1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 24, ·
SENATE. ena~tment of legislation. intended to _destrqy the prese~t system of ticket brokerage; whtch were referred to the Committee on THURSDAY, June 24, 1897. Interstate Comnierce. . Mr. TURPIE presented a petition of sundry citizens of Kemp The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. ton, Ind., praying for the enactment of protective-tariff legisla Prayer by Rev. HUGH JOHNSTON, D. D., of the city of Wash tion, at the earliest possible date, such as will adequately secure ington. American industrial products against the competition of foreign The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro labor; which was ordered to lie on the table. · ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. CHILTON, and by unanimous Mr. TELLER presented the memorial of S. R. Crawford and 51 consent, the further reading was dispensed with. other citizens of Colorado, remonstrating against the enactment PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. of legislation intended to destroy the presen·t system of ticket brokerage; which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Mr. CHANDLER presented thememorial of H. A. Jandt and 51 Commerce. . other citizens of Iowa, .of E. R. Spaulding and 50 other citizens of Mr. SPOONER. The Senator from illinois [Mr. CuLLOM] is Iowa, of J. Commody and 52 other citizens of New 1\!exico, of B. J. absent, ill. I have just received a note from him asking me to Lohman and 52 other citizens of New Mexico, and of E. G. Ross present to the Senate, for him and on his behalf, a number of me and 52 other citizens of New :Mexico, remonstrating against the morials, one of which I send to the desk. and the others are at the enactment of legislation intended to destroy the present system of end of the desk, bearing the names of 103.079 citizens of illinois, ticket brokerage; which were referred to the Committee on Inter remonstrating against the proposed increase of the tax upon beer. state Commerce. I move that the memorials lie on the table. Mr. ELKINS presented sundry memorials of citizens of West The motion was agreed to. Virginia, remonstrating against the enactment of legislation in Mr. LODGE presented a petition of sundry manufacturers of tended to destroy the present system of ticket brokerage; which Massachusetts, praying for a continuance of the Hawaiian reci were referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. procity treaty; which was 1·eferred to the Committee on Foreign Mr. PLATT of New York. I present a petition of the Manu Relations. facturers' Association of Kings and Queens Counties, N.Y., in He a lso presented memorials of the United Shoe Company and reference to the tariff bill. I should like to have the body of the 52 other manufacturing firms of Massachusetts; of P. S. Went petition read. . worth and 52 other citizens of Massachusetts, and of 101 citizens ·Mr. ALLEN. Is it proposed to place the petition in the RECORD? of Massachusetts, remonstrating against the enactment of legisla Mr. PLATT of New York. It is very short; it will take but a tion intended to cj.estroy the present system of ticket brokerage; moment. which were referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. Mr. ALLEN. I shall object to its going into the RECORD, unless Mr. WELLINGTON presented the memorial of S. B. Smith and it be a communication from some legislative body or an executive 52 other citizens of Maryland, remonstrating against the enact communication. It is contrary to the rule. ment of legislation intended to destroy the present system of Mr. PLATT of New York. It is a petition urging the prompt ticket brokerage; which was referred to the Committee on Inter pass~ge of the tariff bill. state Commerce. Mr. ALLEN. But it is contrary to the rule of the Senate to BILLS INTRODUCED. incorporate petitions and memorials of such a character in the RECORD. Mr. ELKINS introduced a bill (S. 2266) .for the relief of Elijah Mr. GALLINGER. The Senator from New York can state the M. Hart; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the substance of it and get it into the RECORD in that way. Committee on Claims. Mr. ALLEN. The Senator can of course make a brief state- Mr. FAIRBANKS introduced · a bill (S. 2267) removing the ment of the·petition, but he has no right to read it himself. · charge of desertion from the name of ·Pollard Anderson, of Bur- Mr. PLATT of New York. Mr. President, the legislative c9m- ney, Decatur County, Ind., who served as a private in Company mittee of the Manufacturers' Association of Kings and Queens H, Nineteenth Indiana Infantry Volunteers, and also as a private Counties, N. Y., respectfully beg to call the attention of the in Company B, Tenth Kansas Infant1·y Volunteers; which was Senate to the fact that the business interests of that community read twice by its title, and. with the accompanying papers, re- are seriously crippled by the uncertainty and delay in the enact- ferred to the Committee on Military Affairs. . ment of a tariff law. They earnestly request that immediate and He also introduced a bill (S. 2268) granting a pension to Israel effective action be taken by the Senate, in order that the present P. Hill; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom uncertainty be removed and that the business of the country be panying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. permitted to revive. · Mr. ALLEN. I introduce a Lill and ask that it may be read at The VICE-PRESIDENT. The petition will lie on the table. · length and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- Mr. PLATT of New York presented sundry memorials of citi- Roads. · zens of New York, remonstrating against the enactment of legi..c;.. The bill (S. 2269) to further regulate the postal service of the lation intended to destroy the present system of ticket brokerage; United States, and for other purposes, was read the first time by which were referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. its title and the second time at length, and referred to the Com- Mr. FAIRBANKS presented the petition of L. W. Vance and mittee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, as follows: 80 other citizens of New Albany, Ind., praying for the enactment Be it enacted. etc. • That beginning with the fiscal year A. D. 1897, it shall of protective-tariff legislation at the earliest possible date, such as be the duty of the Postmaster-General to furnish all post-offices and subpost- '11 .::~ t ly secu1·e Ainert'can industrial products against the offices in the Unit~d States with the necessary boxes, tables, chairs, and other WI anequa e furniture proper and convenient for the transaction of the busine <~ s of such competition of foreign labor; which was ordered to lie on the table. post-office or subpost-office, at the expense of the Government, and in doing Mr. SMITH presented sundry petitions of citizens of Elizabeth. so he is hereby authorized and directed to have appraised all such boxes Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, Kearney, Passaic, Rahway, and tables, chairs, and other furniture now in use in Raid offices, respectively. and Hudso:1 County, all in the State of New Jersey, remonstrating fi~;::~~e:he same, if in condition suita~le for ~e, a.t a fair price, for con· against the proposed increase of the tax on beer; which were or- dered to lie on the table. Mr. CAFFERY (by request) introduced the following bills; He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of Wareton, Sea- which were severally read twice by their ti ties, and referred to the bright, Seaside, Paulsboro, and South Amboy, all in the State of Committee on Claims: · New Jersey, praying for the enactment of legislation for a more A bill (S. 2270) for the relief of the estate of Samuel N. White, 1igid restriction of immigration; which were ordered to lie on the deceased, late of West Feliciana Parish, La.; table. A hi.ll (S. 2271) for the relief of Lemuel Tanner, of Lafourche He also presented memorials of Jphn R. Potts, Johnson & Mur- Pari&h, La.; phy, of Newark; the Middlesex Shoe Company, of New B1·uns- A bill {S. 2272) for the relief of the estate of F. 0. Darly, late wick; Harry Chandler, of Vineland; G. & L. Becht, of Newark, of Vermilion Pa~·ish, La.; and the A. Lenz Company, all in the State of New Jersey, r emon- A bill (S. 2273) for the relief of Mrs. E. R. Allen, of West Car- strating against any increase in the presentrateof duty on tanned roll Parish, La.; · skin!:) for morocco or a duty on raw goatskins; which were ordered I A bill (S. 2274) for the relief of Belote Auguste Donato; to lie on the table. A bill (S. 2275) for the relief of the estate of Jean Delille, late Mr. MURPHY presented a petition of 37 citizens of New York of Winn Parish, La.; City, and the petition of 16 citizens of New York City, praying A bill (S. 2276) for relief of heirs of Auguste Donato; for the early passage of the pending tariff bill; which were A bill (S. 2277) for the relief of Mary C. Daigre, East Baton ordered to lie on the table. Rouge, La.; and H e also presented the memorial of Peter A. Wilkinson and 7 A bill (S. 2278) for the relief of the estate of Hypolite Chretien, other citizens of New York, and the memorial of F. W. Collom deceased, late of New Orleans, La. and 19 other citizens of New York, remonstrating against the Mr. VEST intro~uced a bill (S: 2279) to increase the pension of
·- 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1963
Mary B. Morgan; which was read twice by its title, and referred in my judgment lobbying is not going on to any greater extent to the Committee on Pensions. around the Senate Chamber at this moment than it has been for Mr. BAKER introduced a bill (S. 2280) granting a pension to the last four years. Andrew M. Uallaham; which was read twice by ita title, aud re Three years ago I introduced a bill and had it referred to the ferred to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on the Judiciary making it a crime punishable by im Mr. KENNEY introduced a bill (S. 2281) to remove the charge prisonment in the penitentiary for any man to come upon the of desertion from the record of John R. Scaggs; which was read Capitol Grounds for the purpose of plying the vocation of a lobby twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Af ist. Lobbying was going on then. At that time there was pend fairs. ing before this body a measure known as the pooling bill and Mr. LODGE (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2282) for there other measures that called forth lobbyists from all sections of the tirement of Government employees in the classified civil service; country. It could not have escaped the attention of the Senator which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee from Maine that lobbying of that character was going on. Why, on Civil Service and Retrenchment. not only amend the rule, but introduce a bill h ere and pass it mak He also introduced a bill (S. 2283) granting a pension to Theo ing it a .crime for any human being that is compos mentis to come phila A. Dauphin; which was read twice by its title, and referred upon these gronnds and importune Senators or Representatives to the Committ~e on Pensions. respecting the discharge of their duties. :Mr. HALE. I do not know that I would object to that. I am AMENDMENTS TO DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL. not seeking any such drastic measure. I have more in view the Mr. ALLEN, from the Committee on Privileges and Elections, calling of the attention of the Senate to this subject than anything reported an amendment intended to be proposed to the general de else. I do not say that I would oppose such a measure as the Sen ficiency appropriation bill; which was referred to the Committee ator suggests; or anything that will relieve us of the importunities on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. of the lobby. I think it should be guarded. Mr. MORGAN submitted an amendment intended to be pro I may say, and I think I may say with some confidence that I posed by him to the general deficiency appropriation bill: which, will be borne out by Senators, that the intervention, the solicita with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Committee on tion, and the importunities of the lobby, whether on this floor or Appropriations. elsewhere, are of no. avail to the interests that they claim to rep PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR. resent. The Senator himself knows that if a constituent of his has a measure here in which he is interested, the Senator will at Mr. HALE. I present a notice proposing an amendment to tend to it faithfully, early and late, .and that that -constituent is Rule XXXIII, r elating to the privileges of the floor of the Senate, not in any way benefited, but is .rather harmed, by the employ- which I ask may be read. ment of an attorney to represent his case. _ The Secretary read as follows: Mr. WHITE. Will the Senator from Maine allow me to ask Notice is hl'>reby given that the following amendment will be proposed to him a question? Will it not be found in practice very difficult Rule XXXill of the Senate, relating to the privilege of the floor, to wit: In thn.t clause of said rule which admits certain person3 to the floor of tho Senate to limit the character of the convarsation of ex--Senators who come while in session, relating to ex-Senators and Sena.to1;s-elect, after the word upon this floor? If they are inhibited from talking about current "ex-Senators." to insert t-he following: business, I presume they will avoid it, but it seems to me that "Who nre not interested in any claim or in t-he prosecution of the same, or directly in any bill pending before Congress." - practically it will be rather difficult to limit the character of the The purpose of the proposed amendment is to prevent ex-Senators from conversation of an ex-Senator when he comes upon the floor, and enjoying the privileges of the floor of the Senn.te for the purpoae of urging in practice I fear that the rule will not be found very efficacious. or oppos~ng claims or bills in whieh they are employed as attorneys. The practice iq no doubt reprehensible, but I fear that it can not Mr. HALE. Mr. President, it has always been a matter touch be overcome by le~islative methods. ing the dignity and reputation of this body that ex-Senators, who Mr. HALE. All that will be left to the Committee on Rules to are entitled to the privileges of the floor, should not use that priv consider. I do not know that th9y will think it advisable tore ilege for the purpose of advocating or opposing measures before port anything, but I think it must be offensive to all -senators to the Senate, or, in other words, lobbying on the floor with member-:~ see those who have been members of the Senate bring their docket of the body. It has never been necessary until now to invoke any into this Chamber and seek to influence Senators upon subjects rule such as I have indicated, or any extension o1· limitatiem of the matter where they have been employed as attorneys. It ought rule. The House of Representatives has had for years such a rule not to be done. - as I comprehend in the amendment which I propose, and I have Mr. ALLEN. I have never seen anything of the kind myself. embodied its features substantially in the amendment which has :Mr. HALE. I do not know that that is so. been stated. - Mr. ALLEN. It occ"urs to me that the proposed amendment is It is a matter of satisfaction, as Senators know, to renew the rather an imputation upon the integrity of all ex-Senators who acquaintance and association of those who have bflen members of desire to visit the Chamber and renew their acquaintance, and this body; and such acquaintance and associat1on have been a great that it puts them in an attitude where they can not possibly, as a charm in the life and in the intercourse of this body; but I do not matter of self-respect, come back, however innocent their motives think that it is compatible with the self-respect and the d~ gnity may be. of this body that the privileges of the floor should be used for-the Mr. HALE. I do not think that ex-Senators should feel sensi purpose of urging or opposing the passage of mea8ures before the tive on that point. as I should not after leaVing this body, if I Senate by gentlemen who have been members of the body. If came here in a social wa.y, or to discuss generally subject::~ of na there are none such, then the amendment will apply to no one, tional interest. I do not think we should either of us feel sensi and will do no harm, but I am afraid the time has come when tive if a rule of this kind, that was not intended to .apply to us and such a rule is needed. never woulq apply, was in the list of our rules. I ask that the proposed amendment go over one day, in accord 1\fr. ALLEN. Why does not the Senator's proposed amend ance with the provision of Rule XL. ment go further and strike at the root of tbis evil? We can not Mr. HAWLEY. May I make a suggestion before the matter go out into one of these corridors at any time when the Senate is goes over? I am not very much pleased at the direct pointing out in session without t·unning up against a-n army of lobbyists who of ex-Senators as being so employed. Suppose that, after defining are besieging Senator s and Representatives upon different meas the persons entitled to the privileges of the floor, the rule should m·es. They inhabit these galleries as crows inhabit the tops of provide that it shall be suspended as to any person who may be trees. They are here sending in cards and communications upon employed, etc. different subjects. Why not exclude the whole army of them, Mr. HALE. I do not propose in any exact form to settle how it not only from the Capitol building but from the Capitol Grounds, shall be done, or, indeed, that it shall be done, but I think I have except when they come here for legitimate purposes? seen enough to justify me in calling the attention of the Senate to !lir. HALE. I ask that my amendment shall go over. it. All I shall ask to-morrow--it must go over a day-is that it be The VICE-PRESIDENT. The proposed amendment will lie referred to the Committee on Rules. over. Mr. TELLER. L et that be done now. COST OF PRODUCTION IN LEADING INDUSTRIES. Mr. HALE. The provision of Rule XL is very specific that one Mr. CAFFERY. I submitaresolutionandaskunanimouscon day's notice must be given before any amendment to the rule sent for its present consideration. shall be in order, and that the purpose of the amendment shall be stated in the notice. Under that rule it is clear that it must go The resolution was read, as follows: over one day, and then I shall ask that it be referred. Resolved, That the Commissioner of Labor be, and is hereby, directed to collec t from official sources, or otherwise. if necessary, info~":ID a.tion relating Mr. ALLEN. I should like to ask the Senator what has taken to tbe total cost an d labor cost of production in fifteen of the leading indus place recently to call for this proposed amendment? tria':! common to this country, Great Britain, France, B<~ l gi um , and Germanv Mr. BALK !hope the Senator will not ask me to particularize. and r ep::n·t the resu lt 3 of his inauiries to the S ~nate as soon after the m eet ·ing of the second SI3Ssion of the Fifty-fifth Congress•ns p os I• 1964 ··._. 'CONG_RESSIONAL~RECORD..:....SENATE. JUNE 24, · . - I The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con who are taking part in the debate on the tariff bill, we would be sideration of the resolution? very much obliged to the Senator from Iowa if he would indicate Mr. CHANDLER. I a~k that the resolution may go over. the Ol'der in which the schedules that have been passed over will The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will go over, under be taken up after we have finished the wool schedule. It will the rule. facilitate matters very much, and we will then know exactly what EXPENDITURES OF CIVIL SERVICE COM.l\IISSION. to expect in the future, and prepare pur papers and information accordingly. Mr. GALLINGER. I submit a resolution for which I ask im Mr. ALLISON. It is the purpos-e of the committee having mediate consideration. charge of the bill, a.s I understand it, to go on and complete the The resolution was read, as follows: wool and woolen schedule, then to take up the silk schedule, and Resolved, That the Civil Service Commission is hereby directed to furnish then the tobacco schedule. When that has been done, all the the Senate a detailed account, by years, of the expenditures of said commis schedules will have been passed over once. sion from its organization to the pTesent time, each 1tem of expenditure (such as salaries, traveling expenses, examinations, printing, etc.) to be separately Mr. VEST. No; lead was passed over. stated. Mr. ALLISON. Lead is in Schedule C. :Mr. VEST. !know; but we have not taken it up. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con- Mr. ALLISON. It is a paragraph in the metal schedule and a sideration of the resolution? paragraph in the chemical schedule. Mr. GRAY. Let it go over. Mr. GRAY. It is a paragraph, and not a schedule. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will lie over. Mr. ALLISON. Severalparagraphs. Afterweshallhavecom Mr. GALLINGER. As I shall be absent from the- Senate for pleted these schedules it is our purpose to begin with the chemical three or four days, I ask that the re.:;olution may lie on the table schedule and take up the paragraphs passed over and complete subject to my call, if that course is agreeable to the Senator from that schedule, and then go on successively with the other sched Delaware. ules, taking the passed-over schedules in their order. If this will The VICE-PRE8IDENT. Unless there is objection, that will suit the convenience of Senators on the other side, that, I think, is be the order. The Chair hears none. the wisest and best way to deal with the bill. THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The first item passed over, as appears by the recent print of the committee, is in the first clause of the Mr. WHITE. Some days a()'o I suggested and the1·e was ordered bill, and is not a part of the chemical schedule, fixing the date at printed a report of the Committee on Finance in reference to the which the bill shall go into effect. Hawaiian Islands matter. Since that time my attention has been Mr. ALLISON. That is a mere formal matter. Thatofcourse called to a report made in the Forty-ninth Congress, first se sion, will have to go over until after the whole bill is disposed of. by Mr. MILLS, from the Committee on Ways and Means of the Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Then it is the intention of the Sena House of Representatives. The report is practically out of print, tor not to take up that amendment until the last thing. and as it is a matter of great importance, to be considerecl later Mr. HOAR. I suppose, practically, the operative date will have on, I suggest that it be reprinted as a document. to be settled by the conference committee. It can not well be The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request of settled in any other way. the Senator to reprint the report of Mr. MILLS in the Forty-ninth Mr. ALLISON. I have stated the purpose of the committee. Congress, from the Committee on Ways and Means of the House I hope it will be satisfactory to Senators on the other side. of Representatives, on the Hawaiian matter? The Chair hears Mr. SMITH. I ask the Senator in charge of the bill whether it none, and it is so ordered. will be convenient for him to take up the hide and leather sched Mr. WHITE. In this connection, I desire to insert in the REc ule, which was passed over at my request, after we get through ORD, from page 584 of the Consular Reports, the census of the with the wool schedule? · Hawatian Islands. It is but a third of a page in length. I ask Mr. ALLISON. The paragraphs in relation to leather perhaps that it be printed as a par~ of my remarks. may be considered then, if it snits the convenience of Senators; The matter referred to is as follows: but I think the best way after we have completed this schedule [Consular Reports, April, 1897.] is to go back and take up, in their order, the paragraphs passed over, and dispose of them as we go along. CENSUS OF THE H..A. W AllAN ISL.U.TJ>S. Mr. SMITH. I make a special request on that point because I ConsUl-General Mills, of Honolulu, sends, under date of February 8,1897, am interested in the schedule, and I shall be obliged to be absent the official figures showing the r esult of the cens~ of the Hawaiian Islands. which has just been completed. The statement 1s as follows: for a few days. If it can be so arranged, I hope the Senator in 'l'he Hawaiians head the list with a total of 31,019. The Japanese coloniza charge of the bill will pursue that course. tion comes next, with the Chinese a close third. The official table, as pre-· :Mr. ALLISON. I will consult the Senator's convenience later pared at the census office. is: in the day. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The point made by the Senator from Nationality. Males. Females. Total. Missouri is, I think, a correct one, that it is due to the Senate ------that we should know the order in which these matters are coming up. They ought not to be passed over irregularly without any Hawaiians_------16,399 14,600 31,019 Part Hawaiians------~------~------42(9 4,236 8,485 sort of system. I think the Senator from Iowa should give notice America.DB. ------_----· --·------~975 1,111 3,086 to the Senate as to the order in which he intends to proceed. So British ------·------____ ------1,406 844 2,250 far as I am concerned, I am perfectly willing for the convenience Germans ------ 866 566 1,~ }Tench.------·- 56 45 101 of any Senator that any item passed over may be taken up at any Norwegian------·------ 216 162 378 time. It is a matter of indifference to me, but I think the Senate Portuguese------·------ 8,002 6,989 15,191 ought to know. If it is the intention of the Senator from Iowa Japanese ------.------ 19,212 5,195 24,4.fJ7 Chinese------.------·------1.9,167 2,449 21,616 to take up hides after the wool schedule and before we proceed South Sea Islanders.------.. 321. 134: {55 with silk, the Senate ought to know it at the earliest moment, so Other nationalities ______------·------WI 152 600 that we can be ready, and if not, then the Senator should indi ------72,517 36,503 109,0'20 cate at what time he will be willing to take it up. TotaL------Mr. WHITE: I suggest to the Senator from Arkansas that there is a fact which has just come to my notice which has re PRESIDENTIAL APPROV.A.L. lieved me from a great deal of solicitude, and I haY"e no doul?t Amessa()'e from the Pr~sidentof the United States, by Mr. 0. L. that it will relieve the Senator when I read it to him. We are PRUDEN o~e of his secretaries, announced that the President had assured b..vveryhig_h a~thoritythatCongress is pa sin~ a law that on the 23d instant approved and signed the act (S.2150) to amend will be ti're most sCientific and the best balanced tariff law ever an act entitled "An act to provide for the entry of lands in Greer enacted. I have had some doubt about this matter heretofore, County, Okla., to give preference rights to settlers, and for other but I now rest in peace. . purposes," approved January 18, 1897. Mr. ALLISON. I am glad the Senator from California is rea.s· sured upon that point. ' THE TARIFF BlLL. Mr. CAFFERY. Mr. President, before entering on a discus Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the con sion of the paragraph of the wool schedule under consideration, sideration of House bill 379. concerning which our friends on the other side appear to have There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the some trouble, l propose to make some general remarks upon the Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (H. R. 3~9) to p~o pending bill. vide revenue for the Government and to encourage the mdustnes 1\Ir. WELLINGTON. ..AI!. I have no doubt what the Senator is of the United States. about to say Will be of interest to the Senate, I suggest that he Mr. VEST. I sliould like to have the attention of the Senator speak so that he may be heard on this side of the Chamber. from Iowa. For the convenience of those of 1lB upon this side Mr. 04-]'FERY. I shall attempt to elevate my voice so that 1897. ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE·. '1965 the Senator from Maryland can have a chance to hear some good cording to the supply of laborers there; he finds that toilers in Democratic doctrines. industries not p.!:otected get as much and fTequently more than he The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Louisiana will doe~, and yet somehow he is half muddled by the specious argu- proceed. . , ment of the oily factory owner. 1\Ir. CAFFERY. Mr. President, the formative period of the He knows that the duty on sugar or woolen goods makes him basis on which, and the purpose for which, tariff taxes should be pay more for his sugar or his clothes; the duty on white pine, imposed was between the adoption of the Constitution and the more for his lumber; the- duty on soap, more for his soap, and yet revenue act of 1828. he is somehow puzzled about the matter. He finds a duty on Gradually, by an evolution, resulting from the divergent views wheat and cotton, and yet the pt'ice is not raised at home; he of government held by the followers of Jefferson and the follow- finds a duty on borax ~d hemp~ and the price is raised at home. ers of Hami1ton, the great principle of " tariff for revenue only'' He finds a duty on nails and steel rails, and the price at home is and the opposite princiQle of "tariff for protection" were formed higher than on the same article when shipped abroad and sold. and crystallized. What he does know is that the sugar refiner and the soap maker, Hamilton looked backward to the restrictive policy then pre-- the woolen manufactul'er and the wheat and cotton grower, do vailing in England. J e:fferson looked forward to the application not pay a farthing more for labor than they are compelled to. He of the liberty-founded principles of the Republic of the United finds trusts and pools controlling the price-of things necessary to States. Hamilton was influenced by the smell of royalty which the consumer, and he commenceB to think. and he is now think clung to his republican garments; Jefferson, by the- awakened ing, that the best way out of this perplexity is to place every tub sense of broader liberty and clearer perception of economic truth, on its own bottom, break up trusts and pools, and let every indus obtained from the teachings of Adam Smith and the French econ- try stand on its own merits. omists and our own Constitution. He hears the elmnor of the mill owner and the mine owner that The immortal author of the declaration that "all men are born they must be protected. He concludes that they are weak and free" and of that other declaration that" equal rights are for all want somebody to help them. His argument eommences with and special privileges for none" could not have been a protection- . himself. Who is going to protect me? If the well-fed, prosper ist in the sense the term is now employed. ous, rich mine owner is in danger of being destroyed why am not Sir, arguing from general principles, the conclusion irresistibly- I? Am I weaker, less able to work, than the n.alf-fed Russian, or flows that protection is restriction of natural right, and therefore the starved Italimr, or the lazy peon, or the stolid German, or the undemocratic; that protection is paternalism, and therefore nn- ignorant Portuguese? All of them come over here. I hold my democratic; that protection is larcenous, and therefore undemo- place at higher wages than they get. They get more than they cratic. did at-home. He finds the same man, clamoring for protection The democratic theory of government may be traced to the against the- world. ready to emptoy a foreigne:r at less wages than Declaration of Independence and Magna Charta. he gets, provided the fm·eigner can do the work he does. He finds Life, liberty, property, and the pursuit of happiness are the in- free trade in labor, and he concludes free trade ought to go all alienable right of men; liberty in all things, save·when the pub-- around. He is right. lie weal requires its restriction. Whoever advocates restriction He finds, when. the whole subject is reviewed by him, tha;'· the mnst show its necessity. The burden of proof is on the :pro tee- corn g:rower-, the wheat grower, the cotton grow8'r, the rail and tionists to show that the freedom of contract is not necessary for nail manufacturer, the bicycle manufacturer, the cotton manu the benefit of the social system. Primarily, the right to exchange facturer, and a host of manufactmei."S and produce raisers are not with whosoever wishes to give anothe1· commodity far yours is only supplying the home inarket, but the markets of the world. perfect, free, and unrestricted. It flows from the right ofthe in- He finds that th~ home price of th~e articlt:s is the fore]gn price, dividual freeman to do as he chooses with his own, sell it where less freigh~ insurance, and rem.missions, in all exports not con he can, for what he can, and with whomsoever he can, without trolled by a trust, and he finds trusts mostly where the duty on burden or- taxation on eithe1~ or both parties to the exchange. the competing foreign artiele is too high to allow it to come in. Among the ancients trade was spoliation and war was slavery~ He does not find a. trust in wheat, cotton, or corn, because th.e for To impoverish a nation by trade and to enslave its population by eigner has. no competing article and trusts are impossible. war was the ideal of excellence. The idea survived the fall of the He finds that all the workers said to be included in the baneficent greatest and last of ancient civilizations, and descended by a chain circle of pr otection- the carpenter, the blacksmith, the baker, the of barbaric title to the nations of medimval Europe. Export~ lawyer, the doctor~ the merchant-get their pay according to their were frequently prohibited and imports were always highly taxed, deseTts, the demand for their services, and the supply of the human and as light penetrated the darkness of those ages the barbarism material. He finds- the protective theory intricate and the applica of modified slavery lingered, and still lingers in the idea ol' spolia- tion a sham, a delusion, invented to make him pay a quota of his tion by one nation of another and by the classes of the masses~ hard-earned wages to.. swell the gains of the protected "weakling." Just prior to the writings of Smith in. England, and of Condillac He finds that the money levied out of his scant store does not go in France, the then world, stimulated into intellectual activity by into the Treasury to "pay the debts of the United States, promote the Reformation and the rise of the school of economists, began t.o the general welfare~ and provide for the common defense," -but throw off some of the shackles descended from ancient ignorance into the pockets of the " weaklings." and greed, and the doctrine of free trade gained a foothold in the He is sorry for the poor, sickly things that ride in splendid car thinking world. This doctrine was then accompanied with thet\-r .:n ri~rre.::, give costly dinners, visit foreign shores, hobnob with no errors that all wealth emanated from the soil, and that exchange bility, come before the committees of Congress_ with piteous tales was exactly equivalent, neither party making by it. of woe, infest the corridors of the Capitol, have paid lobbyists to But mankind is selfish, and the battle commenced in the eight- lay siege to SetJ.ators and Representatives, and make the air dole eenth century against protection is not yet finished, nor will it be ful with their begging requests for more and more and melan· until the intelligent masses of the world strike down the hand choly predictions of the untimely end of the benefactors of the of governmental favor and privilege. To own human beings race should largess and bounty, subsidy and tariff, be denied them. has been a strong propensity of the race. To own a par.tof man's Yes, his honest soul melts with sympathy. •• Was evel' so much labor is the last desperate effort of the selfish few against the toil- disinterested humanity!" he thinks to himself. ing many. Humanity and enlightenment freed the slaves; hu- Truly the world is better! Human nature nobler and higher! manity and enlightenment will free the toiling millions from Not for themselves do the weaklings make these efforts! Perish tributes to the protected. the thought that it iS' their own nests they are feathering. The deVll is never so dan~erous as when he quotes Scripturw. The weaklings have achieved their purpose. Their demands Protection is never so in sidiOus as when preaching in. behalf of have been granted. Th"Sir salt, their lumber, their woolens, their its victims. cotton, their coal and iran, and th€ir hemp have all been pro In law, what plea so tainted and corrupt but, baing seasoned with a gra- tected. The fat was fried in seaso~ and the reward comes in due cious voice, obscures the show of evil? time. All things work together for good for fat friers an.cli good In rellgion, what damned error but some sober brow will bless it and protectionists. Of such is the kingdom of protection. approve it with o. text? But the poor fellow who has been holding this colloquy, think- And so the protectionist plunders humanity in the name of hn- ing that the b-le.ssings to reach him by filtration from the weak manity, exacts alms in the name of charity, and beseeches aid in lings-the vicarious system of benefaction-will percolate down the name of the needy. Truth is always plain, error is always to him from the principle of tariff gravitation, hears nothing complex. When the proposition is laid down that. protection more of the proiili.Bed blessings. But behold! the heathen Chinese, does not protect the masses, the answer is ready,;, W hy, we give or the fiery Jap, or the pauper Germa.n. or the horrid Englishman you a larger home market; we give better prices to om· employees; will dump his goods over the tariff wall; or the foolish home con we give employment to the baker, the butcher. the carpenter, and sumers cease to buy from the weaklings because they can not; or ~he mason; and s~ everybodY: is ben~fite?