Spring 2020 Field Botany Syllabus
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Glossary - Cellbiology
1 Glossary - Cellbiology Blotting: (Blot Analysis) Widely used biochemical technique for detecting the presence of specific macromolecules (proteins, mRNAs, or DNA sequences) in a mixture. A sample first is separated on an agarose or polyacrylamide gel usually under denaturing conditions; the separated components are transferred (blotting) to a nitrocellulose sheet, which is exposed to a radiolabeled molecule that specifically binds to the macromolecule of interest, and then subjected to autoradiography. Northern B.: mRNAs are detected with a complementary DNA; Southern B.: DNA restriction fragments are detected with complementary nucleotide sequences; Western B.: Proteins are detected by specific antibodies. Cell: The fundamental unit of living organisms. Cells are bounded by a lipid-containing plasma membrane, containing the central nucleus, and the cytoplasm. Cells are generally capable of independent reproduction. More complex cells like Eukaryotes have various compartments (organelles) where special tasks essential for the survival of the cell take place. Cytoplasm: Viscous contents of a cell that are contained within the plasma membrane but, in eukaryotic cells, outside the nucleus. The part of the cytoplasm not contained in any organelle is called the Cytosol. Cytoskeleton: (Gk. ) Three dimensional network of fibrous elements, allowing precisely regulated movements of cell parts, transport organelles, and help to maintain a cell’s shape. • Actin filament: (Microfilaments) Ubiquitous eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (one end is attached to the cell-cortex) of two “twisted“ actin monomers; are important in the structural support and movement of cells. Each actin filament (F-actin) consists of two strands of globular subunits (G-Actin) wrapped around each other to form a polarized unit (high ionic cytoplasm lead to the formation of AF, whereas low ion-concentration disassembles AF). -
Liliaceae S.L. (Lily Family)
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Ben Legler Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Lilium columbianum Xerophyllum tenax Trillium ovatum Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Fritillaria lanceolata Ref.1 Textbook DVD KRR&DLN Erythronium americanum Allium vineale Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Herbs; Ref.2 Stems often modified as underground rhizomes, corms, or bulbs; Flowers actinomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals, 6 stamens, 3 carpels, ovary superior (or inferior). Tulipa gesneriana Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) “Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family; 288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa; This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of the Pacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic. It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense and some of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+ families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae, Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”) Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Iris pseudacorus Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium sp. Iridaceae (Iris family) Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species, Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium. Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial; Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms; Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant Ref.3 (oriented edgewise to the stem; Gladiolus italicus Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals; Stamens 3; Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior. -
Revised Glossary for AQA GCSE Biology Student Book
Biology Glossary amino acids small molecules from which proteins are A built abiotic factor physical or non-living conditions amylase a digestive enzyme (carbohydrase) that that affect the distribution of a population in an breaks down starch ecosystem, such as light, temperature, soil pH anaerobic respiration respiration without using absorption the process by which soluble products oxygen of digestion move into the blood from the small intestine antibacterial chemicals chemicals produced by plants as a defence mechanism; the amount abstinence method of contraception whereby the produced will increase if the plant is under attack couple refrains from intercourse, particularly when an egg might be in the oviduct antibiotic e.g. penicillin; medicines that work inside the body to kill bacterial pathogens accommodation ability of the eyes to change focus antibody protein normally present in the body acid rain rain water which is made more acidic by or produced in response to an antigen, which it pollutant gases neutralises, thus producing an immune response active site the place on an enzyme where the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) an increasing substrate molecule binds problem in the twenty-first century whereby active transport in active transport, cells use energy bacteria have evolved to develop resistance against to transport substances through cell membranes antibiotics due to their overuse against a concentration gradient antiretroviral drugs drugs used to treat HIV adaptation features that organisms have to help infections; they -
