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RAHAVARD, Publishes Peer Reviewed Scholarly Articles in the field of Persian Studies: (Literature, History, Politics, Culture, Social & Economics). Submit your articles to Sholeh Shams by email: [email protected] or mail to:Rahavard 11728 Wilshire Blvd. #B607, La, CA. 90025 In 2017 EBSCO Discovery & Knowledge Services Co. providing scholars, researchers, & university libraries with credible sources of research & database, ANNOUNCED RAHAVARD A Scholarly Publication. Since then they have included articles & researches of this journal in their database available to all researchers & those interested to learn more about Iran. https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/ultimate-databases. RAHAVARD Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/Winter 2021 2853$67,163,5(6285)8785( A Quarterly Bilingual Journal of Persian Studies available (in Print & Digital) Founded by Hassan Shahbaz in Los Angeles. Shahbaz passed away on May 7th, 2006. Seventy nine issues of Rahavard, were printed during his life in diaspora. With the support & advise of Professor Ehsan Yarshater, an Advisory Commit- tee was formed & Rahavard publishing continued without interuption. INDEPENDENT: Rahavard is an independent journal entirely supported by its Subscribers dues, advertisers & contributions from its readers, & followers who constitute the elite of the Iranians living in diaspora. GOAL: To empower our young generation with the richness of their Persian Heritage, keep them informed of the accurate unbiased history of the ex- traordinary people to whom they belong, as they gain mighty wisdom from a western system that embraces them in the aftermath of the revolution & infuses them with the knowledge & ideals to inspire them. OBJECTIVE: Is to bring Rahavard to the attention & interest of the younger generation of Iranians & the global readers educated, involved & civically mobile. We have since created social media platforms online at Facebook, Instagram, What’s-App & Telegram. ENGLISH & DIGITAL: In 2013 with the encouragement of H.E. Ardeshir Za- hedi, Dr. Firouz Naderi, Homa Sarshar, Dr. Janet Afary (from Cal State Santa Barbara (who provides us with students interns as asst. editors) and establishment of “Friends of Rahavard Society” in Los Ange- les ,Rahavard English & Digital for younger generation was launched and a dream of Hassan Shahbaz, became reality. TODAY: As the growing roster of writers, contributors & readers to whom we continuously reach out, are fast making the Rahavard English & Digital UHOHYDQWDSSHDOLQJ XOWLPDWHO\LQÁXHQWLDOZHSODQWRXVHDOORXUUHVRXUF- es to advance the appeal of Rahavard to Iranian community iwhereever they might be. RAHAVARD Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/Winter 2021 RAHAVARD A Quarterly Bilingual Journal of Persian Studies (3ULQW 'LJLWDO) Wilshire Blvd. #B607 Los Angeles, Ca. 90025 11728 www.rahavard.com email: [email protected] Tell: 1-310-691-0104 SUBSCRIPTION RATES (Four issues per year) PRINT ONE YEAR TWO YEARS SINGLE COPY USA $200.00 $280.00 $40.00 + Shipping Other Countries $200.00 $360.00 $50.00 + Shipping Libraries & Institutions $500.00 DIGITAL USA & Others Countries $40.00 $70.00 Libraries & Institutions $200.00 SUBSCRIPTION FORM Name: _________________________________Cell: _____________________________ email: __________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________City __________________ State ________________ Zip Code __________________ Country __________________ Subscription for: One Year ____Two Years____ Amount $____________ Donation $____________ Total Amount $________________ Check # _________ Credit Card# ____________________________________________ Security Code _________Expiration Date ___________ Signature__________________ WIRE TRANSFER (Direct Deposit to Rahavard Account from Banks Abroad) Code: WFBIUS6S WELLS FARGO BANK n. a: 10920 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA. 90024 USA Account #: 9572299262 Account Name: RAHAVARD RAHAVARD Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/Winter 2021 RRahavardahavard ZZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ EEUROPEUROPE CCANADAANADA Germany Montreal Mitra Mofidi Dr. Akbar Mashaie [email protected] 11-613-884-4686-613-884-4686 49-17-86-686-736 [email protected]@hotmail.com Hassan Sattarian [email protected] UUSASA 49-40-49-205-688 Georgia, Atlanta 49-17-03-285-093 Dr. Minoo Gorji Sweden [email protected] Simin Azami 1-770- 356-1639 [email protected] Los Angeles, California 46-76-277-50-50 Rahavard Office Mehdi Rahimzadeh [email protected] Ferdosi Media AB, Karavagen 4 www.rahavard.com [email protected] 1-310-691-0104 46-70-759-40-34 Ketab Corp Bijan Khalili France [email protected] Dr. Kambiz Zareh www.ketab.com [email protected] 1-310-477-7477 33-06-68-46-39-59 Ketab Sara Valipour 1441 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024 AAUUSTRALIAUUSTRALIA 