- Heritage Streetcar 400-2,40030-60MPH 100 FTWaterWaterElevated Ferry Ferry Rail operates significantly faster than traditional rail transit. It is MPHdesigned Commuter Rail High Speed Rail 800-4,800 Modern Streetcar HIGH SPEED RAIL to travel long distances at high speeds to connect major urban centers and therefore40 FT has Light Rail 50-80 100Heavy Rail few stations and specialized tracks dedicated to the service. MPH400-7,200FT LightHigh Rail Speed Rail 40- 40-70600-4,500+100 FT CommuterCommuter Rail Rail MPH Elevated Rail 30 FT Aerial Transit 1,000-6,000+ Type of Service: Operating 90-150 40- Heavy Rail Very long distance trips Speeds: MPH 100 FTHighHeavy Speed RailRail 800-6,000+Not Elevated Rail Type of Station: 10-45Applicable Water Ferry Platform Capacity: MPH 40- Aerial Transit (passengers/hour) 600-2,400+100 FT HighElevated Speed Rail Rail Spacing Between Stations: 25-35 Intercity (one station per major urban area) 320-1,200MPH WaterAerial Ferry Transit Corridor 100 FT High Speed Rail Examples: Width: 400-2,400 Water Ferry Germany Intercity Express (pictured); California (planned) Turning Radius Required: 1-2 miles30 FT Aerial Transit

Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle seated capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii basedNot on project examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available uponApplicable request. Water Ferry

Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 2017 | Page 7 24 FT Local Bus 10-45 MPH Local Bus 24-28 FT Express Bus 10-65 MPH Express Bus

24-2810-45 FT BRT MPH BRT in Mixed Traffic

10-65 24-28MPH FT BRTBRT in Dedicated in Dedicated Lane Lane

256-96010-30 Local Bus MPH Autonomous Solutions 30-40 FT Autonomous Solutions 320-88010-15 Express Bus MPH Heritage Streetcar 320-960 BRT (in mixed traffic) 24-40 FT Heritage Streetcar 30-65 Modern Streetcar 480-1,440MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane 20-60 160-2,000+MPH24-40 FT LightAutonomousModern Rail StreetcarSolutions 24 FT Local Bus 250-2,000+30-60 Heritage Streetcar 10-45MPH Commuter Rail MPH40 FT LocalLight Bus Rail 800-4,800 Modern Streetcar 24-2850-80 FT Express Bus is used to shuttle passengers between destinations separated by10-65MPH large waterHeavy Rail Water Ferry MPH400-7,20040- ExpressLight Rail Bus WATER FERRY bodies. Vessels vary in size from small water taxis to large high speed and carry100 FT Commuter Rail 40-70 passengers and/or automobiles and cargo. Service typically consists of only point-to-24-2810-45600-4,500+MPH FT ElevatedCommuterBRT Rail Rail MPH BRT in Mixed Traffic point trips with no stops in between. This form of transit is affected by weather and sea40- 1,000-6,000+90-150 100 FT HeavyHeavy Rail Rail conditions and may not be able to operate during fog, high winds, or choppy 10-65conditions.MPH High Speed Rail 24-28MPH FT BRTBRT in Dedicated in Dedicated Lane Lane 800-6,000+ Elevated Rail Type of Service: Operating 10-45 40- 100 FTAerialElevated Transit Rail Medium and long distance trips Speeds: 256-96010-30MPH AutonomousLocal Bus Solutions 600-2,400+MPH 30-40 FT HighAutonomous Speed Rail Solutions Type of Station: 320-88025-35 WaterExpress Ferry Bus Dock or slip Capacity: 320-1,20010-15MPH 100 Aerial Transit (passengers/hour) MPH FT HeritageHigh Streetcar Speed Rail Spacing Between Stations: 320-960 BRT (in mixed traffic) 400-2,40024-40 FT WaterHeritage Ferry Streetcar Varies greatly, generally more than 1 mile 30-65 Modern Streetcar Corridor 480-1,440MPH BRT in Dedicated Lane Examples: Width: 30 FT Aerial Transit Tampa/St. Petersburg, FL (pictured); Boston, 20-60 160-2,000+MPH24-40 FT LightAutonomousModern Rail StreetcarSolutions Photo Credit: ABC Action News MA; New York, NY; Newport, RI Turning Radius Not not applicableApplicable Water Ferry Required: 250-2,000+30-60 CommuterHeritage StreetcarRail MPH40 FT Light Rail 800-4,800 Modern Streetcar AERIAL CABLE 50-80 consists of passenger cabins suspended on cables. TheMPH fixed Heavy Rail Aerial Cable Transit 400-7,20040- Light Rail TRANSIT cables provide support for the cabins while an electric motor moves the cable. This form100 FT Commuter Rail 40-70 Photo Credit: Terri Oda of transit is not a continuous corridor but instead is limited to the footprint of600-4,500+MPH the cable ElevatedCommuter Rail Rail support poles and station areas. Alignments are linear or straight with direction changes40- 1,000-6,000+90-150 100 FT HeavyHeavy Rail Rail occurring at stations and/or special angle mechanisms. MPH High Speed Rail 800-6,000+ Elevated Rail Type of Service Provided: Operating 10-45 40- 100 FTAerial Transit Local trips Speeds: MPH Elevated Rail 600-2,400+ High Speed Rail Type of Station: 25-35 Water Ferry Elevated platform Capacity: 320-1,200MPH 100 Aerial Transit (passengers/hour) FT High Speed Rail Spacing Between Stations: 400-2,400 Water Ferry Generally 1/2 mile to 1 mile Corridor Examples: Width: 30 FT Aerial Transit Portland, OR (pictured); New York, NY; Telluride, CO; La Paz, Bolivia; Medellin, Turning Radius Not Water Ferry Columbia Required: 0 FT Applicable

Average speed information based on project examples and provided by the American Public Transit Association; Vehicle seated capacity based on manufacturer specifications, references available upon request; Corridor width and turning radii based on project examples as provided by the Federal Transit Administration and manufacturer specifications, references available upon request.

Tampa Bay Next | Transit Modes Primer October 2017 | Page 8