Activity 3: Six Kingdoms Brochure
Activity 3: Six Kingdoms Brochure Objective: You will demonstrate your knowledge of the six kingdoms of organisms by gathering information (from your class notes, the internet, and the biology textook) and creating a brochure on the six kingdoms in which scientists classify organisms. Your brochure will be organized as follows: 1. Making the Brochure- the brochure is made of one piece of paper. Fold the paper into thirds. 2. Cover- your cover should have a picture and an appropriate title. Your name should be written in the bottom right corner of the cover. 3. Inside the Brochure- inside your brochure, you should have one section for each of six kingdoms. Use the front and back of the paper. Since there will only be five open sections left in the brochure, you should place both the Eubacteria Kingdom and Archaebacteria Kingdom in the same section. You must include the following information for each of the six kingdoms: • Are the organisms unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (many cells) or both? • Do they have a nucleus in their cells? • Do they make their own food or get it from other organisms? • Other important characteristics • A picture or a diagram of sample organisms (one or a few) The Kingdom Fungi The Kingdom Fungi includes some of the most important organisms, both in terms of their ecological and economic roles. By decomposing dead material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. In addition, most plants could not grow without the fungi, or mycorrhizae, that live in their roots and supply essential nutrients. Other fungi provide numerous drugs (such as penicillin and other antibiotics), foods like mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles in bread (yeast), champagne, and beer. -
Anatomy and Go Fish! Background
Anatomy and Go Fish! Background Introduction It is important to properly identify fi sh for many reasons: to follow the rules and regulations, for protection against sharp teeth or protruding spines, for the safety of the fi sh, and for consumption or eating purposes. When identifying fi sh, scientists and anglers use specifi c vocabulary to describe external or outside body parts. These body parts are common to most fi sh. The difference in the body parts is what helps distinguish one fi sh from another, while their similarities are used to classify them into groups. There are approximately 29,000 fi sh species in the world. In order to identify each type of fi sh, scientists have grouped them according to their outside body parts, specifi cally the number and location of fi ns, and body shape. Classifi cation Using a system of classifi cation, scientists arrange all organisms into groups based on their similarities. The fi rst system of classifi cation was proposed in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus. Linnaeus believed that each organism should have a binomial name, genus and species, with species being the smallest organization unit of life. Using Linnaeus’ system as a guide, scientists created a hierarchical system known as taxonomic classifi cation, in which organisms are classifi ed into groups based on their similarities. This hierarchical system moves from largest and most general to smallest and most specifi c: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. {See Figure 1. Taxonomic Classifi cation Pyramid}. For example, fi sh belong to the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, and from there are grouped more specifi cally into several classes, orders, families, and thousands of genus and species. -
BIOLOGY CLASS – XI and XII (2021-22) the Present Curriculum
BIOLOGY (Code No. 044) Syllabus for Purpose of Examination 2021-22 CLASS – XI and XII (2021-22) The present curriculum provides the students with updated concepts along with an extended exposure to contemporary areas of the subject. The curriculum also aims at emphasizing the underlying principles that are common to animals, plants and microorganisms as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other areas of knowledge. The format of the curriculum allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It relates the study of biology to real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and innovations in biology to everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The updated curriculum focuses on understanding and application of scientific principles, while ensuring that ample opportunities and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts continue to be available within its framework. The curriculum is expected to: promote understanding of basic principles of Biology encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and development enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and developing respect for other living beings appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple processes It is expected that the -
