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Biostratigraphy of the Arroyo Penasco Group, Lower Carboniferous (Mississsippian), North-Central New Mexico Augustus K

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Biostratigraphy of the Arroyo Penasco Group, Lower Carboniferous (Mississsippian), North-Central New Mexico Augustus K New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/25 Biostratigraphy of the Arroyo Penasco Group, Lower Carboniferous (Mississsippian), north-central New Mexico Augustus K. Armstrong and Bernard L. Mamet, 1974, pp. 145-158 in: Ghost Ranch, Siemers, C. T.; Woodward, L. A.; Callender, J. F.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 25th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 404 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1974 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 25th Field Conf., Ghost Ranch (Central-Northern N.M.), 1974 145 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE ARROYO PENASCO GROUP, LOWER CARBONIFEROUS (MISSISSIPPIAN), NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO* by AUGUSTUS K. ARMSTRONG and BERNARD L. MAMET U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif., and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada INTRODUCTION Pecos River Canyon and Rio Pueblo region of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. He adopted, in general, Baltz and Read's A section of pre-Pennsylvanian predominantly carbonate 1960 nomenclature for these rocks but added major revisions. rock of Paleozoic age in the San Pedro Mountain, Nacimiento, He removed the basal sandstone of the pre-Pennsylvanian car- Jemez, Sandia, and Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern bonate rocks in the Pecos River Canyon from Baltz and Read's New Mexico (Figs. 1, 2) has been studied by several workers Espiritu Santo Formation and named it the Del Padre Sand- since the end of World War II. stone. He assigned the 230 m of conglomeratic sandstone in Read and others (1944) first recognized the distinctness of his Rio Chiquito section (p. 25-26), north of Truchas Peak, to these rocks in north-central New Mexico and mapped them as his Del Padre Sandstone. He considered his unfossiliferous Del the lower limestone member of the Pennsylvanian Sandia For- Padre Sandstone to be any age from late Precambrian (post- mation, Magdalena Group. The lower gray limestone member metamorphic) to Early Mississippian, although he believed that was mapped and described by Wood and Northrop (1946) in the Del Padre probably interfingers laterally with the Espiritu the San Pedro Mountain and Nacimiento Mountains and by Santo Formation. He restricted the Espiritu Santo to the car- Northrop and others (1946) in the southeastern foothills of bonate rocks below the breccia zone. the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Armstrong (1967) studied the petrography of the carbonate In 1955 Armstrong proposed the name Arroyo Penasco For- rocks and described and illustrated the Foraminifera of the mation for the lower gray limestone member of the Sandia Mississippian rocks of north-central New Mexico. Armstrong Formation in the San Pedro, Nacimiento, Sandia, and Sangre (1967, p. 5-8) considered Baltz and Read's (1960) Espiritu de Cristo Mountains of north-central New Mexico. He desig- Santo and Tererro Formations of the Sangre de Cristo Moun- nated its type section in SW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec. 5, T. 16 N., R. 1 E., tains to be laterally equivalent parts of his (Armstrong, 1955) in Pinos and Penasco Canyons, Nacimiento Mountains and Arroyo Penasco. He recognized the Arroyo Penasco over reported that the unit contained a Meramecian endothyrid northern New Mexico. Because of its extent and the forma- fauna. tions it includes, the Arroyo Penasco is raised to group rank in Fitzsimmons, Armstrong, and Gordon (1956) listed a fauna north-central New Mexico. Armstrong (1967) differentiated of megafossils from the Arroyo Penasco Formation in expo- three incomplete carbonate depositional cycles in the Arroyo sures on the northwestern side of the San Pedro Mountains Penasco and outlined the following depositional history: and from its type section. Armstrong (1958a) described part The Arroyo Penasco, 3 to 40 m thick, rests on a pene- of the Meramecian endothyrid fauna of the Arroyo Penasco plained surface of Precambrian rocks. It contains a late Formation and demonstrated that at the type section and in Osagean, Meramecian, and Chesterian marine fauna. It is over- the Sangre de Cristo Mountains the rocks had the same lithol- lain unconformably by sandstone of Pennsylvanian age. The ogies and endothyrid species and were thus of the same (Mer- Arroyo Penasco crops out in the Nacimiento Mountains, its amecian) age. type area, as well as in the San Pedro Mountain, Jemez, San- Armstrong (1955, 1958a) indicated that the basal carbonate dia, Manzanita, Manzano, and Sangre de Cristo Mountains of rocks in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains were Meramecian in north-central New Mexico. age and restated this view in 1962 (p. 14). Because of the The basal unit, 0.5 to 18 m thick—named the Espiritu Santo discovery of the Spinoendothyra spinosa (Chernysheva) micro- Formation by Baltz and Read (1960) in the Sangre de Cristo fauna in cherts of the basal carbonate rocks by Lee Holcomb Mountains—is transgressive and is composed of siltstone, sand- of the Shell Oil Company, Armstrong (1963, p. 115; 1965, p. stone, and thin shale. Three incomplete carbonate depositional 133; Armstrong and Holcomb, 1967) determined the age of cycles were recognized. The lowest, cycle 1, consists of do- the Arroyo Penasco Formation as late Osagean and Mer- lomite, dedolomite, and coarse-grained poikilotopic calcite amecian. with corroded dolomite rhombs. These rocks contain gray In 1960 Baltz and Read divided the pre-Pennsylvanian sand- nodular chert with a microfauna of Zone 9 (late Osagean age): stone and carbonate rocks of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains Endothyra (now Spinoendothyra) spinosa (Chernysheva), En- into two newly named formations, the Espiritu Santo and the dothyra (now Latiendothyra) skippae (Armstrong), and Septa- Tererro. The Tererro Formation was divided into three mem- brunsiina parakrainica Skipp, Holcomb, and Gutschick. The bers—in ascending order, the Macho, Manuelitas, and Cowles lowest cycle reflects initial deposition of a shallow-marine lime Members. mud followed by stromatolitic intertidal to supratidal carbon- Sutherland (1963) studied pre-Pennsylvanian rocks of the ate deposits. *Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey. Cycle 2 is shallow-marine to intertidal echinoderm wacke- stone to lime mudstone and dolomite containing a sparse microfauna of Meramecian age: Endothyra (now Eoendothy- fauna of Endothyra (now Spinoendothyra) aff. S. spinosa ranopsis) prodigiosa (Armstrong), Endothyra (now Eoenclo- (Chernysheva), Endothyra irregularis (Zeller), and Endothyra thyranopsis) macra (Zeller), Endothyra irregularis (Zeller), and (now Eoendothyranopsis) spiroides (Zeller) (an identification Tournayella sp. (in this report referred to as Eoforschia). error; in this report referred to the Tournayellidae). Cycles 2 and 3 are present in Baltz and Read's (1960) Tererro Cycle 3 is shallow-marine wackestone to arenaceous oolitic Formation in its type area, the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. to ooid-echinoderm packstone ending as subtidal lime mud- stone to intertidal dolomite. The ooid facies contains a rich Late Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian uplift resulted in to 9-m-thick gypsum bed and caused the subsequent collapse extensive erosion and removal of the Arroyo Penasco Forma- of adjacent overlying lower Meramecian carbonate rocks. Solu- tion. A solution limestone collapse breccia, 1.5 to 9 m thick, tion activity was extensive, and sinkholes developed. rests on a smooth surface of stromatolitic dedolomite in the In "The Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region," Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The breccia—Baltz and Read's Johnson (1972, figs. 1, 2, 4-6) followed the Mississippian age (1960) Macho Member of the Tererro Formation—resulted
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