Copyright © 2015, American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information publisher

Research Journal of Social Sciences

ISSN: 1815-9125 EISSN: 2309-9631

JOURNAL home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/RJSS 2015 September; 8(7): pages 7-12. Published Online 30 June 2015. Research Article

Life and empowerment of Reza Khan

1Iran Hajnabi and 2Reza Shabani

1Department of History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, , . 2full Professor, Department of History Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 23 April 2015; Revised: 28 May 2015; Accepted: 18 June 2015

Copyright © 2015 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

ABSTRACTABSTRACT

Reza known to Reza Khan, is of the people of Alasht in Savadkuh and Bavand had begun his work of Cossack Brigade, as he was an ambitious individual with regard to the situation was created, could achieve an official level, and during the capture of Tehran had entered the Qajar state and obtained key officials including the Ministry of War in Shah’s State, and deposed Ahmad Shah on 24 December 1925 In the National Assembly, and signed the Oath, the next day relying on his throne. On Sunday 4 April 1926. Wearing a military uniform with the coronation of King's Crown Jewels Thus, Reza Khan as The first king of the was the founder of the dynasty. 's reign saw the creation of the new world order. To guarantee its absolute power, closed independent newspapers, parliamentary immunity of Representatives and Political parties are ruined. He became obedient to the institutional and Ceremonial able to determine their own ministers. In addition, he supports the court to confiscate the fertile Caspian and soon became the richest man in Iran. Revival Party that had the support of his honest, the first place to Iran's New Party and the . But the Progress Party soon to speculate that the dangerous ideas brown has dismantled republican. Over time, Shah inspired by the progress of civilization in the West, Islam is the policy of detente.

Keywords: Reza Khan, Cossack Brigade, Parliament, the Pahlavi dynasty, reform

INTRODUCTION destroyed the and established the Pahlavi dynasty in Iran. Reza Shah Pahlavi dynasty founder was born in This article seeks to achieve power factor Khan the village of Alasht in Savadkuh following a series and his actions in the study worked. of incidents that have passed into the military establishment and due to the turbulent atmosphere to Birth to constitutionalists’ coup d’état: achieve officials and Tehran finally conquered and R. at March 16, 1878 AD in accordance with 24 with respect to the incompetent Qajar kings High March 1255 Solar was born in the village of Mount officials, including acquired the President of the Alasht literacy.[1]Murad Ali Khan as his grandfather Court and the War Department could eventually was one of the side Bavandi Fudge was wandering mountain literacy. Father, Reza, A. Khan, the