Bio 345 Field Botany Fall 2013 Professor Mark Davis Macalester College (Office: Rice 104; 696-6102) Office Hours - M: 1:30-3:00 P.M
Bio 345 Field Botany Fall 2013 Professor Mark Davis Macalester College (Office: Rice 104; 696-6102) Office Hours - M: 1:30-3:00 p.m. Wed: 1:30-3:00 p.m. GENERAL INFORMATION Biology 345-01 (02): (Field Botany) is a course in plant taxonomy, plant geography, and plant ecology. Students will learn the principles of plant classification and, through first hand experience, the techniques of plant identification, collection, and preservation. Students also will be introduced to the fields of plant geography and plant ecology. Particular attention will be given to the taxonomy, geography, and ecology of plants growing in the North Central United States. Weekly field trips to nearby habitats will enable students to become familiar with many local species. This is a course for anyone who enjoys plants and wants to learn to identify them and learn more about them, as well as for students with a scientific interest in plant taxonomy and ecology. Note: this syllabus and other course materials can also be found on Moodle. READINGS: Readings from Barbour and Billings (2000), North American Terrestrial Vegetation, Cambridge U Press (in Bio Student Lounge); Judd et al. (2008), Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Sinauer Associates (in Bio Student Lounge); & readings to be assigned. LECTURES: MWF 10:50 - 11:50 a.m. in OR284. Please come to class on time!!!! LABORATORY/FIELD TRIPS/DISCUSSIONS: Thurs: 8:00 - 11:10 a.m. During September, and October we will usually take field trips during the weekly laboratory time. These will be local botanizing trips and will provide students with the opportunity to develop and practice their identification skills in the field. -
Zoology Lab Manual
General Zoology Lab Supplement Stephen W. Ziser Department of Biology Pinnacle Campus To Accompany the Zoology Lab Manual: Smith, D. G. & M. P. Schenk Exploring Zoology: A Laboratory Guide. Morton Publishing Co. for BIOL 1413 General Zoology 2017.5 Biology 1413 Introductory Zoology – Supplement to Lab Manual; Ziser 2015.12 1 General Zoology Laboratory Exercises 1. Orientation, Lab Safety, Animal Collection . 3 2. Lab Skills & Microscopy . 14 3. Animal Cells & Tissues . 15 4. Animal Organs & Organ Systems . 17 5. Animal Reproduction . 25 6. Animal Development . 27 7. Some Animal-Like Protists . 31 8. The Animal Kingdom . 33 9. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) . 47 10. Phyla Cnidaria (Jellyfish & Corals) & Ctenophora . 49 11. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) . 52 12. Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) . 56 13. Phyla Rotifera . 59 14. Acanthocephala, Gastrotricha & Nematomorpha . 60 15. Phylum Mollusca (Molluscs) . 67 16. Phyla Brachiopoda & Ectoprocta . 73 17. Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms) . 74 18. Phyla Sipuncula . 78 19. Phylum Arthropoda (I): Trilobita, Myriopoda . 79 20. Phylum Arthropoda (II): Chelicerata . 81 21. Phylum Arthropods (III): Crustacea . 86 22. Phylum Arthropods (IV): Hexapoda . 90 23. Phyla Onycophora & Tardigrada . 97 24. Phylum Echinodermata (Echinoderms) . .104 25. Phyla Chaetognatha & Hemichordata . 108 26. Phylum Chordata (I): Lower Chordates & Agnatha . 109 27. Phylum Chordata (II): Chondrichthyes & Osteichthyes . 112 28. Phylum Chordata (III): Amphibia . 115 29. Phylum Chordata (IV): Reptilia . 118 30. Phylum Chordata (V): Aves . 121 31. Phylum Chordata (VI): Mammalia . 124 Lab Reports & Assignments Identifying Animal Phyla . 39 Identifying Common Freshwater Invertebrates . 42 Lab Report for Practical #1 . 43 Lab Report for Practical #2 . 62 Identification of Insect Orders . 96 Lab Report for Practical #3 . -
AP Biology 2021
Heritage High School 1401 West Geddes Avenue LITTLETON Littleton, Colorado 80120 303-347-7600 PUBLIC SCHOOLS May 2021 Welcome to AP Biology! Once you have confirmed that you are in the class, the main piece of your summer assignment is to read the first two chapters of your Biology book using the attached reading guide. Sit down and plow through it now! In addition, when you finish these two chapters and want to read ahead to make your year easier, let me know and I will get you more chapter assignments to do. Every year, students tell me that they wished they actually did this. The first two chapter readings are due the first Monday of school. You can buy or rent the book from anywhere online or from a past student. A used book is running on Amazon.com for about $80 (at the end of April). You can earn a little of that back too by selling it to the next year of students. Please make sure that the book you buy has not been highlighted as that will just confuse you! If you have trouble getting the book, please contact me and we can see what we can work out. What you need to do now: 1. Once schedules come out, or you check with your counselor or me to make sure you are enrolled, send me an email confirming that you are in the class from your school email account. 2. Get the book, “Principles of Life” by Hillis et al. THIRD EDITION What you need to do soon: 3. -