-." The poo! fello~who . the_iingoes will distm~b trade by wa~ talk; or the silverite· by in IS answered thus fincls that his co-toiler m the same lme of mdus- flation talk, an d a cnt of 10 per cent m the poor fellow's wages is try in a neighboring State or district is getting more or less, ac- ' made. 1966 OONG RESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE. JUNE 24, He looks at his go::>d wife, wearied by household cares; his bloom liberty and individual independence. They knew that society ing daughter, so close to his heart and hopes, deprived of the means was made to protect natural rights and not to foster individual to make a good appearance in society; his son, just ready to gain interests. They knew that men followed those callings and pur the education now denied to him, and his soul and brain rise in sued those industries which their talents and their surroundings revolt against a system which has ever kept, and ever will keep, indicated as profitable. They pleaded no baby act. There was no the word of promise to the ear, but break it to the hope. voice crying in the wilderness for aid, for help, for permission Out of the curse denounced against the transgression of our first under the law to deprive any hardy inhabitant of a part of his parents has come all the blessings of civilization. Human sweat, gains to bestow upon some other. human toil, have built up the vast sh·ucture of modern advance No, sir; one of the causes assigned by the author of the immortal ment. Human brain and human muscle have transformed the Declaration of Independence for separation from the mother coun Western Hemisphere into the most peaceful, the most enlightened, try was the tyranny of George Ill, '' for cuWng off our trade with and the happiest abode for the toiling millions in its borders that all parts of the world." And long before, at Runnymede, the an Providence has ever given to man. cestors of the hardy pioneers of England, of Virginia, of North But the Old Adam lingers in the human brea-st. Centuries of and South Carolina, of Georgia, of New York, of New Jersey, and labor \'t-ill make it none the less a pain to labor, and the ordinary Pennsylvania wrung from reluctant John the concessions con man is always altruistic when it comes to making his brother man tained in the forerunner of our Declaration of Independence-the do his work for him. In this happy land the grip of the law makes great Magna Charta of England-that "all merchants may safely the poor pay h·ibute to the rich. Says the greatest economist that and without molestation depart from England and come to Eng this century has produced (I quote from Frederick Bastiat): land, as well by land as by water, to buy and to sell, free from all Seif-preservation and development are the common aspiration of all men, in evil duties, in accord with onr ancient and just usages." such a way that if everyone enjoyed the free exercise of his faculties and the Sir, the proposition has been boldly stated that Washington, free distribution of the fruit of his labor, sodal progress would be incessant, and Hamilton, and Clay, and Jackson, and Madison were pro uninterrupted, inevitable. But there is another disposition which is com tectionists-such pl'otectionists as we have to-day. I deny that mon to them. This is to live and develop at the expense of anoth ~ r. This is no rash imputation, emanating from a gloomy, uncharitable spirit. History the protection of to-day was ever advocated by any of the fathers, bears witness to the truth of it by the incessant wars, migration ot races, and I deny that it ever.took form and shape until the act of 1890. the universality of slavery, sacerdotal oppressions, the frauds in trade, and the monopolies with which its annals abound. This unfortunate disposition The modern doctrine is not to encourage new industries, but to has its origin in the veory constitution of man-in that primitive and univer intrench and casemate the old ones; not to protect the infant, sal and invincible sentiment which urges it toward its well-being and makes but to fatten the giant; not to help the weak, but to aid the it seek to escape pain. Man can only maintain life and obtain enjoyments strong. Sir, it is literally "to take from him that hath not and from a perpetual seat·ch and appropriation; that is, from a perpetual appli cation of hisfacultiestoobjects, or fromlabor. This istheoriginofproperty. give to him that hath." Letus go, sir, tothe great father, Wash But yet he may live and enjoy by seizing and appropriating ~he produc ington, who, in his letter to Lafayette in 1796, wrote as follows: tions of hie; fellow-men. This is the origin of plunder. Now, labor, being in itself a pain, a man being naturally inclined to avoid As a member of an infant empire, as a philanthropist by character and, if pain, it follows, and history proves it, that wherever plunder is less burden I may be allowed the expression. as a citizen of the great republic at large, some than labor, it prevails ; and neither religion nor morality can prevent I can not avoid reflecting with pleasure 9n the probable influence that com it, in this ca,se, from prevailing. * * * It is the nature of man to rise merce may hereafter have on human manners and society in general. On against the injustice or which he is the victim. When, therefore, plunder is these occasions I consider how mankind may be connected like one grea\ organized by law, for the benefit of those who profit by it, all plundered family in fraternal ties. I indulge a fond, perhaps an enthusiastic, idea that classes tend, either by pea.ceful or revolutionary means, to enter in some as the world is evidently much less barbarous than it has been, its meliora.· way into the business of manufacturing laws. tion must be progressive; that nations are becoming more and more human These classes, according to the d egree of enlightenment at which they ized in their policy, and in fine that the period is not very remote when the have arrived, may propose to themselves two very different ends. When benefits of a liberal and free commerce will pretty generally succeed to the they thus attempt the attainment of their political rights, either they may devastations and horrors of war. wish to put an end to lawful plunder, or they may desire to take part in it. Woe to the nation when the latter thou~ht prevailsamou~ the masses at the This does not sound like Chinese-wall principles. It has the Ting moment when they, in turn, seize npon the legislative power. of free trade. The great founder of the nation could not have en tertained the narrow views, born of broad greed, that chaTacter· This long quotation, Mr. President, is justified by its application izes this bill. He poured forth his soul in this communication to to the present condition of our country. From legislation in favor him whom he loved; that chivalric, peerless, unselfish son of of special clas~es, the idea is fast gaining ground that legislation France, whose noble spirit drew kindred spirits to him as the mag· must be in favor of all classes. From the perversion of law, net draws the needle. Washington was a free trader. wherebyafewfavored individuals are made prosperous, the whole What says Jefferson, the philosopher and statesman, the founder mass is seeking prosperity from legislation. of Democracy. the author of the democratic creed of government, From paternali..-m for a few, paternalism is sought by the many. the great apostle of individual liberty and natural rights, the ~x The transition from McKinleyism to Debsism is easy. The impo ponent of the widest liberties of the citizen consistent with the sition of indirect taxes to make manufacturers rich justifies the great powers of a republican government. While Vice-Presi.:. imposition of direct taxes to make the farmer rich. The proposi dent, in a letter to Elbridge Gerry, he said: tion of the Senator from Utah [Mr. CANNON] to place an export bountv on corn and wheat and oats is more logical and more jus In confutation of these and all future calumnies, by way of anticipation, I shall make to you a profession of my political faith, in confidence that you tifiable than a bounty on imported sugar for the benefit of the will consider every future imputatwn on me of a cont.rary complexion as greedy sugar trust. b£'aring on its front the work of falsehood and calumny. * * * I am for A bounty for the man who has, from the foundation of the free commerce with all nations. Government, been bled for the weaklings, is a just retribution on After the tariff of 1824, he wrote to Governor Giles, December those who have fattened on his substance and fed from his table. 26, 1825: Governments were never instituted among men to make them Under power to regulate commerce they assume indefinitely that (power) rich. The province of government is limited to "protecting" over agriculture and manufact.ures, and call it regulation to take the earn each individual in his life and property. Tho province of govern in~ of one of these branches of industry, and that, too, tho most depressed, ment is to allow full play to individual energy and to protect indi and put them in the pockets of the other, the most flourishing of all. viduals in all their gains and acquisitions. Governments were Is it possible, sir, th::>.t protection run mad can, in the face of never instituted to restrain or hamper or embarrass individuals these declarations, class Washington and Jefferson as modern in any of their natural rights. Rather, Mr. President, to preserve, protectionists? • protect, and defend all natural rights. These rights existed be What was Hamilton's nosition? He was an advocate for cen fore governments, and will survive their fall, if such a calamity tralism and prerogative, b\lt not a protectionist of to-day. In his should befall the race. report on manufactures in 1791 he says: And now, sir, we are confronted with the condition that Bastiat If the system of p erfec:t liberty to industry and commerce were the pre deplored. Instead of putting an end to the plunder of the masses vailing systems of the nations, it will not be affirmed that they might not be by the classes, the inasses are keen to try their hand at the plun permitted, with very few exceptions, to serve as a rule of national conduct. dering. Then, sir, let universal plunder comet Then the revela- If one nation were in a condition to supply manufactured articles on b t> tter terms than another, that other might find an abundant indemnification in a. tion will follow that everybody will plunder everybody else, and superior capacity to furnish the p ·oduce of the soil. And a free exchange, the whole wretched system of spoliation will fall to pieces. Then mutually b eneficial, of the commodities which each was able to supply, on the great money-making machine called government will be found the '!=>est terms. might be carried on between them, supporting, in full v1gor, empty handed and bankrupt; then the secret will be fully dis the mdustry of each. Tlw continuance of bounties on manufactures long established must closed that the toilers are the bottom rounds of the ladder up almost always be a questionable policy, because a presumption would arise which the fat friers and the fat friees have mounted to opulence in every such case that there were natural and inherent impediments to suc and wealth. cess. The exem:ptionof the materials of manufactures from duty. The policr of When the Pilgrim and the Cavalier landed on the shores of the that exemptiOn as a general rule, part ic ularly in r eferenc:e to new establish Western Hemisphere to attack and to conquer the obstacles of ments, is obvious. It. can hardly ever be adnsable to add the obstruction of nature and to wrench wealth from her bosom, they did not dream fiscal burdens to the difficulties which naturally embarrass a n Pw manufac ture; and wP.e re it is matured and in condition to become an object of reve of governmental help or aid. Strong, sturdy, and self-reliant, nue, it is, generally speaking, better that the fabric than the material should they toiled and they prospered. They were full of the spirit of be subject to taxation. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.· 1967 It appears that Hamilton would have been an out-and-out free Speaker [Mr. Clay] has seen fit to adopt for the purpose of describing the trade1· could he have disabused his mind of the idea that all must ad>ocates and the opposers of the presen~ bill. It is a question, he says, be tween the friendq of an "American policy" and those-of a "forei~n policy." be free ti·aders in order that the system should work. This was Tills. sir, is an assumption which I take the liberty to deny. Mr. Speaker an error whtch his powerful intellect wou1d have soon discarded. certainly intended nothing invidious or derogatory to any part of the House by this mode of denominating friends and e!lemies. But thel'e is a p ower in Whatever embarrasses or impedes free exchange hurts both par n ames, and this manner of distinguishing those who favor and those who ties to it. Trade is the exchange of product for product, or prod oppose particular m easures may lead to inference3 to which no member of uct for service5,or services for services. Now, if an Englishman the House can submit. It ruay imply that there i~ a more exdusive and peculiar regard to Ameri exports a commodity to America, be is met by a heavy import duty. can interests in onE> class of opinions than in another. Such an implicat'on He pays the duty and adds it to the price of the commodity. The is to be resisted and r epelled. Every member has a right to the presamption consumer in .America, who, in order to buy. must sell some of his that he pursues what he believes to be the interest of hi'l country with as sin p1·oduce or render some service, is handicapped precisely to the c~re a zc:tl as any other member. I claim this in my own C[l.Se, and whiie I shall not for any purpose of description or convenient arrangement use terms extent of the duty. This duty causes him to sell more produce which may imply any disrespect to other men's opinions, much l es~ anv im and to render more service than he otherwise would. This hurts putations upon other me'n's- motives, it is my duty to take care that the use the American. The Englishman is hurt by the diminished ex of such terms by others be not. against the will of those who adopt them. made to pr oduce a false impression. changeable or purchasing power of the American consumer. Indeed, sir, it is a little astonishing, if it seemed convenient to Mr. Spe~ker, But in balancing the losses the Amerkan is hurt the most, for for the purpose of distinction, to make use of the terms "American policy" the Englishman may not only sell somewhere else, but at most he a nd '·foreign policy," that he should not have applied them in a manner pre· cisely the r everse of that in which he has in fact used them. If names are is only deprived of a gain which may or may not be large; but the thought necessary it would b€1 well enough, one would think, that the name American is subjected to a positive and irretrievable loss. It is shoul Sir, not only ~s "tariff for revenue only" a Democratic tenet of the prompt settlement of balances. The imnorters establjshed large credits abroad, by means of which they were enabled to give favorable terms to the the fir8t magnitude, but it is grounded in human nature as deep jobbers. The jobbers in turn were thus, and by liberal accommodations from as is the Decalogue. the banks, able to give their own time to country m erchants, who in tum Democratic doctrine, as contained in tariff policy, is that a man's sold to their customers on indefinite credit. It then seemed to be more re putable to borrow monfly than to earn it, and pleasanter and ap par ently property is his own; that while it is necessary to contribute a part more profltabla to speculate than to work. And so the people ran h eadlong of his gains to support the contrivance of government, in com into debt, labor decreased. production fell off, and ruin followed." pensation for the protection it affords him in his person and prop This was, of course, a panic sharp and terrific, but it was of short duration. It was soon followed by a lethargy under which all tbe springs of enterprise erty, and pursuits, anything beyond that is extortion and robbery. and h opefulness were dried up. To prevent the sat:rifice of property under That doctrine is, that under the specious guise of protection the judicial decrees, stay laws and appraisement laws were enacted by many of substance of the masses is taken ann handed over to the classes. the States, which only aggravated the trouble. For long, weary years the lethargy continued. There was no demand for anything except the neces Is not the robbery effected by arrangement of schedules? When saries of life, and all these, except clothing, w ere sold for scarcely enough, the woolen schedule places 90 per cent on the wearer of a hat or a and in some cases not enough, to pay the expenses of taking them to market. coat more than he should pay, and when more than half of this I witnessed a s::~.le in 183U, to the keeper of a hotel in Indianapolis, of oats at amount goes to the woolgrower and the woolen manufacturer, 10 cents a bushel and fine chickens at 50 cents a dozen. The same year I saw thousands of barrels of flour under the sheds of Suydam, Sage & Co., inNew is it not a robbery? York, which they were offering at $3.50 a barrel. When a poor man has to pay 50 to 110 per cent on the pane of Fat cattle were selling at so low a price-$10 and S12a head-that my brother glass in his humble windows, and all of it goes to the glass thought that he would pack a few barrels of beef at Fort Wayne for the New York market. He did so, and was drawn upon by his consignees for a part maker, is it not a robbery? of the exnenses of transportation not covered by the sal~.>s. From 1837 to 18fl When A poor woman, God fearing, righteous, and industrious, there was nothing to break the stagnation but the political campaign of 1840, wishes to adorn her cottage with a damask tablecloth and has to in which everybody became enlisted for want of something else to do. In the fall of 1841 a reaction began to appear_ This became decided in 18-!2, before pay 90 per cent more than she would, and none of it goes to the the tariff of that year went into operation, and in 1845 the country, chastened Government, is it not robbery? by adversity, was in the full tide of healthy and well-producing indust ry and If, sir, the great and glorious principle that no man is of right enterpric;e. This continued until credit became again unwisely expanded and speculation became rife bound to pay tribute to another is taken from Democracy, then In 1857 I was the president of a bank in the State of Indiana, and this is a Democracy is and has been a sham-an empty sound without sig part of what I said about the financial troubles of that year in the report nificance or substance. from which I have quoted: "The financial cnsis of 1857 was the result of a similar cause to tba t of 1837, It is the essential principle of liberty. namely, the unhealthy extension of the various forms of credit. But as in It will snrvive parties and platforms. this case the evil had not been long at work, and productive industry had It is engraved in the minds of freemen all over the world. It not been seriously diminished, the reaction, though sharp and destructive, It was not general, nor were the embarrassments resulting from it protracted. will survive when the Capitol itself is in ruins. will be in the •• Now, in both instances the expansion occurred w bile the business of the future, as in the past, the beacon of light to guide the path of country was upon a specie basis, but it was nominally so. A false system of patriots to honest government. credits had intervened under which payments were deferred, and specie, as It will some time in the near future, I hope, be firmly installed a measure of value and a regulator of trade, was practically ignored. Every thing moved smoothly and apparently prosperously as long as credit could as the prevailing gove1·nmental policy-the only policy that will be established and continued; but a..'\ soon as payments were demanded and give scope to enterprise, health to industry, employment to labor, specie was in requisition distrust commenced and collapse ensued. In these contentment to the masses, and stability to our institutions. inst.ances the expansions preceded and contraction followed the suspension; but it will be recollected that while the waves were rising specie ceased to be Sir, I have dwelt thus long on the elementary principles of our a regulator, by reason of a credit system whieh prevented the use of it." creed because their truth has been questioned and their applica N ow, with all due respect to Mr_ Blaine, I expres3ed the opinion that the tion denied. apparent prosperity which preceded the revulsion of 1837 and the real prosperity which preceded the crisis of 1857 were not caused by the tariff, Every Senator follows the dictates of his judgment and con ·and that the reverses which followed were not attributable to its reduction. science. I surely will -follow mine. I believe I am under the If the tariff was in any measure instrumental in producing the changes, it drippings of the sanctuary. I have sat in vain at the feet of the was in stimulating the expansion which terminated in disaster. In 1857 I was a b eliever in the tariff, audit never entered my head to attribute the prophets of our faith, if I now err. financial troubles of that year to the changes to which it bad been subjected. It ha-s been charged that the panics of 1837, 1857, and 1873 were The most pressing duty which I had to perform when I became Secretary caused by low tariffs. Presidents Polk and Buchanan are quoted of the Treasury in 18f>5 was to provide the m eans to pay the soldlers, and to meet other pressing demands upon the Treasury. This was done in the only as stating that prosperous times existed under high tariffs and way it could be done, by the sale of temporary obligations which had proved panics ensued immediately on the adoption of low tariffs. Mr. to be attractive to investors. After thts had been accomplished, the work of President, we have had panics under low tariffs, and we have like funding these obligations was commenced an d carried successfully on until the whole amount-some thirteen hundred millionsof dollars-was converted wise had them under high tariffs. B11t we had unexampled pros into bonds. While this work was going on, I was u11der constant apprehen perity under the Walker tariff of 1846, the lowest since 1792, up sion of a financial crisis before it could be completed. to the panic of 1857. We had prosperity up to 1837 under the My apprehension was unfounded, but only as to time. The crisis was post poned, and for so long a period that the opinion generally prevailed that the lower tariff, commencing in 1833. But what of the panic in 1893? vitality and productive power of the country were so great that the most ex Sir, tariffs have not much to do with commeTcial crises. '1'hey pensive war that had ever been waged could b e concluded, and great expan come from causes lying in trade conditions. It is true that agita sion of credit could be checked and abridged without financial dtsturbances. tion of the question as to whether duty shall -be kept high or low I have to confess that this was my own opinion, but the same causes which pt"Oduced the cr isis of 1857 were at work, and, as had always been the case, affects trade. If the proposed rates are lower than the prevailing the revulsion came when least expected_ ones, importations will be withheld, in order to come in under the When I left London, in September, 1873, to come to the United States, the lower rates. If the proposed rates are higher, importations will financial skies, if not cloudless, were not threatening. The letters which were received by the London firm from its New York partners were encour be rushed in to evade high duties. It may be successfully argued aging, and I had no reason to expect anything but a p leasant visit to my old on general principles that high duties, preventing importations, home and a return to London under auspicious circumstances. But on the wh1ch will eventually curtail and destroy exportation, as we must arrival of the stea mship in the outer harbor, I was m et by the stunning in telligence that my American partners and correspondents of the Fort Wayne sell in order to buy, incite panics more than low duties. banking house in which I was interested had failed ; that all the banks ex A paralysis of trade is entirely distinct from overtrading. Over cept the Chemical Bank, which had weathered all storms, had suspended, and trading, speculation, is the potent cause of panics. Values are that one of the wildest panics which had ever occurred was raging through out the country. boomed, enterprise is overstimulated, the drafts of the present on The crisis was a terrible one. Although it came unexpectedly. it was only the future are too heavy, and when the day of liquidation comes, the consummation of influences which had long been at work beneath the a collapse ensues; bankruptcy and ruin are the results. financial horizon. In extent, fierceness, and disaster it r esembled the revul sion of 1857. It was not, as Mr. Blaine states, brought about by the losses The panics of the past have been largely caused by inflation of sustained in the civil war, which had been terminated eight·years before, the currency. That of 1893 had its birth in the fear of repudia nor by the destruc-tive fires in Chicago and Boston. Great losses may bring tion and had no connection with the high tariff of 1890. about what are called hard times-not panics. It was produced by an exl_>an· But, sir, we have an authority on this subject which can not be sion of currency and of credit , which fostered speculation, which rarely fails disputed. to terminate in financial troubles. I quote from the Hon. Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treas Even in the orderly march of trade there are times of activity ury under three Administrations, and a financier of acknowledged and times of depression. If prices are high and industry and cap ability. He says: ital and labor are more remunerative in certain lines of produc tion than in others, more capital and more labor rush into the Of the reverses of 1837, I made the following remarks in my report as Sec· best paying business. This bTings about a reaction. Greater pro retary of the Treasury in 1865: " The great expansion of 1835 and 1836, ending duction occasions lower prices, and production is consequently with the terrible financial collapse of 1837, from the effects of which the coun try did not rally for years, was the consequence of excet:~sive bank circulation 1essened. The boom is gone, but no bad results flow if credit and discounts and an abuse of the credit system. stimulated in the first place ha-s not been strained and the industry or enterprise has a solid by Government deposits with the State banks, and swelled by currency and basis. credits until, under the wild spirit of speculation which pervaded the coun try, labor and produetion decreased to such an extent that the country, which Not so in wild schemes or unprofitable industries where credit r!_or:l:te~~; i;!J;d~:E~at food-producing country of the world, became an is lavishly given and recklessly used. Panics and tariffs do not go hand in hand, nor are they correlated to the extent of cause !?The balance of trade had been for along time favorable to Europe and against the United States, and also in favor of the commercial cities of the and effect. Slow or depressed or un profitable trade is not cyclonic seaboard and against the interior, but a vicious system of credits prevented industrial disturbance, as panics are. XXX-124 1970 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 24, Mr. President, I turn now to the speech of the Senator from may find other countries with which she can drive more profit Rhode Island [Mr . .ALDRICH] in opening this debate. He said: a?le ~argains than she can with us. Argentina, India, and Rus The legitimate r esult of a protective policy is to give the American market Sla might supply her whet1.t and her cotton, and take in turn her to the American p1·oducers. When this b2comes an accom-plished fact, the manufactured product. The interiors of the countries named are revenue growing out of protective dutie!i disappears. It m ust be evident, therefore, that we must look for oth"tlr sources of revenue. Whether it shall being pene~rated b¥ railroads. Their productive capacity is enor always be along the line of an increase of internal t axes, such as we have sug ~ous, and if we dr1ve away our _best customer by prohibitory.tar gested, or whether some other source of revenue should be sought, it is not Iffs we may find ourselves cabmed, cribbed, confined; we may necessary now to determine. find ourselves without foreign markets for the exports of our Here, sjr, is a statement of three facts: cereals and raw materials, and with the keenest competition for First. The legitimate r esult of protection is to dry up revenue; om· exported manufactures, handicapped by prohibitory rates on .Second. That t hat result has come; and the raw material necessru.