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Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border
Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Other Books of Interest from Multilingual Matters Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education Jasone Cenoz and Fred Genesee (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt (eds) Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Housen and Li wei (eds) Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Joshua Fishman (ed.) Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Timothy Pooley Community and Communication Sue Wright A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Philip Herdina and Ulrike Jessner Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones Identity, Insecurity and Image: France and Language Dennis Ager Language, Culture and Communication in Contemporary Europe Charlotte Hoffman (ed.) Language and Society in a Changing Italy Arturo Tosi Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and Sweden Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Robert B. Kaplan (eds) Language Planning: From Practice to Theory Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Reclamation Hubisi Nwenmely Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham (eds) Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy Dennis Ager Multilingualism in Spain M. Teresa Turell (ed.) The Other Languages of Europe Guus Extra and Durk Gorter (eds) A Reader in French Sociolinguistics Malcolm Offord (ed.) Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto • Sydney Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Language Contact at Romance-Germanic Language Border/Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns. -
A Short History of Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg
A Short History of Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg Foreword ............................................................................2 Chapter 1. The Low Countries until A.D.200 : Celts, Batavians, Frisians, Romans, Franks. ........................................3 Chapter 2. The Empire of the Franks. ........................................5 Chapter 3. The Feudal Period (10th to 14th Centuries): The Flanders Cloth Industry. .......................................................7 Chapter 4. The Burgundian Period (1384-1477): Belgium’s “Golden Age”......................................................................9 Chapter 5. The Habsburgs: The Empire of Charles V: The Reformation: Calvinism..........................................10 Chapter 6. The Rise of the Dutch Republic................................12 Chapter 7. Holland’s “Golden Age” ..........................................15 Chapter 8. A Period of Wars: 1650 to 1713. .............................17 Chapter 9. The 18th Century. ..................................................20 Chapter 10. The Napoleonic Interlude: The Union of Holland and Belgium. ..............................................................22 Chapter 11. Belgium Becomes Independent ...............................24 Chapter 13. Foreign Affairs 1839-19 .........................................29 Chapter 14. Between the Two World Wars. ................................31 Chapter 15. The Second World War...........................................33 Chapter 16. Since the Second World War: European Co-operation: -
Phonetic Vowel Training for Child Second Language Learners: the Role of Input Variability and Training Task
Phonetic vowel training for child second language learners: the role of input variability and training task Gwen Brekelmans A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Language & Cognition Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London 2020 1 Declaration I, Gwen Brekelmans confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, thank you so much to Liz Wonnacott for being an amazing supervisor. Thank you for your help with pretty much anything, for all your hard work, and your statistical knowledge; I’ve learnt so much over the past four years. Thanks also for littering my writing drafts with helpful comments and restructuring suggestions, which have made this thesis a lot easier to follow. Any remaining structural randomness is entirely my own, and any typos have earned their right to be printed by managing to slip under the radar. Many thanks as well to Bronwen Evans for being a fantastic second supervisor: thank you for all your phonetic wisdom, helpful advice, inspiration, and incredible kindness. I’m eternally grateful to all the participants, adults and children alike, with extra thanks to the clever and wonderful children for all the hair I braided, laces I tied, stickers I got to hand out, and stories I was told, making testing anything but boring. Particular thanks also to all the teachers and head teachers at the schools I tested at, who let me wreak havoc on their schedule by taking children out of class in between sports days, Roman History projects, and play performances of Matilda. -
Dutch. a Linguistic History of Holland and Belgium
Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium Bruce Donaldson bron Bruce Donaldson, Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium. Uitgeverij Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 1983 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dona001dutc02_01/colofon.php © 2013 dbnl / Bruce Donaldson II To my mother Bruce Donaldson, Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium VII Preface There has long been a need for a book in English about the Dutch language that presents important, interesting information in a form accessible even to those who know no Dutch and have no immediate intention of learning it. The need for such a book became all the more obvious to me, when, once employed in a position that entailed the dissemination of Dutch language and culture in an Anglo-Saxon society, I was continually amazed by the ignorance that prevails with regard to the Dutch language, even among colleagues involved in the teaching of other European languages. How often does one hear that Dutch is a dialect of German, or that Flemish and Dutch are closely related (but presumably separate) languages? To my knowledge there has never been a book in English that sets out to clarify such matters and to present other relevant issues to the general and studying public.1. Holland's contributions to European and world history, to art, to shipbuilding, hydraulic engineering, bulb growing and cheese manufacture for example, are all aspects of Dutch culture which have attracted the interest of other nations, and consequently there are numerous books in English and other languages on these subjects. But the language of the people that achieved so much in all those fields has been almost completely neglected by other nations, and to a degree even by the Dutch themselves who have long been admired for their polyglot talents but whose lack of interest in their own language seems never to have disturbed them. -
Afrikaans and Dutch As Closely-Related Languages: a Comparison to West Germanic Languages and Dutch Dialects
Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, Vol. 47, 2015, 1-18 doi: 10.5842/47-0-649 Afrikaans and Dutch as closely-related languages: A comparison to West Germanic languages and Dutch dialects Wilbert Heeringa Institut für Germanistik, Fakultät III – Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany Email: [email protected] Febe de Wet Human Language Technology Research Group, CSIR Meraka Institute, Pretoria, South Africa | Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Email: [email protected] Gerhard B. van Huyssteen Centre for Text Technology (CTexT), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Email: [email protected] Abstract Following Den Besten‟s (2009) desiderata for historical linguistics of Afrikaans, this article aims to contribute some modern evidence to the debate regarding the founding dialects of Afrikaans. From an applied perspective (i.e. human language technology), we aim to determine which West Germanic language(s) and/or dialect(s) would be best suited for the purposes of recycling speech resources for the benefit of developing speech technologies for Afrikaans. Being recognised as a West Germanic language, Afrikaans is first compared to Standard Dutch, Standard Frisian and Standard German. Pronunciation distances are measured by means of Levenshtein distances. Afrikaans is found to be closest to Standard Dutch. Secondly, Afrikaans is compared to 361 Dutch dialectal varieties in the Netherlands and North-Belgium, using material from the Reeks Nederlandse Dialectatlassen, a series of dialect atlases compiled by Blancquaert and Pée in the period 1925-1982 which cover the Dutch dialect area. Afrikaans is found to be closest to the South-Holland dialectal variety of Zoetermeer; this largely agrees with the findings of Kloeke (1950). -
Language Distinctiveness*
RAI – data on language distinctiveness RAI data Language distinctiveness* Country profiles *This document provides data production information for the RAI-Rokkan dataset. Last edited on October 7, 2020 Compiled by Gary Marks with research assistance by Noah Dasanaike Citation: Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks (2016). Community, Scale and Regional Governance: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance, Vol. II. Oxford: OUP. Sarah Shair-Rosenfield, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Sandra Chapman-Osterkatz (2021). “Language difference and Regional Authority.” Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 31. DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2020.1831476 Introduction ....................................................................................................................6 Albania ............................................................................................................................7 Argentina ...................................................................................................................... 10 Australia ....................................................................................................................... 12 Austria .......................................................................................................................... 14 Bahamas ....................................................................................................................... 16 Bangladesh .................................................................................................................. -