Active Learning in a Non-Majors Biology Class Lessons Learned
Active Learning in a Non-Majors Biology Class Lessons Learned Elaine B. McClanahan and Lon L. McClanahan Abstract. This article describes how a tradi- dents enroll in the lecture independent of dynamics, and student learning outcomes tional biology lecture course was transformed the laboratories. for an introductory non-majors biology into an interactive class. A review the activi- Lon’s teaching style is that of the tradi- course. The framework we used to design ties used, changes made to grading policy, and practical tips for integration of active learning tional college professor, taking a “sage on our classroom uses “instructional activi- in the classroom are provided. Analysis of stu- the stage” (King 1993) approach. ties involving students in doing things dent responses to course assessments indicat- Although my initial teaching style was also and thinking about what they are doing” ed that active learning experiences helped the traditional lecture, I learned a more (Bonwell and Eisen 1991). them focus on and understand key concepts of facilitative teaching approach after I left To ensure that students were evaluated the course. Students performed as well as, or better than, those in previous classes that used academia to work in business and industry. on their participation as well as their a more traditional lecture technique. Active I have since returned to higher education, scores on traditional multiple-choice learning enriches the classroom learning expe- and my teaching style is now a more inter- exams, we modified the course syllabus. rience and can be incorporated into a large active “guide on the side” (King 1993) Previously the grading plan was based lecture setting with relative ease. -
Identify Specimens Labeled A-D by Genus Name
STATION 1 **Match the description of each of these famous fossil sites with its location. Write the location label (A, B, C, etc) from the map in the corresponding blanks on your answer sheet for each description. 1._____Yixian Formation: Remains of many different animals from Early Cretaceous time, including feathered dinosaurs, are found in this Formation in Liaoning Province. 2._____Burgess Shale: This Cambrian-age deposit preserved delicate, soft-bodied shallow marine invertebrates that were swept off the edge of the continental shelf and rapidly buried. The site was discovered in 1909 by Charles Walcott. 3._____Morrison Formation: Late Jurassic-age rocks preserve terrestrial floodplain fossils, including bones and tracks of giant sauropods like Diplodocus and Apatosaurus, as well as vegetation from that time. 4._____Olduvai Gorge: This Early Pleistocene site contains remains of human ancestors, together with stone tools and campsites, that were buried and preserved in volcanic ash. Louis and Mary Leakey discovered this site in the 1930s. 5._____Rancho LaBrea Tar Pits: Sticky tar pools trapped predators and prey, insects and pollen during the Pleistocene, providing thousands of fossils and preserved skeletons of a wide variety of animals, including dire wolves, mammoths and saber tooth cats. 6._____Ediacara Hills: Proterozoic (570-543 million years ago) deposits preserve abundant soft-bodied inter-tidal invertebrate marine life known as Ediacaran Fauna. Fossils include jellyfish, segmented worms, feather-like soft corals and early arthropod-like forms. 7._____Karoo Beds: These Late Carboniferous to Early Permian deposits provide evidence of early complex terrestrial ecosystems and evolution of synapsid ancestors of today's mammals. -
Chapt 2-Classification.Pdf
PLSC 210: Lecture 2 Fall Semester, 2009 PLANT CLASSIFICATION I. GENERAL TERMINOLOGY 1. By growth habit: Succulent plants - herbaceous or herbs (succulent seed plants possessing self-supporting stems) Vine - a climbing or trailing herbaceous plant Liana - Trees - having a single central axis Shrub - having several more or less upright stems 2. By leaf drops: Deciduous - Evergreen - 3. By life span: Annuals - Biennial - Vegetative (often rosettes) during the first growing season. The winter following the first growing season provides the low temperature necessary to stimulate to 'bolt' or to send up a seed stalk during the second growing season. Carrots, radish and beets are harvested as annuals at the end of the first growing season after they develop over-wintering storage organs. Perennial - Unlike annuals and biennials, the perennial does not necessarily die after flowering (fruit trees; asparagus, rhubarb whose above ground parts are killed each year (in temperate regions) but roots remain alive to send up shoots in the spring; subtropical perennials such as tomato and eggplant are considered annual in temperate regions; Rubus (raspberries) has perennial roots and biennial shoots) 4. By temperature tolerance: Tender plant - damaged or killed by low temperature Hardy plant - withstands winter low temperatures Wood-hardy - a whole plant is winter hardy Flower-bud hardiness - ability of flower buds to survive low winter temperatures (peach, ginkgo tree) 5. By temperature requirements: Cool- season crop - Warm-season crop - 6. By habitat