·y in their fabrication . Third. That pr otectiomsts must look to some other line of l'eve The McKinley bill wouJd have produced a deficit on the basis of nne-intel'nal revenue or some other. the importation of the last two years of its ope1·ation. It is well McKinleyism has shouted itself hoarse over the ravenue-produo Jr:nown that Mr. Foster, Secretary of the Treasury under Mr. Har ing bill which bears the name of our President. That bill actually nson, had gone so far as to have the plates made on which to en produced a deficit, as I will show. And here is the ablest and grave bonds to provide for the deficit. most ingenuous of protectioni~t~ declaring that protection is a Though the Wilson bill was shorn of its principal revenue failure as a revenue measure. He says we must look somewhere feature by th!3 de~ision of ~h~ Supreme Court nullifying the income else for money to run the Government. tax, the de.fimt w1ll belessm 1tslastyearthan that under the McKin Constitutionally, Congress can only lay duties on imports for ley bill during its last year. The deficit this year from the daily the purpose of paying the debts of the United States, promoting Treasury statement of the 21stinstantisS26,711,102.48. It can not the general welfare, and providing for the common defense. much exceed this in the few remaining days of this fiscal year. When protection ceases to bring in money to pay the debts, etc. , The deficit under the :McKinley bill was for its last year $69 803 261 .it must fall. Otherwise the Constitution must be rewritten thus: exceeding that under the Wilson bill by $!3.092,658.52. ' ' ' "Congress shall have power to lay duties on imports to enable one The Treasury statement refetTed to shows $2H2,748 525.45 class of citizens to live off the labor and at the expense of other including the gold reserve of 8100.000,000, now in the Tr~asnry: classeH of citizens." . The free gold and currency in the Treasury, amounting to $132- Then, sir, the Senator from Rhode Island makes a bold plunge 748,5·?5.45, with the same expenditures and receip.ts as this fi.sc~l for sugar, tea, beer, and increased taxes on tobacco. year, would r un the Government for four years. The great haste Under the free breakfast table cry, r aised in 1890 by the Repub on the Republican side and the impatience on this side for the lican party, sugar, though it is a favorite article for Democratic eru.·ly passage of this bill shows that at least one of the parties does revenue, was denied a tariff. The Republicans now want a reve not think tariff is the burning issue. The Republican party is nue to stave off silver and advance beets, and not to protect !:)ugar deceiving itself. "Conditions have changed since 1890," says Sen in Louisiana. It was especially declared by Senator ALLISON, in ator .ALDRICH. charge of this bill in the absence of Senator ALDRICH, that it was The ceaseless activity of the human mind in inventing new and to protect beet sugar and not cane sugar that the duty is im applying. ol~ .devices to every species of work multiplies produc posed. In point of fact, it was more to raise revenue than to pro tion at drmrmshed cost. Decreased cost of transportation follows tect beet sugar that the tax is in the bill. When the time comeR, t he cheapening of pl'oduction. New countries are bein~ fi.llecl if it ever comAs, when protection of sugar fails to produce revenue, with the eager and pushing population of the Old World. The what will become of the sugar interest? Wul it be COlTallecllike seas are literally bridged with movingiron. The primevalforests the manufacturers of the country, sm·rounded by a wall of pl'o and plains of hitherto inaccessible regions are penetrated by the tection, or will the free breakfast table cry be renewed? l o~o~otiv:e and united with the world by the telegraph. The do Ah, sir, the Democratic Mede may besiege the Babylon of pro· mmion of man over nature was never so extensive or so secure. tection. The 8ugar barons, iron barons, wool barons, and all Increased and increasing production creates more demands and other barons may feast for a while in the royal chamber of the desires, ''which grow with that upon which they do feed." There Belshazzar of protection. But, sir, is not the confession of the is ceaseless energy and unrest. Though better and more cheaply Senator fi·om Rhode Island, that protection is dead for anything fed and clothed and housed than ever before in the history of the but protection, th1-1t of an unwilling Daniel, who sees the hand- 1·ace, the toilers, with more desires and demands and wants, en writing on the wall? · . gendered by intense activity in every department of human indus Sir, under the McKinley bill imports fell off from $830,150,318 try, are yet unhappy and discontented. in 1893 to 8603,865,896 in 1894, a decline of upward of 27 per cent. Disparity in wealth is inevitable where brain, not muscle, is the This tendency was shown in the preceding year, when the imports great motor of c~v~zat~on. _Disparit'¥ in intellect, in industry, in fell off from 837,280,798 to $830,150,318. There was a steady de all natural cond1t10ns, lS quite suffiment to create great gaps in cline in the imports during the last two years of the operation of the ~ondi.tion of men. The toiling masses, where equality of op the McKinley law. portunity is offered them, have no envy of those who by supe Besides, there was in the Treasury when Mr. Harrison came rior intellect, or industry, or thrift ha' e acquired more of this in $2o0,348,916.12. When Mr. Cleveland came in there was world's goods than they. But they do rebel when they think that $62,450,575.18. These balances were exclusive of the gold reserve. law adds to the burdens of the poor and lessens those of the rich. In order to create the above balance of $62,450,575.18 there was Discontent and resentment against prevailing conditions arise. covered into the Treasury 54,007,975.75, a sum held in trust as a Not having the time and the patience to analyze the complex fund for the redemption of the national-bank notes. condition of modern civilization, it is not to be wondered that As pointed out in the excerpt from Treasury Circular No. 128, whoever offers to solve the problem by a simple remedy is eagerly herein inserted (Appendix No. 1), if the expenses of the year 1 93, listened to. 1 will not, Mr. President, enter into any discussion under the Cleveland Administration, had not been $15,952,674 less of the monetary question. It is not germane to the tariff. My than the preceding year of the Ha1Tison Administration. the re views on that question are well known, and I have no disposition ceipts and expen When we have a patent wrong, a known.wrong, one recognized Sir, it is difficult to tell what an excessive rate is, from a Re by Democracy from the time of its full and perfect organization, publican standpoint. "It was believed," the Senator said, "that · prudence would dictate 1ts remedy first of all. in the changed condition of the country a return to the duties Rather let us remedy those wrongs we all do know than fly to imposed by the act of 1890 would not be necessary, even from a the red1·ess of others not so known of all of us. protective standpoint." We have here, by irresistible inference, I attribute the evils from which the social body suffers in this that the rates of 1890 were excessive, as it was believed that a country to the unequal and unjust workings of tariff legislation. return to them, even from a protective standpoint, was not Strikes, lockouts, and ti·amps have thei:P origin mostly in that necessary. legislation. In Europe, socialism is the result of class privilege The distinguished Senator, who is a sincere protectionist and a and partial legislation. man of extraordinary ability in all matters concerning duties on In this country, in striking out for aremedyforillsthatarefelt, imports from a Republican standpoint, must have been mistaken but the ori¢-n of which is not clearly seen, om· people are looking to a great extent by the effect of the partial reductions on the lines to what Bastiat calls ''universal spoliation as a remedy for partial chosen and adopt-ed by his committee. lt is clear, however, from spoliation." They are looking to socialistic remedies in various the action of the Senate in disagreeing to a number of amendments forms. But, sir, the tariffissue has been tendered by the Repub proposed by the Finance Committee, that the rates of the House lican party. While I deprecate thrusting that issue on the coun bill will be practically adopted. try, knowing that another and a greater issue is ever present and I have caused to be prepared a statement, the correctness of can not be set aside by the Republican device of tariff, we must which I vouch for, showing" Duties collected on leading articles accept it. in the year 1892-93 under the tariff law then in force; also duties Sir, •• condjtions have changed since 18!JO." The great inter that would have been collected on same had House and Senate mountain States, where settlers from the East and immigrants bills of 1897 been applied in ad valorem rates." from Europe obtained freeholds as a gift, have been settled up. Only articles imported in 1892--93 exceeding $1.000,000 in value Outside of Government r eservations, nearly all the fertile lands are embraced in the statement. I do not think that this exclusion in the United States are occupied. Rapidity and cheapness of will appreciably affect the result of the calculations. The ad communication over the seas and over the land brin~ the prod valorem rates are those used by Mr. Worthington C. Ford in the ucts of all lands to the consumers of the world. Keen compe comparative statement made by him for the Finance Committee tition in every branch of industry exists everywhere. Labor and the Senate, showing the ad valorem rates of 1890 and 1894 saving in ventio'ns in every human industi·y multiply production and those of the House bill and Senate amended bill. at lower prices. · It appears from the statement, which I incorporate in my re The United States can no longer claim supremacy as an agri marks as a part of the same (Appendix No.2), that the rates of cultural nation. Though relatively the greatest of all p1·oducers duty under the act of 18{}0, omitting sugar, are 50.34 per cent; of grajn and meat, yet rivals are in the field and her supremacy including sugar, 36.28 per cent. The rate of duty unde1· the House is threatened. In the conditions of the world, and in view of the bill, omitting sugar, is 52.60 per cent; including sugar, 58.02 per fact of the constant trend of prices to a lower level, where or how cent. The rates of duty under Senate amendments to the House will the American wheat or cotton grower get higher prices for bill, omitting sugar, are 48.47 per cent; including sugar, 55.88 pe1· his product? All the great staples of agricuJtm·e must be cheap, cent. with a tendency to lower prices. As an offset, everything that a So, sir, instead of avoiding the excessive rates of the McKin farmer buys is cheaper and the purchasing power of his product ley bill, the House bill, without sugar, exceeds them, and the Sen rises in the inverse ratio of its decline in price. ate amendments come near equating them. With sugar, both the The only cominodity that does not decline and will not decline House bill and the Senate amendments exceed the rates of the is human labor. It can not decline in view of its greater potency McKinley bill averaged all around. Is this, sir, the moderate and efficiency. Just in proportion to the larger output of labor tariff which the Senator promised us? Was he, like Lord Clive, will wages rise. This is at once the wonder and the blessing of so surrounded by the precious gems of prote~tion glittering before the age. The talk of cutting the price of labor, in view of its in his eyes and inviting the fatherly hand of government to take creasing productive capacity, is, in my opinion, ill considered aud them for its own to distribute among the wards of the govern unfounded. Its greater production is met by greater and ever ment, infants and -adults, that he was astonished at his mod increasing Sh·, look at these manufacturing industries of OlliS. The iron, so of the leading manufacturing industries-iron, cotton, wool, cotton, and wool industries were established in colonial days. and wood. They all prospered. Wool, when the country ceased to be pas There is no country on the globe comparable to ours in the ex toral and became agricultural, commenced to languish. '£he tent and variety of its resources. We have more coal and iron others have grown and prospered much less than if they had copper and lead, and lime and cotton, and wood ~ than any othe~ been put upon their m ettle. But natural advantages have at last advanced nation. We have abundant and cheaper transportation. worked out these results, and to protect them now is a sin against We have large cities on the seaboard and in the interior. We sense and justice. But what of wool? hav·e the most industrious and most inventive population on the Says Mr. Worthington U. Ford, in his report on wool and globe. Heretofore lands have been so cheap and so plentiful, manufact01·es of, published in 189-!, and ordered by joint resolu notwithstanding the tributes paid by the farmers to the manu tion of Congress: facturers, that they could pay tribute and still prosper. But If there is any fact demonstrated by the experience of the United States agriculture, in the natural order of progress, is declining, and in the sheep industry, it is the independence, m the lon g run, of this interest manufacturing increasing. of artificial encouragem ent. It has survived the restrictions of the mother From the following excerpts from the Statjstical Abstract of country in colonial times, the penalties and discouragements of h ostile legis lation, as well as the progressive settlement of'the country. It has followed 1896 it will be seen that the value of our agricultural exports in economie law, in spite of r estrictions, bounties, and financial errors, and it is creased from $256.560,972 in 1860, to $569,879,297 in 189o. In 1860 to-day still pursuing its natural eourse, regardles of low prices, destructive they were 81.13 per cent of o01· total exports, and in 18DG, 66.02 foreign competition, and unprofitable returns. (Appendix No.4.) per cent. In 1860 our exports of domeRtic m anufactures were Below is a table showing the relative production and consump $40,345.892, in 1896 they were 82.28,571,178. It is e timated that tion of wool in the United States from 1860 to 1892, during which they will exceed $300,000,000 at the end of the fiscal yea1·. The period there was a high tariff on wool. percentage to our total exports was 12.76 per cent in 1860, and in It appears from this table that the increase of production from 1896, 26.48 per cent. In mining, other than the precious metals, 1860 to 1892 was 378.84 per cent, and the increased consumption the increase is more pronounced. In 1860 the value of the coal, during the same period was 414.98 per cent. (Appendix No.5.) etc., mined was 8999,465, which was 31 per cent. In 1836 the Also a table showing the number of sheep in the United States value was S20,045,65i, constituting 2.32 per cent of our domestic from 1867 to 1896, and the number of pounds of wool. It will be exports. seen that the sheep have about held to the same number as there It is estimated that the value of domestic manufactures this were in 1867, and the wool has increased from 112,000,000 pounds year will be in the neighborhood of 30 per cent of the total export. to 309,000,000 pounds, according to the estimate of the Department It is therefore apparent that manufacturing is in the upward of Agriculture. movement and agriculture in the downward. Mulhall says: Half of our wool must be imported. We can grow neither the N early all American manufactures are produced by machiner y, while in coarse carpet wools nor the fine Australian wool. Europe more than half is hand work. The r esult is that the output per hand Tariffs have failed because nature has failed. The sheepin Such, sir, is the hope that encourages -me-springing eternal Excess of exports of 71lerchandise alone and of merchandise and silvet·. from a Democratic breast. UNDER M'KINLEY ACT. To sum up my position: I believe in a tariff on luxuries. Period. 1\ferchan- Merchandise I believe in excise taxes. dise. and silver. I believe in an income tax. I believe in a tariff on imports placed so as to put money in the October 1, 1890, to September 30, 189L .. _.. _____ .... $98, 64.'5, 1 'i3 $10.3, 5.'37, 310 October 1, 1891, to September 30, 1892 .. ___ ·--·-- ___ _ 160, 945, 9'"17 175,091, 707 coffers of the Government and not in the pockets of individuals. Octobe:1,1892, to September 30, 1893 ______46,182,116 68,672,811 I do not believe in protection save for the purpose of protecting October 1, 1893, to August 31, 189-! .... ------186, 840, 613 219, 5!0, 9'27 each citizen in the enjoyment of legal, constitutional, and natural rights. UNDER WILSON .ACT. APPENDIX N 0. 1. September 1, 1894, to August 31. 1895 ______------1 $47,561,6341 $88,960,538 September 1,1895, to July 31, 1896 .. ______150,100,882 194,43.3, 730 MEMORANDA FROM THE RECORDS OF THE TRE.A.SURY DEPARTMENT. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, D. C., Septembe·r 1, 1896. Annual ave1·aqe excess of exp01·ts of merchandise alone. During the fiscal year 1888-ended June 30, 1888-the revenues of tho Gov Under McKinley Act of 1890 ...... ------___ _------.. ------$123,153,470 ernment were $111,341,273 in excess of its expenditures. Under Wilson Act of 1894 ...... ______----- ______98,834,258 During the fiscal year 1889-ended June 30,1889-the revenues were $87,761,- 080 in excess of the expenditures. Annual average excess of exports of merchandise and silver. During the fiscal year 1890-ended June 30, 1890-the revenues were $85,(}1(),- Under McKinley Act of 1890. ___ ·------·------$141,712,189 271 in excess of the expenditures: Under Wilson Act of 189!. ____ ..... ------____ ----.... ------·- 140,698,134: The so-called McKinley tariff act took effect on the 6th day of October, 1890, and during the fiscal year 1891-ended June 30, 1891-the revenues were $26,- 838,541 in excess of the expenditures. APPENDIX No. 2. During the fiscal year 1892-ended June 30, 1892-the revenues were $9,914:,- 453 in excess of the expenditures. Duties collected "on leading articles in the year 1892-93 under the tal' iff then in During the fiscal year 1893-ended June 30, 1893-the revenues were $2,3!1,- f01·ce, also duties that would have been collected on same had House and Sen 674 in excess of the expenditures. ate bills of 1897 been applied, in ad valorem 1·ates. During the fiscal year 189i-ended June 30. 189!-the expenditures exceeded the revenues to the amount of $69,803,260.58, notwithstanding the fact that Ad valorem duty rate. the expenditures of the Government were $15,952,674 less thn.n in the pre Article. 1-----~------.------1 Para Value of ceding year. The McKinley bill was in force during the whole of the fiscal Law 1890. House. Senate. graph. import. year 1894. 'J'he so-called Wilson tariff act took effect on thfl 28th day of August, 1894, and the revenues for the fiscal year 1895-ended June 30, 1895-were S-!2,805,- Per cent. Per cent. Pe1· cent. 223.18less than the expenditures; and during the fiscal year 1896-endcd June Sugar not above 16, cane... F. 72 75 206 $1,0]!},514.31 Sugar not above 16, beet... F. 72 75 206 1:?8, 4!9. 66 30, 1896-the revenues Wflre $25,203,245.70 less than the expenditures. ----- Receipts ft·onl customs and total receipts frorr~ all sources. 72 75 1, 147. 963.97 UNDER M'KINLEY .ACT. W oolep dress goods, totaL. 10'Z.5 101.3 93.8 867 178,215.7! Tin plates, lighter than 63 Period. Customs. All sources. AN°~h~~-illalili!8.Ctures -o£- 78.4 53.5 49.9 130 166,917.65 flax, etc., n. s. p ...... _.... 38.5 50 45 34.-5 150,493.43 Twelve months ending September 30, 1891. __ .. $196, 794,357. 89 $371,932,536. 81 Twelve months ending September30,1892_____ 185,838,859.19 364,8 Values of impo1·ts and exports of ntel·chandise. 40.32 40.48 41.50 ------477, 931.24 UNDER M'KINLEY .ACT. 50 50 50 429 27,775.32 Exports, 125.4 125.4 11!.2 214 27 , 5 . ~.28 Period. Imports. domestic and foreign. 60 60 60 335 25,649.01 69.4 83.3 52.2 295 24,892.03 F. 18.4 F. 464t 23,415.75 October 1, 1890, to September 30, 1891. __ . _..... __ ... $824, 716, 842 $923, 362, 015 35 35 25 14 23,222.58 October 1, 1891, to September 30, 1892. ______837, ~. 798 998, 226, 775 October 1,1892'; to September 30,1893______830,100,318 876, 33'3, 434 F. (?) (?) 401 · ------October 1,1893, to August .31, 189-!* ------600,865,896 790, 706, 509 52.6 52.6 52.6 294 2"Z, 237.12 F. F. 13.6 7i 22, 126. 06 *Eleven months. 50 50 60 388 22, 036. 00 UNDER WILSON .A.OT. 40 40 45 319 21' 714. 40 55 55 45 90 21, 108. 56 15 25 .fi'. 606~ 20,867.65 September 1, 189!, to August 31, 1895.------·-1 $759,108,4161 $806,670,050 52 52 41.6 250 20,667.83 September 1,1895, to July 31, 1896...... 687,b'95,637 837,802,519 12.4 7.8 7.8 390 20, 662. 58 F. 23.4 31.1 206 19, 9'23.53 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 24, Duties collected on leading articles in the year 18!n-9S, etc.-Continued. Statement showing increased exports of ce1·fain leading articles and cot-re . sponding decline of tm-i.tf 1·ates-Continued. __A_a_-_v_a~lor,....,..e_m_d_u_t~y-r_a._t_e_. _ Para 1 Value of Exports (fiscal years). Duty.' Article. 1 import. Law 1890. House. Senate. graph. Article. 189-l. 1895. 1896. Act of Act of ~t:!!- Pe1· cent. Percent. Pe1· cent. 1 90. 189-!. bill. Len.f tobacco, for wrappers 238. 7 23S.7 179 2:10 $19, 'i96.57 1------Skins, n. s. P------·-· 20 20 ro - 427 19,3{.6.62 ' Furs, p1·epared...... 20 20 20 416 18, '876. 12 . PeJ" ct. Pe1· ct. ~er ct. 'Still wines, in bot tIes, '{D9 Ca.st~s------$-!91,928 $.582,988 $79!,314 ------· ------qua.rts ------29 36.2 29 295 18 46 Surface-coated papers, cardboards, etc...... 35 (?) (?) 393 24 00 23 57 Books, pamphlets, etc., ------~---~--~ Cotton,f!~f~~a~~=~~~======manufactures of:* ======:::::::: ~:! J:~· 1~:~· n. s. p ------25 25- 25 397 17,983.31 Cloth, unbleached...... 7,6:39,851 7,03!,678 9,539,199 (*) (*) (*) All other glass, n. s. P------60 45 4.5 108 17,338.71 ~17. 00 10.00 17. 41) Matting for floors, straw.. li'. 50 50 330 16, 651. 06 Cables and cordage . _. _.. _.. 6, 225, 663 6, 585, 328 S, 556, 333 to to to ------32.00 35.00 20. ';'2 47.37 51.72 4!.92 472,530.'50 I Boots and sh<>E'SL------777,35! 1,010,228 1,4.36,686 25 20 25 Wire rods, valued 3t cents 1------~--~--~----2---~~---- orle s ...... ------3! 22.7 2Z.7 132 16·508·071 ·'D• u t'tes m. the mam. remam. t h e same m . t h e. Senate bill as under the pres- Artifl.cial feathers and 16 37 .67 ent law,, and le s than in the McKinley Act. . flowers, n. s. p ...... ----- 50 50 50 4:15 3 59.5 312 16' 133.11 1· i· I~ will be observed here that tp.e SEmate bill has not reduced the tartif rate Plushes, etc., dyed, etc ..... 60.3 60.3 ' m t~1S case. The ra.te, however: 1S not an ~vance over the McKinley Act, 15 853.11 ~md 1S a !ery ~IIl!ln rate and eVIdently not mtended to _be prote-ctive. The c~f~_t_~~~~-~~~~~-~·-~~- d2.2 62.2 62.4 379 15' 7 rmports m this line are very small. and there can be no diSpute, I believe, but Sheep less. than 1 year .. __ . 22 22 22 218 ; lll1.:191 6 that we control the market in this line ot goods. Bristles...... 10.7 8 8 402 15 15 Silk, ready-made clothing, n. e. s ...... -..... ------60 60 60 387 14,850.2"/ Woolen knit fabrics...... 94 93.8 84.7 36! 1!,56!.22 Sawed lumber, n. s. p., not APPENDIX No. 4. 21.4 21.4: 193 14,402.03 ~tc~~d ======~.4: 40 40 189 H,239.38 Qua11tities of wool produced and constuned, by decades, :front 1b(i() to 1890, and Cheese and substitutes---- 4.3 43 43 235 1A, l16. 49 . . f!'oln 1890 to 1892-Per cent of increase. · All other wood manufac- ture , n. s. p .. ------35 35 35 2();) 13,9';'1.55 Handkerchiefs, silk...... 60 60 60 385 13,8-!5.14 Years. Productbn. Co~f~P- Spun silk, skeins...... 35 32 32 38'2 13 &!8..52 Rice flour, etc...... U.1 28.2 H.1 229 13:164.53· Cotton cloth, dyed, etc., 85,33!,876 valued over 12 cents..... ~ 40 40 300 Cylinder glass, polished, 209, 367' 254: above 16 by 2!...... 28.7 37.3 37.3 102 124, 032, 378 ~:; ~ I t;;.f::~::~::::::::~:::::-:~~~::::~_:::~~,~;: ~::::: ;;:~=~d~: ~ 1i: i~ 145.35 Causticsoda...... 42.& 21.4 32.1 73 Cotton. other wearing a-p- l====l==== parel. n. s. P------.... 50 50 50 311 zr2, 500, ooo 356,791,676 Spiegeleisen ...... ------.... 25.9 15.4 15.4 119 ~ ~: ~ i:>rease·.----~ ------==--==~--===~----===--=~~--====~--~~~~~:d.~~~== 70 500 Sugar above 16 ______------12.9 48 ..2 64.8 006 12,482.74 Fer cent ______------• ~~ 1!7,~~ Wool, class 2, unscoured. __ 56. 2 56.2 42.2 3.)6 12,251. 6.') 50.8 40.6 238 12, 89 216, lXX), 377,911,776 Beans------·-·------40.6 o66. ~~·e;:se-~--~------~·_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~------==·--_-_-_-_-_-_~-----~~~~=== 43 -' 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE." 1975 APPENDIX No.6. Showing the tariff changes, with the market price of fine fleece wool, for each year during fifty yea1·s, j1·om 1847 to 1897. [For convenience of comparison the specific tariff rates have been changed to ad valorem by assuming a probable value for 'Yools imported. The market price is that given by James Lynch and George William Bond, up to and including 1~. Subsequent to that date, the priCes are those quoted by Man ger & A very, of New York. '.rhe curren{:y values for period when gold was at a premiUm are reduced to gold.] Year. Duty. Comparative scale of duties. Comparative scale of prices. Price. Cen.ts . . 47 1847------· ------30per cent.------~----- .40 1848. ______------· ----.do. __ ---.------.39 1849 ___ •••• ------.------.do .. ---.------.45 185Q ______------____ ---- .•••• do ...... ------.41 1851 ...• ------.------...••• do .... __ ------.45 1852 ••.••• ------.do .....• ------.... ---- .59 18.53 .... ------__ ----.------.do _____ -----_-----.----- 1854 ______------·--- .•••. do _____ ------·-- .49 1855. _____ ------•.. ------.do .. ---- .. ------· .46 . • 55 ~=~-~~~~~~~~~~~~=~~~~ ~~~fioo';j~j,:~~~ .53 1858------free. 5 .45 1859 ______----.------. ---.do . ____ ----.------1860.------______... ___ .do .. __ ---. __ ... --.----- .59 1861.. .•••••••••••• ------5 per cent, costing not .54 over 18 cents. .!4: 1862t ------15percent,costing18to24: cents. .47 1863 •••••• ------·-- Canada free.----- ... ------.52 1864: •..••••••••••••••• ~. 25 to30per cent, Canada not fre.e. .45 1865----.------_----- _---.do ------.• ------.46 1866 .••• _----- ____ ..• --- . ---.do ------..• ------1867 _____ ------____ 50 to 60 per cent ______.4:7 .46 1868 •••• _------•• ------•. do ... --- .. ------.4:2 1869 ...• ------____ do ------.------.4:M 1870 •• __ ------_----- •• __ .do . --... _-----.------.51 18711872 ______------.------.....45 to do 55 ------.------per cent ______.58 .60 1813 ...••• ---·-- ______.....do.-----.------.----- .50 1874: .... ·------.---- ..... do.------...•• ------.50 1875 .. .: .. ~------.do ...... ------.52 1876 _----- _------.do .. ----.------.---... .44 1877 -----·- _------______.do .. ---- . -----.----.. --- .47 1878 ...•••• ------_---- ..••.do .•.... ------.39 1879 .... ____ • ----- ______·---.do ...... ------.----- .37 1880.------.------.do ...... ------.----- .49 1881. ___ ------.. ---- ..•.. do ...... ------.43 1882 .. __ ---- ·-. ------____ .do .. ___ ... ------.---- .43 .43 i~~~~======~~======-~-~~~!:~~ ~~~======~ .37 1886•. ----.----- ______.do ..... -----_----.------3'4 1886 _____ ------____ do.-----.------.• ----- .34: 1S87. ------_---- ____ ----.do--.... ----.-----.----- .33 1888 .•. ___ ------·-- .....do. _____ ----.------.SQi 1889.------.-----1890 ______---- }50____ to.do 60 .. per ------cent,ll cents{ .33t 1891. ••••• ------______and12centsperpound. .33 .31t 189"~. ------______..... do. ______... -----_----- .29 1893. ____ ••••• ----. _____ ..... do.----.------.----- .2{ij 1894 .. ___ ------. ___ Free---·------1895. _..•• _----- ______----.do.. ---.. ------.2ot 1896 ______------____ .•••• do ______------•... .17t .19 1897 --· _---·------· •.do.--·------.22 • This tariff admitted nearly all the fine wools of South America and Cape of Good Hope, and many of those grown in Australia, free. Wool costing over ~ cents was taxed 24 pe:r cent ad valorem. t Wool costing over 24 cents, 9 cents per pound. As under this clause only very high cost scoured wools would be selected, the duty might be less than ~per cent. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CARTER in the chair). The Mr. WHITE. I am inquiring for information·. If that be true, pending question is on the amendment of the Senator from upon what ground can any compensatory duty for the next twelve Arkansas [Ml·. JoNES] to the amendment of the committee, which months be justified? Compensation is given upon the theory, as will be stated. was stated l?Y the Se:1ator fro_m 4rkansas very clearly yesterday, The SECRETARY. • On page 122, line 13, paragraph 364, after the th3t the tar1ff tax Wlll result m hrgher rates, and that therefore it word "wholly,>' strike out "or in part;" and in the f!ame line, is but just to give the manufacturers compensation; but if it be after "wool," insert "or of which wool is the component mate true that wool has been imported and is now here, and that no rial of chief value;•• so as to make the paragraph read: duty :is to be paid upon it, is it not plain that an amendment such 364. On cloths, knit fabrics, and all manufactures of every description as _the one suggested by the Senator ~·om Arkansas, providing that made wholly of wool, or of which wool is the component material of chief this compensatory duty shall not go mto effect for a yeax, is abso value, not specially provided for in this act, valued at not more than 40 cents per pound, the duty per potmd shall be three times the duty imposed lutely just? I can not see any argument to the contrary. by this act on a pound of unwashed wool of the first class; valued at above Mr. ALLISON. I was under the impression that that amend 40 cents per pound and not above 70 cents per pound, the duty per pound ment wa::~ voted down yesterday. shall be four times the duty im"{losed by this act on 1 pound of unwashed wool of the first class, and in addition thereto, upon all the foregoing, 50 per 1\I.r. WHITE. Exactly; but that does not prevent a renewal of cent ad vaJ.orem; valued at over 70 cents pe1· pound, the duty per pound the proposition upon other sections, and it is scarcely an answer sha.ll be four times th.e duty imposed by this act on 1 pound of unwashed to the interrogatory to say that the question was voted on yester wool of the first class and 55 per cent ad valorem. day. I am looking for light on the subject. Mr. WHITE. I desire to inquire of the Senator from Iowa, Mr. ALLISON. That is scarcely an answer, but another an who is no doubt well informed on this subject, whether it is ills swer is as to what would be done at the end of twelve months. opinion that there is now on hand in this country a supply of Taw Of cour~e there will be a consta.nt supply of wool on hand, and wool sufficient to meet the manufacturing demand for the coming there will be the same supply, probably, at the end of twelve yea1·. That assertion has been made several times on the other months that there is now. That is the only answer I know of. side of the Chamber. I inquire of the Senator from Iowa if he Mr. WHITE. That, I respectfully submit, is not an answer at has any information in relation to that matter? all, because the wool is now in the country and has not paid duty; .Mr. ALLISON. I have no special information, and can speak of course it will not pay it; but the wool brought in here twefve only in a general way. I have seen several letters from Mr. Jus months hence must pay duty if this bill becomes a law. tice, wao is a large wool dealer in Philadelphia, and I have seen Mr. HOAR. The price will be raised by the tariff before the other letters, stating that there is probably now or will very soon manufacturer gets the wool. be a year's supply, or nearly a year's supply, of raw wool. Mr. WHITE. But the wool is already here. Presumably the 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 24, manufacturers, who look out for this enactment, have brought it Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The immediate amendment under here and have it now in stock. We have been informed in the consideration is the proposition to insert, in line 13, the words" or Senate by Senators on the other side of the Chamber that the of which wool is the component material of chief value," in para warehouses of the country are full of a stock of wool that was im- . graph 364; and after the word" wholly,"in the same line, to strike ported for manufacturing purposes. It was admitted at the time out tho words ''or in part." the statement was made that no duty would be paid upon that Mr. President, attention was called to the fact on yesterday that wool, but it was said that was one of the unfortunate circum when the flax schedule was constructed, in every instance it was stances which must always attend a revision of the tariff. But .said as to certain fabrics of flax, hemp, or ramie, where the mate that is no answer, because here is a plain, adequate remedy in rial of chief value in the mixed fabric of flax and cotton was cot sjght, the suustitntion of a few words in this paragraph. ton, that it should pay as a cotton fabric, and should not have the Now, Mr. President, there is another point upon which I desire tariff that was intended to be put on the flax fabric. Tha.t is also information. I desire to inquire of the Senator from Iowa whether the case in the silk schedule. Where there is a mixture of silk the rates provided in paragraph 363 are not greater than in the and cotton or other material, in every instance the paragTaph pro McKinley Act? As I read the McKinley Act, the rates here are vides that where a fabric is composed of silk or partly of silk, in greater. Instead of 40, the rate of the McKinley Act was 35, and which silk is the component material of chief value, then the rate instead of 35 it was 30. The duty upon wool is not greater, and of taxation put on the silk fabric shall stand; but if t he component why should the compensatory duty be greater? Is it a fact that mateTial of chief value is cotton, the material is not treated as a under the McKinley law the manufacturers were not treated fairly, silk fabric at all, and the rates are put upon it as a cotton fabric. and that it is necessary now to add something?. I have the Mc In this wool schedule it seems to me that there is a singular dis Kinley law here. The language is not absolutely identical, but r egard of the facts that enter into this schedule. When an Ameri very nearly so. Paragraph 391 of the McKinley Act, which, I can m anufacturer manufactures a piece of cloth which weighs10 take it, refers to the same subject, is as follows: pounds, Congress fixes a rate of