JOHN MOULTRIE, JUNIOR, M.D., 1729-1798*

ROYAL LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF EAST FLORIDA

By ELEANOR WINTHROP TOWNSEND, M.D.

CHARLESTON, S. C.

OLONIAL history in Amer­ John Cranston,3 upon whom was con­ ica abounds in the names of ferred the first medical degree in Amer­ physicians who played im­ ica, by act of the Assembly of the Col­ portant parts in the political ony of Rhode Island and Providence Caffairs of their country. Many werePlantations men convening in 1663-64, of rare ability and versatility. Some served his colony not only as its lead­ continued through life the practice of ing physician and surgeon, but also as medicine, whether interrupted or ac­ attorney-general, as commander-in- companied by their activities as col­ chief of militia, and in other official onizers, governors, or military men, positions before becoming governor. while others became in the true sense To John Brooks,4 physician, colonel “medical truants” and forsook medi­ in the continental army, and later gov­ cine for other chosen Helds of interest ernor of Massachusetts, James Thacher, and service. It is not strange that these better known for his “American Med­ men should have been called upon to ical Biography,” dedicated his work en­ share largely in guiding the destinies of titled “A Military Journal during the the country in those rigorous times, in American Revolutionary War, from view of the self-discipline and the men­ 1775 to °f which President tal stimulus which education for their Adams wrote, “It is the most natural, profession must necessarily have simple, and faithful narrative of facts brought to them. John Quincy wrote that I have seen in any history of that in 1719, “Of all the Studies which em­ period.” ploy the Faculties of reasonable Men, Among the colonial physicians who none open the Mind more, or give it a Filed executive positions was John juster Turn of Thinking, than Phys- Moultrie, Junior, Royal Lieutenant- ick.”1 Governor of East Florida, son of Dr. Physicians were numbered among John Moultrie of Charles Towne, the early governors and members of South Carolina, and brother of Gen­ governing councils of the colonies from eral William Moultrie who in command New England to the southernmost. Be­ of a few strategically placed troops de­ fore serving his colony in executive ca­ fended Charles Towne harbor against pacity, Governor Edward Winslow2 of the attacking British fleet in 1776. The Massachusetts had saved it from a first of his distinguished family to be threatened Indian massacre and possi­ born in America, he was the first na­ ble annihilation, by the good will he tive American to be graduated in med­ incurred in attending the chief, Massas- icine from Edinburgh University.5,6 soit, during a serious illness. Captain Of ancient Scottish lineage, his an­ * Read before the Medical History Club, Charleston, S. C., December 9, 1937. cestors were Lairds of Seafield, Mar­ parish of Culross, Shire of Eife. His kinch, and Roscobie, in whose history only son, John, born there in 1702. was adventure and romance are not lack­ educated at Edinburgh, became a sur­ ing. One John Multrare (one of six geon in the British Navy, “that his different spellings of the same name in theoretical knowledge might be per­ old MSS and charters7) who succeeded fected and confirmed by practice and to the title in 1540, was the bitter observation at the bedside of his pa­ enemy of his neighbor James Kirk­ tients,”8 and emigrated to Charlestown caldy of Grange, and their enmity be­ in 1728. On the twenty-second of April came a link in the chain of political of that year, the Register of St. Philip’s events which bound Mary Queen of Parish, Charlestown, South Carolina, Scots more firmly to her doom. This records his marriage to Lucretia John had received from Mary by Royal Cooper, daughter of Dr. Barnard Chris­ Charter, in 1547, four acres of land tian Cooper, of Goose Creek. held until then by Kirkcaldy, whose There were four sons of this mar­ hostility to the Queen was so deeply riage. John, the eldest, born January stirred thereby that when she became 18, 1729, became lieutenant-governor, the target of accusations following in 1771, of His Majesty’s Province of upon the murder of Darnley, Kirk­ East Florida and held that office caldy devised a caricature of her under throughout the Revolution. James the Moultrie crest. As Miss Strickland