1-310-477-4700 Dr. Pari Mokhtari 1-310-441-1015 [email protected] Gallery Eshgh, Bahman Bennet 1381 Westwood Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90024 1-213-388-2244 RAHAVARD Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/Winter 2021 1 English Articles Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/ Winter 2021 Workshop to Empower Iranian Women Refugees in Moria, Greece By: Maryam Zar P 2 AAnn OOutstandingutstanding IIranianranian Statesman:Statesman: Remembering Mr. Abdolreza ANSARI By Amir Taheri P 5 HOVEYDA and Ardeshir ZAHEDI A Curious Cohabitation Interview with Ardeshir Zahedi by: Najmieh Sadjadi P 11 Ali Reza PAHLAVI A Memoire By: Dr. James R. Russell P 37 Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI Commemoration of 100 Years Sholeh Shams Shahbaz P 45 RAHAVARD Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/Winter 2021 2 Workshop to Empower Iranian Women Refugees in Moria, Greece Workshop to Empower Iranian Women Refugees in Moria, Greece By: Maryam Zar (Associate Editor InChief , English Rahavard) In the months since I have been to Moria, a lock- down due to COVID-19 has been imposed. The people I met while I was there in February, do- ing a workshop to empower women, have been unable to move beyond a certain radius from the camp. They have been relegated to a mea- ger eking out of their days in a squalid camp, overcrowded with people, in the stifling heat of summer when the stench of uncollected garbage, overflowing urine and indisposed feces can over- whelm the senses. The tents in which families live are hot and the air is stale. The “connex” – corrugated containers given to the lucky few, are hot and stifling – but still, people have endured. They endure in the hope of a better future in Europe and be- yond. In the last month or so, many of the women that were in our program have been given a Greek ID, and transitioned off the island of Lesvos, and the camp at Moria, to Athens. There are two camps in Athens that house refugees which are far better run than the squalor on the Islands which serve as a catch all for the stream of refugees off the sea. But even the camps in Athens are fast becoming crowded. The refugees from Moria are not being send to those camps - they are being send to Athens on their own, to fend for themselves. Once the migrants given Greek ID cards, they are cutoff from the monthly stipend pro- vided to them by Greek government when they arrive on Greek soil. This arrangement made in early 2015, when the migrant crisis was at its peak and the flow of people des- perate for better living circumstances became undeniable to the world looking on. The RAHAVARD Issues 132/133 Fall 2020/Winter 2021 3 Workshop to Empower Iranian Women Refugees in Moria, Greece EU nations came together and resolved to give money to Greece (the outer border nation on the European continent that would host a little over a million refugees crossing the narrow waters from Turkey or shared land borders), in order to help contain and manage the flow of people. The approximate $800M infusion of capital (which has come in pieces and has been allocated to various agencies for various relief schemes) culminated in a stipend being paid to each refugee family, ranging in payments from 90 Euro a month for the head of the household, to 40 euro per each family member. As of March 2019, the Greek government has a new strategy to deal with the overflow of refugees. They are offering 2000 euro to anyone who voluntarily leaves Greece and returns to where they came from. Together with tougher border controls and aggressive chasing of migrant boats on the coastal waters shared with Turkey, are to generate a measurable reduction in remaining refugees. But is has not. The reward offering was not popular with people who had left their homelands to escape war and conflict, or economic disaster and famine. As a result, the number of refugees continue to grow, with new asylum seekers crossing the border despite tighter controls. The Greek population beginning to lose pa- tience. The new strategy is to allow the migrants on the Islands to have ID cards to be able to travel to the mainland, namely Athens, and fend for themselves. Victoria Square in Athens has become the new squalid refugee camp to replace the squa- lor of the island camps. The park at Victoria Square is close to Piraeus Port which re- ceives the migrants arriving from the Aegean Island camps. Without language skills or marketable commercial capabilities, these refugees are left without a monthly stipend, without real asylum papers, without the opportunity to move beyond Greece, and stuck in an unwelcoming cosmopolitan city with no means to provide for themselves or their families. Prior to 2016, this park was a gateway to resettlement in other European nations – most commonly Germany and Sweden. But since the Balkan route to Northern Europe has
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