protection on that, and this law propo.3es to give the manufacturer a tariff of 50 per cent to pro On woolen and worsted yarns made wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, or other animals, valued at not more t han 30 tect him in the m~nufacture of these woolen cloths. Fifty per cents p er p ound, the duty per pound shall be two and one-half times the duty cent goes into the manufacturer~s tariff as the manufacturer's impo-ed by this act on a pound of unwashed wool of the first class, and in protection clear through this bill. If an American manufacturer addition thereto, 35 p er cent ad valorem. manufactures a piece of cloth which weighs 10 pounds, he is satis Mr. ALLISON. That is the duty on yarns. This duty is on fied, as we understand this bill, and its friends are satisfied, that fabrics. he shall have a manufacturer's protection of 50 per cent; but when Mr. WHITE. No; I am referring now to paragraph 363 of the he has manufactured 10 pounds of cloth he says, "I manufactured bill under consideration. this cloth, and while I am content with the 50 per cent protection Mr. ALLISON. What is the paragraph of the McKinley Act? I get as a manufacturer, yet I have been handicapped by being Mr. WHITE. It is the paragraph on yarns made wholly or in compelled to pay a tariff on my raw material, which I ought to be part of wool. indemnified for." Mr. ALLISON. What is the paragraph in the act? Then you go .about ascertaining wha.t he is entitled to. His Mr. WHITE: Paragraph 36~ of the bill under consideration statement is that it requires 3 pounds of wool in the grease to and paragraph 391 of the McKinley Act. The phraseology is not m ake 1 pound of wool scoured or in the cloth, and that for every the same, but there is a difference in· the rate in this, that the 10 pounds of cloth the manufacturer requires he has to buy 30 proposed bill provides a larger rate than the McKinley Act, and pounds of wool in the grease. That is under the paragraph as you it can not be justified, because the rate on wool is, if anything, propose it. If that be true, there must be 10 cents a pound paid less than in the McKinley Act, while the suffering manufacturer upon the wool in the grease, and the manufacturer must have paid is here compensated for something in addition to that which he t ariff on the amount of wool used in the manufacture of 10 pounds received under the McKinley Act. I am inquiring as to the rea of cloth at 10 cents per pound on 30 pounds of wool, making $3, son for it. The duty on wool under the McKinley Act was 11 cents which he has paid as the tariff on his raw material. If these 10 a pound and here it is 10 cents. pounds of goods are worth 810, 50 cents protection will be a pro Mr. ALLISON. The paragraph the Senator quotes from is para- tection of $5 as the manufacturer's protection. But he says he graph 391 of the McKinley Act? must have that without having it decreased by the 53 taken to pay Mr. WHITE. Yes. sir. the tariff on the raw wool. Hence he must have, in addition to Mr. ALLISON. ·which provides that- the tariff, an ad valorem equivalent to the amount of tariff he has been compelled to pay on his raw material. . On woolen and worsted yarns made wholly or in part of wool * * "' valued at not more than 30 cent s per pound, the dut y per pound shall be two You say that, having used 30 pounds of wool in the grease to and one-half times the duty imposed by this act on a pcund of unwashed make 10 pounds of cloth, the10 cents a pound paid by the manu wool of the first class. facturer as a tariff on the wool in the grease must be allowed him. Mr. WHITE. The valuation here is 35 cents per pound. So we fix the tariff that for every pound of cloth in the manufac Mr. ALLISON. Certainly it is a higher bracket than 30; in ture there shall be a tariff amounting to three times the amount stead of 30 cents, it is 35 in this bill; which shows that the rate is of the tariff that was paid upon a pound of raw wool. So there is much lower. a tariff of 30 cents a pound on the cloth, 10 pounds m aking 83, and Mr. WHITE. It has been stated to me that the rate is higher~ the tariff is 83 specific. in addition to the 50 per cent tariff to com The Senator may be better informed about it than I. pensate for the :S3 paid on the raw wool when the manufacturer Mr. ALLISON. The Senator will see that it is on woolen and buys his wool. . worsted yarns "valued at not more than 30 cents per pound, the Mr. President, if this were true, if the manufacturer actually duty p er pound shall be two and one-half times the duty imposed used 30 pounds of raw wool in making 10 pounds of woven wool, by this act on a pound of unwashed wool * '·' * valued at not the argument would be all right, and, from the standpoint of more than 35 cents per pound, two and one-half times." So that Sena.tors on the other side, be just and fair; but suppose, as a the rate is much lower. matter of fact, that in that 10 pounds of cloth, instead of having Mr. WHITE. The Senator will observe that the ad valorem 10 pounds of wool he only has 5 pounds of wool and 5 pounds of duty in paragraph 391 of the McKinley law on woolen and worsted cot ton, where, then, can be the justification of giving him $3 pro yarns is 4.5 per cent, and here it is 40 per cent on all. tection for a tariff when he pays but $1.50, all he has used being Mr. ALLISON. Verywell. Then "valuec1atmorethan30cents 5 pounds of wool in his manufacture of cloth-one-half wool and and not m ore than 4.0 cents per pound, the duty per pound shall one-half cotton. There aTe 5 pounds of wool and 5 pounds of cotton be three times the duty imposed by this act on a pound of the un in that 10 pounds of cloth, and the tariff he paid for the material washed wool of the first class; and in addition thereto 35 per cent he used in making the 5 pounds of cotton cloth and that he used ad valorem.~· in making 5 pounds of woolen cloth, one-half of the woolen fabric, Mr. WHITE. Yes. would take, instead of 30 pounds of wool in the grease, but 15 Mr. ALLISON. Then it continues: pounds of wool in the grea-se; and when you propose to give him a compensation of 53 where he has paid but $1.50, you are treat Valued at more than 40 cents p erJound. the duty per pound shall be three ing the American public unjustly and unfaii'ly, and increasing ~¥~hoenfu~~~~~e:ntf~d: JJiWo~o{hei~b;~sP~~ ~:n~ ~dU:a~oo/e~washed wool his protective tariff beyond what he himself says is necessary for him to have. The ad valorem is an increase of 5 per cent, and in the specific The argument is stronger still if there is but one-tenth of wool, duty there is a r eduction. and yet under the terms of this_ bill you propose that if there is Mr. WHITE. The duty on wool is less. one-tenth wool you shall pay the full amount as if the whole of it ·Mr.. ALLISON. The specific dutyislessand the compensatory was composed of wool. duty IS less. Mr. President, I submit that in a fabric where there is but one Mr. WHITE. I presume the dollar will have the same appear tenth wool it is not fair that it should be treated in the Rame way ance, no matter what it comes in under. It is a decrease. as if it were composed wholly of wool; and that where wool is the Mr. ALLISON. I do not think it is. material of least value, that that fabric should be considered as a 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ·1977 cotton fabric and treated as such, and these wool tariffs ought not NOT VOTING-3!. Aldrich, Daniel, Kyle, Pettigrew, to go on it. Take the 50 per cent, if yon choose; but yon have no Baker, Gear, Lmdsay, Rawnns, right to give him a compensation for ten times as much wool as Bate. George, McBride, Sewell, he puts into his fabric, or four times as much, or twice as much. Berry, Gray, McEnery, Smith, I respectfully submit that these facts can not be gainsaid or Butler, H anna, McMillan, Stewart, Cannon, Harris, Tenn. Mason, Wellington, denied, and you can not get a way from them. Yon are under the Chandler, Hawley, Mitchell, Wolcott.. guise, under the pretense, of giving a compensatory duty to the Chilton, Reitfeld, Morrill, manufacturer to compensate him for the wool he puts in his ma Cullom, Jones, Nev. Murphy, terial, giving him ten times the amount of wool jn some cases on So the amendment of Mr. JoNES of Arkansas to the amendment which a tariff has been paid to the Government. In this partic of the committee was rejected. ular case to-day yon are passing this bill; and whenever it becomes ThePRESIDING OFFICER. Thequestion recurs on theadop a law the American manufacturer takes his 30 pounds of wool, tion of the amendment of the commit ee. upon which he has not paid one cent of duty, and yet you propose Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I move to amend the amendment, to put a tariff upon the fabric in addition to the 50 per cent that in line 17, after the word '; class," by inserting ''for each pound he says is all he wants, in addition to the 50 per cent which is all of wool contained in said fabric;" after the word "class,'' in line that the manufacturers claim they are entitled to. 20, by inserting the same words; and after the word "class," in In addition to that, you propose to put a specific duty, under line 24, by inserting the same words. the pretense of compensating him for the tariff he has paid upon The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment proposed by wpol, which he has not paid, and which you know he has not the Senator from Arkansas will be stated. paid, and which you have admitted on the floor of the Senate that The ~ECRET .~RY. In paragraph 364, page 122, line 17, after he has not paid, and yet you levy this tax upon the people to the word ;, class," it is proposed to insert •· for each pound of wool make woolen manufacture more profitable, and instead of giving contained in said fabric:" in line 20, after the word "class," to him 50 per cent, you propose to give him 80 or 90 per cent. insert "for each pound of wool contained in said fabric;" and in The plain matter of fact in this case can not be evaded; it can line 24, after the word ''class," to insert ''for each pound of wool not be dodged. If the words I have proposed, " or of which wool contained in sa.id fabric." is the material of chief value," be inserted, and then these rates Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Mr. President, the first paragraph go into effect, they will be much less unjust and unfair than the will read, if my amenJ.ment is adopted, as follows: terms of the bill as proposed by the committee. 36!. On cloths, knit fabrics, and all manufactures of every description made The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CARTER in t.h.e chair). The wholly or in part of wool, not specially provided for in this act, valued at not yeas and nays having been ordered on the amendment proposed more than 40 cents per pound, the duty per pound 10hall be three times the by the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. JONES] to the amendment. duty imposed by this act on a pound of unwashed wool of the first class for of the committee, the Secretary will call the roll. each p ound of wool contained m said fabric. The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. I feel absolutely confident the Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLISON] Mr. CHILTON (when his name was called). I am paired with is so perfectly fair and just that he will accept this amendment. the Senator from Oregon [Mr. McBRIDE]. He noes not want to give the manufacturers compensation for Mr. HAWLEY (when his name was called). I am paired with tariffs on wools which they do not pay. I am sure he is teo fair a the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. BATE]. I believe he is still man to desire any such thing. When a fabric is made wholly of absent, and so I shall not vote. If he were here, I should vote wool, then in 3 pounds of it there yvill be compensation for three "nay." times the tariff on a pound of unwashed wool; but if a fabric is Mr. RAWLINS (when his name was called). I am paired with made one-half of wool and one-half of cotton, then they will have the Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA]. a tariff on a pound of the mixed fabric for three times the amount Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I inquire if of wool that is in the fabric; and the public will then pay the com the Senator from North Carolina fMr. BUTLER] h as voted? pensatory duty of 3 for 1 on every ounce of wool that goes into The PRESIDING OFFICER. He has not voted. the fabric, and will pay a compensatory duty on wool for cotton Mr. WELLINGTON. Then I withhold my vote, as I am paired that goes into the fabric, which would be 6 to 1 if it was half and with that Senator. half, and which would be 10 to 1 if it were nine-tenths cotton and The roll call was concluded. only one-tenth wool under the bill as it stands at this time. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. My colleague [Mr. BERRY] is detained Mr. President, as I have pointed out already, and it was ad from the Senate Chamber by public business. If he were present, mitted by Senators upon the other side, it only takes 2 pounds he waul d vote " yea." He ·is paired with the Senator from Illinois of unwashed wool to make a pound of scoured wool; and nobody [Mr. MASONl. denies it. ·The wool that is imported in the largest quantity and 1\'Ir. GEAR. I inquire if the senior Senator from New Jersey which is consumed by the manufacturers does not take 3 pounds [Mr. SMITHl has voted? to make 1 pound of scoured wool; it only takes 2 pounds to make The PRESIDING OFFICER. He has not voted. 1 pound of scoured wool. and the manufacturer pays.a. tariff on Mr. GEAR. Then I Withhold my vote, as I am paired with only 2 pounds of wool-that is, when he gets all wool in the fabric. that Senator. If he were present, I should vote "nay." Tlns proposition will not even get rid of that evil, and it will let Mr. MURPHY. I am paired with the Senator from New the manufacturer get 3 for 1, although he only pays 2 for 1 for Hampshire rMr. CHANDLER], and therefore withhold my vote. every ounce of wool or for every pound of wool that enters into Mr. MORRILL. I am paired with the senior Senator from his fabric; and certainly nothing more ought to be asked. Tennessee [Mr. HARRIS], and therefore withhold my vote. Mr. ALLISON. How do you ascertain that? Mr. HANSBROUGH. I tran sfer my paii· with the senior .Mr. JONES of Arkansas. You ascertain it like you ascertain Senator from Virginia [Mr. DANIEL] to the Senator from Nevada anyt hing else. There is not the slightest difficulty in figuring out [1\Ir. Jo.r ESl, and vote" nay." the proportion of wool in the fabric. There is no trouble in as Mr. PASCO. I wish to announce that the Senator from Ken certaining the amount of wool and the amount of cotton that is tucky [Mr. LINDSAY] is necessarily absent from the city. He is contained in the fabric, and the experienced cu tom-house officers paired with the senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. McMILLAN]. can tell without difficulty·the proportion of each. Mr. SEWELL (after having voted in the negative). I inquire The idea runs through the bill in numberless other instances, if the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. l\IITCHELL] has voted? aud the provision appears again and again. How can you deter The PRESIDING OFFICER. He has not voted. m ine about the value unless by weight? You put in the silk :Mr. ~EWELL. Then I withdraw my vote, as I am paired with schedule everywhere and the flax schedule everywhere that if flax · that Sena tor. . or silk is the component material of chief value-which is a ques The result was announced-yeas 23, nays 32; as follows: tion that is much more difficult to determine than to determine the question of weight-then the tax shaH ba governed by that. YE.A.S-23. In this case you have only to determine as to the weight to deter Allen, Gorman. Martin, Tillman, mine the tax, which is a less complicated and difficult que3tion Bacon, Harris, Kans. Mills, Turpie, than to determine the value. If in mixtures of flax or silk with Caffery, Jones, Ark. Morgan, Vest, Clay, Kenney, Pasco, Walthall. other mat.erials their values can be ascertained, how much easier Cockrell, McLaurin, P ettus, White. would it be to ac:;certain thE:: weight of wool that goes into a fabric. Faulkner, Mallory, Roach, l\1r. ALLISON. Mr. President, I wish to say but a word re specting the amendments proposed by the Senator from Arkansas. NAYS~. The Senator from Arkansas calls attention to the amendment Allison, Eoraker, Nelson, Shoup, which has just been defeated, b ecause be says the woolen manu Burrows, Frye, Penrose, Spooner, Carter, Gallinger, P erkins, 'l.'eller, f~c turerwill receive a~ unjust compensatory duty, as we have pro Clark, Hale, P latt, Conn. Thurston, VIded here for three t1mes the duty, although nine-tenths or three Davis, Hansbrough, Platt, N.Y. Turner, fourths of the material may be of cotton. I do not intend to go Deboe, Hoar, Pritchard, Warren, Elkins, Lodge, Proctor, Wetmore, into that this mornin~, having spoken briefly on the question last Fairbanks, Mantle, Quay, Wilson. night; but the difficulty of dealing with that method as respects 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. - JUNE 24, · woolen fabrics lies in the fact that if wool is not the. chief com it with the whole, and it is easier to get the weight than the value, ponentor measure of value these fabrics, if they contain a greater because the question of value is to be determined after you find value of cotton, will be thrown over into the cotton schedule. the weight, and it is more a matter of opinion than is the weight. 1\ir. JONES of Arkansas. That, as the Senator suggests, has The weight can be determined by scales. The value is a matter been disposed of, but the question now is one of weight and not of opinion, to some extent, and in a constantly fluctuating market of value. it is much more difficult to determine what is the value of a thing Mr. ALLISON. Very well; and I am disposing of this question after you find the wejght than it. is to find the weight. But you now. That was objectionable for the reason that then it would can not find the value until you first find the weight, either in be a cotton fabric and come in at 45 per cent ad valorem, and flax or silk~ those who manufacture such goods abroad would bring in in the 1\Ir. ALLISON, The Senator from Arkansas differs with all form of free wool under the cotton classification and under the other expert..c:; on the subject. That is all I have to say. cotton sc_hedule probably half the fabrics that are used, because Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I am not an expert. I think that is all they would have to do would be to provide for 50t per cent of the plain common-sen e view of the situation. cotton as the component material of chief value, and then they The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the would bring in 49t per cent of wool free of duty, and in that way amendment proposed by the Senator from Arkausa.s to the amend use the foreign wool that we are trying in this bill to protect our ment of the committee. farmers against. · Mr. JONES of Arkansas. On that I a k for the yeas and nays. It so happens that in this schedule at least the manufacturers The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded to and the farmers are united in interest, for the reason that unless call the roll. our farmers who produce wool can find a market for it with our Mr. CHILTON (when his name was called). I am paired mth own manufacturers they will have practically no market at all. the Senator from Oregon [Mr. McBRIDE]. Therefore, if they are to produce wool in this country under: the Mr. CLARK (when his name was called). I am paired with protective system, they must have it practically manufactured in the Sena.tor from Kansas [Mr. HARRlS]. I do not see him in the this country under the protective system as against free wool Chamber, and therefore withhold my vote. abroad. I know that is not the purpose of our friends upon the Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I am paired with the other side. If we are to have a duty upon wool and woolens, we Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] . · must coiTelate those' duties so that our woolen manufacturers will Mr. HANSBROUGH (when his name was called). I again be protected against the inundation of free wools fi·om abroad announce the transfer of my pair with the senior Senator from under the guise of cotton fabrics. Virginia fMr. DilLEL] to the Senator from Nevada [Mr. JoNES], Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I merely want to suggest that, ad and Iwilfvote. I vote "nay." mitting for the sake of argument-which I do not-the Senator's Mr. HAWLEY (when his name was called). I announce for position to be exactly correct, then he can have no objection to the day my pair with the Senator from Tennessee [Ml·. BATE]. this proposition, because this proposition is to make the compen Mr. MURPHY (when his name was called). I am paired with sation on the wool actually contained in the goods whether it be the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. CHANDLER]. much or little. Mr. RAWLINS (when his name was called). I am paired with Mr. ALLISON. The Senator proposes that this compensatory the junior Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA]. duty shall be upon the wool in a mixed f::tbric, and upon the Mr. WARREN (when hjs name was called) . I am paired with weight of the wool. I should like to know by what method any the junior Senator from Washington [Mr. TURNER]. If he were expert or any appraiser can take a piece of goods with cotton present, I suould vote "nay." warp, if you please, and know how much the wool in the fabric Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I have a will weigh, and bow much the cotton will weigh, unle s he un general pair with the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. BuTLER]. ravels it all. So it seems to me here is another indirect method As he is absent, I withhold my vote. whereby it is attempted to evade or avoid the very question in 'The roll call was concluded. which our wool producers and woolen manufacturers are inter Mr. KENNEY. I inquire whether the junior Senator from ested in common as respects these duties. Pennsylvania [Mr. PENROSE] has voted? Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Will the Senator from Iowa permit The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. me to ask him a question at this point? Paragraph 344 says: Mr. KENNEY. Being paired with that Senator, I withhold Woven fa.b~ics or a.l'ticles not specially provided for in this act, composed my vote. of flax, hemp, or ramie, or of which the-se substances or either of them is the Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I again announce the pair of my col component material of chie>f value, weighing 4 ounces, etc. league [v.lr. BERRY] with the Senator from Illinois [Mr. MASON]. How is the custom-house officer to determine which is the com If my colleague were present, he would vote ''yea." ponent material of chief value? Say, for instance, the warp is The result was announced-yeas 22, nays 28; as follows: cotton, the filling linen, or the warp half cotton and the filling YEAS-22. mixed linen and cotton. How is the custom-house officer to tell Allen, Heitfeld. Mitchell, Turpi~, which is the component material of chief value? If he can not Bacon, Jones, Ark. Morgan, Vest, tell how the woolen fabric is made, he can not tell how the flax Caffery, McLaurin, Pasco, Walthall, Clay, Mallory, Pettus, White. fabric is made, and he can not tell how the silk fabric is made; Cockrell, Martin, Roach, and yet the Senator has brought propositions here which require Faulkner, Mills, Tillman, him to do that in the silk schedule, and in the flax schedule. and NAYS-23. if he is competent to do that in those cases, what is to prevent him Allison, Frye, Mantle, Sewell, from doing it in the woolen schedule? I should be glad to have Burrows, Gallinger, Perkins, Shoup, the Senator explain how he can do it in the one and not in the Carter, Hale, Platt, Conn. Spooner, Davis, Hansbrough, Platt, N. Y. Teller other. Elkins, Hoar, Pritchard, Thui"Ston, Mr. ALLISON. The Senator is mistaken wholly as to what is Fairbanks, Lod!{e, Proctor, Wetrnore, to be done. It is one thing to ascertain the component material of Foraker, McEnery, Quay, Wilson. chief value, and another thing to a certain how much the wool in NOT VOTING~. a fabric weighs. The component material of chief value can easily Aldrich, Daniel, Jones, Nev. Penrose, be ascertailled; but suppose he was required to ascertain whether Baker, D aboe, Kenney, Petti~rew, ten threads of cotton in the fabric weighed an ounce or the frac- Bate, G ~ ar, Kyle, Rawlms, Berry, ~ orge, Lindsay, Smith, . tion of an ounce, and the other material three-quarters or a whole Butler, Gorman, McBride, Stewart, ounce. Cannon, Gray, McMillan, Turner, :Mr. JONES of Arkansas. 1\Iusthe not first ascertain how much Uhandler, Hanna, Mason, Wan·en, Chilton, Harris, Kans. Morrill, Wellington, flax there is in t.he fabric before he determines what is the com Clark, Harris, Tenn. Murphy, Wolcott. ponent material of chief value? Cullom, Hawley, Nelon, Mr. ALLISON. No, sir; certainly not. So the amendment of Mr. JoNEs of Arkansas to the amendment l'rlr. JONES of Arkan... as. How does he find the value? of the committee was rejected. 1\Ir. ALLISON. Because the flax is worth a great deal more 1\Ir. JONES of Arkansa~. I now offer, to come in at the end of than a cotton fabric. the paragraph, the following proviso: Mr.JONESofArkansas. But it is a question of thecomponent material of chief value and not the fabric. It is the component Provided, That the specific duties provided for in this paragraph shall not material that makes the value. become operative until twelve months after the pas age of this act. Mr. ALLISON. Certainly; which is flax. l shall ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment, and I hope Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The flax thread. Then he has to find the Senate will adopt it. how many flax threads there are in the material and measure their The Senator n·om Iowa has this morning distinctly admitted to value by the value of the flax, and determine whether it is the the Senate that there is a twelve-months supply of wool now in component material of ch~ef value. So in silks. You are bound the country; that it has been imported, and no tariff has been to analyze it. You must first find the weight, and then compare paid upon it. The specific duties provided for in this paragraph OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-=--SENATE~ 1897. \._ ...-.J _. 1979 - are intended, or it is pretended that they are intended, as com- it. I do not like that, but at the same time I do not think theil' pensatory to the manufacturers for the tariff they pay on the wool sins ought to be visited upon the manufacturers. ·they import. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. When the Wil'son bill was being Whenever, afteT this bill becomes operative, the manufacturer framed, the manufacturers came here and insisted that as they imports wool, he must pay the tariff of 10 cents a pound. When had paid tariff on the raw materials which they used in manufac he iml>Qrts enough to make a pound of cloth, upon the assump- turing their goods it was not right for them to be compelled to tion on the other side, he must pay 30 cents, or 10 cents on sell their fabrics in open market in competition with fabrics made each of the 3 pounds of wool out of which to make 1 pound of from free wool, as we proposed to make it free. .Recognizing the cloth. In addition, the 50 per cent-25 per cent more than has justice of that claim, the Wilson Act provided that the wool tariff been the law since the Wilson bill was passed-which has been shouldnotgointoeffectastowoolenfabricsuntilJanua.ry, 1895,to considered ample to protect the manufacturers. is already r•rovided give them a market in which to sell the goods which they had made for in the bill, and it is not right that compe-nsation should be out of taxed wool, to compensate them for what they had done. allowed to them for tariff they have not paid. When a twelve- Now the same men are here, and the-y propose to manufacture months supply, by the admission of the Senator from. Iowa, has goods out of free wool, and when we propose that they shall not been imported into the country without paying anyduty. there is be allowed to saddle-the people with an expense they have not in no justice, there is no fairness, in allowing a eompensation of 30 cm·red, they forget the sense of duty which animated us then, and cents on every pound of manufactured cloth made out of this wool I am ashamed to say that the Senate seems not to appreciate the as compensation for tariff they have not paid. gravity of the situation. As the Senator from Iowa has admitted that thel"e. is a year's Mr. WHITE. I merely desire to say that if the manufacturers supply of wool in the country. and as the manufacturers will use of woolen goods have not imported the woo-4 and do not now pos raw wool for twelve months upon which they have paid no duty. · sess it, they have displayed in that regard far less ability and the amendment ought to be adopted~ so that the people will not attention to their business than bas been manifested with refer be compelled to pay the manufacturers an increased price because ence to the p1·eparation of the proposed act. of duties they have not paid. I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. CAFFERY. I call the attention o:f the Senator from Con- The yeas and nays were ordered. necticut to the fact that tne Senator from Rhode. Island, in hi'3 Mr. COCKRELL. Let the amendment be stated. ope-ning speech. stated that no considerable revenue could be ex- The SECRETARY. At the end of paragraph 364 it is proposed to pected for two years from the duty on wool, and he made his cal- insert the following proviso.~ culations of a surplus something over $2,000,000 only for the next Provided, That the duties provided for in this para~ph shall not become two years, and limited the duration of the tea tax and the tax- on opera.ti'Ve until twelve mon.ths after the. passage, of this a.ct. beer to that period. Under any circumstances this tax·is utterly Mr. WIDTE. I simply desire to call attention to the fact that indefensible, for if the wool has been imported by importers and the ad valorem duty in th"S paragraph is higher than under the not by manufacturers, and they ask a high price-for it, the mann McKinley Act. facturers ean import wool without the payment of duty. It oc- lt1r. VEST. In paragraph 364 the duties upon goods valued at curs tome, however, thati:t is an evasion tosaytha.tthe parties in no\ above 50 cents per pound amollilt to 154.30 per cent, and upon · terested in the importatio1IS WeTemere speculators, who might be goods above 50 cents per pound,, 94.45 per cent. It always happens crushed by the failure of the manufacturers to buy their imported that the higher duty is. upon the cheap goods and the smaller duty articles. upon the dear goods. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. I did not say and do not say The statements of my colleague, the Senator from Arkansas, in that there have not been. peYhaps~ unusual im:portat:ions of wool regard to the injustice of this paragraph are unanswerable, abso- by manufacturers, but the great bulk of it is in the hands of the lutely so. We were told by the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. wool merchants. The manufacturers buy in ad van~ of course. ALDRICH], when he made his opening speech in this debate, that Mr. CAFFERY. Who are the wool merchants? on account of the immense amount oi wool which would be Mr. PLATT of Connecticut-. There may have been importa- brought into this country, especially under free wool-to use. his tions. I am only speaking of what I have been advised. I do not expression, which would be rushed into the country before the know how it may be. bill became a law-it would be absolutely necessary to find reve- Mr. JONES of Arkansas~ They buy on commission, as a rule? nue for the immediate wants of the Government somewhere else, Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. I presume so. and for that reason our Republican friends propose to put a duty Mr. JONES of Arkansas. When they buy oncommission,..they on beer and on tea, abandoning as to tea the time-honored argu- buy. for their principals. Seventy million pounds of wool came ments of theRepublicanpartyagainstany such dutyt because that in month before last. is a simple revenue duty, all of which goes into the Treasury with- M:r. WHITE. It is wholly unlikely that these people have not out any protection rothe individual manufacturer at all. attended to their interests, and it is not at an probable that they Yet with that very argument made here, it is now proposed, are walking around, not knowing what to do, while other people besides these enormous duties which I have named, to give to the are importing wool. I suppose the wool manufacturers have a manufacturers a simple, naked gratuity, out_o:f the tax money of vague idea that a wool schedule will probably be adop.ted some the people. It is nothing else. There is no pretense that they are day, and they doubtless had such an idea soon after the last entitled to the duties which are now proposed on the ground that election. they use this taxed wooL They have already got the wool. I Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. Senators on the other side seem saw a statement in a woolen journal yesterday that they had a to suppose-and I know that nothing I can say will change their two-years supply. Even if they have a one year supply, what is opinion about it-that every wool mannfa.ctnrer in the United it but naked robbery, under the forms of law, to give them this States is a very rich man, who can buy a year's stock of wool in enormous duty, when there is no basis in the world for it? advance and carry it. The contrary is the fact. Most of the Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. What is the contention; that there woolen manufacturers of the United States are not wealthy, and is a year's supply of wool in the hands of the manufacturers? have no surplus cash on hand to: invest in a year's. supply of wool. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. There has been a year's supply of Mr. RAWLINS. Will the Senator from Connecticut yield to . . wool imported into this country, according to the statements of me for a question? I will ask the Senator if it is not the theory all wool men. It amounts to a full year's consumption. The Sen- of the Republican party, frequently expressed by its leaders, a tor fTom Iowa admitted a wln1e ago that such is the fact. Now, including the President of the United States, that the foreigner they have that wool without paying any tariff on it, and yet you pays the import duty, the tax; and if that is true. upon what propose t.o put compensatory duties in this paragraph to compen- theory does the Republican party justify the imposition of com sate them for tariffs never paid. pensatory duties to make good the domestic manufacturer on Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. Not that the manufacturers have aceotmt of the supposed increased cost of his rawmaterials? got it. If it is in the hands of speculators, being held to charge Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. I must ask to be excused from the manufacturers the price to which it will be raised by the duty, entering into a discussion of the principles upon which the pro then the manufacturers derive no advantage from it. tective system is based. Unfortunately, the Senators who would Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I presume the men who want the like to explain it fully and at great length, and answer the very wool imported it, and the Senator from Rhode Island stated in remarkable and wonderful statements which have been made on his opening speech, as referred to by the Senator from Missouri, the other side for the last three or four weeks, are compelled to sit that this was being done and that the practical effect of it was silent in order to secure the passage. of the pending bill within any to deprive the Treasury of the revenue, and to compensate for time that will satisfy the country. that failure and so that the Treasury might get the revenue that Mr. MILLS.. I think it is a creation of fancy on the part of.the ought to have come from it, you propose to put a tax on beer and Senator from Connecticut that wool is imported into this country tea, by speculators and then sold to the woolen manufacturers. The Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. I merely rose for the purpose of woolen manufacturers could not carry on their business in that saying that as I understand the situation a very small proportion way. They have to have experts to buy their wool. 'The wool is of this wool has been imported by the manufacturers, but it has bought for a particular pm-pose, and a particular kind of wool is been imported largely by people with the idea of speculating upon bought and a partic:u.l_arly skillful person is: appointed to do the 1980 ~ONGRESSIONAL - RECORD-SENATE.. JUNE 24, work. I remember a few years ago being in New England and in in manufacturing. But there must be a market for the articles one of the largest woolen manufacturing establishments, and they that are manufactured before you can set your mills to work. pointed me to a gentleman whom they said theypaid$10,000 a year Where is that market to be found? It can not be fotmd in the to purchase their wool for them, and they said he could shut his United States, because the people are too poor to purchase the eyes and stick his hand into a bag of wool and tell what sort of articles manufactured. No man is going to manufacture an arti wool it was. They have to have a high-priced man to do that cle without first knowing he is going to have a market for it. It business. They are importing wool for themselves. is rot and nonsense to sit here day after day and discuss this sim· :Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I have been very highly edified ple question. for the last three days in listening to the discussion of the question The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the roll on whether there is 1 pound of pure wool in 3 pounds of wool in the agreeing to the amendment of the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. grease, or whether there is 1 pound of pure wool in 4 pounds of JoNEs] to the amendment of the committee. wool in the grease. I think that is a subject which has been dis The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. cussed largely and extensively here during the entire week. Mr. CHILTON (when his name was called). I am paired with This question assumes a greater range than the mere discussion the Senator from Oregon [Mr. McBRIDE]. of schedules or the arrangement of details. It involves the dis Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I am paired with the cussion of principles, it involves the discussion of consequences, Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. and it occurs to me that the thing which ought to present itself M1·. KENNEY (when his name was called). I announce my most strongly to the mind of every Senator is whether the seventy pair with the junior Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. PENROSE], odd million people in the United States are to bear the burden of and withhold my vote. an enormous taxation upon woolen articles necessary to their life Mr. McLAURIN (when his name was called). I announce my and their comfort. pair with the Senator from North Carolina fl\Ir. PRITCHARD]. I do not suppose there i<:~ a sheep in the United States to every Mr. RAWLINS (when his name was callea). I am paired with inhabitant, and yet the question of wool, the question of sheep, the Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA]. has occupied the attention of the Senate now for the last week. Mr. WARREN (when his name was called). I again announce It is a mere spectacular performance before the country. There my pair with the junior Senator from Washington (Mr. T URNER], is nothing else to it. Upon the one hand stand a few sheep grow Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I again an ers and a few wool owners who have contributed largely to the nounce my pail· with the junior Senator from North Carolina [Mr. campaign funds in the past and who are now demanding their BUTLER], and in his absence withhold my vote. compensation in the form of a prohibitory statute, and on the The roll call was concluded. other hand stand the millions of lambs in this country to be shorn 1\Ir. TILLMAN. Has the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. THURS• by the tax. TON] voted? What difference does it make so far as the particular item now The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. under discussion is concerned? The whole purpose and scope of :Mr. TILL1\IAN. I am paired with that Senator, and therefore the bill are not only to lay upon the backs of the people of this withhold my vote. . country additional burdens in the form of taxation, but it has a Mr. MALLORY. I am paired with the Senator from Vermont deeper significance, as expressed by the chairman of the Ways and [Mr. PROCTOR]. If he were here, I should vote" yea." Means Committee of the House of Representatives, and therein Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I again announce the absence of my lies one of its secret and hidden purposes, and that is to create a colleague [Mr. BERRY]. If he were present, he would vote "yea." fund so great, a surplus so great, that it can be used as a means of He is paired with the Senator from Illinois fMr. MASON]. retiring the greenbacks and the legal-tender notes and the other Mr. HARRIS of Kansas. I am pah·ed with the junior Senator forms of money which have been issued by this Government. from Wyoming [Mr. CLARK]. If he were present, I should vote It is the first step in that direction. If the bill passes and pro ''yea." duces, as I believe it will not, a surplus revenue, then the jackals Mr. MARTIN. I am paired with the senior Senator from and the cormorants who profit by it will hold up their hands and Montana [1\Ir. MANTLE]. I should vote ''yea" if he were present. elevate their sanctified noses and demand at the hands of Con Mr. GRAY. I ask if the senior Senator from Illinois (Mr. gress le¢slation that will retire the greenbacks and legal-tender CULLOM l has voted? notes. Then, when that is accomplished. as doubtless it will be The VICE-PRESIDENT. He has not voted. accomplished if things are to go on in the future as they have Mr. GRAY. I am paired with that Senator, and withhold my gone in the past few years, we will be informed that we have not vote. sufficient money, which we all now know. We will have com 1\fr. WARREN. By an arrangement with the Senator from mitted then the suicidal policy of retiring the greenbacks and Kansas [Mr. HARRIS], I transfer my pair with the Senator from legal-tender notes that are so dear and sacred to the common peo Washington [Mr. TURNER] to my colleague [Mr. CLaRK], so that ple of this country, and then we will be informed that the only the Senator from Kansas and myself can vote. I vote" nay." remedy the people have, the only relief we c3.n give them, will be 1\Ir. HARRIS of Kansas. I vote '' yea." • relief in the form of an extension of the powers of national banks. The result was announced-yeas 18, nays 27; as follows: Then this country will have passed into the hands of the manu YEAS-18. facturers. the national banks, and the great railway transportation Allen, Faulkner, Morgan, Vest, lines of the country, and the people will be absolutely and unqual Bacon, Harris, Kans. Murphy, Walthall, ifiedly at their mercy. These consequences can not be escaped. Caffery, Jones, Ark. Pasco, White. Yet d ignified Senators stand here and argue like boys at school Clay, Mills, Pettus, upon the grave and solemn question whether there are 2 pounds Cockrell, Mitchell, Roach, of grease to 1 pound of pure wool or whether there are 3. NAYS-27. Mr. President, I want to see the bill pass. I want to see it pass Allison, Foraker, Nelson, Spooner, as speedily as possible. In my judgment it will be the gigantic Burrows, Frye, Perkins, Stewart, Carter, Gallinger, Platt, Conn. Teller, failure of the age. It will fall short of producing revenue. Al Chandler, Hale, Platt, N.Y. Warren, though its purpose is as I said, I want to see the great body of Deboe, Ho:tr, Quay, Wetmore, honest American· citizens who believe there is something in the Elkins, Lodge, Sewell, Wilson. tariff issue to learn by bitter experience, if they can not learn Fairbanks, McEnery, Shoup, otherwise, that the tariff is a delusion and a snare, and that the NOT VOTlNG-44. only question for the American people to decide-the gt·eat ques Aldrich, Gear, Kyle, Pettigrew, tion which they must decide correctly if the Government is to Baker, George, Lindsay, Pritchard, survive-is the question of the volume and character of our money. Bate, Gorman, McBride, Proctor, Berry, Gray, ~:t:cLaurin, Rawlins, I am perfectly willing, so far as I am concerned, to walk into Butler, Hanna, McMillan, Smith, this Chamber occasionally and vote upon these schedules. I do not Cannon, Hansbrough, Mallory, Thurston, say that I will or will not vote upon the measure as a whole when Chilton, Harris, Tenn. Mantle, Tillman, Clark, Hawley, Martin, Turner, it is submitted. I do not know what course I shall pursue then, Cullom, Heit~eld, Mason, Turpio, but I believe, and I believe the American people are becoming Daniel, Jones, Nev. Morrill, Wellington, daily convinced, that the bill will be a failure the moment it is Davis, Kenney, Penrose, Wolcott. adopted. But if they want tariff, if nothing but tariff will do, So the amendment to the amendment was rejected. if our Republican friends say the seWement of the tariff ques Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I move, in line 15, paragraph 364, to tion will settle the question of prosperity, then let us have tatiff, strike out the words "three times" and insert "twice;" so that and let us have it speedily, and let it be high, Mr. President. the compensatory duty upon the manufactured material, instead Let it be as high as it is possible fo1· our friends on the other of being three times the cost of a pound of unwashed wool, shall side to make it. Let it prohibit the importation of hundreds of be twice the cost of a pound of unwashed wool. It was admitted articles. 'i'hen what will be the result? Where will prosperity yesterday in· debate a number of times that Port Phillip wool, come from? Oh, the mills will open, so say our friends; men which, asnobodywill deny, is the wool mainlyimported and used will be set at work in the different departments of industry and by the manufacturers, shrinks at the rate of about 50 per cent, 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1981 or that 2 pounds of unwashed wool will make a pound of scoured Mr. ALLISON. The commas should remain. wool. There is no reason for making larger the increases in Mr. JONES of Arkansas. There are four proposed amend- favor of manufactures. They go exactly in the line of the other ments in line 25. outrages we have been speaking about. I hope the Senate will Mr. ALLISON. I wish the amendments of the committee in- adopt this amendment. ser ting the word" plain " and striking out the words "for under- The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment · wear " to be disagreed to. _ of the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. Jol\"'ES] to the amendment of The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendments the committee. of the committee which have been stated. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I ask for the yeas and nays on the The amendments were rejected. amendment to the amendment. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded the Committee on Finance was, on page 122, line 26, paragraph to call the roll. 363, before the word ''cents," to strike out "thirty" and insert Mr. CHILTON (when his name was called). I am paired with "forty;" EO as to read: the Senator from Oregon lMr. McBRIDE]. On blankets, and flannels for underwear composed wholly or in part of wool, Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I am paired with the valued at not n:or.e than 40 cent~ per pound, the duty per pound shall be the . N Jersey [Mr SuiTH} same a:; the du t-y Imposed by this act on 1 pound and one-half of unwashed S enat or fI om ew . · .w. • _ • • wool of the first class. · · Mr. G~AY (~he~ his ~ame was ca lea): I am_paired With the The amendment was agreed to. Senator from llhnms [,~11. ~~"LLOM] on this questiOn. If he were The next amendment was. on page 123, paTagraph 365, line 2, preRent. I should vote ye!l· . . after the word "on," to strike out "1 pound and one-half" and Mr. KENNEY (when his n~me was called).~ I am paired With in ert "2 pounds·" so as to read: . thMreSenMatLorAfUroRmiNPe(nnhsy lvh~ma [Mr · PENR°sd'E)J · I ·. d 'th The duty per pou~d shall be the same as the duty imposed by this act on S . c w en IS name was ca11 e . am paire WI pounds o ~ unwashed wool of the first class. the Senator from North Ca~·olina [Mr. PRITCHARD]. . · . Mr. JONES of Arkansas. When was that amendment offered Mr. MALLORY (when hiS name was called). I am paired With Mr. President? ' the Senator from Vermont [Mr. PROCTOR]. If he were present, I Mr. ALLISON. It is an amendment which I sent to the Secre- Bhould vote "yea." . . . tary's desk. Mr. RAWLINS (~hen his name was called). I am paued With 'l'he VICE-PRESIDENT. Itisan amendment submitted by the the Senator from OhiO [Mr: HANNA]· Senator from Iowa. Mr. WARREN (when hi~ name was called). By th.e sa?le ar- Mr. ALLISON. Is the amendment agreed to, 1\Ir. President? ~an~,Sement that was hereto_fore made I transfer my pair With the The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, the amendment JUmor Senator from Washmgton [Mr. TURNER]_ to my colleague will be considered as agreed to. [~fr. CL~KJ, so t?at the Sena~r from W!ommg [Mr. CLARK] Mr. ALLISON. In line 3 of the same paragraph I move to . will stana paired with the SenatOI from Washmgton [Mr ·TURNER]' strike out the words "5 cents per pound and fifteen" and insert and thus relieve the Senator from Kansas [Mr. HARRIS] and my- "thirty." self. I vote " _nay." . . . · The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. Mr. WELL~N~TON (~h~n his nam~ was called). ~ a~am an- The SECRETARY. On page 123, paragraph 365, line 3, after the nounce my pa1r With the JUnior Senator from North Carolma [Mr. word "thereto," it is proposed to strike out "5 cents per pound BuTLER]· and fifteen" and insert ''thirty;" so as to read: The roll call was concluded. And in addition thereto, 30 per cent ad valorem. Mr. HARRIS of K_ansas. Under the arrangem.ent stated by the The amendment was agreed to. Senator from Wyommg [Mr. WARREN] I am at liberty to vote. I The reading of the bill was resumed The next amendme t of vote '' yea." . . · . _ n . Mr. MARTIN. I desire to announce my pair with the senior the Committee .on ~mance was, ~n pag~ 123, P~~agiaph 36o, line Senator from Montana [Mr. MANTLE]. I should vote" yea, if he 4, after the words ad valorem, to strike out valued at more w t than 30 and not more than 40 cents per pound, the duty per pound ~.PJO~S of Arkansas. I announce for the day the pair be- shall be twice the duty imposed l?Y this. ~ct on 1 pound of un tween m collea(J'ue [Mr BERRY] who is detained from the washed wool of the first class. and m ~ddi.tJOn thereto 8 cents per Y ~:;o • • d ' S f. Ill' . pound and 20 per cent ad valorem;" m line 10, after the words Chamber by pubhc duties. an the enator rom I~Ois [;¥r. "shall be," to strike out "three" and insert" two and one-half;" MASON]· If my colleague were present, he would vote yea. in line 13 before the words ''per centum "to strike out'' ten c ts The result was announced-yeas 19, nays 26; as follows: per pound and twenty" and insert "thirty-five;" in line 16, be~~re YEAH-19. the word" times," to strike out" and one-half;" and in line 18, Allen, Faulkner, Morgan, Tillman, before the words" per centum," to strike out "fifteen cents per Bacon, Harris, Kans. Caffery, Jones, Ark. ~~~~y, ~:l~hall, pound and twenty" and insert" forty;" so as to read: Clay, Mills, Pettigrew, White. Valued at more than~ cents and not more than 50 cents per pound, the Cockrell, Mitchell, Pettus, duty per ponnd shall be two and one-half times the duty imposed by this act on 1 pound · of unwashed wool of the first class, and in addition thereto NAYS-26. 35 per cent ad valorem. On blankets composed wholly or in part of wool, .Allison, Foraker, Perkins, Teller, valued at more than 50 cents per pound, the duty per pound shall be three Burrows, Frye, Platt, Conn. Thurston, times the duty imposed by this act on 1 pound of unwashed wool of the first Carter, Gallinger, Platt, N.Y. Warren, class, and in addition thereto 40-per cent ad valorem. • Chandler, Deboe, ~~~'i:, ~~~il, ;~~~re, The amendment was agreed to. Elkins, Lodge, Shoup, The next amendment was, on page 123, paragraph 365, line 20, Fairbanks, McEnery, Spooner, after the word "pound," to insert "and all flannels other than NOT VOTING-«. plain;" so as to read: Aldrich, Gear, Kyle, Penrose, Flannels composed wholly or in part of wool, valued at above 50 cents per Baker, George, Lindsay, Pritchard, pound, and all flannels other than plain, shall be classified and pay the same Bate, Gorman, McBride, Proctor, duty as women's and children's dress goods, etc. Berry, Gray, McLaurin, Rawlins, Mr. ALLISON. I hope that amendment will be disagreed to. Caunon,Butler, Hansbrough,Hanna, McMillan,Mallory, Roach,Smith, The VICE-P.R ESIDENT. The question Is· on t h e amen d ment Chilton, Harris. Tenn, Mantle, Stewart, proposed by the Committee on Finance, which has just been Clark, Hawloy, Martin, Turner, stated. Cullom, Heitfeld, Mason, Turpie, Th d t · t d Daniel, Jones. Nev. Morrill, Wellington, e amen men was reJeC e . Davis, Kenney, Nelwn, Wolcott. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. On page 123, line 3 of the paragraph So the amendment to the ao.endment was rejected. just read, after the word '• class," I move to insert the words ''for The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question now is on agreeing to each pound of wool contained iu said article." the paragraph as amended. This raises the same question that was presented by a similar The pai·agraph as amended was agreed to. amendment in a previous paragraph, that there shall be compen- •rhe reading. of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of sation allowed for the wool actually contained in the article, and the Committee on Finance was, on page 122, line 25, paragraph not for the entire article, without regard to whether it be wool or 365, after the word" blankets," to strike out the comma; in the cotton. There is no use to argue it any further. same line, before "flannels," to insert ·'plain;" and in the same There is another thing I wish to state that I had overlooked. I line, after the word" flannels," to strike out the comma and the had printed in the RECORD day before yesterday, while I was dis words "for underwear." cussing this paragraph, a statement which was published in the Mr. ALLISON. I ask that the two amendments changing the Bulletin of the National Association of \Vooll\Ianufacturers, and text be disagreed to, so that the clause may stand as it came from I bad read this paragraph referring to the 1\IcKinley tpriff: the other House. The wool duties of 1800 were. in a large degree, a departure from the prin- ciple laid down in 1867, and they were the subject o ~ severe and proper Mr · JONES o fA r k ansas. D oes the S enato r ref er t 0 the amend - public criticism in consequence. They were fixed so high in relation to the ments striking out the comma a, or the changes in the text? then prices of wool tha.t they necessitated duties on woolen goods equiva.len• ·1982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ JUNE 24, to about 98 per cent ad valorem on the actual importations. Thus the wool Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I now move to insert after the word and woolen schedule of that tariff became the central point of attack, and was largely r£>sponsible for the political revolution which resulted in the re "class," in line 12, "for each pound of wool contained in said peal of the tariff of 1890 and the passage of a law placing wool on the free list. article;" and to insert the same words after the word "class " in I was calling the attention of Republican Senators to this fact, line 17. This I do for the purpose of keeping the record sti·ai'ght and undertaking to show them that the rates under the pres and without any hope of making an impression upon Ephraim' ent bill would be higher on an average than the rates under the who seems to be joined to his idol. . ' McKinley law. The Senator from Wyoming [Mr. W ARRE~] .The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment proposed by the asked me a question as to whether I thought the tariff on carpet senator from Arkansas will be stated. wools would be 100 per cent, and the RECORD shows that Ire The SECRETARY. In paragraph 365, line 12, after the word plied "yes." My attention was directed to the wool schedule and ''class," it is proposed to insert ''for each pound of wool contained not especially to this other matter. I know of course that the in said article;~' and in line 17. after the word "class " to insert rate on the carpet wools under the McKinley law was only 50 per "for each pound of wool contained in said article." ' cent, and the increase under this bill can not reach 100 per cent. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment The point I pmposed to make was that the rates on wool generally submitted by the Senator ~rom Arkansas _[Mr. JONES]. in the schedule would average 100 per cent. I had just exhibited Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I only WlSh to call attention to specimens of manufactures that would carry a tax of 100 per cent the very hi;sh ad valorems indicated upon the comparison before in connection with others that would carry a tax of 185 per cent. us upon this schedule. On pages 188 and 189 of the comparative I state this in justice to myself. It was an inadvertence when I statement it appears that the ad valorem rates range all the way said the tax on carpet wools would be 100 per cent. from 63.48 to 125 per cent. I ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment. I desire to call the attention of the Senators from the manufac The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded turing States. who have got, it seems to me, a discriminating duty to call the roll. in this bill, to the comments made by a very able and respected Mr. CHILTON (when his name was called). I am paired with protPctionist, formerly a member of this body and now Secretary the Senator from Oregon [Mr. McBRIDE]. of State. I refer to his comments-ve1·y brief, but pointed-upon Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I am paired with the the acts of 1883 and upon the McKinley law, and have no doubt Senator from New Jer. ey [Mr. SMITH]. if be WTites the obituary of the present bill, that he will similarly 1\Ir. GRAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the comment. Senator from Illinois [Mr. CULLOM]. The real struggle- Mr. KENNEY (when his name was called). I a~in announce my pair with the Senat.or from Pennsylvania [Mr. PENROSE], and Says Mr. Sherman in his Reeollections- withhold my vote. · The real Rt_ru~g~e in tariff legisl!l-tion is one of sections, or, as General Han Mr. McLAURIN (when his name was called). I announce my cock trnlysa1d, 1t lS "a local question." The Republican party affirms that it is for a protective tari:tf. '.rhe Democratic party declares that it is for a tariff pair with the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. PRITCHARD]. for reven)le only; ~ut generally, when Republicans and Democrats together Mr. MALLORY (when his name was called). I announca my are framing a tariff, each Member or Senator consults the interest of his pair with the Senator from Vermont [Mr. PROCTOR]. If he were "deestrict" or State. It so happens that by the constitutional or&':mization of the Senate two sections have an unequal allotment of Senators m propor here, I should vote ''yea." tion to population. The New England States have twelve able and experi .l\1r. MORRILL (when his name was called). I am paired with enced Senators, with a population, according to the census of 1800, of 4,700,745. or one Senator for less than <100,000 inhabitants. the Senator from Tennessee [M.r. HARRIS], and so withhold my The nine ::;tates west of the ltfissouri, commonly clas :Mr. VEST. I ask for the yeas and nays on that amendment. adding flannels, bl:mketa, shawls, knit fabri<:s, wom€n's and chil The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded dren's dress goods, and cl<>ths, made wholly or in part of wool, to call the roll. and valued at n<>t over 70 cents a pnund. This covers the coarser Mr. CHILTON (when his name was called). I am paired with woolen fabrics. which I thought and still think ought to go upon the Senator from Oregon [Mr. McBRIDE). the free list. In pa ~ sing over the bill and taking up its paragraphs Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I am paired with the I de ire to r eserve the right, if my amendment shall be subse Senator from New Jersey f:Mr. SMI'tH]. quently adopted, to return so as to make the necessary corrections Mr. HAWLEY "(when 'his name was called). The Senator in the dutiable paragraphs. from Delaware fMr. KENNEY] has authorized me- again to an From the demonstration which the frequent roil calls have nounce the tran1Uer of our pairs; so that the Senator from Ten afforded, I think future changes very doubtful and improbable. nessee [Mr. BATE] will stand paired with the Senator from Nevertheless I make the reservation, so that I may be right on the Pennsylvania [Mr. PENROSE], and that will enable the Senator record. . from Delaware and myself to vote. I announce that for the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair will take notice of the after-noon. I vote •: nay." statement of the Sena.tm· from Texas. Mr. KENNEY. Under· that arrangement, I am at liberty to The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of. vote, and I vote '' yea." . the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 366, line 1, page 124, Mr. McLAURIN (when his name was called). I agam an after the word '"'"similar," to insert "description and;" in line 2, nounce my pair with the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. after the word character," to strike ont "and &scription;·~ in line PRITCHARD] . 5, after the word" yard," to strike out" the duty shall be seven" Mr. MALLORY (when his name was caJ.led). I again an and insert" six and one-half;" in line 7, to strike out "the duty nounce my pair with the Senator from Vermont [Mr-. PRocTOR]. shall be eight" and insert "seven and one-fourth;" and in line 8, If he were present, I should vote.,' yea." after the word "addition," to strike out: Mr. R.d. WLINS (when hisnamewascalled). I am paired with To the foregoing duties there shall be im-posed on such goods valued at not the Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA], and therefore withhold my exceeding 10 cents per square yard 2 cents per square yard; valued at more than 10 cents per squar e yard and not exceeding J2t cents per square yard, vote. 3! cents per square yard; valued at more than 12t cents per squ-are yard and Mr. WARREN (whenhis name was called). I again announce not exceeding 17t cents per square yard, 5t cents per square yard; valued at my pair with the Senator from Washington [Mr. TURNER]. more than l1t- cents per square yard and not more than 221 cents per squ-are yard. 7t cents per square yard; valued at more than '-1 cents per square yard., Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I again an 7t cents per square yard., and in addition thereto 2 cents per square yard for nounce my pair with the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. each and every 5 cents per square yard of value or fractional part thereof in BuTLER]. If he were present, I should vote "nay." excess of 22} cents p er square yard; and in addition to all the foregoing duties there shall be imposed ou all the articles mentioned in this paragraph a duty The roll call was concluded. of 20 per cent ad valorem. Mr. WARREN. By arrangement, with the Senator from Utah [Mr. RAWLINS], I transfer my pair with the Senator from Wash And insert ''thereto on all the foregoing, 50 per cent ad va ington (Mr. TURNER] to the Senator from Ohio [nf-1~. HANNA]; so lorem;" so as to make the paragraph read: that the Senator from Utah and I will be at liberty to vote. I 306. On women's and children's dress good , coat linings, Italian cloth.B, aud goods of similar description and charact-er of which the warp consi ts wholly vote ''nay." of cotton or other vegetable material with the remainder of the fabric com Mr. RAWLINS. Under that arrangement I rnn at liberty to posed wholly or in part of wool, valued at not exceeding 1.5 cents pel' square vote., and I vote '< yea." ya.rd, 6i eents pe:r square yard; valued at more than 15 cents per squa.re ya.rd, 7t cents per square yard; and in addition thereto on all the foregoing, 50 per The result was announced-yeas 24, nays 30; as follows: cent ad valorem; Provided, That on all the fore~oing weighing over-! ou:nces YEAS-21. per square yard the duty shall be the sam.e as rm-posed by this schedule on cloths. ..Allen, Gorman, Morgan, Roach, Bacon, Harris, Kans. Murphy, Tillman. The amendinent was agreed to. Caffery, Jones, Ark. Pasco, Tnrpie, Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I shoul-d like to ask: the Senator from Clak, Kenney, Pettigrew, Vest, Coc rell. Ma:rtin, Pettus, Walthall, Iowa what is the effect of the proviso at the end of the paragraph Faulkner, Mills, Rawlins, White. PrO'I:ided, That on all the foregoing wei~hing over 4o ounees per square yard the duty shall be the as imposed oy this schedule on clo~haf NAYs---30. same Allison, :b~a.ir banks, McEnery, Ste-wart., Mr. ALLISON. They go in the above schedule instead of this Burrows, Foraker, Perkins, Teller, schedule. Darter, Platt, Conn. Thursto~ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The purpose is to take everything Chandler, F~Ga · ger, Platt, N.Y. Warren, Clark, Hale, Quay, Wetmore, out of the paragraph that weighs over 4 ounces a yard? Davis, Hawley, Sewell, Wilson. Mr. ALLISON. Four ounces to the square yard. Deboe, Hoa.r, Shou-p, l\Ir. JONES of Arkansas. It takes out everything and prac Elkins, Lodge, Spooner, tically abolishes'the paragraph. NOT VOTING--85. Mr. ALLISON. Oh, no. We take-a few things out. Some of Aldrich, Gear, Lindsay, Nelson, them may weigh more than 4 o-qnces to the square yarn. These BakN·, George, McBride, Penrose., Ba~ Gray, McLaurin, Pritchard, ladies' dress goods generally weigh less than 4 oun.ces to the square Berry, Hanna., McMillan, Proctor, yard. Tliat is the paragraph in the McKinley law, and it is all Butler, Hansbrough, Mallory, Smith, right. Cannon, H:l.rris, Tenn. Mantle, Turner~ Chilton, Heitfeld, Mason, Wellington, The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of Cullom, Jones, Nev. Mitchell, Wolcott. the committee was, in paragraph 367, page 125, line 8, after the Daniel, Kyle, Morrill, word "act," to stnlre out "the duty sha.ll be eleven" and insert So the amendment of Mr~ VEST was rejected. 