FINAL REPORT Table of Contents 1.0 Project Background and Conceptualization 1-1 3.10 Conclusions of the Economic Development Impact Assessment 3-31 1.1 Summary of Recent Planning Efforts 1-2 4.0 Ridership Estimation 4-1 1.2 Study Format 1-2 4.1 Background 4-2 1.3 Development Context 1-3 4.2 Methodology 4-2 1.4 Case Study Summaries 1-4 4.3 Regional Mode Analysis Results 4-8 2.0 Preliminary Screening of Conceptual Alignments 2-1 4.4 Impact of Added Innovation Square Development 4-9 2.1 Identification of Initial Streetcar Corridors 2-2 4.5 Summary Insights on Ridership 4-9 2.2 Assessment Criteria and Analysis 2-6 4.6 Potential Local Bus Service Modification 4-10 2.3 Preliminary Screening - Summary Results and Preferred 5.0 Vehicle Technology Assessment 5-1 Conceptual Alignment 2-7 5.1 Introduction to Streetcar Vehicles 5-2 3.0 Economic Development Assessment 3-1 5.2 Current Trends in Streetcar Vehicles 5-2 3.1 City of Gainesville: Overview 3-2 5.3 Streetcar Vehicles - Features and Technology 5-3 3.2 Route Alternatives / Preferred Conceptual Alignment 3-7 5.4 Sample of Streetcar Vehicles 5-10 3.3 Expert / Institutional Studies Influencing the Streetcar Models 3-8 5.5 Vehicle Considerations for Gainesville 5-16 3.4 Calculation Methodologies 3-11 6.0 Operating Plan 6-1 3.5 Summary of Findings 3-16 6.1 Introduction 6-2 3.6 Summary of Comparison of the Base Model and Streetcar 6.2 Service Span and Days of Service 6-2 Models Results 3-17 6.3 Service Frequencies and Travel Times 6-2 3.7 Incremental Property Tax Revenue/Tax Increment Financing 3-17 6.4 Fleet Size 6-3 3.8 Transit Special Service District Revenue 3-29 6.5 Vehicle Type 6-3 3.9 Job Creation 3-30 6.6 Passenger Fare Assumptions 6-3 7.0 Cost Estimates 7-1 7.1 Capital Cost Estimates 7-2 7.2 Operating Cost Estimates 7-7 8.0 Funding Assessment 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-2 8.2 Capital Operating Cost Estimates 8-2 8.3 Review of Potential Funding Sources for a Streetcar System 8-2 8.4 Conclusion 8-7 9.0 Conclusions 9-1 9.1 Background and Study Elements 9-2 9.2 Streetcar Next Steps 9-2 Appendix A - Preliminary Screening Analysis A-1 Appendix B - Summary of Existing Utilities B-1 Appendix C - Economic Development Model Assumptions Table C-1 Appendix D - Capital Cost Summary Tables D-1 Page left blank intentionally. City of Gainesville Streetcar Feasibility Study Chapter 1: Project Background and Conceptualization FINAL REPORT 1 | City of Gainesville Streetcar Conceptual Study 1.1 Introduction 2.0 Preliminary Screening of Conceptual Alignments - This chapter includes a description of the preliminary screening process, and the introduction of The Gainesville Regional Transit System (RTS) contracted with Tindale-Oliver & the preferred conceptual alignment. Associates, Inc., to complete a Streetcar Feasibility Study to assess the potential viability of implementing a streetcar system to connect three major activity 3.0 Economic Development Assessment - This chapter includes a detailed centers within the urban core of the City of Gainesville. These centers include the economic analysis that examines the potential benefits of implementing a University of Florida (UF), Innovation Square(, and Downtown Gainesville streetcar system. (including the Rosa Parks Transfer Center). As described in Section 1.4 later in 4.0 Ridership Estimate - This chapter includes a ridership range estimate for this Chapter, development of a streetcar has been considered by as one potential the streetcar system. premium transit solutions as Gainesville continues to grow and develop. 5.0 Vehicle Technology Assessment - This chapter includes background on 1.2 Study Format the different types of streetcar vehicle technology currently available. The purpose of the Streetcar Feasibility Study is to provide technical data and 6.0 Proposed Operating Plan - This Chapter contains an assumed cursory information, along with a sketch-level operating concept, that can be used by the operating plan including hours of operation, headway, and an estimate of City’s elected officials to make an informed decision about the viability of a future vehicles needed, to be used subsequently in the estimation of potential costs. streetcar implementation in Gainesville. Thus, the results of this effort will 7.0 Cost Estimates - This chapter includes an estimate of capital and provide an advanced starting point for the development of more detailed ongoing operating costs for the system based on the proposed operating recommendations concerning system alignment, operational characteristics, plan. vehicle acquisition, and implementation should a decision be made to move 8.0 Funding and Financing - This chapter includes a listing of current forward with such a modal implementation. potential funding sources for both capital and operating expenses that could Despite the conceptual nature of this feasibility examination, it includes an overall be used to support the implementation of a streetcar system. assessment of what the potential costs/benefits of a future streetcar system 