Corresponding Author: Iran Hajnabi, Department of History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 8 Iran Hajnabi and Reza Shabani, 2015 / Research Journal of Social Sciences 8(7), September, Pages: 7-12 commander, "Fudge seventh," Savadkuh. He did not 1297. On the practical level, and was the commander get much chance to his childhood in the future of the of troops Hamedan. The commander of the infantry country's enormous influence played a role. [2] troops were gradually to improve their grade then The relative Reza, is said to have insight into came the command of troops of Tehran. [9] His Bavand dynasty. The founder of the dynasty (Him) brigade commander in the side against the colonel is. Her series of ancient . [3] Ten days later, Klerzhe[10] coup Starosselsky to command, his the father of the child has not yet died. Reza’s mother deputy successfully implemented. Implementation of with her child, who was called Nooshafarin the the coup by Reza Shah in coordination with the first brother who was in the yard Cassack khaneh, was coup Khan is also known. Of the coup, Klerzhe and headed. But the way the child was sick Firoozkooh Starosselsky returned to Russia Cossack brigade area. So that the intensity of the cold coma; His commander in Iran. [11] The coup was carried out by mother thought the child was dead, He left the stable Khan, because the dismissal of Klerzhe from the and walked toward Tehran. But in place of another head of the Kazakhs and the rise of Starosselsky caravan arrives and find the baby crying. This [12,13] introduction was to save the child. To the child's In 1959 AD. Q to show up and find a practical condition improved and was returned to his mother. and Sash Gilan war was ranked 14 in the 1299 Solar After this, the child upon his Col. Nasrullah Khan General is the name of Reza Khan's bold action and appointed commander of the mountain troops are word. This will stop flogging a Russian officer in the literate. He is the bread of life to different tasks and Army Cossack Qazvin father was in the room. It was workflows including an apprentice blacksmith shop while Russian officers were expelled from the and the stable of British embassy workers were country, while the officer was in Qazvin. [15] employed. [4] Reza until age 14 did not have any training. At Entry of Reza Khan to Tehran and beginning of his 15 years old, educated by his uncle as the Cossack empowerment: troops march were found into the mountains. It was When Reza Khan arrived in Tehran was a coup decided to replace absent or sick soldiers participate d’état nobody thought to turn his steps to Reza Shahi in the flock. Reza is not paid, but only two were Reza Khan is removed. Poet Laureate spring about given food rations. His three years at the Embassy of the coup, he writes: the Netherlands and The three-year guard the "Near the evening of Sunday 11 Jumada II and embassy in Belgium. [5] February staffer for news and information had gone In 1319 AD. The Sergeant R. bodyguards 9pm, which is General Reza Khan to come back to Russian banks were borrowing the attorney be Tehran, Qazvin, with two thousand Cossacks and Go moved to Mashhad, But hard decisions were taken by home and their lives are not in danger and, this news the client satisfaction, reflect the mood of the person was published in a number of newspapers and the military the person in this position is tomorrow.” [16] indicative of the poor; Thus, Reza moved to Tehran. But newspapers Monday twelfth Jumada II 1959 At this time he also became a sergeant to be a Third of March (March) 1299 AD, containing the lawyer.[6] above information, When Reza Khan was released Reza had little education and reading Write by the will General Reza Khan final decision instead learned after reaching puberty. In the year 1945 AD. of going home, and his life, occupying the capital Q When Al Ain. The Chancellor was removed. To and All major departments and agencies, and military protect their lives, with some Cossacks went to communications Financial capital to dominate Freeman. Within a few months with the same R- possession and in fact was a coup. Fethullah Noori Dawla was He was commissioned in his spare time Esfandiari under "The government's new anti- studying and learned to read and write.[7] Bolshevik government in Iran." The Times of But with the death star R. Abdullah Khan as the London quoted the journalist writes: major Colonel began to shine, because of individual Times, 24 telegraph that On 21 merit and Reza is adept at using the thumb bar (due February (third year) from Tehran to London was an to the use of skill Reza Khan Sixty Reza Khan shot English source, There are poems, of which three to shot, he said.) The commanding officer of the thousand brave Cossack garrison Qazvin, Iran company gained sixty shots.[8] Hamedan Khan commanded the same day (February After this, he was known as Maxim Reza Khan. 21 - III) have moved to Tehran. The government That was because of his fame, he was assigned to aims to understand the delegates sent to them after the sixty-shooting skills, Russian experts Kazakhs but insisted to enter the city. Khan said that working under the auspices of the United Nations to the Kazakhs have decided against the Bolsheviks and learn Maxim. Because after a while the only one who their stability Therefore he would not allow, that the Expertise in the field of the Reza Khan Maxim idler and the inadequacy of current work on the left. became famous. Cossack troops will be wrapped with an In the meantime a coup to increase further and administrative agency to establish and Will be was renowned for his name. Reza Khan, the first in completely loyal to the king. The only major