having been attorney-general of the (“Lives of the Queens of England") Province of South Carolina, became writes: Chief Justice of East Florida. William, Mary was peculiarly annoyed at one of the third son, for whom Fort Moultrie these gross personal caricatures called The is named in honor of his defense of Mermaid which represented her in the Charlestown Harbor, became a major- character of a crowned syren, with a scep­ general in the Revolutionary Army tre formed of a fish’s tail in her hand, and and later the governor of the state of Hanked with the royal initials m.r. . . . South Carolina. Thomas, a captain in a striking likeness of Mary’s lovely fea­ the Revolutionary Army, was killed in tures . . . with melancholy expression. the siege of Charlestown in 1780. In the description of the Moultrie By his second marriage, to Elizabeth arms entered in the Lyon Office Rec­ Mathewes, Dr. John Moultrie had one ords, Edinburgh, a.d. 1672-76. is found son, Alexander, who became the first the statement: “A wreath of his col- attorney-general of the state of South lours is set for his crest, a Mermaid Carolina. proper.” Ebe father of this distinguished The estate of Roscobie, bought in group of sons, Dr. John Moultrie, the 1631 by one Robert Moultrie, who emigrant to Charlestown, entered thor­ sold Seafield and Markinch, was sold oughly into the life of his community about 1800 by Catherine Moultrie to and his profession. In 1729 his name William Adam, Escp, the friend of Sir appears as one of the founders of the Walter Scott.7 St. Andrews Society, of which later he John Moultrie, a second son of served as president from 1760 to 1771, James Moultrie (1686-1710) whose eld­ the year of his death. He was a member est son James inherited the estate, mar­ of the Charles Towne Library Society ried Catherine Craik and lived in the and a vestryman of St. Michael’s Church. He is recorded in 1734 as hav­ and in an unusual number of cases pro­ ing been paid by St. Philip’s vestry for duced fatal consequences. . . . He was hospital services; in 1747 and again in the idol of his patients. ... So great was 1759 as quarantine officer; in 1760, as the confidence reposed in his judgment, having inoculated on February 11 all that they who were usually attended by the family of Robert Pringle, smallpox him, preferred his advice and assistance, even on the festive evening of St. An­ having appeared in January; and in drew’s Day, to that of any other profes­ 1763 as a signer of the inoculation sional man in his most collected mo­ promise. This was an agreement, in ments. response to the accusation that the phy­ sicians were perpetuating the disease As the eldest son of a prominent by inoculating, to discontinue inocula­ physician, John Moultrie, Junior, tion for six months provided no one turned naturally to medicine and at inoculated in any way. The thirteen seventeen years of age, on May 23, names signed to this document have 1746, he sailed from Charlestown to been said to be a list of the reputable study abroad. Naturally too, he chose practitioners of the time there.9 Edinburgh as his destination; and so In the South Carolina Gazette of it would appear that both father and Thursday, June 5, 1755, we may read son came within the sphere of influ­ that “on Monday, the 2nd instant, met ence of the great Alexander Monro, at Mr. Gordon’s, the Faculty of Phys- who, having returned to Edinburgh in ick, (Doct. John Moultrie, President)’’ 1719 after studying in London and on which occasion were passed resolu­ Paris and with Boerhaave in Leyden, tions “for the better Support of the had begun in 1720 his lectures in anat­ Dignity, the Privileges, and Emolu­ omy and surgery in the newly estab­ ments of their humane Art.” lished university where he was to con­ The account of his life given by tinue for nearly forty years.10 Holding Thacher brings before us certain fea­ one of the two professorships estab­ tures not only of the character of the lished to initiate a course in medicine elder Dr. Moultrie but of the thought within the University of Edinburgh, of his times. Monro made his lectures widely com­ prehensive. Beginning each year with He . . . for forty years stood at the the history of anatomy, he proceeded to head of his profession in that city. He possessed great talents for observation, osteology, normal and pathological; and was wonderfully successful in dis­ muscles, nerves, and vessels, including covering the hidden causes of diseases their pathology; comparative anatomy and adopting remedies for their removal. with demonstrations; surgery and His death was regretted as a great pub­ bandaging; and general lectures on lic calamity. Several of the ladies of physiology. “Young anatomists’ imagi­ Charlestown bedewed his grave with tears, nation,” he said, “cannot follow a long and went into mourning on the occasion. chain of descriptions, especially when The year after his decease was distin­ they are not taught at the same time guished by the deaths of several women in childbirth. While he lived, they thought the use which the described parts themselves secure of the best assistance serve.”11 in the power of man or of art, in case of Our sympathy -with his appreciation extremity. In losing him, they lost their of his students’ difficulties is quickened hopes. Depressing fears sunk their spirits, when we reflect that they were then listening to lectures given in Latin. in the advancement of this subject in Not until 1757, by Cullen in Glasgow, the colony. were they given in the vernacular. The In the year 1749, the signature of

enthusiasm with which Monro’s stu­ the younger John Moultrie appears in dents regarded him is attested by the the Graduation Book of the University increase in their numbers from 57 in of Edinburgh.12 The title page of his 1720 to 182 in 1749—a span of years thesis may be translated: covering almost if not quite exactly the An inaugural medical dissertation concern­ interval between the graduation of the ing the bilious malignant fever of America elder and the younger John Moultrie. which, with the approval of the most gracious Ramsay6 has stated that “the improve­ God, John Moultrie, of the province of ments in surgery made by Monro and South Carolina, Author and Respondent, presents for the examination of the learned others, have all been transplanted into doctors, on the 10th day of March at the ac­ Carolina.” The Moultries, father and customed time and place, in conformity with son, no doubt played energetic parts the decision of the very venerable I). William Wishart, Doctor of Holy Theology, president The subject was well chosen for its of the University of Edinburgh, and also with interest then and afterwards. During the general consent of the noble council of the University, and with the decision of the the seventeen years of his life, when most renowned faculty of medicine; for the John Moultrie left Charles Towne for degree of doctor with the highest honors and Edinburgh in 1746, he had survived privileges in medicine following rightly and three epidemics of yellow fever in the legitimately. seaport where his father practiced. At Athropy and a strange multitude of fevers many points of contact along the At­ settled on the land after the fire in the celes­ lantic coast and Gulf, in the West In­ tial home was secretly taken away. dies, Africa, and southern Europe Poetry of Horace. Book 1, Ode 3. epidemics occurred and were to recur From the workshop of Robert Flaminus, 1749. for many years. The disease has been A second edition of this thesis is also described as “the Terror of the in the possession of the University of South’’14 throughout the eighteenth Edinburgh, edited by E. G. Boldenger, and nineteenth centuries. In 1855 ^a- professor of the theory of medicine at Roche15 wrote in Philadelphia: “Its Jena, and published at Longosalissae appearance, during the last few years, in 1768. The preface is quoted: in localities where it had never existed, and in spots where it was thought it Having read this little volume, I hesi­ tate to prepare a ninth edition of it, al­ cotdd never reach . . . imparted to though considering this terrible disease everything connected with the subject . . . to merit attention. The nature of a degree of interest which it had in it was described with thorough care by some measure lost”—words which the excellent author, the usual symptoms could be written and reflected upon having been observed and all remarkable today, in view of the recent history of features attentively noted, post-mortem yellow fever in South America and the findings studied and corroborated by those public health problem presented to us of learning. ... Of this fever, which is called yellow fever by the English, no by modern transportation methods. one has set forth so accurate a