9.0 Conclusions and Recommendations - This chapter includes a brief could be, and allows for officials to gain a more objective understanding of all conclusion along with some potential next steps for consideration moving aspects of such an implementation. forward. The study is broken down into nine chapters covering many different facets of In addition to the chapters listed above, there are three appendices that include streetcar development and operation. The chapter names and short descriptions additional background information related to the study. These include the are listed below: following: 1.0 Project Background and Conceptualization - This chapter includes a Appendix A - Preliminary Screening Analysis brief description of the project background, planning context, and system case studies from around the United States. Appendix B - Summary of Existing Utilities 1-2 | City of Gainesville Streetcar Feasibility Study Appendix C– Economic Development Model Assumptions Table Appendix D - Capital Cost Summary Tables 1.3 Development Context As discussed in more detail in Chapter 3 the University of Florida, (UF) City of Gainesville, Alachua County, and other agencies and organizations have been working to transform the urban core of Gainesville into one that supports diverse public/private sector employment and a significant residential population. There have been a number of initiatives focused on encouraging this type of growth and, in recent years, focused infrastructure investments have served as the impetus for significant infill and redevelopment between UF and Downtown Gainesville. These public/private sector investments are setting the stage for an urban transformation unlike anything that has been experienced in Gainesville, and the impacts to existing transportation and transit infrastructure could be significant. It is within this future development context, not within the existing development context, that a streetcar is being considered in Gainesville. The development of a streetcar system from feasibility study to operation can, under a best case scenario, take 8-10 years to implement. Wherever possible, efforts were made in this study to reflect this time lag, in order to accommodate the expected growth and change in the various analyses. More background on the projected development expected within the urban core can be found in Chapter 3. of this report, the final recommendation had not been adopted yet by the City . City of Gainesville Streetcar Feasibility Study | 1-3 1.4 Case Study Summaries Table 1-1: Streetcar Systems in North America An important step in developing any transit system is understanding the Operating experiences of similar systems. This is particularly important in the case of Seattle, WA New Orleans, LA streetcar systems, as they have only recently begun to be implemented in cities across the United States. Portland, OR Kenosha, WI Interest in urban streetcar systems, whether using authentic, reconditioned Tacoma, WA Tampa, FL vintage streetcars, new vehicles that are replicas of original streetcars, or modern San Francisco, CA Philadelphia, PA trams, is growing and continuing to receive financial support from federal, state, Dallas, TX Lowell, MA and local funding sources. Memphis, TN Boston, MA Increasingly, many of these same communities are engaged in the pursuit of Little Rock, AR Toronto, Canada regional solutions to mobility, including express bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), light Under Construction rail, and commuter rail. The City of Gainesville falls in that category, with its Tucson, AZ Cincinnati, OH current study of a new BRT/Premium Bus system. Salt Lake City, UT St. Louis, MO The development of new streetcar systems within the U.S. has been a fairly Atlanta, GA Washington, DC recent phenomenon, as communities have begun to recognize the transportation Charlotte, NC Ft. Lauderdale, FL and economic development advantages of these systems. The new systems have continued to evolve, and where many of the early adopters (Memphis, Planned / Committed Tampa, Little Rock) chose to use vintage or vintage-replica rolling stock, with the Sacramento, CA Detroit, MI exception of St. Louis, Missouri, all of the systems currently under construction are using modern tram cars. Milwaukee, WI (Source: Infrastructurist) The list in Table 1-1 provides a status for streetcar systems in North America From this list, a total of five streetcar systems were selected as case studies in Potential case studies were also identified in cities and/or metropolitan areas order to provide background information relevant to the proposed system in more comparable in size to Gainesville, and cursory information was gathered Gainesville. These five systems include Little Rock, Arkansas; Tampa and Ft. about the following systems: Lauderdale, Florida; Portland, Oregon; and Tucson, Arizona. These case studies Kenosha, Wisconsin were chosen for their unique characteristics that are relevant to the study of a potential streetcar system in Gainesville.