9 Iran Hajnabi and Reza Shabani, 2015 / Research Journal of Social Sciences 8(7), September, Pages: 7-12 complaint was Sepahdar No adverse criticism than and 23 of the financial support Brigadier General to not foreigners. Kazakhs entered the city with peace make progress in the field above. Brigadier General and order and all departments and government agents and employees, as Teymourtash and agencies occupied. Brigadier General Prime Minister Taday'oun referee outside parliament and the of the British embassy refuge after securing the lives parliament, activists and Missionaries were of the Embassy bar. Syed Z. likely to be his republican. This is indicative of the role ofBrigadier successor. “ [17] After the coup coincided with General in The story behind the Republican. The Prime Minister Syed Zia Tabatabai, Reza Shah with purpose Srdarsph most of what historians agree the title of "Brigadier General" appointed by the Republic Like what historians Azmalvzra’ and Ministry of War. Brigadier General third 1923 opposition Yahya Abdullah Exchequer Dowlatâbâdi November. It was at his side. Cossack forces and like that, Brigadier General who sought thereby to gendarmerie and police at the time of the merger, and provide an introduction to establish his kingdom; to create a national army. [18] With the advent of a Ahmad Shah Qajar Dynasty and the beginning of new army, the security Years the country had disarmament by the Assembly, Establish a disappeared, returned again. Reza succeeded in the presidential regime in Iran and Later, under the course of political and military maneuvers thanks to pretext of preparation for Republic of Iran, Restore its modern, rebels like Sheikh Khazali, Colonel the monarchy in Iran again, this time using the levers Mohammad Taqi Khan Pesyani and Baluchis in the of power, His reign is obtained. Republic should south of Takht-e- Qapu. The rebels also like Mīrzā establish of the legal and parliamentary polls. Kūchik Khān had ruled that the constitutional The fifth general assembly of the pro- period in the northern areas, the army was suppressed presidential majority and Minority against the by force. [19] Republic was formed. The majority of the members Shah to calm the situation, the President of the of the Revival Party led by forty agent SM Taday'oun Court granted the Reza Khan. The coup government and the led by fifteen representative headed by Syed Z. Tabatabai Director the prime Suleman formed. So the Republicans, Fifty- minister and author of lightning formation and for a five to seventy-five seats held seats. Some authors week Reza Khan and his military assistant of General believe that such Mlkalshra’ Bahar such a majority in without Cabinet took office. the House, by leveraging Brigadier General and His Masood Khan, the seventh of April 1300 AD, agents in the US (such Amyrlshgrha) was obtained due to the problems that Saw in his ministry for the Republicans. The result was that teacher resigned, but the work was not accepted. Again, the opposition Republican bowl full of patience and seventh of May the War Department withdrew Reza finally, in a parliamentary session in March 7 focus a Khan, the Brigadier General was appointed Minister representative of the pro-presidential doctor of War Major Masood Khan, the minister remained Ahya’alsaltaneh Bahrami, in one of the halls of in the cabinet. [20] parliament, to the teacher slap tone. Years 1921 to 1926 AD can be called the king The flood of bad for the Republicans in Tehran. waiting. In four years, Reza Khan once went to a At the time of the move to develop split among Republican. [21] Republicans led faction. [24] Despite the occurrence of such incidents, Brigadier General the Republican: Revival Party still insisted on regime change and In Over time and after about twenty years of line with this policy, the thirtieth day of March in the Establishment of constitutional government in Iran three-point To change the monarchy was submitted By the time the Prime Minister Reza the Brigadier to Parliament as follows: "The National Assembly General discuss the formation of the Republic We lofty view of the numerous Telegraph Of all the are in earnest. Qajar kings despotic power after the states and provinces in the country and all walks of establishment of the constitutional regime, Played an Succeeding kings and vote against the extinction of important role in this context. The fixation of the the royal family reached Since almost all said and Kings after the establishment of the constitutional Telegraph coming Desire for regime change to regime, Qajar kings of power suppress political parliamentary republic and have expressly authorized opinions and new ideas and if there had not intended and The Telegram is not legally sufficient to change to do so, like Mohammad Ali Shah would suffer the regime, Signatories of the following three irreparable consequences. Ahmad Shah Qajar kings National Assembly Urgent to encourage the public to in times of weakness Peaked. Along with the device be exposed to ideas: the collapse of the monarchy, a powerful Article One: Convert the republican constitution. organization headed by ministers Or prime minister Article II: the allowance to solicitors fifth of the who emerged Brigadier General the promoters of the country's interests in favor of the Constitution and republic. the revised regime. Most references to the period, based on the fact Section III then turns the results of public that Sardar Sepah Exacerbated the republican idea, opinion, the regime announced by the National agree. Even John Dowlatâbâdi Malikalshra’ Bahar 22 Assembly. "