descrip­ Bancroft,15 delivering the Gulston- tion as the most noble Moultrie, who is ian lectures in 1806-1807, refers to easily to be preferred among all (authors). Moultrie’s work as follows: Therefore I have full confidence that it Dr. Moultrie, of Charleston, in South will be acceptable to the physician if I Carolina, in his valuable “Inaugural dis­ publish this thesis again.12 sertation,” printed in 1749, mentions it Other editions of Moultrie’s thesis as having been there observed, the hotter appeared in French and in German in the temperature of the sky, the more 1805.13 That no edition of Moultrie’s violent the advance of the malignant bili­ work was published in America is ap­ ous fever. . . . I11 the year 1748, this fever parent from Ramsay’s3 statement broke out around the middle of the month of August . . . the mercury in the Fahren­ (1858) that Dr. Lining, in 1753, pub­ heit thermometer reached in the shade to lished an accurate history of the yellow 97, and 971/2 and 98, and the heat con­ fever, which was the first that had been tinued with many thunder showers for a given to the public from the American long time; immediately the temperature continent. The title of Moultrie’s of the sky having turned cooler, it be­ thesis is given by Ramsay and by came mild, and it changed into an inter­ Thacher as “De Febre Flava.” mittent fever. . . . The month of June having departed, in the year 1732, when writings of Lining, Moultrie, Mitchell, no breeze relieved the hot summer and other of our early physicians show through some seven days, this fever was that anatomical researches were not so deadly that it was fatal to many at the overlooked by them.” Unfortunately end of the second or third day. . . . their autopsy findings are not set forth Moultrie observes . . . that though most by LaRoche but these early physicians people thought the fever contagious, he had seen many persons who maintained are referred to as advocates of the a close and daily intercourse with the theory “of the yellow fever being the sick, and did not get the disease, if they result of the introduction into the avoided violent exercise, and exposure to blood of a morbid poison.” external injuries. He says that the North When the young physician returned Americans pretend they derive the disease to his native province in 1749, after his from the West Indies, but that the West graduation at the age of twenty-one, Indians say it is not indigenous there. he was one of a relatively small group He thinks, however, that sufficient causes of Americans distinguished by such a exist among both; with and among these record of scholarship. Thacher de­ causes he includes marsh effluvia, violent scribes him as “eminent in literature exercise, drinking to excess of ardent spirits, &:c. He says, the epidemic of 1745 and medical science." According to manifestly began from the latter cause, Ramsay, "the eighteenth century was in a sailor, and not from any imported more than half elapsed before any na­ contagion. tive American had established himself in South Carolina as a practitioner of LaRoche, in his comprehensive work on yellow fever published in physic." This statement would indi­ 1855, quotes Moultrie frequently and cate that John Moultrie did not begin refers in detail to his observations. He practice until after 1750, and that Wil­ includes in his list of synonyms “the liam Bull, who was graduated from febris maligna biliosa Americana flava Leyden in 1734 and returned to of Moultrie.” Among the interesting Charles Towne, did not pursue actively points on which he cites Moultrie as the practice of medicine. an authoritative observer are the delay The same historian, although com­ in coagulation of the blood; the fre­ menting that “anterior to the Revolu­ quent occurrence of epistaxis; the pain tion nothing short of an European edu­ in the head, “an early and constant cation was deemed sufficient to attach symptom”; the bloodshot appearance the confidence of the public to any of the eyes. He cites him too on the medical practitioner,” stated that three subject of the stage of remission “dwelt attempts to regulate the admission of upon by every writer on the yellow candidates for practicing medicine in fever of America from the days of Carolina had failed. According to Moultrie to our own”; the appearance Sigerist,10 of the ten practitioners in of jaundice “rarely before the third Boston