'ten and one-half;" and after the word" addition," in line 9J to Mr. PETTIGREW. I desire at this time to offer an amend strike out: . ment to the bill which I ask to have read and printed, and give To the fore~oing duty on such goods valued at not exceeding 12! oents per notice that I shall offer it later. square yal'd, 3 } eents per- square yard; va.lued at more than 12t cents per square yard and not exceeding 17t cents per square yard, the duty shall be The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment intended to be pro 5t cents per square yard; valued at more than 17t cents per square yard and posed by the Senator from South Dakota [Mr. PETTIGREW] will not more than 2:!t cents per square yard, ':'t cents p er square yard; valued at be stated. more than ~cents per square yard, 7t- cents per square yard, and in addi tion thereto 2. cents per square yard for each and every 5 cents per square The Secretary read the proposed amendment, as follows: ya.rd of valne or fractional part thereof in excess o! 2Zt cents per square y:ard; Every contract, combination in the form of a trust. or association or cor and in addition to all the foregoing duties there shall be impo._ed on all tha poration whose effect is to restrict the quantity of production or increase the articles mentioned in this paragraph a duty of 20 per cent ad valorem. price of any article, or any conspiracy in restraint of trade shall be deemed a trust within the provisions of this act. And insert "thereto on all the foregoing 50 per cent ad valorem;" •There shall be levied. collected, and paid a tax of 10 per cent upon the so as to make the paragraph read: value of all articles manufactured by a trust, as above described. . The Secretary of the Treasury shall make all the necessary ru1es and regu 367. On women's and children's dress goods. coat linings, Italian cloths, shall be bunting, and goods of similar description or character, composed wholly or in lations to carry out the provisions of this act, and the tax collected part of wooL, and not l:q)ecially provided for in this act, 9 cents per square by the Secretary of the Trea~ury; and any person connected with or in the employ of any trust, as herein described, who shall sell any article, the prop yard; and in addition thereto on all t he foregoing 50 per cent ad valorem. erty of said trust, upon which the tax lills not been paid, shall be fined not The amendment was agreed to. less than 1,000 or more than $5,000, and be im-prisoned for not less than one or more than five years. Mr. VEST. Does that conclude the amendments of the com And all goods sold without the payment of tax as herein provided shall be mittee? . seized and sold and the proceeds of such sale turned into the Treasury of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. It concludes fue amendments of the United States. committee. 1 The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment intended to be pro Mr. VEST. I wish to call attention to the duties imposed by posed by the Senator from South Dakota will be printed and lie the amendm-ents to paragraphs 366 and 367. I haTe not been able over. to tell exactly what the duties are, but I ean safely assert. that Mr. CHILTON. Some time agoigavenoticeof aname~dment they amount to between 80 and 100 per cent on all the goods men 1iread. Here it is. I should be very sorry to see them put in a position where [exhibiting] appears a sample of French cassimere, rather a mod they could not so adorn themselves. est article, but after all we all recognize it-those of us who have Mr. WHITE. I hope the Senator from Delaware will not dis families-as something we have seen and something very neces play that red gaTment to the other side. It may break up the sary. The present rate is 50 per cent. The present price is 1St caucus. cents. Fifty per cent added is a very good t ax one would think. Mr. GRAY. What is the tax on this article? The present price The proposed Senate rate of duty is 50 per cent and 1()t cents per is 28 cents, and under the proposed duty it will be 41 cents. Of square yard. Under the proposed duty the price per yard is 28t course that is so much a yard. It would be a dollar or two on a dress cents. That is only very little per head, but 28t cents per yard is pattern or a cloak pattern or whatever else you want; but when 10 cents a yard more than the present price; and in buying a you come to multiply it in the course of a year by the number of sufficient quantity for a dress-! do not know how many yards times you.want to buy it, and consider the many other articles 1897. C0NGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. :1985 advanced in price in the same way, it is a considerable item, and or they are both manufactured articles. There is no way around it should not be imposed npon the people without due thought it. ! ·challenge any man on this floor or anywhere else to show .... and without considering whether it is a just burden which they the American people why the farmer's product of wool, when it are called upon to bear. is sheared and delivered, is not as much a manufa-ctured product Then here ·[exhibiting] is another article, called French check, as cloth is when it leaves the loom. The Senator does not wear which is now worth 30 cents a yard. Here it is. [Exhibiting.] the wool as it comes from the sheep, nor does he wear the cloth as We all recognize these things. We do not want to abolish them, it comes from the factory. You might just as well say that the and we ought not to make it harder for the people to get them. only manufacturer is the tailor who takes the cloth and makes the That is what the manufacturers want to do-to make it a little clothes. harder for the people to get those things, in order that they may Now, then, there is another theory the Senator advances. He charge an enhanced price for theh· product. The.price of it is 30 assumes that the tariff imposed upon articles manufactured abroad cents, and you propose by your duty to make it 41 cents. must make similar manufactured articles made in this eountrv Here (exhibiting] is another, a German serge, which now costs that much higher to the consumer in this country. Yet that Sen 33 cents. You will make it 46 cents. There [exhibiting] is an ator knows, and I know, that there .have been articles made and other, a German cheviot, which is 42 cents, and you propose to sold in this country continually upon the market at a price much make it 72 cents, if this table is right. There [exhibiting] is lower than the amount of tariff alone imposed upon similar articles another, a German cotton warp, fancy. It costs 24-t cents, and when imported. you propose by your duty to make it 31t cents. In the manufacture of woolen goods it does not matter if we I only call attention to these in passing, that it may not be said should vote here fi. ve times the compensatory duties that are really · that Senators who are in favor of the bill do not know what will necessary, it would not cost the consumer one penny more for one .be the real practical effect upon the masses of the people who pay yard of cloth, unless it was some novelty sprung upon the market the indirect tax-indirect, but nevertheless real. quick and sold fora short time before somecompetitorcouldmake You can not compensate illegally or unduly or unfairly one the same fabric. class of people without taking it from some others. Therefore, as Mr. GRAY. The Senator from Iowa says it would. I said in the beginning, we see what effect a naughty deed once Mr. WARREN. So far as cloth making is concerned, there is indulged in produces. You have put these exorbitant taxes upon not a piece shown by the Senator but that can be made in this raw materials which ought to come in to give employment to country. The Senator knows just as well as I do that with the American labor and stimulate their ingenuity in making these Yankee ingenuity that he sometimes alludes to, and with the capi fabrics in competition with the whole' world and increasing our tal in this country, just so soon · as one manufacturer is making export trade; you have shut them out practically, and you have an article upon which the net profits are more than the proper enabled the manufacturers, in order to compensate them, to charge interest of to-day, another manufacturer starts in to make the these increased prices to all the people of this country. That is same article. So while we want to give every manufacturer an the way this concealed tax, this masked burden and exaction is opportunity to make his goods by keeping out- foreign goods of imposed upon the people. the kind, as a matter of fact the competition between manufac Mr. WARREN. Mayl ask the Senator from Delaware a ques turers will protect the wearer of woolens, as it will every other tion? article of consumption, where there is not an unlawful, illegal Mr. GRAY. Yes. combination, or some trust thats~cceedsin cornering the market, Mr. WARREN. I should like to ask the Senator from Dela to put up or put down the price of some product at will. ware if he is not one of those who voted for a tariff on woolen Regarding the commerce in wool and woolens, there has never fabrics in the Wilson bill? · been a suspicion of the manipulations of a trust or combination Mr. GRAY. . I voted for a revenue tariff in the Wilson bill. that I ever heard of. There has never been a time.when wool or Mr. WARREN. Purely a revenue tariff? woolens have been sold upon futures and sold short and sold long. Mr. GRAY. No; I will not say it was purely for revenue. There has never been a time when they have been cornered or That is what I wanted, but could not get. when any combination or any trust has controlled the product. I will tell the Senator what I did. I voted for the lowest tax I So woolen goods, like wire nails and a great many other articles could get, because I recognized it as a practical question then. As made of iron, may be sold, as those articles have been sold, at the has been said here before, the system of tariff protection had been lowest figure at which they can be manufactured here in this in vogue for very many years; the poison of that false policy had counti·y and pay the workmen their price and pay a legitimate got into the blood of the American people; and it had produced return upon the money invested. its legitimate effects. So I say that while my constituency may not be interested di Capital had gone into the protected industries, and while I and rectly in the manufacture of a single woolen article, yet I am most of my associates were in favor of free trade and wanted to ready to stand here and vote now and always to put a compensa turn our faces in that direction, we still did not want to strike a tory duty upon each and every article sufficient in the judgment disastrous blow to those who in good faith had embarked upon of those who know-the manufacturers themselves if necessary enterprises which were fed to some extent by protection taxes. So to exclude, to prohibit if necessary, if you wi11, foreign manu we proposed to go slowly. As the Senator from Arkansas said factures of the same kind, so as to afford employment at good the other day, we proposed to take the edifice down by taking wages to every American citizen desiring occupation. down one brick at a time from the top, and not by destroying it Now, we do not propose to prohibit the import of wool. Until by dynamite or blowing it up from the foundation. That is the we raise enough, we have got to import it. We ask for no prohib t·eason. itory duty. We should resent and repudiate any duty of that Mr. WARREN. May I ask the Senator from Delaware another kind. But when it comes to a duty upon such manufactures as question? If that is the case, and if he desired to take it down can be successfully produced here, so far as I am concerned, I am brick by brick, I will ask the Senator why, when he imposed taxes ready to vote a prohibitive duty, if you please, because I know as revenue taxes or protective taxes or tariff, he put them all upon that as a consumer I am protected by the laws of trade and com manufactures of woolens and none on wool? Was that taking petition here as between one manufacturer and another. off the protection from wool brick by brick? As to the duty that is required upon wool by woolgrowers, we Mr. GRAY. I think I have answered the Senator. Enough have a long history to look back over. It has been demonstrated has been said here about free raw material. We proposed that by the rise and fall in the number of sheep over and over again the manufacturers of our country and the labor of our country that on any duty less than the duty proposed in this bill the num should not be kept away from the raw materials of industry and ber of sheep and the value thereof have rapidly decreased in this enterprise wherewith to work. We did not propose to debar them country, and whenever there has been a duty of more or about from the opportunities that free raw material gave. We did not what is proposed here there has been an increase in the number disregard the interests of the manufacturers and the men who and value of sheep. labor in a protected mill, but we wanted to conserve them, and Before the Wilson bill was passed the statistics of the United we desired to conserve them by giving them free raw materials States showed that the sheep in this counti·y were worth over wherewith to work. S125,000,000, or nearly 8126,000,000. The same statistics show that Mr. YvARREN. I should like to ask the Senator another ques after two years of the action of the Wilson bill, which the Senator tion. Why is cloth a manufactured article and wool not? And from Delaware voted for, and which refused the woolgrowers a why does he not protect and foster the laborer engaged in wool cent of protection, and refused to take revenue even from foreign growing as well as in cloth weaving? wool that came in-preferring the fot·eign woolgrower to his own Mr. GRAY. I am not a catechumen. countrymen-sheep had decreased in price to a little over S66,000,- Mr. WARREN. I assumed that the Senator from Delaware 0LIO in value, lacking but a few dollars of a loss of one-half in the would not answer the question, because he can make no answer. valu·e of sheep in two short years of Democratic- misrule. The man who produces wool producE's the manufactured product Thus we have shown, and the records show, and it takes no ar of the farmer. The man who produces cloth produces the manu gument, and it need take no time to show that it is necessary in factured product of the cloth maker. They are both raw materials ·order to continue that industry to have a duty -about such as ia XXX-125 '1986 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JUNE· 24, proposed her:e, or perhaps· a larger one. That· has been demon.: which gave 50 per- cent to- the woolen. manufacturers and nothing ·strnted. to the' W(:>Olgrowers, shows very plainly, followed: as it i& by his Now, sir, as to the duty upon goods, I repeat that-the price of obser:vations; that he acknowledges an apology is due .. · manufactured· goods in thi:s country has never been controlled' for Mr. GRAY.. Mr. President, the peoRle who raise wool: and the any length of time bythe amount of dntythat was levied on man people who ra1oo cotton do not need protection from the Govern ufactured goods of like character. It has been regulated by the ment, and they have never asked it in any way-that would. indi laws of trade and competition within our own land. cate that-they did. They are content-by-their industry to develop Mr. GRAY. Mr. President; I am very loath to occupy time·, the resom·ces of nature and trust to that sense- of fairness and _but really we ought to stop 1ong enough just to know what we justice which ought to be found in a legislative assembly to pre are doing and what this tax provision amounts- to. The Senator vent them :f;rom b~g unfairly burdened by taxation for the bene from Wyoming has said that the number of-sheep has veTy much fit or other mdustnes-no mor.e worthy than theh· own. decTeased under the Wilson bill,..I think. Was it not? But, Mr. President-, the. Senator says if they. will give him what Mr. WARRE .N~ Yes, sir. Judge Lawrence ~all& this am1>le protection,_ this- indemnity for Mr. GRAY. If the people of the United States submit to these ~epastandsecUTity for the ~ture-terms wl?-ich a.foreign enelllJ7, outrageous exactions without protest-and. without a fight against 1f they had capt:ure~ the c~p1tal, wonTd use if they weTe turning them- around, to loot It-mdemmty for the past and security for the Mr. WARREN. The· people expressed themselves on that ques future,. conside1ing the rest- tion at the last election. Mr. WARREN. Mr~ Ptesident-- Mr. GRAY. We will find out that there are-·more sheep in tlie Mr. G R:A Y- One· momr:nt. C~nsidering the rest of the people United States than I imagined. ofth~ Umted States a_s their_enemies and speaking of the hostility Mr. WARREN. The people have exp:ressed1themselve&. that 1s developed agamst this great and· new- industry of raising Ml·. GRAY. There are more sheep in the United States.than I wool. If that is to be the line of conduct, then we are to under imagined. I do not believe there are that many. st.:'l.ud:from.the Senator that he· is willing, as a largess to the manu Mr. President, I do not propose to go into the intricate subject facturer, whose raw material he has made more expensive and (intricate only on the part of those who believe as the distin harder-to get; that-they shall levy also an additional subsidy out of guished Senator from Wyoming) of free raw material or: its phi the same people, out of the same home market, which means an the losophy, but what I do want to say, and I repeat, is that the num people of the United States who wear woolen cfothes. He is will ber of sheep under the tariff act of 1867, as was stated by the ing_to give them, from·the pockets of these same people, a bounty 'Senator from :Missouri the other day~ steadily decreased, and the which shall oe as: large as they demand, and! then. he says there number of sheep under the McKinley tariff-act steadily decreased, will be no very great inj ury don-e by it, because. forsooth thecom unless the Senator: from Missouri is altogether mistaken. petition that- takes place inside of the tariff wall is. going to bTing Mr. WARREN. You must-have-misunderstood him. down th~ price of these commodities-to· a fair-and reasonable rate. Mr. GRAY. Unless I am mistaken: in· the s-om·ce of his state- Well, if that be so, when are we to expect it?· When was it ever ment- known that a protected interest was willing that the tariffi wall 1\fr. WARREN. If the Senator will allow me should be lowered? · When was it ever known that-they·came for Mr. GR'AY. I may be mistaken. ward and s~id, "Now this industry in its struggling state has Mr. WARREN. I can not allow the Senator-from·Delaware- to been nm·sed rnto strength and into manhood and·we are willinO' to malign the Senator from Missouri in hi& absence in that-manner. take a less exaction and· to lower this. protective wall?" Can the I do not think the Senator from Missom::i stated anything of the Sen-ator cite me any interest in which that has been· done? Has kind, because it would be untrue if·he did state it so. the wool interest? Has the wool interest, that has been protected · Mr. GRAY~ Wheth-er it be the number of sheep or the price for these many years, ever arrived at a state when it was willing of wool, there was a. steady decline. So tlie intimate relation be to lower the rate on the clip? tween a tariff on this raw material, which I insist upon calling it, Mr. W ARR.EN. It has been lowered. and its price is, it seems to me, demonstrated to be dtiierent from l\Ir. GRAY. Has it ever been done with the consent of the what th:e Senator fl:om.Wyoming thinks it. If we are to be taxed woolgrower? Does the-Senator from Wyoming know of a single u.pon everything that grows from the ground, whether it be lum in~tance where they have come-into the Halls of Congress and ber, or cotton. or wheat, or the wool on a sheep's back, and then sa1d, "After th,ese long years and generations of protection, we upon everything that is- manufactm·ed from· them, of course we are willing-now, because our industry. is established and the num• get into a very vicious circle, and I do not know that anybody is ber·of our flocks haS'increased, that this should come down in the very much protected. The-Senator has gone around that circle interest of the poor people who have been paying us this subsidy all of protective argument until he has arrived at his starting point, the3e years?" I pause for-a reply, if the Senator has-any reply to and yet I do not see- exactly how.- he is any better off than when make to that question categorically. Has: ther-e ever been a time? he began. · , M:r. WARREN. Will1 the Senator repeat-his question? What I insist upon is that we would be better o:fE if we had no Mr. GRAY. I am sorry the Senator was· not liBtening to me· taxes-tariff or other-except those that are imposed for public I can not repeat it. , revenue, and that no dollar be taken from the American people Now Mr. President, the Senator says it will not inci'ease very and that no industry be compelled. to pay tribute except to defray llluch the price of. these goods-that is what I understood him to the necessary expenses of the Government economically admin say-by 1·eason of this competition. r should· like to know how istered, and that not one cent of taxation-ought to- be allowed for the manufacturers are going to be protected if tlley·do·not get an other than public purposes. increased price. How are they going to be compensated for-the I suppose the Senator understands that. that is the position that increased, price- of the raw- wool? Do you not expect the wool we occupy, or many of us, on this side of the Chamber. It is very growe_r to,get more for his wool by reason of this tariff tax, I ask different from th~ one occupied· by the Senator from Wyoming, the Senatm: from Wyoming? . -who believes- that even the primitive industry,, the oldest in the Mr. WARREN. As the Senator insists- upon asking the ques history of the world, that of raising flocks and clipping·thafleece, tion-- needs to rest upon the paternal support of legislation. I do not :Mr. GRAY. I ask him a dvH and respectful question, r hope. believe that a Government partnership in this very primitive and Mr: WARREN~ r ask the Senator not to put words in my crude industry is necessary from any point of view. I would mouth, but to quote me correctly. have. if I. could, not a cent of protective tariff· in any of, these Mr. GRAY. I have not quoted you. I have as-ked thequestion, schedules, and· then I would leave the manufacturers in this cotm and I desire an answe-r. If the Senator will answer my question, try, whose nrosperity I desire and whose enterprise I am proud of, r will be obliged to him. with the great advantage that yon are taking from them, and·that Mr. WARREN: What is the question! is, the advantage of access to the free raw mate1ials upon which :Mr. GRAY. 1\1y question was- whether he does not expect that labor and ingenuity and skill can be exercised for the uplifting the price of wool will be increased to the woolgrower by reason of and the benefit of the whole· human family. this tariff. That is the cundition for which I am contending; and which I l\fr. WARREN. Yes. will approach; and if I am content to approach it gradually on Mr. GRAY. Well ~ that is all now. If the price is increased to account of the scare made by those who have liv.ed· so· long on the woolgrower by reason of the tariff, and the manufacturet· is Government-subsidy, I am not to be reRroached fox inconsistency compensated by a.n increased tax on the manufactured article, because I have been somewhat influenced by the·piteous anpeals then the consumer must pay an increased price, and· nobody com of those whathink that they can not carry on the natural indus pensates the consumer, as ]}have said before. tries of the world without calling-upon help from their neighbors Mr. WARREN. Now, will the Senator permit me to finish and from the Government taxation. my answer? Mr. WARREN.. Will the Senator from Delaware indulge me Mr. GRAY. Oh, certainly~ a moment? I take that to he a sort of apology for insisting unon Mr. WARREN.. It is unquestionably true that the-woolgrower protection to manufacturers but no protection to. the·ruratpeo will' receive more by·the tari:re on wool ~ because we do not raise ple, the agriculturists. I take it that his vote on the Wilson bill, enough to supply the home market, and because there is not, and l897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. '1987 without protection can not be, sufficient competition at home. our legislation, by our fiat, by our supreme power and authority, .AI3 regards woolen goods, I stated then and repeat now, it does will enable you to charge the American consumer more than you not matter in the protection against foreign importations whether would otherwise be able to receive if it were not for that com you have placed your compensatory duty too high or just high bination." It is to protect these manufacturers from any competi enou~h, because the consumer gets the benefit of all the competi tion except that which is within the charmed circle of the protective tion m manufacturing at home, and that regulates the price. tariff; and precisely that thing is done when you form a trust We have in this country manufacturers enough. The case is So this is a great tariff trust. It is a trust of the sheep grower of quite different in regard to sheep. Wyoming, and it is a trust of the woolen manufacturer, sane Now, while I am on my feet, if the Senator will allow me- tioned by law, protected by law, encouraged by law, approved by :Mr. GRAY. Please excuse me. lam veryindulgentandihave the legislation of the Congress of the United States. Now, what great respect for the Senator from Wyoming, but I do not want are we to do? Competition inside of this circle is to produce these him to put anything of his own in my speech, but just to reply in wonderful results and neutralize all that is promised these very his own time. people. Mr. W AR.REN. I should say- Mr. President, I can understand why the wool industry of the 1\Ir. GRAY. You have your own time, sir. Of course I do not United States has developed out of its original and primitive state want the Senator to put in my argument what he has to say. I The seat of sheep h usb_andry has gone beyond the Mississippi River asked him a question and I certainly have given him abundant I know that in the great State of the Senator from Wyoming there scope for an answer, and now I propose to proceed. is an enormous opportunity for that husbandry that does not exist The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GALLINGER in the chair). in my State, that does not exist in the Atlantic States, and that is Does the Senator froni Delaware yield to the Senator from Wyo ceasing to exist in the States of Ohio. Illinois, and India;na~ in ming? comparison with what is growing up in those far Western regions Mr. W ARRE.N. The Senator declines to yield. Who is to protect the Ohio sheep husbandman from the competi M.r. GRAY. No, sir; I do not decline to yield. I have yielded. tion of the Wyoming sheep husbandman, where yon have a range The Senator knows I did not decline. over land never paid for, over the free lancl of the United States 1\lr. WARREN. I wanted to finish thequestionhehadaskedme. those great sheep ranges and cattle range ? Mr. GRAY. If I have- Can a man who lives in the State of Ohio or in Indiana or llii Mr. WARREN. I will not embarrass him further. He knows nois, and who pays anywhere fi·om fifty to one hundred dollars an he is traveling in close quarters. acre for h ~ s land, compete in the sheep-growing industry, with Mr. GRAY. No, no. these natural developments which have been seized upon, the Mr. WARREN. And it is getting closer. or>portunities which have been afforded by nature and by the law Mr. GRAY. That is an old trick that the Senator may use on of the United States in opening these great reservations? How the stump in Wyoming, but you do not emban·ass me, and never are yon going to compete with them? And yet the Senator from have, by any such argument. Wyoming, who has this great natural advantage, who lives in a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware is country where these great flocks of sheep can range at the will of entitled to the floor and will proceed. the owner over hundreds of thousands of acres, wants a p1·otective Mr. GRAY. Here we have it again, that there is competition tariff from all his less favored fellow-citizens in the East and in which is to counteract the effect of the tariff. The tariff is to the 1\iiddle West in order that he and his people may have an in raise the price and competition is to lower it. I should like to ask creased advantage and an increased profit over what nature and ,.how the manufacturer is to get this proposed benefit that is prom opportunity have so abundantly given them. 1·sed him in compensation for the high price that he has to pay for 1t1r. President, if there is anything fair in that, if there is any his tariff-taxed wool. It is very obvious that the tariff to the thing just in that, I want to hear some one explain what the fair manufacturer creates with him precisely in principle what is cre ness and what the justice is. We know that for years the farmers ated by a trust, those great institutions which ar~so much talked of the East and on the Atlantic Coast have been suffering from about now and so much denounced, and have been the theme of the competition of the West. There is no protective tariff that so much vituperative eloquence on this floor. The tariff creates can h elp them. They have to submit to it. Then I should like to a trust foT the manufacturer just as suTely as the combination of know how it is, and by what justice those who have captured this the manufacturers of sugar created a trust in the name of the great industry. and who now control it with such remarkable ad AmericanSugarRefiningCompany. Itdoesnotdifferinprinciple. vantages, come here and demand from the millions of the consum The Government of the United States is asked to stand and will ing public in the East, who must wear woolen clothes and work stand guard along all the shores of this continent and keep off at some other industry just as worthy as theirs in order to get the foreign competition and ten the manufacturers on the inside of wherewithal to buy t hem, ancl demand from them tribute to in tho e Racred precincts they may work their sweet will so far as crease the price of the wool of the Wyoming sheep grower? they are concerned upon the American consumer. That is just J'fir. WARREN. Mr.President,onlyamoment. Idonotdesire what the trust does. That they are identical in principle, that to continue the argument with the able and courteous Senator manufacturers who have taken the Gove1nment into partnership from Delaware [:Mr. GRAY], because official figures are stronger m this way stand upon precisely the same ground that a trust than argument, no matter how worthily made or by whom given. stands, has been recently declared judicially by the supreme court I will just notice in passing that the Senator's estimate of the of Germany, as stated in a paragraph that I noticed the other day returns to the woolgrowers from the tariff on sheep and the con m the New York Journal of Commerce. sequent expense to the consumer is at the rate of 17 c.ents to 100 From the Berliner Tageblatt of June 3 we translate the following: sheep. He already has that on record. I noted it in passing, and .. The supreme court of the German Empire, Leipsic, has rendered the fol now I will ask consent to have printed in the RECORD the official lowin~ important decision concerning combines and trusts, which will be of figures of the United States from 1872 to 1895 as to the number greatmteresttoothernations,andespeciallytotheUnitedStates.wberetrusts plaJV such a prominent part in comlllereial and industrial affairs. The above and value of sheep in the United States. mentioned court bas distinctly declared that trusts and similar combines are The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the table :perfectly legal. The motives given for this decision are as follows: When referred to will be printed. in the RECORD. m certain industrial branches the prices of such products are sinking too low, thereby making impossible or endangering a successful business thereof, the The table referred to is as follows: crisis which necessarily follows is not only pernicious to the individual but also to polirical economy in general. It is therefor in the interest of the Sheep. Sheep. whole community that inadequate low prices shall not prevail too long in January1- January 1- 1----.-----· any industrial branch." I Number. Value. Number. Value. Just what the high-tariff protectionists claim that this Govern 1872 ______31,679,300 $88, 771,197 1884 ------50,626,626 $119,902, 706 ment ought to say. 1873.------33,002,400 97,922,350 1885------50,360,24'3 107,960,650 1874 ___ ------33 9" 200 88,690,569 1886------48,322,331 92,443,867 "In accordance with this principle the legislative bodies have repeatedly 175------33:7 a:ooo 94, 3:..J(), 6-'i2 1887------44,759,314 89,872,839 and quite recently undertaken to bring about higher prices for certain prod 1876 ______3.5,935, 300 93 6u6 318 1888------43,514, 755 89,279,926 nets by establishing_protective duties. It can, therefore, not be deemed ab 1877 ______----- 35, l304, 200 42,599,079 90,640,369 1818 ______35,740,500 so:89'.!:6M 1889------solutely and generally obnoxious to the interests of the community when 80,603,062 1890------44,336,012 100,659,761 the manufacturers of certain articles form a combination for the purpose of 1879 ______38, 123,800 79' ()'23 .• 984 43,431,136 100,397,447 preventing ruinous competition and to mitigate the downward tendency of 1891 ------1880.------!11, 765,900 90 . ~.537 1 92 ------44,938,005 116, 121, 290 prices for their products. On the contrary, such combinations can be re 1881 ______----- 43,576, 81}9 104,070, 759 47,273,553 125,909,264: garded not only as a warranted manifestation of t.he impetus of self-preser 1893------1882_ ------4.5, 016, 224 106, 594, 954 1 94 ------45,048,011 89,186,110 vation, but also as a mea.<>ure for the in~ ) rest of the whole community, in 1883______49,237,291 12!, 365, 835 42,294,_00! 66,685,767 cases where prices are so low that the manufacturers of them are threatened 1895 --·------with financial ruin. For this r eason the formation of syndicates and trusts has been designated by several authorities as a means which, when properly Mr. CHANDLER. 1\Ir. President, I ask unanimous consent adapted, would prove remarkably expedient to prevent extravagant and detrimental overproduction." that the vote may be taken on the pending motion. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Mr. President~ in -confirmation of Mr. President, I should like to ask what else the tariff is ex whathasjustbeensaid bytheSenatorfrom Delaware [:Mr. GRAY], P..?~ed to do except to enter into a combination, in this eas&, for I wish to call attention to the distribution of sheep through the -...;>tance with all the woolen manufacturers and say," We, by United States. I have a table made up in numbers.by thousands 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. JUNE 24, giving the number of sheep in the different States and different there were 2,351,000 sheep in 1865, and 1,890,000 in 1896; and -that sections of the Union from 1865 to 1896-97, from which it will ap in the Western States, which are favored by the natural ad vantages pear that in 1865 there were 24,799.000 sheep in certain Eastern so distinctly pointed out by the Senator from Debware. there States-Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, New were in HI~O, 5,456,0:>0 sheep, and in 1890-97 there were 17,860,000, York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, In showing the movement of the 8heep toward the localities with the diana, illinois, and West Virginia-and that that number had best natural advantages, and of their falling off in the more set decreased to7,709,000in1896-97; that in the Southern States-Vir tled parts of the Union, where the price is higher and the land ginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, more costly. Tennessee, and Kentucky-there were in 1865, 2,297,000sheep, and I will insert these tables in the RECORD. there were 2,807,000 sheep in 1896'-97; that in Missouri, Texas, and The PRESIDING OF.tnCER. Without objection, it will be so California there were in 1868, 4,404:,000 sheep, and in 1896-97 there ordered. were 6,063,000 that in Kansas, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota The tables referred to are as follows: I.-Numbe1· of sheep in the sheep-raising States east of the Mississippi Rive1· and north of Virginia in the di.ffe1·ent yew·s given below. State. 1865. 1868. 1871. 1876. 1881. 1886. 1891. 1895. 1896-97. Maine.----- ______.------.------...... 905,000 752,000 4.15,000 525,000 630,000 5.37, 000 5!8,000 284-,000 230,000 New Hampshire ...... ------____ 655,000 530,000 230,000 242,000 :wi,OOO 195,000 183,000 10ti,OOO 77,000 Vermont . ______------____ • _____ .... ----- ______1,252,000 1,042,000 548,000 490,000 508,000 378,000 351,000 2'27,000 158,000 Massachusetts ____ ------______------·--- 202,000 175,000 72,000 76.000 65 000 6!,000 56,000 5U,OCYI 42,(XX) Ne"v York ...... ------·--··---- ...... ------____ !,576,000 4,997,000 2,080,000 1,936,000 2,338:000 1,596,000 1,39!,000 1,096,000 809,000 175,000 194,000 150.000 130,000 127,000 107,000 100,000 50,000 4.1,000 w:~;::::Kfu.- ======: ::::::::::::~: :::= =: ::::::::: =: ==== 3,422,000 1, 762;000 1,640,000 1,6.Y.l,OOO 1,1 9,000 1,().111,000 1,179,0!X'J 799,000 2,~·~ 276,000 135,000 141,000 153,000 169,000 157,000 1l'.8,000 12i'i.OOO N:fJ~~~- :::::::::::::: ::::::::::~ :::::::::::::::::::::::: 5,795:000 6, 730,000 4,6!1,000 !,5!7,000 4,243,000 4, 753,000 4,001,000 3,577,000 2,369,000 Michigan ...... ----...... ------.. ------3,02ti,OOO 3,948,000 3,078,000 3,451,000 1,930,000 2,269,000 2,203,000 1, 962,000 1,342,000 Indiana .... ____ ----. ____ ------__ . ___ ----.------2,456,000 2,88t,OOO 2, 100,000 1,250,000 1,029,000 1,088, 000 1,150,000 836,000 655,000 Illinois ______...... ____ ------.... ------2,062,000 2, 736,000 1,424,000 1,311,000 1,155,000 1,00.'l,OOO 771,(1(){) 857,000 604,000 West Virginia------·------* 580,000 880,000 563,000 544,000 660,000 G25,000 519,000 635,000 458,000 Total ...... ------24,799,000 28,564,000 17, 198,000 16,283,000 14,717,000 13,975,000 12,593,000 10,897,000 7, 709,000 *Estimated. IL-Numbe1· of sheep in the p1·incipal sheep-raising States south of Maryland. State. 1865. 1868. 1871. 1876. 1881. 1886. 1891. Ul\1.:>. 11$~97. 458,000 658,000 395,000 356,000 447,000 4ll3,000 «4,000 449,000 392,000 ~!;~~-r-ouna :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 226,000 326,000 315,000 284,000 386,000 469,000 398,000 357,000 319,000,.. South Carolina .... ----·--·---· ...... --·------150,000 180,000 157,000 143,000 187,000 113,000 99,000 7il ,OOO 73,000 Georgia.... ------· ...... ------.. ------250 000 346,000 2ti9, llOO 371,000 378,000 501,000 333,000 403,000 3!5,000 Alabama ______-----· ------______...... ______175:000 257.000 200,000 186,000 225,000 337,000 275,000 326,000 252,000 !Iis.<>issippi ___ ...... ------.------150,000 193;000 200,000 152,000 202,000 276,000 235,000 391,000 306,000 Tennessee------175,000 26!,000 400,000 858,000 604,COO 511,000 494,000 382,000 Kentucky------· ...... ------813,000 896,000 90!, 000 ::·~. 1,0'~1,000 903,000 766,000 1,0W,OOO 738,000 Total ...... ------2,297,000 3,120,000 l 2,8!0,000 1 2,518,000 3, 7().!,000 3,666,000 3,l11,000 3,544,000 2,807,000 ITI.-Number of sheep in the below-mentioned Sta.tes in the Southwest. State. 1865. 1£68. 1871. 1876. 1881. 1886. 1891. 1895. 1896-97. Missouri.------·------____ ------____ 809,000 1,377,000 1,578,000 1,284,000 1,619,000 1,285,000 899,000 soo,roo 697,000 Texas.------...... ------.------8-97,000 1,137,000 1,691,000 6,023,000 6, 802,000 4, 990,000 3, 738,LOO 2, 789,000 California_------...... ------...... ____ ------2,200,000 3,636,000 6, 750,000 7,493,000 6,069,000 3,712,000 3,526,000 2,577,000 ------Total------____ ------...... _------______------...... 4,40!,000 6,351,000 9, 725,000 15,135,000 14,156,000 9,601,000 8,1M;OOO 6,063,000 IV.-Number of sheep in the older Northwestern States in the years given below. State. 1865. 1868. 1871. 1876. 1881. 1886. 1891. 1895. 1896. Kansas ------...... ------60,000 102,000 115,000 124,000 450.000 1,190,000 447,000 27-l,OOO 222,000 1,466,000 2,591,000 1,822,000 1 664 000 .wa,ooo 468,000 452 000 628,000 5M,OOO ~~~oiii-iiii::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::~::::::::::: 970,000 1,881,000 1,056,000 1:163:000 1,329,000 1,219,000 890,000 896,000 709,000 65,000 129,000 140,000 190,000 314,000 278,000 3-31,000 489,000 405,000 Minnesota.------.. ------Total ...... ------2,561,000 4, 703,000 3,133,000 3,141,000 2,556,000 3,155,000 2,120,000 2,281,000 1,890,000 V.-Numbers of sheep in the new far Western States. State. 18';0. 1880. 1883. 1886. 1891. 1895. 1896-97. Nebraska ...... ------...... ---- ....: .------______------·----- ~.ooo 172,000 W.A,OOO 448,0:JO 234,000 183,000 188,000 -South Dakota ------...... ------...... 140,000 25{,000 270,000 323,000 336,000 North Dakota ...... ------.------140,000 25!,000 3~.000 367,000 356,000 Montana .... ------...... _------...... ------··_ 405,011() 719,000 2,089,000 2,808,000 3,122,000 520,000 518,000 1,119,000 1.~. uoo 1,672,000 ~rg:g: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::~:::: :::::::.::::::::::::::::::::: 1,212,000 1,126, 000 1,819,000 1,305,000 1,411,000 New Mexico ...... ------..... ------...... ------...... 2,120,000 4,019,()()(l 3,960,000 4,328,000 3,123,01){) 3,008,000 2,08H,OOO Arizona ...... ------.------...... ------· .... ------60"~,000 890,000 59!,000 741), 000 829,000 Utah.------... ------·--···-- 513,000 651,000 2,005,000 2,039,000 1, 998,000 Nevada.------_-----.------... ------...... 367,000 661,000 5M,OOO 544,000 544,000 Idaho_ ... ____ . !'•• ____ ------.... ------.-----.... ------.------·-- 125 000 210,000 502,000 919,000 1,376,000 Washington.------.------.------ 390:000 545,000 673,0(){) 748,(J00 741,000 Oregon ------·---. ------...... ------500,000 1,265,000 2,403,000 2,469,000 2, 431,000 2,530,000 2,00!,()()() Total ...... - ..... ------2,642,000 5,456,000 10,961,000 12,825,000 15,733,000 17 14.1,000 17,860,000 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1989 Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Mr. President, I was very much not one solitary cent of which they have ever paid, but the whole interested in the part of the remarks of the Senator from Delaware of which is paid by the people. relating to the cost of goods and the illustrations which he gave to I have a number of pieces of these goods on my desk, and I shall the Senate. I have a number of similar samples. I have in my not go over all of them. They include ladies' dress goods and hand a fabric, "cotton warp worsted," the cost of which abroad goods for men's wear. I shall insert in the RECORD the state is 32 cents a yard. Under the Wilson law the tariff on this article ments accompanying these samples, so that Senators who are in would be 12.8 per yard-less than 13 cents a yard. The tariff under terested in the subject may examine them. the present proposed mPasure would be 25 cents specific and 50 'Ihe statements referred to are as follows: per cent ad valorem, which would be equivalent to 16 cents. The 27~inch black luster orlean for men's summer coats, cotton warp and foreign cost is 32 cents, and 50 per cent, the manufacturers tariff worsted weft, costing 3~ p ence per running yard, weighing under 4 ounces to the square yard: provided in this bill, would be 16 cents, and the compensatory Cents. tariff for the next twelve months, to be given to the manufacturer Present duty, 40 per cent.------~ ------·------·· ____ ---· 2.70 for no consideration whatever, will be 25 cents on an article cost ing 32 cents. I have already pointed out to the Senate that there is no tariff paid upon the wool out of which these goods will be manufac tured and that we are giving a compensatory tariff for tariffs TotaL ___ ---- ____ ---· ______---- _____ ----__ 7. 50 which are not -patd and will not be paid for the next twelve months which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 111 per cent duty. on this article costing 32 cents. We are paying 25 cents compen 27-inch black luster orlean for men's summer coats, cotton warp and worsted weft, costing 4.} pence per running yard, weighing under 4 ounces to satory tariff, together with an ad valorem equivalent to 16 cents, the square yard: to the manufacturers to protect them in their manufacture. This Cents. illustrates the outrage of giving a compensation, against whicli Present duty, 50 per cent ______-__ ------4.13 we have protested a.nd against which we have again and again t-o-day voted. It shows the wrong in this matter, and it is not by any means a small matter. ~ _ · I have here samples of another fabric, costing 21 cents abroad, on which the tariff under the present law is 8.4 cents per yard. •rotal ______-- ~ ______. ______8.26 The tariff under this bill would be 50 per cent ad valorem, equiva which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 100 per cent duty. lent to 10! cents on a cost of 21 cents; and the compensatory spe 27-inch black luster sicilian for men's summer coats, cotton warp and worsted weft, costing 3t pence per running yard, weighing under 4 ounces to cific tax intended to compensate for the tariff npon wool which the square yard: bas not paid is 21.6 cents a yard on an article that cost 21 cents. Cents. The specific compensatory tax paid on that fabric is more than Present duty, 40per cent .... ------·------·-----·------3.10 100 per cent of the foreign cost; and in addition to that there is a tariff of 50 per cent that is given to the manufacturer for Under Senate bill the duty will be- . -- protection. · ~JUsp~~l~~~~a~~-:~~-~==~=~~=~~::::~===~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:1~ This manifestly shows how this compensatory tax for a tariff never paid operates on the people of this country. When we buy Total __ ... ___ . ______----- ______• ----- _----- _----- ____ ---- 8. ()(} abroad $100. worth of this article, we must pay not only the $50 for which, if entirely ad -valorem, would be 103 per cent duty. the manufacturer's protection, but we must pay more than $100 3"!-inch colored italian lining, cotton warp and wool weft, costing 6t pence per running yard, weighing under 4 ounces per square yard: as a tax to compensate the manufacturers for tariffs they have not Cents. paid-a plain, naked robbery. There can be no more polite or Present duty, 50 per cent _____ ------·------6.50 civil word used in connection with such legislation. I have another sample here of wool and cotton suitings, which cost 66 cents a yard abroad. The tariff under the present law is 26.4 cents. The ad valorem tariff of 50 per cent under the pend ing bill would be, of course, 33 cents a yard, and the compensa Total ______... _----- _----- ______·-· ·-- ____ ------· ____ 11. B8 tory tariff paid for the imaginary wool tariff is 54 cents. But it which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 87 per cent duty. is scarcely necessary to multiply examples of this kind. I have 3:?-inch black italian lining, cotton warp and wool weft, costing 7t pence here samples of another and lighter character of goods which cost per running yard, weighing 4! ounces per square yard: 22 cents a yard abroad. Under the present law the duty is 40 per Cents. cent, which would be 8.8 cents, a little less than 9 cents. Under Present duty, 50 per cent ______------··-----·------·-- 7.62 the Senate bill there is a duty of 50 p<:"r cent ad valorem, which, Under Senate bill the duty will be- -- of course, would be 11 cents, the foreign cost being 22 cents; a d 32 cents per pound.·------·-·------7.56 the compensatory tax, the specific tax -placed on the fabric to pay And 50 per cent ______------_-----_-----______7.62 the manufacturer for the tariff that he has not paid on this article Total ------______·--- ____ ---·-- _____ ... ------______15.18 costing 22 cents, is 24 cents-more than 100 per cent, in addition which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 99 per cent duty. to the entii·e 50 per cent, which the manufacturers claim is all the 27-inch black cashmere for men's sumruer coats, cotton warp and wool protection they ask. weft, costing ? pence per running yard, weighing under 4 ounces per square The manufacturers have lived under the general tax of 40 per yard: cent in the Wilson law when they have had free wool; and now Cents. when you propose to tax the wool by a protective tariff of 50 per Present duty, 50 percent ______------7.00 cent ad valorem, a rise of 25 per cent on the tariff theretofore ex Under Senate bill the duty will be- isting, and in addition to that a specific tax of 24 cents a pound, 6t cents per square yard .. ·--- ____ ------____ ------4. 87 under the false pretense of indemnifying them for tariffs that they And 50 per cent---- _____ --··-·--- ____ ·--- _____ --·--______7. 00 have paid on the raw wool, when they have never paid one cent. you are putting a tax of more than 100 per cent on the goods Total ---·------.------___ . ____ ------____ 11.87 which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 84 per cent duty. which are used by our people. What is ·the use of saying that 27-inch black cashmere for men's summer coats, cotton warp and wool the purpose of this thing is not to raise the price of these articles weft, costing 8t pence per running yard, weighing 4t ounces per square yard: to the people? If it does not mean that, why do you want this Cents protection? Why would these people come here asking for these Present duty, 50 per cent. ___ ------·-·_--·------8. 75 taxes if they did not believe that they would increase the cost? Under Senate bill the duty will be- It is a matter- well known to all of us that it does increase and 32 cents par pound. ______-·------______6. 37 raise these prices by these amounts; and if they do not, the men And 50 per cent ____ ------. ____ ------______8. 75 who are asking for the passage of this bill will be worse fooled than anybody else. TotaL------_____ ------____ ------______15.12 Mr. President, I had not intended to detain the Senate longer, which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 86 per cent duty. but my associates around me say," Give us another sample." I 38-inch black mohair brilliantine dress goods, for women's wear, cotton warp and mobah· weft, costing 9 pence per running yard, weighing under have laid aside a number of' these. Here (exhibiting] is a sample 4 ounces per square yard: of heavy, coarse cloth used for the purpose of making coarse, Cents. cheap overcoats. It costs 31 cents a yard, and the duty on this Present duty, 50 per cent. ______------__ .... ____ ···------·----- 9. 00 under the present law is 12.4 cents a yard, making it cost 43.4 cents when brought in here. Under the present tariff it would Under Senate bill the duty will be- 6t cents per square yard ___ _------______------____ 6. 86 be 15t cents a yard. The compensatory tariff paid upon this arti And 50 per cent ______------. ___ ------______------______9. 00 cle for wool upon which no tariff has ever been paid, while the fabric costs 31 cents, is 42 cents a yard, more tha-n 125 per cent Total ____ ·------_____ ... ______. ______------_--·-- 15.86 tariff upon this fabric to protect the manufacturers for a tariff which, if entirely a.d valorem, would be 88 per cent duty. ' I 1990 :coNGRESSIONAL- RECORD-- SENATE .. JUNE 24, Cotton and wool (shoddy) melton, 5i inches wide, lit ounces weight; value, Wool and cotton suitings, Zl inches wide, 12 ounces weight; value, 2s. 6d.; U pence; dutiable value, 21 cents: dutiable value, 59 cents: - Fresent duty, 4D per cent------~------___ ?enJ':'4 Present duty, 50 per cent.••.••• ------·------·------~~~5 Vnder Senate bill the duty will be- Under Senaw bill the duty will be- 36 cents per pound ...... ------____ Z1 ~n~558p~~rJ~~a-vaiorem:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: fo: ~ And 00 per cent ad valorem ....•....•. ------______------29.6 Total . ----- __ ---- ______.. _--- _----- ____ ....•. ------.,. 32.0 Total ______...•. ------.------____ .-----.------56.5 which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 1.50 per cent. which, if entirel-y ad valorem, would be 95 per cent. Union twill, cotton, wool, and shoddy, 56 inches wide, 16 ounces weight; Wool and cotton suitings, 54 inches wide, U ounces weight; value, 2s. lOd.; value, 11 pence; dutiable value, 22 cents. dutip.ble value, 66 cents: Cents. Cents. Present duty, 4D per cent .. ----- ...... •...•• -----···-· ...... ------ts-8 Present duty, 40 per oent______------··· ·-·---···------·- 26.4 Under Senate bill the duty will be- -- Under Senate bill the duty will b&- 36 cents per pot.md ______------·------M ~;a55~~~r~~~1-vaiorem:::::: :::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::·_:::: it And 50 per cent ad valorem ____ ------·------33 Total ------·------.... ______·--- 87 Total ...... ----· ·--· ------·------·------· ------35 whi-ch, if entirely ad valorem, would be 132 pe:r cent. ' which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 159 per cent. Cheviot, all wool, 5S inches wide, 00 ounces weight; value, 45. Gd.; dutiable 56-inch mixture worsted coating fo:r men's .suits, worsted warp and weft, value, $1.: 27 costing pence per running yard, weighing 12 ounces per running yard: Present duty, 50 per eent. ------___ ------$0.50 - Cents. Present duty, 50 per cent ..•.... ---··-----·----·------21 Under Senate bill the duty will be- 00 oonts per pound.·------_------____ ------. 67t Under Senate bill the duty will be- .And 50 per cent ad valorem.. ____ ------__ . ___ ------____ .50 . :f;355s:e;rc~~~1-valorem:-_:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Total __ . ---- ______..... -----...... ___ ------_------l.l'i't which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 117! per cent. Total __ --·- ______•..... ------_------______------· 51 Covert cloth, M inches wi-de, 32 ounces weig.ht; valn-e, 9 shillings; dutiable which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 94 per cent.. value, $2.00. Cloak:ings, cotton warp, wool and shoddy filling, 54 inches wide, 28i ounces Present duty, 50 per cent .... ------__ ------$1.04 weight;; value, l.s. 4:d.; dutiable value, 31 cents: Cents. Under Senate bill the duty will be- Present duty, 40 per cent ______------~------·12. 4 36 -cents per pound ______....,. ____ ------.72 And 55 per cent ad valorem.. ______------·------·. 1..14 Under Senate bill the dut-y will be- :::::::::: .Total . -- __ -----.--. ----.--_. ----- _____ ... ____ .• __ . t .• ____ • ___ ------_ _ 1. 86 ~ca58sJ;rJ~u~- vitiO:rem:~~ =~==~:::: ::::::::: ~ :::::::::::: ~ which, if entirely ad valorem. would be 89l per cent. Wool suitings, 56 inches wide, 18-19 ounces weight; value, lOs. . .3d.; dutiable Total ------57t value, $2.86: which, if entirely ad valorem, would be ]85 per cent. Present iluty, 50 per cent __ ----. ------·------~ ------:-- __ ; ____ ----- $1.18 Cotton warp worsted, 56 inches wide, 11 ounQCS wei~ht; value, 1s. 4fd.; dutiable value, ~cents: Under Senate bill the duty will be- Cents. 36 eents per pound. ______------_------·------·------. 41 Present duty, 4D per cent ______----·------··------1.28 And 55 per cent ad valorem------·------· LBO Under Senate bill the duty will be- Total ...... ------_.----.-----~ ..... _.. _--- - _____ ----_·---- _----- 1. 71 which, if entirely ad valorelp.,_ would be 72 per cent. . ::;3~sp~~rc~~f~1-va10iem::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::: ~ Clay worsted coatings, 56 mches wide, 26 ounces weight; value., 12s. 6d.; dutiable value, $2.90: Total . _. ~- ...... ------.... -.. ---- -....• ------.. ------41 Present duty, 50 per cent ______------·--·------$1. t5 which, if entirely ad valorem, wm.ud be 128 per cent. German cloaking, cott-on and wool, 50 mches wide, l.Oi- ounces weight; Under Senate bill the duty will b&- valne, 1.50 marks; dutiable value, 34-.5 cents: 36 cents per pound ...... ______------____ ·------______------______. '585 · Cents. And 55 per cent ad valorem ...... ------·------·-- 1.595 Present duty, 50 per cent._-----.------·------·--·------17.3 ~rotal ------· ---· .. ______------____ ------___ 2.18 Under Senate hill Y:te duty will be- which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 75 per cent. ~;dJ;\fe;rc~~t~~-valorem ..:::::::::: :: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ Mr. JONES of .A.rkap.sas. We have by m-ir votes to-day under taken again and again to remove this proposition to tax goods t o TotaL ... ------.------.------·. 43 compensate manufacturers for tariffs which they have not paid, which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 125 per cent. but we have been met by a solid vote on the other side without Fancy worsteds, 29 inches wide, 12i- ounces weight; value, 2 shillings; duti regard to the facts, without regard to right. You have insisted able value, 46 cents: Cents. on imposing these enormous taxes on the people to compel the Present duty, 50 per cent.------···----·------·---··----- 23 masses of the people to pay this compensation for money that has not been invested in raw material by the manufacturers. We Under Senate bill the duty will be- are powerless; we can not help ourselves. 28 :Mr. President, the development of the United States in an in- ::;J55~~;~.g~~~-vaiore~= ===:::: ::::~::: :::::: :::::::: :::·: :::::::::: 23 dustrial way is something remarkable. I presented some tables here the other day which showed that the people of this country Total ___ --- _. --·- ____ --· ... __ ---- __ ------_----- _. __ ---··· _--·-- ___ _ 51 consume to-day more-raw cotton in man ufactu.res than any other which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 1ll per cent. country on the globe; that we use more raw wool than any coun Worsted trou-sering, 29 ine.hes "wid-e, S ounces weight; value, 2 shillings; dutiable value, 46.5 cents: try in the world; that we are the largest producers of pig iron . ~n~ on the earth., and, indeed,in this great manufacture we have taken Present duty, 50 per cent.------·------23.3 the lead of all the nations of t-he earth. There is no longe1· any room for the pretense that we are an infant; there is no longer TTnder Senate bill the duty would be- any excuse for asking for the benefactions of the Gove1·nment or , fnde~t~~:~~~taS vaiorelli:::: =~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~- 6 to be asking Congress for protection against competition with the balance of the world. Total ______· --. _---- _------_------·. ------· 43.6 I will put into the RECORD a statement which I have had made up by a very competent man, Jacob Schoenhof, a careful, pains which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 94 per cent. German cloalrings, cotton and wool, 50 inches wide,li ounces. weight; value, taking, patriotic, intelligent man, a man who has no prejudices 2.25 marks; dutiable value, 52 cents: for or against any of these questions, and who looks at them, I Cents. believe, with absolute impartiality. The statement shows the in Present duty, 50 per cent••.•. ------··---·------·-·------26 dustrial progress of the United States for the last ten years, as Under Senate bill the duty will be- . compared with Great Britain and Germany. I will insert it as 5 a part of my remarks, and I commend it to the attention of ::ndJ~~~rnJ-vaiorelli:::::::·_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~- Senators. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the paper Total ------_____ ----· ------.. ---- -··------~---- 57.5 referred to by the Senator from Arkansas will be printed in the which, if entirely ad valorem, would be 110 per cent. RECORD. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_SENATE. · Against this we set the following articles of American manufacture, taken The paper referred to is as follows: out of the list of Table I: INDUSTRiAL PROGRESS OF THE U~TITED STATES FOR THE TEN YEARS PAST COMPARED WITH THE PROGRESS MADE IN GERMANY .AND GREAT BRIT.A.IN. Fiscal year- Calendar I start my comparison with. a showing of the exports of manuf~tures of Article. 1------...... ,.------r year metals, chiefly those whereof 1ron and st~l are the component matenals, 9:nd 188S. 1891. 1896. articles in which the labor cost is vastly m excess of the cost of the mater ial, even if we take the material as advanced in manufacture to the state of fin ished iron and steel. The totals of these highest finished articles of .manu Brass, and manufactures of--·····--·------ $150,000 $297, 000 $1, 02B, 000 facture chiefly m achinery, implements, and a-cparatus, exported m 1886 Copper manufactures ...... ••....••.... -···- 100, 000 ~90, 000 819,000 amounted to ~ ,61 8 .000; in ~89_1 to $!0,618,000, and ~ 1896 to $63,516,000. T_his Iron and steel manufactures: is an increase of eighteen millions, or 79.6 per cent, m the five years closl.Dg Cutlery------•..... ------...... ------112,000 146,000 188,000 with 1891 and of $2'.t,898,000, or fully 25 pe1· cent, over the increase of the five Firearms.-----.------.... ------.•.. 1, 779,000 859,000 734,000 years pr~ceding the five years closing with 1896. Builders' hardware, etc ______------2,466,000 3,858,000 6,1!0,000 Nails.. ----.----- ...... -----.--.------293,000 440,000 821,000 I.-Value of exports of finished articles of man1tfactUJ·es of iron and steel p!·o 196 000 248,000 304,000 gressed above the cntde and half-manufactured state, and of other_ rnam.tf~o 2,28-t;ooo 3,987,000 8,193,000 ' tures of similar cha1·acte1· where metals a1·e the component matertal of chlef Lamps,~b~~:~-~~~~~~~~:::::==:::~=:======chandeliers, etc ...... ••.... ----.----- 5!6,000 509,000 730,000 value, in 1886, 1891, and 1896. TotaL •...•. ------·------....• ____ ---- 7, 94.0, 000 10,534,000 18,955,000 Fiscal year Increase over preceding figures ...... •...... ------2,69i,OOO 8,421,000 l------~------l~ndar Increase ------Per cent...... 33.93 80 Article. 1896. 1886. 1891. year It will be seen that in these manufactures the German increase in the five Agricultural implements: years closing with. 1895 was very small. Based on the average of the five Mowers and reapers .•. ------$1,288,000 $1,567,000 $2, 889, 000 years from 1886 to 1890, inclusive, they show smaller progress yet. The total Plows and cultivators .... ------·.------322,000 597,000 680,000 mcrease of the average of 1891 to 1895 over the increase of the five years of All other, and parts of...... 757,000 1,035,000 1,075, 000 1886 to 1891 is but 7,000,000 marks, or $1,666,000, an increase of barely 3 per cent. The American increase in the exports of these manufactures has been TotaL·----- ~ -- .•...... •.•• ------2,367,000 3,219,000 4,6!4,000 prodigious. It is an increase of 82 per cent over 1891, i. e., $18,955,000 in 1896 Brass, and manufactures of---·---...... 150,000 297,000 1,026,000 against $10,53-!.000 in the former year. Germany shows no advance over the Carriages, cars, and parts ...... •.....•••...• 1,928,000 4,911,000 2,747,000 figures of the year 1891. · Clocks and watches ...•...•.... -···--.... ---·- 1,366, 000 1, 580,000 1, 659,000 The German exports of clocks and watches and parts of watches, 3old, sil Copper manufactures ....•...... ------109,000 190,000 819,000 ver, or any other material, amounted in 1886 to $1,808,800, in 1891 to $:.,689,000, Cycles, and parts of------·------3, 796,000 and in 1895 to $1,737,000. Instruments and apparatus for scientific The American exports in these, while lower in 1891 by $1.,000,000 than those purposes ..•••... ------·------480,000 1,576, 000 2, 717,000 of Germany, in 1896 were but about $100,000 behind the exports of Germany for 1895, the last year accessible for full information upon German trade. Iron and steel manufactures: America shows a P-rogressive export,w hila Germany falls behind the exports Cutlery ...•. ____ •....•••....••..••.••••... 112,000 146,000 188,000 of 1891 by nearly $1,000,000. Firearms ------.------···· ------1, 779,000 859,000 734,000 Carriages and cars and parts of cars have gone back from the figures of Builders' hardware, etc .•...•.•.... ------2,466,000 3,858,000 6,140,000 1891 by over $2,000,000, but are still considerably ahead of the exports o~er 2,585, 000 2,869,000 3, 051, 000 man¥· ~~~~bi~:.~r::~~~======::::~:::::::: 4,469,000 13,425,000 22,513,000 Eliminating these here-named articles from the general list counted up in Nails ...... ------.••. ------·.----- 29! 000 4.40, 000 821,000 Table I,. we have machinery of all kinds, agricultural implements, instru Scales and balances ...... _...•....•.... 281:000 318,000 irl7,000 ments, and apparatus of all kinds left to set against German exportations Stoves and 1·anges ...... ----·····-·····--- 196,000 248,000 304,000 classified under the heading of machines, instruments, and apparatus of a.ll Wire ____ ------•..•.•.•...•.... --·---..••.. 335,000 860,000 1, 788,000 kinds. The amounts for these exported in 1886 is $27,203,000; for 1891, $36,509,- All other ____ ------.... ----••.... 2,284,000 3, 987,000 8,193,000 000: for 1895, $47,147,000. .The American exports in the same lines present the following·figures: TotaL ..• ------•••... ---·...... 14,801,000 27,010,000 44,109,000 509,000 730, ()(() 1,328,000 1,269,000 Fiscal year- =~1 ==:~is~~==:======:======!======!=====~m:~ ======Article. Total .•••.• ____ ------•.•.••.•...• __ ·__ 22,618,000 4.0, 618, 000 63,516.000 1886. 189L 1896. Agricultural implements ______$2,367,000 $3,219,000 $4,6!4,000 The wages paid in the census year in tbe principal industries contributing Cycles, and parts of ------··------..•. ------· ----- 3,7!.>6,000 to these exports amounted to '189,64.6,000, which was distributed among ru6,51(1 Instruments and apparatus for scientific hands, making an average for each employee in these industries of 8580. If purposes ...... ------·------430,000 1, 576,000 2, 717,000 we divide the year into 50 working weeks, which is certainly a liberal allow Sewing machines...... 2,505,000 2,869,000 3,051,000 ance in view of the idle time that runs in under the name of holidays or other Other machinery------·-- 4,469,000 13,425,000 22,513,000 causes of stoppage in the working year, this is equal to nea.;rly $13 a week Scales and balances------·-··-·-·-----· 261,000 319,000 317,000 1,269,000 w{J;~ilting German wages, at a liberal allowance, as 20marks J?er week in these Musical instruments .. ·------· 871.,000 1,!!26,000 trades on the same computation of time for all employed m similar indus TotaL... ____ ----.----- ___ ------11,053,000 22,733,000 38,367,000 tries, which takes in minor!' and adults all at the same rate of pay, this gives Increase over figures of preceding five years ------11,680,000 14,63-!,0CO near three times as high a rate of wages in the United States as is paid in Ger many in the same occupations, if we take wages by 'the time. Increase.----··-----· ... ----- ...... per cent .. ------105 64.4 It will be interesting to see now what one of the modern, progressive coun tries of Europe, availing itself of the scientific inventions of the time, and, besides, being benefited by a low rate of wages in these industries, as of 1 t o 3 While 1891 shows yet a difference of Sl4,000,000 and of 38 per cent below the against the United States, has to show in progress and development when it exports of Germany, the year 1896, but five years later, shows only $9,000,000 comes to compete in the neutral markets of the world with the product of and 1st per cent belvw the exyort figures of Germany, considerable as has ;~~~~e~f. America, paying, under all considerations, the highest wages in been the increase in exports m Germany in these lines of goods. We have certainly reached in 189J beyond the exports of Germany for 1891, and even I exclude from this comparison all articles of crude manufacture, such as for 1894, when thel were only 4,000,000 marks more than in 1891, as a great in common castings, bar iron, steel rails, wire, ete. ~fti: ~~ ~l~.i. the preceding figures has taken place in German exports Exports of the special trade of Germany in manufactures of metals other than crude articles mentioned above as exempted from the tables relating to An equal showing of industrial progress of the decade for the closing of Am.eri<:an exp~rts, but other ~n_machipery, instruments, and apparatus: which, to wit., 1895, comparative data are at hand from the United ~gdom 1886, $36,1W,OOO, 1891, $48,218,800, 189<>, $48,5,5,800. and Germany, can be made by reference to the output of coal and p1g 1ron. II.-Number of tons of coal and of pig iron pTod-uced in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Gerrn.any in the ten year~ ft·on'l.1886 to 1895, inclusi1:e. [2,24.