10 Iran Hajnabi and Reza Shabani, 2015 / Research Journal of Social Sciences 8(7), September, Pages: 7-12

Compound of twelve individuals Commission vozara official and commander in chief of the that it was investigating officer assigned and After withdrawal of Republican published in newspapers review and approval of the Commission for Were and city; After which, the scholars have issued a referred to the parliamentary ratification and It was telegram in this regard, Thus, although a short time, a agreed that the final decision on the second day group of pro-republican Paid to promote it, but the shipping (GDP) in 1923 was adopted by the direct case was closed republicanism. [25] vote of the delegates. Reza Khan once in a telegram to be symbolic of Before the flood, eating lecturer, public all things Resigned their positions because of it, opposition against President did not express. stimulation of employees and external factors stated; Clergymen were opposed to religious reasons But the will of Parliament and the nation as a Finally, Republic; because they knew the face of the ungodly. on December [26], 1304 will return to his position in Clergymen were created when the thought of such the solar Calls on Parliament to take action to dismiss fear, in neighboring Turkey effects of anti-religious Reza Khan Qajar He proposed the formation of the regime was established. The teacher also worsens the Constituent Assembly that it was the President flood were eating. himself. But what makes disapproval provides merchants, Fans of the request, especially the police chief, Fifth Parliament and disarmament Qajar dynasty: Mohammad port, and the merchant market for When selecting the fifth round was all they holiday In support of their insistence on the field. knew, The Parliament may vote on the extinction of While the market these days due to the proximity of the Qajar dynasty. In the beginning of the usual Nowruz the merchants were the great boom now had lawyers must swear to be loyal to the king. But it was to shut down their business. In such circumstances, not possible for them. the twenty-eighth and Twenty-Nine days of March, Motamen Mulk, the powerful chairman of the Three of the Brigadier General was appointed to House, because he did not want to be contaminated negotiate with the Crown Prince and persuade him to in the process, in October 1304, when fifteen resign from his position. The three were presidency again refused to accept this position. commissioned by the Crown of Brigadier General Lawyers Exchequer Almmalk. He also refused to declare, In case of resignation from the monthly vote. Therefore SM Taday'oun-speaker of the salary will be adequate In addition, one of the royal parliament and the president of the reign of meetings palaces around Tehran with bodyguard will be took place in the Parliament. [27] provided; Otherwise, he will have the responsibility Brigadier General and his puppet tried without for security. noise and Fanfare introduction to the deposed Shah's The afternoon of the second day of April, when producing strong October 1304 Strong protests it was the final decision on the adoption of the bill, against the Qajar not do the Brigadier General Different categories of people in Tehran Secretly providing the necessary arrangements. Meet neighborhoods under Clergymen and Tehran imams some of the delegates, Including Taday'oun, Seyed and heads of districts, in order to oppose the bill they Mohammad Sadegh Tabatabai, manuals, etc. A few were heading towards the parliament. Slogans and nights ago it was the ninth of November suggests that posturing opposition was not only but also against Brigadier General Comment and lawyers tried to the Republic was declared Brigadier General. Due to attract the Qajar dynasty and disarmament. On the overcrowding and the risk of further fifth day of November, and the reign of the judges conflict, Taday'oun by phone help the Brigadier and Teymourtash that Alamdar Several lawyers of General. Brigadier General with a number of agents Brigadier General, the extinction of the Qajar and police entered the House floor and issued orders Secretly prepared and presented to delegates after to people. The clash between the police and the satisfying, they were signed. Some representatives do public, a number of people injured and others were not board under the signature. 28 of these protesters arrested. Brigadier General after protesters entered can be certified doctor, Hassan Moalem, poet the parliament building but the president of the court laureate spring, Almmalk Exchequer, Alaa Hussein, objected him strongly to this action, and He was even Motamen al-Dawla Counselor, Mighty Taghizadeh threatened with impeachment. Malikalshoara’ Bahar noted that this objection he lectured at the National of opponents estimates that forty people. After the Assembly in protest. Some disagree with the premise second incident handling, Brigadier General Position of the spring as the poet laureate The monarchy had was severely shaken. Therefore, in order to become so serious that even once Brigadier General strengthen his own position, on the pretext of deposit agents were planning to assassinate him But instead with immigrant scholars who intend to return to their he was mistaken for someone else in front of the sites, traveled to , where he also met with National Assembly were shot. [29] Ayatollah Haj Jamal Esfahani, Nai Leader Ayatollah Finally, despite opposition from the scholars and Haeri, at their request to halt Republican the answer traders States and local representatives in Tehran and is yes. Subsequently, on the thirteenth day of April other National Council of Provinces to prevent the statement of Brigadier General By signing Reis al- change of constitution To change the state, the day 9

