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Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Photo: Ben Legler
Photo: Hannah Marx
Photo: Hannah Marx

Xerophyllum tenax
Lilium columbianum

Trillium ovatum

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Fritillaria lanceolata

Ref.1
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Erythronium americanum
Allium vineale

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Herbs;

Ref.2

Stems often modified as underground rhizomes, corms, or bulbs;

Flowers actinomorphic;

3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals, 6 stamens,

3 carpels, ovary superior (or inferior).

Tulipa gesneriana

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

“Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family;

288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa;

This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of the Pacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic.

It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense and some of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+ families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae, Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”)

Iridaceae (Iris family)

  • Photo: Hannah Marx
  • Photo: Hannah Marx

Iris pseudacorus

Iridaceae (Iris family)

  • Photo: Yaowu Yuan
  • Photo: Yaowu Yuan

  • Sisyrinchium douglasii
  • Sisyrinchium sp.

Iridaceae (Iris family)

Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species,

Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium.

Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial; Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms;

Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant
(oriented edgewise to the stem;

Ref.3

Gladiolus italicus

Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic;

3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals; Stamens 3; Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior.

Araceae (Arum family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Lysichitum americanum

Textbook DVD KRR

Monstera deliciosa

Araceae (Arum family)

Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Spadix: Spike with a thickened, fleshy axis, as characteristic of members of the Araceae.

Spike: Simple, indeterminate inflorescence with a single axis bearing sessile flowers.

Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Spike

Arisaema triphyllum

Araceae (Arum family)

complete - all four whorls present incomplete - one or more whorls

missing perfect - both reproductive whorls present; bisexual

imperfect - one reproductive

whorl missing; unisexual

monoecious - plants with

imperfect (unisexual) flowers, in which both sexes are on the same plant

dioecious - plants with imperfect

(unisexual) flower, in which each sex is on a separate plant

Polygamous - plants with both

perfect (bisexual) and imperfect (unisexual) flowers on the same plant

  • Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
  • Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Arisaema triphyllum

Araceae (Arum family)

  • Photo: Yaowu Yuan
  • Ref.4

Amorphophallus titanium

Doug Ewing, our greenhouse manager,

holding an Amorphophallus plant

Araceae (Arum family)

Araceae - 109 genera/2830 species, Including Lysichitum (skunk cabbage),

Amorphophyllus (corpse flower).

Herbs (some epiphytes), mostly tropical; Leaves simple to compound;

Inflorescence consisting of

spathe - large leaf-like to petal-like bract subtending the flowers spadix- axis on which the flowers are borne often with a sterile extension towards the tip called an “appendix”

Flowers unisexual (sometimes bisexual)

monoecious or dioecious; if monoecious, males flowers above, female flowers below

Fetid odor;

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

lobellum
Nctar spur

Bulbophyllum echinolabium

Lobellum: “Lip” of an orchid perianth; the adaxial member of the inner whorl of perianth parts (but due to rotation of the flower, at anthesis usually placed as the lowermost perianth part), and differentiated from the other perianth parts in size, form, and/or coloration.

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Textbook DVD KRR&DLN

Bletilla striata

Column: structure formed by the fused style and stigma plus stamens of orchids. Pollinium (pl. pollinia): mass of pollen grains transported as a unit, as in many Orchidaceae plants.

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

These images are all from the same source, ref.6

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

5 minutes later

Mass of pollen grains (pollinia) transported as a unit by pollinators -all or nothing! to fertilize all eggs in another flower.

Photo: Yaowu Yuan

Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)

Textbook DVD DLN

Epidendrum radiatum

Epiphytic plants: plants that are supported by some structure other than their own stem (usually other plants).
Pseudobulb: thickened internode on the stem of many epiphytic orchids .

Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)

Modifications for drought resistance: -Pseudobulb, store water and nutrients;

-The thickened aerial roots strongly

mycorrhizal (mutualism with fungi), often covered with a velamen that absorbs water from air.

-Sunken stomata on leaves, allow CO2 in and

O2 out but little H2O out. -Thick waxy cuticle (waxy surface covering plant to prevent water loss).

Velamen: a spongy multi-layered epidermis that covers the roots of many epiphytic orchids.

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Orchidaceae - 775 genera/19,5000 species. Perhaps the family with the largest number of species (20,000 - 45, 000); Many tropical epiphytic orchid species probably still unknown; Often very close association with insect pollinator – tight co-evolution.

Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic (all terrestrial in PNW);

Flowers zygomorphic,

petals 3, one modified as a “labellum”; sepals 3, one may have a spur; pollen aggregated into pollinia; style, stigma, and stamens fused to form the column;

ovary inferior.

Seeds minute, without endosperm, require a fungal partner to germinate successfully and for continued growth. Each ovary has 1000s of ovules;

Monocots vs. Dicots

Ref.7

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