Lectures on the Science of Language Delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in April, May, and June, 1861
Lectures on The Science of Language Delivered At The Royal Institution of Great Britain In April, May, and June, 1861. By Max Müller, M. A. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; Correspondence Member of the Imperial Institute of France. From the Second London Edition, Revised. New York: Charles Scribner, 124 Grand Street. 1862 Contents Dedication . .2 Preface. .3 Lecture I. The Science Of Language One Of The Physical Sciences. .4 Lecture II. The Growth Of Language In Contradistinction To The History Of Language. 26 Lecture III. The Empirical Stage. 67 Lecture IV. The Classificatory Stage. 91 Lecture V. Genealogical Classification Of Languages. 136 Lecture VI. Comparative Grammar. 177 Lecture VII. The Constituent Elements Of Language. 208 Lecture VIII. Morphological Classification. 229 Lecture IX. The Theoretical Stage, And The Origin Of Language. 287 Appendix. 329 Index. 335 Footnotes . 387 [v] Dedication Dedicated To The Members Of The University Of Oxford, Both Resident And Non-Resident, To Whom I Am Indebted For Numerous Proofs Of Sympathy And Kindness During The Last Twelve Years, In Grateful Acknowledgment Of Their Generous Support On The 7th Of December, 1860. [vii] Preface. My Lectures on the Science of Language are here printed as I had prepared them in manuscript for the Royal Institution. When I came to deliver them, a considerable portion of what I had written had to be omitted; and, in now placing them before the public in a more complete form, I have gladly complied with a wish expressed by many of my hearers. As they are, they only form a short abstract of several Courses delivered from time to time in Oxford, and they do not pretend to be more than an introduction to a science far too comprehensive to be treated successfully in so small a compass. -
Apperception and Linguistic Contact Between German and Afrikaans By
Apperception and Linguistic Contact between German and Afrikaans By Jeremy Bergerson A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in German in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Irmengard Rauch, Co-Chair Professor Thomas Shannon, Co-Chair Professor John Lindow Assistant Professor Jeroen Dewulf Spring 2011 1 Abstract Apperception and Linguistic Contact between German and Afrikaans by Jeremy Bergerson Doctor of Philosophy in German University of California, Berkeley Proffs. Irmengard Rauch & Thomas Shannon, Co-Chairs Speakers of German and Afrikaans have been interacting with one another in Southern Africa for over three hundred and fifty years. In this study, the linguistic results of this intra- Germanic contact are addressed and divided into two sections: 1) the influence of German (both Low and High German) on Cape Dutch/Afrikaans in the years 1652–1810; and 2) the influence of Afrikaans on Namibian German in the years 1840–present. The focus here has been on the lexicon, since lexemes are the first items to be borrowed in contact situations, though other grammatical borrowings come under scrutiny as well. The guiding principle of this line of inquiry is how the cognitive phenonemon of Herbartian apperception, or, Peircean abduction, has driven the bulk of the borrowings between the languages. Apperception is, simply put, the act of identifying a new perception as analogous to a previously existing one. The following central example to this dissertation will serve to illustrate this. When Dutch, Low German, and Malay speakers were all in contact in Capetown in the 1600 and 1700s, there were three mostly homophonous and synonymous words they were using. -
The History of the Franconian Tone Contrast by Paul Boersma; Identical to Published Version, November 2017*
The history of the Franconian tone contrast by Paul Boersma; identical to published version, November 2017* Abstract. The aim of this paper is to show that a sequence of typologically not unusual sound changes has led to three conspicuous properties of the dialects in a large connected area of Low and Central Franconian. First, these dialects have a binary contrast between acute and circumflex tones. Second, the majority of these dialects (“group A”) show length reversal, in the sense that originally short non- high vowels have become longer than the corresponding originally long vowels. Third, the remaining dialects (“group B”) show tone reversal, in the sense that where group A retains the original acutes, group B has circumflexes, and the reverse (at least in declarative intonation). This paper proposes a history consisting of a series of synchronic states connected by speakers’ gradual phonetic shifts and listeners’ discrete phonological reinterpretations. Each of the proposed elements is shown to have parallels elsewhere: the retraction of stress to the first mora, the lengthening of vowels in open syllables with retention of the linkage between syllables and tones, the inaudibility of tone on voiceless consonants, the drop of final schwa, the pronunciation of final voiced obstruents, the audibility of tone on voiced consonants, the devoicing of final obstruents, degemination, schwa insertion, and the effects of a markedness constraint that correlates tones and duration. 