11 Iran Hajnabi and Reza Shabani, 2015 / Research Journal of Social Sciences 8(7), September, Pages: 7-12

November 1925 meanwhile, the government granted differences, and other educational institutions in the temporary approval and Qajar extinction Brigadier style of Europe, Modern women working outside the General decide upon a certain state Constituent home, New economic structure with state-owned assembly to amend and modify the Articles 36, 37, factory, communication networks, Investment banks, 38 and 40 amendments to the constitution. and the chain stores. To achieve this goal The amount of fifty thousand dollars on 17 (reconstruction of the image of the West) removing a November 1304 On 24 November, the cost of a religion, abolition of tribalism, , constituent assembly and the amount of fifty dollars development, education and state capitalism's Elections for the Constituent Assembly approved development. [39] expenses. 21 January 1925 on the end of the fifth For the official unveiling and advance, in the round sum of one hundred thousand dollars for center of family should be provided on the head of expenses accession ceremony Coronation of Reza the family that the main factor preventing the Shah Pahlavi was adopted. [30] presence of his wife, Without veils in public places, But the Shah's fall did not end because I expect it was planned, So on the last day with the addition him to come He first appeared in the National of the term December 1928 only male in the first Assembly on 24 December 1925 and Signed the article, Plan to wear the approved uniform. [39] oath, and the next day took the throne on [31] On Sunday 4 April 1926. The wearing khaki-clad With Conclusion: the coronation of King of the Crown Jewels [32] Reza Khan Pahlavi dynasty founder could give Thus, the first king of Reza Khan Pahlavi, the the prevailing atmosphere in society and within the founder of the dynasty. speed ladder by a military coup in 1299 fulfilled its Reza Shah's reign saw the creation of the new objectives, and given the climate of anarchy in world order. To guarantee its absolute power, society and the lack of a powerful state premier, independent newspapers closed down, Parliamentary welcomed by the community of scholars and immunity of MPs and political parties ruined. He intellectuals, and even some The people of insecurity became obedient to the institutional and procedural and disrespect and aggression, was occupied by able to determine their own ministers. In addition, he foreign troops were exhausted. Over time, Shah supports the court to confiscate the fertile Caspian inspired by the progress of civilization in the West, and soon became the richest man of the Revival De-payment policy reforms, especially Islam, Party [33] Had the support of his honesty, his place Reforms that took place in all areas including in the party's first novel The Progress Party military, Economic, political, but the main emphasis (organization to emulate Benito Mussolini and the was placed on the Army Later, relying on a strong Fascist Party Republican Party Mustafa Kemal military and administrative control of the central Ataturk) did. But it's too soon to speculate that the government, Westernize policy and began to struggle Progress Party [34]. The republican is dangerous with tradition and With its reform of the judicial ideas were abolished. system and education that according to the rules of According Bravand Brahmyan Reza Shah on traditional religious beliefs are formed and The rule three pillars: Powerful army, modern bureaucracy was practically scholars, to bring their control. and widespread support for the court. Reza Pahlavi endlessly trying to military. The idea into the mind of REFERENCES the writer and the reader and aspiring science lies within is one of the most powerful military. Reza 1. Zabihullah old, 1967. 25-year history of the Shah Kingdoms of political power and the authority Imperial Army of Iran (Tehran, 1967 pilgrims of did not call Iran to force it on a path that some of the old, never-up), p.25. authors' modeling west style ". [35] 2. Ibid., pp: 57 and 53. In 1927 the new king. The Act repeals the 3. Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemadassltaneh, capitulation. [36] He also signed new contracts Marat Albldan, 1988. C II and III, to try between the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. And the something and Mir Abdul Nabi Mohaddeth, pp: contract with the new rates. But refuses to accept 42. foreign loans declined and with the increase in 4. wise, B., 1998. Reza Shah and the army indirect taxes, such as taxes on sugar and tea, All his uniform, pp: 18 and 17. efforts to build railroad in prosperity. Within 9 years, 5. ibid. all expenses thus creating a supply rail [37] of his 6. Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemadassltaneh, p: entourage, which included military officers and 48. Political figures stayed for 26 days in Turkey. 7. Stephanie Cronin, 2003. Reza Shah and the [38] He was the undisputed power, social reforms formation of modern Iran. Translation M. began. Shah in power, the reforms did not, however, Saghebfar, p: 129. rule, Indicated that he wanted the Iranians to abandon 8. Agheli, B., p: 21. the one hand, the influence of the Clergymen, 9. Agheli, B., p: 24. Foreign conspiracy, rebellion tribes and ethnic