in 1721, only one had a doctor’s day, more generally on that or the degree; and of about 3500 in the fourth”; and the favorable trend in colonies at the outbreak of the Revolu­ prognosis when the patient survives be­ tion not more than 400 were doctors of yond the seventh day of illness. medicine. In the dedication of John With reference to the pathology of Quincy’s Medical Dictionary, first pub­ yellow fever, LaRoche states, “The lished in London 1719, a similar lack of legislative safeguard is revealed in Solomon’s Lodge of Freemasons and England; for he speaks of in 1754 of the Provincial Lodge. In . . . hope for the Recovery of the due 1756 he was justice of the peace, and in 1760 was elected representative of St. James, Goose Creek, in the General Assembly of the province. As a major of militia he accompanied the expedi­ tion headed by Lieutenant-Colonel James Grant against the Cherokees in 1761. During these years he acquired land and slaves as well as other property. The will of Mrs. Sarah Middleton, of St. James, Goose Creek, proved before the Honorable William Bull, Lieuten­ ant-Governor of South Carolina, Octo­ ber 1, 1765, gave “friend, John Moul­ trie, Jr., 500 pounds currency, and his daughter Sarah a like sum.”17 This lady was the mother, by her first mar­ riage to Landgrave Joseph Morton, of the first husband of John Moultrie’s first wife—a relationship which is in itself a comment upon the short ex­ pectancy of life in those days. Moul­ trie’s election from St. James Parish shows that he owned property there before 1760, and his evident interest and experience in agriculture when he removed to Florida indicate that he had been a planter for some years in South Carolina. Notice of the sale of the land of John Parker in the South Carolina Gazette of May 30, 1771, Respects and advantages to a Profession, shows that this tract, sixteen miles from which at present lies unhappily open to Charles Town, sixteen from the village any Pretentions . . . the Physician, who of Dorchester, and about two from the has been regularly educated, and given river, joined the lands of Major John reasonable and legal Tests of Qualifica­ Moultrie. tion, has his way to make through a vast As a native of colonial territory still Superiority, who have no other support a pawn in the game of diplomacy being but consummate Assurance, and all the played by the nations of Europe, Arts of Imposture. Moultrie was to have the scene of his Although John Moultrie is said to life shifted by their political moves. In have practiced in South Carolina until 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, defining 1767, the records of his life in Charles the boundaries of English, French, and Towne are of activities other than medi­ Spanish possessions in America, Flor­ cal. In 1753 he was junior warden of ida became an English province. When in the autumn of 1764 the government pounds per acre” having been culti­ of East Florida was formed, Grant as vated. and said that he and his neigh­ Royal Governor appointed John and bor Mr. Oswald were the only persons James Moultrie members of his coun­ who raised rice on that kind of swamp. cil. James was also appointed chief jus­ The period of Moultrie’s life in tice and John later became president Florida saw the transition of the col­ of the council. The South Carolina ony from a practically untilled wilder­ Gazette of October 8, 1764, carried the ness, with two towns left empty by the following item: departing Spaniards and mere trails “From St. Augustine we learn that lor roads, to a thriving colony able to the civil government of that colony supply its needs and to export lumber will soon be formed; that new settlers and turpentine, rice, indigo, oranges, arrive fast from all parts. . . .” The coffee, and other products, with a popu­ first land boom in the history of Flor­ lation swelled to about 17,000 by in­ ida was under way. John Moultrie lost flux of loyalists from Georgia and the no time in taking up land grants Carolinas, their numbers including for himself and for the children of his brilliant and prominent men.19 During brother James, who died on August 6, the years 1771 to 1774, following 1765. Among his tracts, totalling more Grant’s resignation, Moultrie as lieu­ than 14,000 acres, was “Bella Vista,” tenant-governor was chief executive. his estate four miles south of St. Au­ He continued Grant’s road-building