{) pounds for the United States and United Kingdom, and metric tons of 2,200 pounds for Germany.] United States. United Kingdom. Germany. Years. Coal. Pig iron. Coal. Pig iron. Coal. Pig iron. Tons. Per cent. Tons. Percent. Tons. Percent. Tons. Percent. Tons. Percent. Tons. Percent. 1885.------...... 4,,0«, 526 159, 351, 418 7,415,469 -----·5:5· 73,675, 500 3,687,400 1&!6.------96, 144,829 5,683,3:..}!} ---··m··- 157' 518, 4S2 ···=-·i:2· 7,009,754 73, 682,600 ----··:of 3,528,700 ----=-Ts 1887------.-----·------110, 727,906 15 6,417, us 13 162,119, 812 2.9 7,559,518 7.8 7li,ZJ2, 600 3.4 4,024,000 14 1888.------126, 819, 406 H 6,489, 738 1 169,935,219 .5 7, 998, 969 5.8 81,960, 100 7.5 4,337,100 7.8 1889.------· 126, 097, 780 .6 7,003,6!2 17 176,916, 724: 4.1 8,322,824 4 84, 913, 200 3.6 4, 524,600 4.3 1890.------140, 2, 729 11.7 9,202, 703 21 181,614,288 2.6 7,001,214 5 89,290, 800 5 4,658,500 3 l891.•••••• ------· ---- 150, 5(}.), 954 6.8 8,279,870 -10 185,47!),126 2.1 7,406,064 -6.3 9!, 232,300 5.5 4,64.1,200 -4 1892.------160, 115, 242 6.3 9,157,000 10.6 181, 786, 871 -2 6,709, 255 -9.4 92,544,100 -2 4, 937,500 6.( 1893. -~------· ---- 162,814, 977 1.7 7, 124,502 -22.2 164, 32.?, 7!!5 -9.6 6,976, !)00 4 95,426,100 a 4,986, 000 1 ]..89!_ ------.------152, 447' 791 -6.4 6,657,388 -6.5 188,277,525 14 7,427,342 6.5 98,805,700 3.5 5,380,000 7.9 1895.------.------172,426,366 13 9,446,308 4.2 189,661,362 7 7, 703,459 3.7 ------...... ------...... ------. 1886-1895 ••••.• ------79 ------·-- *133 ·------*19 ------*3.9 ------t34 ------H5.8 *1.885 to 1895. t 1885 to 1894. .}992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE . JUNE 24, For Germany the output of coal takes in coal pr()per and lignites, a species III.-Quantify of cotton consumed in the United States the United KingdO'fnt of coal not made use of in th~ United States or the United Kingdom as exten and Gennany in each of the ten yearsfrO'nt 1S86 to 1895 sively as in Germany, so far as I know. A somewhat more marked and steady pro~ess is shown from the German Per Per Per accounts from 1888 on, but still the progress IS left away behind by the prog- Year. United cent United l!"lnt cent ress made by the United States. . States. of in- Kingdom. of in- Germany. of in- A similar result do we get by a comparison of the quantities of raw mate crease. crease. crease. rials consumed by the three countries in those textile industries which give the most employment to human labor-the cotton and wool industries. I submit comparative tables of the number of pounds of cotton consumed 1886------1, 128,063, 588 1 517 186 720 354,127,(00 in the mills of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. This 1887------991, 12:>, 273 -~i2·-- 1:498: ~: 3!1! -~i2--- 43!, 931,200 ----22~8 takes in all the cottons consumed for the United States. whether of American 1888------1,180, 3!5, 18.5 11.8 1, 456, 915, 936 -2.8 393,888,000 8.5 growth or foreign. 1 9 ------1, 062,003,210 -9 1, 6.39, S.'\9, 936 H 493, 904, 400 25.3 The comparison, starting with 1'l86, shows for the United States an increase 1890------1, 16::3, 92-i, 275 9.5 1, 578, 853, 360 - 5 4913,ti05,800 .9 of a9 per cent over 1886, Great Britain of only 2.4 per cent. and Germany of 1891 ...... 1, 4...?9, 146, 210 23 1, 812, 877. 2!S 14:.8 522,141,4.00 (.6 65.9 per cent. But as Germany's start was from a base of 3.54,000,000 pounds, 1892 ------1,599,887,165 11.8 1, 54.2, 832, 400 -14.4 481, 914, 400 7.7 that of England from 1,517,000.000 pounds, and of the United States from 1893 ------1, Ul3, 550, 4-52 -26 1, 192, 158, 576 2"~. 7 498, 401, 200 3.4 1,~.000,000 pounds, it is natural that a percentage increase is very much 1894 ------1, 112, 775, 166 -6 1, 548, 221, 1:.(08 30 559, 528, 200 12.8 larger for Germany. although the increase in the pounds is not much over 1895 ------1, 507,991, 708 40 1, 558,758,080 .3 587' 534, 200 4.9 one-half of that of the United States. Equally impre ~ sive are the figures relating to the number of pounds of wool Increase for produced and retained for home consumption. and the pounds of imported decade ..... 439, 9'28, L.9Q 39 36,5i1,360 2.4 233, 400, 800 65.9 wools retained for home consumption by the three countries. IV.-Numbe~· of pounds of wool produced and t·etained fo1· home consumption and wttntber of pounds of wool impm·ted and 1·etained for home consttmption by the United 8tates, the United Kingdom, and Ge1·many in each of tlte ten yem·sfrom 1886 to 1895, inclusive. United States. United Kingdom. Germany. Wool pro- Net im- Wool Wool pro- Year. duced and ports and Total Wool pro- imports Total duced and Total retained retained retained duced and retained retained retained Net retained for con- for con- for con- retained. for con- for con- for con- imports. for con- sumption. suroption. sumption. sumption. sumption. sumption. sumption. 1886 ------301, 853, 000 129, 084, 000 42!,404,000 151, 500,000 284, 464, 000 4.35. 969, (XX) 102, 000, 000 246, 812. 000 8l8, 312,000 1b87 -----· ·------~.742,000 1H, 038, 000 39'~, 051, GOO 15ti, 8:1'5, 000 258, 721, 000 415,5-!6,000 99,000,000 252,81 1!, oou 351,804-,000 1888 ------268,977,000 113, 558, 000 378,176, ()()() 150, 040, ()JO 300, 192, 000 iSO, 28:2,000 96,000,000 295, 024, 000 3!.11,024,0l'() 1t;S!) ------261,858,000 126, 4.87, 000 38S,083,000 155,142,000 ~7,2.'56,000 49'~. 898, 000 na,ooo,ooo 319,761,0)() 4.12, 7til,(Xl() 11:'00 ------275, 70S,{)()() 105, 481, 000 877,911,000 170,507,000 292,315,000 462, 622, 000 00,000, 000 209, r>OO, ooo 3.')(), 500, 000 1891-. ------284, 70l:l,COJ 129' 3o:J, 000 411' 373, !XX) 184, 471 ' 000 335, 7~9,000 520, 200, 000 87,000,000 311, 130,000 391!, 130, 000 1892 ------293, 797' 000 148, u70, ooo 43il, 460, 000 183, 9'U, 000 3:U?, 217,000 4.96,141,000 84,000,000 ~.566,000 4:37. 366, ()()() 1893 ------303,061, fO I 172, 483, ()()() 471, 276,000 174, 001, ()()() oo1, 578, ooo 500, 179,000 81,000,000 291' 60i, 000 372,ti04,000 1894 ------·------... --·.----- 29'7, 353, OL O 55,152,000 346, 712, 000 167,274,000 359,541,000 526, 815, 000 80,000,000 349,905,000 4...'>9,005,000 1»H5 ____ ... ------...... ______----- 305, 468, 000 206,~.000 509, 159, 000 1895 *------· ------290, 000, ()()() 2!8,989,000 538,989, 000 --i5G~ 977 ~ oof) --376,' «3~ 000- -- 5...~;42D:uoo· -- ·so;·ooo ~ ooo· ''397~647~0{)()" '"417~647;060 *Calendar year. The data for this and the preceding comparative tables I have taken for portionate amount per sheep to bring the comparison to the American wool, the United States from the Statistical Abstract of the United States for the but if we were to add, to bring it to that ratio, say, 1 pound per sheep, this year 189G for the United Kingdom from the St. 1897. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA1'E. -1993 The result was announced-yeas 22, nays 30; as follows: The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded to call the roll. YEAS-22. Mr. DEBOE (when his name was called). I am paired with the Bacon, Gorman, Mallory, Turpie, Senator from Nebraska [Mr. ALLEN]. Caffery, Gray, Martin, Vest, Chilton, Harris, Kans. Mills. Walthall, Mr. GRAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the Jones. Al·k. Morgan, White. senior Senator from illinois [Mr. CULLO:U]. ~k'rell, Kenney, Pettus, Mr. PASCO (when his name was called). I again announce my Faulkner, McLaurin, Roach, pair with the Senator from Washington [Mr. WILSON]. If he NAYS-30. were present, I should vote "yea." Allison, Foraker, McEnery, Sewell, Mr. RAWLINS (when his name was called). TbeSenat.or from Burrows, Frr· Mantle, Shoup, Iowa [Mr. GEAR] will transfer his pair with the Senator fr.om Carter. Galinger, Penrose, Spooner, Chandler, Hale. Perkins, Stewart, New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] to the Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA], Clark, Hawley, Platt, Conn. Teller, with whom I am paired1 and the Senator from Iowa and I will vote. Davis, Hoar, Platt, N.Y. Wetmore. I vote'' yea." Elkins, Lodge, Proctor, Quay, Mr. TILLMAN (when his name was called). I am paired with Fairbanks. McBride, the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. THURSTONl. NOT VOTING--37. Mr. WARREN (whenhis name was called). I again announce Aldrich, Gear, Ma-son, Thurston, my pair with thf' junior Senator from Washington [Mr. TURNER]. Allen, George, Mitchell, Tillman, Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I again an Baker, Hanna. Morrill, Turner, Bate, Ha-nsbrough, Murphy, Warren, nounce my pair with the junior Senator from North Carolina [Mr. Berry, Harris, Tenn. Nelson. Wellington, BUTLER]. Butler, Heitfeld, Pasco, · Wilson, The roll call was concluded. Cannon, Jones, Nev. Pettigrew, Wolcott. Cullom, Kyle, Pritchard, :Mr. DAVIS. I desire to inquire if the Senator from Indiana. Daniel, Lindsay, Rawlins, (Mr. TURPIE] has voted? Deboe, McMillan, Smith, The PRESIDING OFFICER. He has not voted, the Chair is So Mr. VEsT's amendment was rejected. informed. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of Mr. DAVIS. Being paired with that Senator, I withhold my the Committee on Finance was, on page 126, paragraph 368, line vote. 5, after the word "shawls," to strike out the comma; and in line :Mr. GEAR. I transfer my pair with the Senator from New 6, after the word "knitted," to strike out "underwear" and in Jersey [Mr. SMITH] to the Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA],and sert" articles;" so as to read: will vote. I vote" nay." The result was announced-yeas 20, nays 28; as follows: 368. On clothing, ready·made, and articles of wearing apparel of every de scription, including shawls whether knitted or woven, and knitted articles YEAS-20. of every description, made up or manufactured wholly or in part, etc. Bacon, Faulkner, McLaurin, Rawlins. Caffery, Harris, Kans. Mallory, Roach, The amendment was agreed to. Chilton, Heitfeld, Martin, Vest, The next amendment was, on page 126, paragraph 368, line 7, Clay, Jones, Ark. Mills, after the word "part," to strike out •• felts not woven and not spe Cockrell, Kenney, Pettus, ;:~~~n. cially f>rovided for in this act." NAYS-28. M.r. ALLISON. I ask th~t that amendment may be disag1·eed Allison, Foraker, McEnery, Quay, to. Burrows, Frye, Mantle, Sewell, Mr. JONES of Arkansas. What will be the effect of that? Carter, Gallinger, Penrose, Shoup, Chandler, Gear, Perkins, Spooner, Mr. ALLISON. To put those articles in the basket c1ause. Clark, Hawley, Platt, Conn. Stewart, Mr. JONES of Arkansas. At what rate? Forty-five per cent? Elkins, Lodge, Platt, N. Y. Teller, ---»,...._~~ISON. At 45 per cent, I think. Fairbanks, McBride, Proctor, Wetmore. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the amend NOT VOTING-4L ment will be disagreed to. The Chair hears none, and it is disa Aldrich, George, :McMillan, Thurston, greed to. Allen, Gorman, Mason, Tillman, Baker, Gray, Mit~hell, Turner, The reading of the bill was resu"!fled. The next amendment of Bate, Hale, · Morgan, •.rurpie, the Committee on Finance was, on page 126, paragraph 368, line Berry, Hanna, Morrill, Warren, 11, before the word ••pound," to strike out" a'' and insert •• one;" Butler, Hansbrough, Murphy, Wellington, Caunon, Harris, Tenn. Nelson, Wilson, and in line 12, before the words •' per centum," to strike out "sixty" Cullom, Hoar, Pasco, Wolcott. and insert." fifty-five;" so as to make the paragraph read: Daniel, Jones, Nev. Pettigrew, Davis, Kyle, Prit-chard, 368. On clothing, ready·made, and articles of wearing apparel of every de D-aboe, Lmdsay, Smith. scription, • ..tcluding shawls, whether knitted or woven, and knitted articles of every ~scription, made U'{> or manufactured wholly or in part, felts not So Mr. VEsT's amendment was rejected. woven a!lo.oa not specially provide-d for in this act, composed wholly or in part The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of of woo~~ duty per pound shall be four and one-half times the duty jmposed by~' act on 1 pound of unwashed wool of the first class, and in addition the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 369, page 126, line 23, .. • __ .aereto 55 per cent ad valorem. before the word" cents," to strike out" sixty" and insert" forty;" The amendment was agreed to. so as to make the paragraph read: 369. Webbings, gorings, suspenders. braces, bandings, beltings. bindings, Mr. VEST. Mr. President, I want to call attention totheeffect braids, galloons, edgings, insertings, fl.ouncings, fringes, gimps, cords, cords of this amendment in paragraph 368. In the first classificat:on and tassels, laces and other trimmings and articles made wholly or in part of on clothing, ready-made, and articles of wearing apparel of every lace, embroideries and articles embroidered by hand or machinery, head nets, netting, buttons or barrel buttons or buttons of other forms for tassels description, valued at not over 40 cents per pound, the duty is or ornaments, and manufactures of wool ornamented with beads or spangles 171.15 per cent; on the next classification, of knit fabrics, valued of whatever material composed, any of the foregoing made of wool or of at not over 40 cents per pound, the duty is 140 per cent; and upon which wool is a component material, whether composed in part of india the last specification, upon hats, valued at not over 30 cents per rubber or otherwise, 40 cents per pound and 60 per cent ad valorem. pound, the duty is 203.48 per cent; in other words, if a hat costs Mr. ALLISON. In line 23 I move to amend the committee $2 abroad and comes into this country, it is taxed $4:.50, making it amendment by striking out "forty" and inserting ''fifty;" and in cost the American citizen, who wants to cover his bead from the line 24 by striking out "sixty" and inserting ''fifty-five;" so as to weather, $6.50 on a foreign article worth $2. It is 203.48 percent read: upon an ordinary, common hat which can be bought abroad at Fifty cents per pound and 55 per cent ad valorem. $2, and that is a very good hat abroad. The duty would be within The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. 2 cents of $4.50. I move to strike out the paragraph and to insert The amendment as amended was agreed to. paragraph 284 of the existing law. Mr. VEST. Without the amendment just adopted, as proposed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be stated. by the Senator from Iowa, the duty upon the articles named in The SECRETARY. It is proposed to strike out paragraph 368 paragraph 369 is 80 per cent ad valorem. With the addition he and to insert in lieu thereof: has made of 10 cents it would be 100 per cent. On clothing, ready-made, and articles of wearing apparel of every descrip- Mr. ALLISON. The committee reduced the ad valorem in line 1ion, made up or manufactured wholly or in part, not specially provided for 24 to 55 per cent. The Senator from Missouri should take that in this act, felts not specially provided for in this am, all the forAgoing- com posed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, into account. or other animals, including those having india rubber as a component mate Mr. VEST. I did not notice that. I did not catch the last rial, valued at above $1.50 per pound, 50 per cent ad valorem; valued at less amendment. The ad valorem is reduced from 60 to 55 per cent. than $1.50 per pound, 45 per cent ad valorem. For the sake of argument, I will take it at the rate of 80 per The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to cent ad valorem, which it unquestionably is. What is the prac the amendment proposed by the Senator from Missomi. tical result of this sort of taxation? This paragraph includes sus Mr. VEST. On that I ask for the yeas and nays. penders. I will take that because it is an article of ordinary use 994 . [CONGRESSIONAL~ RECORD-=-SENATE;__ JUNE-- 24,:""' \ ~------~------l>y the male sex. For a pair of suspenders appraised at 50 cents Mr. ALLISON. In line 2, page 127, after the word "sixty," I the price is increased to 90 cents at 80 per cent. It would cost a move to insert "two and a half;" so as to read, "62-t .cents a poor man who wants to buy a pair of suspenders worth 50 cents square yard." 90 cents instead of 50. Of course the American manufacturer, The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. because.thisisa.protectiveduty-and unless itincreases the price, The amendment as amended was agreed to. there is no protection in the paragraph-goes just inside the tariff Mr. VEST. I desire to call attention to the fact that without line and charges 85 cents, so that at the very lowest calculation the 2t cents just added by the amendment of the Senator from the consumer pays 35 cents more by reason of the proposed legis- ~owa the duty in this paragraph is 64.40 per cent. That is lation upon this article of ordinary and prime necessity. mcreased by 2-k cents under the amendment now proposed. I I move to strike out pa:r:agraph 369 and insert par~o-raph 286 of move to strike out "62t cents per square yard, and in addition the existing law; and upon that I call for the yeas and n ays. thereto," so as to leave the duty as it is under existing law, 40 per The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment proposed by the cent ad valorem; and on that I call for the yeas and nays. Senator from Missouri will be stated. Tho PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment proposed bythe The SECRETARY. It is proposed to strike out paragraph 369 and Senator from Missouri will be stated. insert in lieu thereof the following: The SECRETARY. In paragraph 370, line 2, it is proposed to strike out "62t cents per square yard, and in addition thereto;" so On webbings, ~orings, suspenders, braces, beltings, bindings, braids, gal loons. fringes, g:unps, cords, cords and tassels, dress trimmings, laces, em as to read: broideries, head nets, nettings and veilings, buttons, or barrel buttons, or Forty per cent ad valorem. buttons of other form.s, for tassels or ornaments, any of the foregoing which are elastic or nonelastic, made of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat , The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to il.lpaca., or other a.nimals, or of which wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, the amendment proposed by the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEsT]. goat, alpaca, or other animals is a component material, 50 per cent ad valorem. Mr. VEST. On that I call for the yeas and nays. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to The yeas and nays were ordered. the amendment of the Senator from Missouri, on which the yeas Mr. WHITE. Can the Senator from Iowa state why 2-! cents and nays have been dell!anded. is added? It seems that the amount in the McKinley law is some The yeas and nays we1·e ordered; and the Secretary proceeded what less than that fixed in the present bill. ·Two and a half to call the roll. cents, I presume, has been placed in the bill as some kind of a com Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I again transfer my pensatory duty. I do not knowwhether the Senator from Iowa is pair with the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] to the Sen able to state just how the figures are made. ator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA], and will vote. I vote "nay." . 1\Ir. GRAY. I suggest that it so1m'ds better, if ther&is no other Mr. GRAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the reason for it. senior Senator from illinois [Mr. CULLOM]. lf he were present, M.r. WHITE. ''Two and a half " sounds better than ''three?" I should vote ' ' yea." Perhaps the demand was for 5 cents, and there was a compromise. Mr. PLATT of New York (when his name was caTied). I am The words "and oriental, Berlin, and other similar rugs" are paired with the senior Senator from New York [Mr. MURPHY], eliminated for the purpose of inserting the same in a separate and therefore withhold my vote. paragraph, known in this bill as 376t . Mr. RAWLINS (when his name was called). I am paired with I have here a. letter from a very extensive and respectable estab the Senator from Ohio [Mr. HANNA], but my pair has been trans lishment in San Francisco-the firm of W. & J. Sloane & Co. tarred to the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH], and I will It is addressed to me, and is as follows: vote. I vote '' yea." SAN FR.A.NCisco, May 14, 189'1. Mr. SEWELL (when his name was called). I am paired with We desire to call your attention to the :proposed schedule on oriental, the Senator from Wisconsin [M:r. MrTCHELLl. Berlin, and Axminster carpets (in one piece) introduced by the Finance Com Mr. WARREN (when his name was called). I am paired with mit t ee of the United States Senate, and we wish to enter our strong protest against such outrageous rates. the junior Senator from Washington [Mr. TURNER]. We are perfectly in sympathy with the tariff that will shut out a large Mr. WELLINGTON (when his name was called). I again an amount of the cheap oriental stuff that has been flooding this country at the nounce my pair with the junior Senator from North Carolina exy.en-e of the manufacturers and weavers of this country, but there is a lar ge amount of oriental goods imported which does not interfere with any [Mr. BUTLER]. If he were present, I should vote '' nay." thing made here. and therefore should be taxed no higher rate than other The ro11 call was concluded. grades of carpet imported into this country. Mr. TILLMAN. I have pair with the Senator from Nebraska We claim that the McKinley rate of roper cent ad valorem and 60 cents per square yard is adequate protection against all importations of cheap (Mr. THURSTON]. oriental stuff, and is a fair rate on Berlin and Axminster carpets. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I am paired with the Senator from W e, h ere on the Pacific Coast, as dealers and consumers, have much at stake, Maine [Mr. HALE], and therefore withhold my vote. and do not see why a prohibitory duty should bs put on these goods, for that is what it would amount to were the proposed s chedule adopted. The result was announced-yea.s 23, nays 27; as follows: Trusting you will see to it and do all in your power to prevent the adoption of such unreasonable rates of tariff, YEAS-23. We remain, with much respect, W. & J. SLOANE & CO. Bacon, Gorman, Martin, Roach, Mr. ALLISON. I will say to the Senator from California that Caffery, Harris, Kans. Mills, Turpie, Chilton, Heitfeld, Morgan, Vest, I shall propose a substitute for the oriental rug paragraph which Kenney, Pasco, Wal~ he is now discussing. Cia£.Coc ell, McLaurin, Pettus, White. Mr. WHITE. I desire to ask the Senator from Iowa whether Faulkner, Mallory, Rawlins, the substitute prepared by him will reduce the rates proposed in NAYS-27. paragraph 376-t, so that they will not be g1.·ea.ter than the rates prescl'ibed in paragraph 370? Allison, Foraker, McBride, Shoup, Mr. ALLISON. Some of them will be a little greater, and I Burrows, F~ McEnery, Spooner, Carterf G · ger, Penrose, Stewart, think some of them will be less. Chand er, Gear, Perkins, Teller, Mr. WHITE. The average, I a,gsume, is greater, or the Senator Da.vis, Hawlay, Platt, Conn. Wetmore, Elkins, Hoar, Proctor, Wilson. would not propose to make a separate parag1.·aph of it. It is not Fairbanks, Lodge, Quay, for the purpose of lowering the tariff that the Senate suggests a. separate paragraph. NOT VOTING--00. Mr. ALLISON. I will state that the rates will be much lower · Aldrich, Deboe, Lindsay, Pritchard, than in the present paragraph as proposed originally by the com Allen, George, McMillan, Sewell, Baker, Gray, Mantle, Smith, mittee. Bate, Hale, Mason, Thurston, Mr. WHITE. Yes, sir. Berry, Hanna, Mitchell, Tillman, Mr. ALLISON. On the lower grades of oriental rugs I do not J3utler, Han.c;;brongh, Morrill, Turner, if Cannon, Harris, Tenn. Murphy, Warren, think the rates will be any higher, as high, as they are in the ClArk, Jones, Ark. Nelson, Wellington, paragraph. On the higher grades they will be higher. Cullom, Jones, Nev. Pettigrew, Wolcott. Mr. WHITE. On the higher grades the duty will be higher. Daniel, Kyle, Platt, N. Y. Mr. ALLISON. Yes, sir; for the reason that the paragraph So Mr. VEST's amendment was rejected. which I will propose later on provides really for 90 cents a square The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of yard and 40 per cent ad valorem. the Committee on Finance was, in paragraph 370, page 126, line Mr. WHITE. I will defer further discussion of this matter 26, after the word "plain," to strike out" carpets woven whole until I hear the amendment which the committee propose to sug ior rooms;" and in line 1, page 127, after the word" description," gest. I will not say anything further upon this paragraph. The to strike out "and oriental, Berlin, and other similar rugs;" so as matter may be discussed when we reach that paragraph. to make the paragraph read: Mr. ALLISON. I will answer the former question of the Sen ator from California. The reason why we propose 2t cents addi 370. Aubusson, .Axminster, moquette~ and chenille carpets, figured or plain, pd all carpets or carpeting of like cnaracter or description, 60 cents per tional here is to adjust the matter with respect to the additional &quare yard, and in addition thereto to p~r cent ad valorem. duty proposed upon wool of the third class. 1897. CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ·- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to by the Speaker to act with such Senators as may be selected, to attend the funeral of the deceased; that the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House shall take the amendment proposed by the Senator from Missouri, on which order for superintending the funeral of the deceased at his home; and that the yeas and nays have been ordered. the necessary expenses attending the execution of this order shall be paid The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. out of the contingent fund of the House_ Resolved, That as a mark of respect to his memory the House do now Ad Mr. CLARK (whenhisnamewascalled). Idesiretoannounce journ. my pair with the Senator from Kansas [Mr. HARRIS]. - He is not R esolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate_ present, and I withhold my vote. Mr. SPOONER. Mr. President, I have been requested by the Mr. DEBOE (when his name was called). I am paired with the senior Senator from Illinois [Mr. CULLOM], who is ill at his home, Senator from Nebraska [Mr. ALLE!i]. and whose colleague [Mr. MASON] is absent from the city, to state Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I transfer my pair that on a later day he will ask the Senate to pay appropriate trib with the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. SmTH] to the Senator ute to the wort h and public services of his deceased colleague. from Ohio rMr. fuNNAl, and vote" nay." I offer and move the adoption of the resolutions which I send to Mr. PLA'TT of New York (when his name was called). I de the desk. sire to announce that upon this particular vote and for all other The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolutions will be read. votes to-day I am paired with the senior Senator from New York The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: [MI". MURPHY). Resolved, That tire Senate has heard with deep sensibility the announce Mr. RAWLINS (when his name was called). I am paired with ment of the death of Bon. EnwARD DE.A.N CooKE, late a. Representative from the Senator from Ohio [Mr. I!AJ.~NA]. That pair has been trans the State of Illinois. ferred to the- Senator from New Jersey [Mr. ~1\IITH], with whom R esolved, That a committee of five Senators be appointed by the Presiding Officer, to join the committee appointed on the part of the Rouse of Repre the Senator from Iowa [Mr. GEAR] is paired, and I am at liberty sentatives, to attend the funeral of the deceased. to vote. I vote '' yea." . R esolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House Mr. WARREN (when his name wa8 called). I again announce of Representatives. my pair with the junior Senator from Washington [Mr. TURu."'iER]. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the adoption Mr. WELLINGTON (when .Q.:is name was called). I have a of the resolutions submitted by the SenatoT from W~consin. general pair with the junior Senator from North Carolina [Mr. The resolutions were unanimously agreed to. BUTLER). I will transfer that pair to the Senator from Nevada The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the terQs of the second [Mr. JoNES], and vote. I vote "nay." resolution, the Presiding Officer will appoint the Senator from The roll call was concluded. Illinois [Mr. MAsoN], the Senator from Wisconsin [MT. SPOONER], Mr. PETTUS (after having voted in the affirmative'). The the Senator from Montana [Mr. CARTER], the Senator from Flor Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR] not having voted, I ida [MT. PASCO] , and the Senator from Washington [:MJ:-. TuRNER] withdTaw my vote. as the committee on the part of the Senate. The result was announced-yeas 20, nays 28; as follows: Mr. SPOONER. As a further mark of respect to the memory YE.A&--20. of the deceased, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. . Baoon, Faulkner, Mallory, Roach, The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 3 Caffery, Heitfeld, Mills, Tui'Jlie, minutes p.m.) the Senate adjomned until to-morrow, Friday, Clrllton, Jones, Ark. Morgan, Vest, June 25, 1897, at 11 o'clock a. m. Clay, Kenney, Pasco, Walthall, Cockrell, McLaurin, Rawlins. White. NAYS-28. Allison, Foraker, McEnery, Burrows, Frye, Nelson, ~t;~Ki>. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Carter, Gallinger, Penrose, Spoone-r, Chandler, Gear, Perkins, Stewart, THURSDAY, June 24, 1897. Davis, Hawley, Platt, Conn. Wellington, Elkins, Lodge, Pritcha-rd, Wetmore, The House met at 12 o'clock m. The Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. Fairbanks, McBride, Proctor·, Wilson. CouDEN, offered the following prayer: NOT VOTING-41. Our Father who art in Heaven, we bless Thee for that kind Aldrich, George, Lindsay, Sewell, . care and protection which has brought us to the light and joy of Allen. , Gorman, McMillan, Smith, Baker, Gray, Mantle, Teller, this another day, and foT all those silent yet mighty forces which Bate, Hale, Martin, Thurston, are ever working for righteousness in our souls. Help us, we be Berry, Hanna, Mason, Tillman, seech Thee, to meet with patience all the sorrows and afflictions Butler, Hansbrough, Mitchell Turner, of this life and turn them to om good. Cannon, ·Harris~ Kans. Morrill, Wa.r:ren, Clark, Harris, Tenn. Murphy, Wolcott. We recognize, 0 Heavenly Fathey, in the sudden death of one Cullom, Hoar, Pettigrew, of the members of this House a great calamity; and we pray Thee Daniel Jones, Nev. Pettus, that all those who are near and deaT to him may be comforted by Deboe, Kyle, Platt, N.Y. those blessings which are ever coming down from Thee and touch So Mr. VEST's amendment was rejected. ing the souls of men. And help us all to learn the lesson that life ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. is precarious and that death may be visited upon any of us at any A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. time. May we be prepared at whatever hour it may come, that BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the . Speaker of the we may pass onward aml upward to that larger life under the House had signed the following enrolled joint resolutions: leadership of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. A joint resolution (S. R. 50) authorizing foreign exhibitors at The Journal of the proceedin~s of Monday last was read and the Transmississippi and International Exposition, •to be held in approved. the city of Omaha~ in the State of Nebraska, dming the year 1898, MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. to bring to the United States foreign laborers from their coun A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, tries, respectively, for the purpose of preparing for and making annolmced that the Senate had passed joint resolution (H. Res. 61) -exhibits; and to provide for the immediate repair of Dry Dock No. 3,. at the A joint resolution (H. Res. 61) to provide foT the immediate re New York Navy-Yard; in which the concurrence of the House was pair of Dry Dock No.3, at the New YoTk Navy-Yard. requested. DEATH OF REPRESENTATIVE COOKE. The message also announced that the Senate had agreed to the · The message also communicated to the Senate the intelligence amendments of the House of Representatives to the joint resolu of the death of EDWARD DEAN CooKE, late a member of the House tion (S. R. 50) authorizing foreign e.xhibitoTs at the Transmissis trom the State of Illinois, and transmitted resolutions of the sippi and International Exposition, to be held in the city of Omaha, House thereon. in the State of Nebraska, during the year 1898, to bring to trhe The message further announced that the Speaker of the House United States foreign laborers from their countries, respectively, !lad appointed Mr. Foss, of illinois; Mr. PRINcE, of illinois; Mr. for the pmpose of preparing for and making exhibits. BELKNAP, of Illinois; Mr. UPDEGRAFF, of Iowa; Mr. ROYSE, of ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTIONS SIGNED. Jndiana; Mr. PLOWMAN, of Alabama; Mr. HUNTER, of lllinois; Mr. DINSMORE, of Arkansas, and M.l·. SPALDING, of Michigan, as The SPEAKER announced his signature to emolled joint res~ the committee on the part of the House to take charge of the lutions of the following titles: funeral arrangements. Joint resolution (S. R. 50) authorizing foreign exhibitors-at the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair lays before the Senate Transmississippi and Inte1·national Exposition, to be held in the resolutions from the House of Representa:tives, which will be read. city of Omaha, in the State of Nebraska, during the year 1898, to br:.Ug to·the United States foreign laborers from their countries, The Secretary reatl as follows: . respectively, for the purpose of preparing for and making exhibits; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, June 24, 1897. and _ Ruolved, That the House has heard with :profound sorrow of the death of Hon. Enw .A.RD DE.A.N CooKE, late a. Representative from the State of illinois. Joint resolution (H. Res. 61) to provide for the immediate repair Be.wlved, That a. committee of nin.e members of the House be appointed of Dry Dock No.3, at the New York Navy-Yard.