12 Iran Hajnabi and Reza Shabani, 2015 / Research Journal of Social Sciences 8(7), September, Pages: 7-12

10. Adibi, S., 2006. thirty years of his army in 26. Maki, H., 1995. twenty years of history of Iran, Cassack khaneh and, p: 86. p: 433. 11. Baqir, Agheli, p: 24. 27. Hassan Morsalvand, 1900. dignitaries and 12. Zabihullah Ghadimi, p.55. celebrities about the biography of Iran’s known 13. Baqir. Agheli, p. 26. men (1920-1941 AD), p: 69. 14. Shamim Ali Asghar, 2008. Iran during the Qajar 28. Abbasgholizadeh Golshayyan, 1998. the dynasty, p: 595. thoughts or memories of my life, p: 112. 15. As 29. Amir Abdullah Tahmasp, on Imperial Majesty 16. Stephanie Cronin, p: 70. Reza Shah the Great, p: 623. 17. S. Adibi, p: 86. 30. Iran Between Two Revolutions 1998. p: 150. 18. AA Shamim, in , p: 597. 31. Ibid., pp: 171 and 172. 19. Assad Bakhtiari, 1993. Memories Sardar Assad 32. Ibid., p: 126. Bakhtiari, p: 110. 33. Stephanie Cronin, p: 130. 20. laureate spring, 1992. A Concise History of the 34. Ibid., p: 12. Political Parties, c 2, p: 42. 35. Nazareth, H., 2005. Reza Shah Pahlavi, the 21. John Dowlatâbâdi the life of John, 1992. 4: 347. book, p: 47. 22. Darius Rahmaniyan challenges and the 36. Atabaki, T., 2009. authoritarian modernization monarchy, 2000. 8; Fereydoun humanity, of society and the state of his era, translated by ideology Constitutional Movement. p: 103. M. Haqiqatkhah, p: 17. 23. Assad Bakhtiari, p: 110. 37. Ervand Abrahamian, 1998. Iran between Two 24. Ibid., p: 114. Revolutions, pp: 128-127. 25. Raza needs, from birth until the reign of Reza 38. Jafari, M., S. Ismaili, M. Farshchi, 1992. Shah 2002. p: 744. unveiling event, documentary unveiling event at the age of Khan s 69 39.