gustine, where he built a stone man­ program, located new roads, built a sion for his home, laid out a park and State House, remodeled the Spanish garden, and planted fruit trees. bishop’s house for offices, and completed Moultrie now witnessed and actively St. Peter’s church. With the effect of participated in the development of the Revolution upon exchange of sup­ Florida during two decades in which plies with other colonies, he induced his her progress, agricultural and com­ fellow-planters to raise more provisions. mercial, far exceeded that during the Meanwhile his political life was one preceding Spanish occupation lasting of constant friction with the opposing two centuries or the Spanish rule suc­ political faction headed by two influ­ ceeding the British for forty years. In ential members of his council—the what has been termed “the first Ameri­ wealthy and visionary Dr. Andrew can strike,”18 the soldiers of Menendez, Turnbull, colonizer of the settlement at faced by food shortage, typified the New Smyrna in Florida, and his ally Spanish attitude toward agriculture by William Drayton who had succeeded announcing that “they had not come James Moidtrie as chief justice. All hav­ to plow or plant.” Not so their suc­ ing in common their loyalist convic­ cessors. Within a few years after the tions, Turnbull and Moultrie having English came in, sugar and indigo were also similar educational and professional produced in profitable quantities and as well as cultural backgrounds, they re­ Moultrie was experimenting with rice mained ever at variance and became on one of his plantations below what openly antagonistic. Drayton, sus­ is now Moultrie Creek. Years later he pended by Moidtrie from his position testified to the extent and value of a on the council for “Obstructing public “fresh water marsh, cleared, dammed business” was reinstated through in­ in, and fit for planting” referring to fluence in England, and Governor this as “a Rice Swamp worth about 4 Tonyn was sent to take over the func­ tion of chief executive. Of purely mili­ and has been accorded the blame for tary training and domineering tempera­ the final dissolution of Dr. Turnbull’s ment, he was soon in bitter strife with New Smyrna settlement, although its

the highly independent individuals who heterogeneous make-up and the inherent were already prepared to oppose him, flaws in its launching certainly played their part in its failure. Undoubtedly stationed there. A verbose letter-writer, sincere in their opposing views in coun­ in 1775 he Avrote former Governor cil meetings, Moultrie and Turnbull Grant, by noAv in Boston, news and had probably a basis for personal an­ gossip of interest to both. That St. tagonism in conflicting political ambi­ Augustine had a strike at the fort ap­ tions. Influential in London, Turnbull pears. 1 he stone mason would not get Avas suggested by Lord Hillsborough to to Avork, nor others, unless assured of succeed Grant as governor, to Avhich their pay. Grant replied: “He is not to be thought Humbert, the carpenter, asked me, of. Dr. Turnbull, obliged to constant [Avrote Mulcaster] if you were coming residence at NeAV Smyrna, could not back. I told him you had intentions, but Avith propriety think of entering into there Avas so much disturbance in the the Administration—and of course as nortliAvard I did not expect you. He re­ things are circumstanced Avill not inter­ plied it Avas great pity as the tradesmen fere Avith Mr. Moultrie.” John Moultrie Avould be disappointed. . . . But, for this Avas urged for the position by Grant Avho man (Tonyn) he will absolutely ruin the added, “If he does not succeed to the province. He pays no one either for pub­ administration Ave shall certainly lose lick or private Avork. him.” Difficult as it is to discern motives Your furniture is in the same state,— nor do I see any prospect of its being set­ even Avithout the lapse of time, the tled. His Excellency gave a dinner yester­ rivalry here suggested is in accordance day to the 14th officers and some others. Avith the latvs of human nature in any It is the only one he has given since the century. one he gave John Stuart (Secretary for Moultrie’s good account of the Netv Indian Affairs) on his arrival, and for this Smyrna settlement to Lord Dartmouth, purpose he borrowed from Moultrie his hoAvever, as Avell as his attempt to have cook, Ned, and the mulatto woman, Hes­ the guard there strengthened for pro­ ter. ... A very severe copy of verses ap­ tection against Indians, clear him of im­ peared at Payne’s Corner lately about him plications as to official prejudice; Avhile and his lady and their flogging the ne­ Turnbull himself exonerates him Avhen groes, etc.18 in the course of his angry correspond­ But the scene of Moultrie’s life Avas ence with Tonyn he writes: “Weigh to be shifted again. As the residt of a me, Sir, in the Balance against your boundary dispute, the outcome of a Informers, and you will find them Men secret treaty betAveen France and Spain of Little Property, Credit, or Conse- made but not revealed before the Treaty cjuence, I cannot have any Enemies but of Paris, England ceded Florida to Spain such as come under this description”;20 in 1783, and all her subjects were forced although later, embittered by his losses to leave or abjure their Protestant faith. in the settlement, he refers to “Tonyn In the exodus Avhich followed, homes or his mean ProAvler Lieutenant-Gover­ and fortunes were lost, friends and nor Moultrie.” families separated, and the development It may Avell be that Moultrie Avas in so ambitiously begun sank back into the difficult position of being second in Avilderness. Soon after they had left, official rank to one his inferior socially. the beautiful home of Lieutenant-Gov­ Serious accusations Avere made against ernor Moultrie Avas destroyed by raid­ Tonyn, unofficially, by officers of the ing Indians.21 fort. Captain Frederick George Mol­ John Moultrie shipped his slaves to easter, brother to King George hi, Avas the Bahamas, sold his livestock and ef­ fects, and in July 1784 sailed with his Moultrie had four sons, John, heir to family for England, where, until such Aston Hall, James, George, and time as he established his claim to a Thomas, and two daughters. The second portion of the sum lost to him as the son, James, was graduated in medicine result of the cession of the province to at Edinburgh and returned to Charles Spain, he was dependent upon his wife’s Towne, the city of his birth, married in annuity of 500 pounds.22 How unwel­ 1790 Katherine Moultrie, only child of come this may have been to him we his father’s half-brother, Alexander, and can only surmise in view of the history lived and practiced there for many of his second marriage. years. Three of his descendants have had The first marriage of John Moultrie a share in the history of medicine in was to Dorothy Dry Morton, widow of South Carolina. His eldest son, Janies, John Morton. The South Carolina who was graduated in medicine in Phila­ Gazette of April 30, 1753, records his delphia in 1812, was active for several marriage to her: “A very agreeable years before its establishment in pro­ young Widow, with a large Fortune, moting the organization of the Medical ■which is not reckoned her most consid­ College of the State of South Carolina erable accomplishment.” By this mar­ and some years later was professor of riage he had one daughter, Sarah. physiology and dean. His third son was His second marriage was on January Dr. William Lennox Moultrie, whose 5, 1762, to Eleanor Austin, only daugh­ grandson, Dr. J. Austin Ball, is now liv­ ter of Captain George Austin, r.n., and ing in Charleston. Ann Ball. In an old diary of Lydia Of the two daughters of John and Child is recorded: “January 5th, 1762, Eleanor Moultrie, Lucretia married Mrs. Eleanor Austin ran away with Mr. Charles Roger Kelsall, and the young­ John Moultrie and was married.” Tradi­ est, Cecilia, married Admiral Bligh, tion says that her father was opposed. of “Mutiny on the Bounty” fame. He was a merchant in Charles Town In 1787, the former lieutenant-gov­ but returned to live on his estate, Aston ernor was awarded £4479 11s of his Hall in Shropshire. After a lapse of claim of £9432 for losses sustained in years, the Honorable Henry Laurens the cession of his lands and property while on a visit to England took a por­ in East Florida to Spain.23 He lived in trait of Eleanor Moultrie with her two London, where the Gentleman’s Maga­ sons John and James to Aston Hall, zine24 records his death in 1798: “Obitu­ and in the absence of her father hung ary of Remarkable Persons.” “At his it in the dining room. Captain Austin, house in Great Portland-Street, John at first incensed on finding it there, Moultrie, esq.” finally was reconciled with his daugh­ He is buried at Shifnal in Shrop­ ter through Mr. Laurens. He be­ shire, where on the West Wall of the queathed Aston Hall to his eldest grand­ South Transept in Shifnal Parish son, John Moidtrie (1764-1823) who Church is the following inscription:25

married the daughter of Elias Ball, SACRED to the MEMORY of formerly of Wambaw Plantation, South JOHN MOULTRIE, ESQ. M.D. Carolina, later of Bristol, England. The Lieut. Governor of His Majesty’s late Prov­ last surviving male descendant of this ince of East Florida, who died March 19th branch was killed in the storming of 1798 aged 70 years Lucknow in 1857. Also of ELEANOR John Moultrie and Eleanor Austin relict of the above named, John Moultrie, Esq. m.d. and only daughter of George Aus­ or Royal Fusilecrs, and youngest son of John tin of Aston Hall, Esq. who died on the 14th and Eleanor Moultrie, who died at Elvas on of February 1826 in the 88th year of her age. the 10th of June 1811 in the 26th year of his age of the wounds he received at the battle In Memory also of of Albuera, 16th of May 1811. thomas moultrie, Esq. Captain in the 7th

References 1. Quincy, J. Lexicon Physico-Medicum: to John Moultrie, who practices medicine in or, A New Medicinal Dictionary. Ed. 6. Charlestowne in the Province of South Caro­ London, Printed for T. Longman, at lina, a noble father and protector above re­ proach, governed by the most elevated prin­ the Ship in Pater-Noster-Row, 1743. ciples of his mercifully disposed profession, 2. Packard, F. R. History of Medicine in with magnanimity devoid of self-esteem, under the United States. New York, Hoeber, whose authority John Moultrie, nurtured by 1931, p. 23. his kindness, imbibes the highest principles of 3. Waite, F. C. Medical Degrees conferred his profession. in the American Colonies and in the 13. LaRoche. R. Yellow Fever, considered in United States in the 18th Century. its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, Ann. M. Hist., N.S., 9:314, 1937. and Therapeutical Relations. Phila., 4. Packard, F. R. An American Physician’s Blanchard and Lea, 1855. War Book about the Revolution. Ann. 14. Ravenel, M. P. Preliminary Note. A M. Hist., N.S., 2:442, 1930. Half Century of Public Health. Am. 5. Thacher, J. American Medical Biogra­ phy. Boston, Richardson 8c Lord and Pub. Health A., 1921. Cotton 8: Barnard, 1828. 15. Bancroft, E. N. An Essay on the Disease 6. Ramsay, D. History of South Carolina. called Yellow Fever. London, Printed Newberry, S. C., Duffie, 1858, 2:63. for T. Cadell and W. Davies, Strand, 7. So. Carolina Hist, & Gen. Mag., 5:229, 1811, pp. 215, 353. 1904. The name is found also as Mou- 16. Sigerist, H. E. American Medicine. New tray, Mowtray, Moultriere, and Moul- York, Norton, 1934, p. 40. trays. Catherine Moultrie inherited the 17. Gov. Joseph Morton and his Descendants. estate from her father, Capt. John So. Carolina Hist, & Gen. Mag., 5:111, Moultrie, who succeeded to the title in 1904. 1766 and died in 1800 leaving no sons. 18. Restoration Issue. St. Augustine Record, 8. Hoch, J. H. Bibliography of S. C. Doc­ July 4> *937- tors, 1669-1800. Files of the Library of 19. Barrs, B. East Florida in the American the Medical College of the State of S. C. Revolution. Jacksonville, Fla., Guild g. Waring, J. I. Medicine in Charlestown Press, 1932. 1750-1775. Ann. M. Hist., N.S., 7:1775, 20. Doggett, C. Dr. Andrew Turnbull and >935- the New Smyrna Colony of Florida. 10. Garrison, F. H. An Introduction to the The Drew Press, 1919. History of Medicine. Phila., Saunders, 2 1. Brevard, C. M. A History of Florida from 19*7’ P- 324- the Treaty of 1763 to Our Own Times. 11. Simon, S. W. The Influence of the Three Monros on the Practice of Medicine Publication of the Florida State Hist. and Surgery. Ann. M. Hist., 9:244, Soc., De Land, Fla., 1924, No. 4. 1927. 22. Dictionary of American Biography—Vol. 12. Letter from Mr. L. W. Sharp, Librarian. 13. New York, Scribner’s, 1934. The Library of the University of Edin­ 23. Siebert, W. H. Loyalists in East Florida, burgh, Sept. 3, 1937. The Thesis is 1774-1785. Vol. 2:57. De Land: Florida dedicated to Sir Alexander Wisbet, State Historical Society, 1929. Dean; Andrew Sinclair, Professor of 24. Gentleman’s Magazine, 1798, p. 264. Medicine at Edinburgh; and John 25. Letter from the Rev. John H. Hall, Rec­ Moultrie his father, relative to whom tor of Shifnal Parish Church, 1937 are the following lines: (Oct. 19).