1. The tone contrast as a focus alignment contrast In continental West-Germanic, a contiguous group of Low Franconian dialects (Limburgian or “Southern Low Franconian”) and Central Franconian dialects (Ripuaric and Moselle Franconian) exhibit a binary lexical tone contrast on long vowels and diphthongs, which interacts with the intonation contour of the sentence. -
Report .R.E S U M E S
REPORT .R.E S U M E S ED 011 120 AL 000 219 SELECTED TITLES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS,AN INTERIM BIBLIOGRAPHY . OF WORKS ON MULTILINGUALISM,LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION, AND LANGUAGES OF WIDER COMMUNICATION. BY- PIETRZYK, ALFRED AND OTHERS CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS,WASHINGTON, D.C. PUB DATE MAY 67 EDRS PRICEMF-$9.36 HC-$9.04 226P. DESCRIPTORS- *SOCIOLINGUISTICS,*BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION,MULTILINGUALISM, PIDGINS, SOCIOLINGUISTICS, ETHNICGROUPS, SOCIOLOGY, 'LINGUISTICS',.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY INCLUDES APRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY WHICH WAS COMPILED FOR ASOCIOLINGUISTICS-SEMINAR HELD AT THE LINGUISTIC INSTITUTE, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA,IN THE SUMMER OF 1964 AND AN ADDENDUM ADDED IN MAY1967. THE PRIMARY EMPHASIS IS ON LANGUAGE IN ITS RELATION TOSOCIAL PHENOMENA. THE MAIN AREAS COVERED' ARE' LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY, (2) MULILINGUALISM, (3) LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION,AND (4) LANGUAGE OFIDER COMMUNICATION. ALISTING OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES RELEVANT TO THE FIELD AND GENERAL REFERENCEWORKS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. ABSTRACTS ARE PROVIDEDFOR MOST OF THE ENTRIES. (RS) CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 1717 MASSACHUSETTS AVE., N.W.,WASHINGTON, D.0. O r4 ir4I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& WELFARE O OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS MEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGAMEATION 0116INA1IN6IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENTOFFICIAL OffICElli EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. SELECTED TITLES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS An Interim Bibliography of Workson Multilingual ism, Language Standardization, and -
297 Liubov Ulianitckaia St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University a BRIEF OVERVIEW of MAROLLIEN DIALECT FEATURES
UDC 81’282 Liubov Ulianitckaia St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF MAROLLIEN DIALECT FEATURES For citation: Ulianitckaia L. A brief overview of Marollien dialect features. Scan- dinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 297–309. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2020.205 The article provides an overview of the lexical and grammatical features as well as the sociopolitical environment of Marollien that originated in the 18th century as a dialect on the territory of Brussels. Marollien is essentially the Dutch language in its Brabantian dialect, strongly influenced by French. There are literary works, performances, and musicals written and staged in Marollien, as well as dictionaries and journals published in it. Historically, the Marollien dialect is a sociolect: it was generally used by Belgians coming to Brussels from Wallonia in search of a job and settling in one of the districts of Brussels — Marolles. A special emphasis is placed on lexical features of the dialect: gastronomic and everyday vocabulary are looked at and the examples of French loanwords and Southern Dutch language norm deviations are provided. Standard Dutch calques in French, when translating idioms in particular, are also identified. The differences between Dutch, French, and Marollien place names are illustrated. In the field of morphology and word formation, there is a regular mixture of Germanic and Romanic stems which is indicated. Examples of Marollien phonetic features are also provided. The article acknowledges frequent code switching in Marollien speech, which by and large resembles the phenomenon of linguistic interference. Due to the fact that Marollien is rapidly disappearing, the Brussels-Capital region is trying to support the dialect: various activities are being organized in order to propagate its use and enhance its prestige. -
Landscape Biographies
LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE STUDIES Edited by Jan Kolen, Hans Renes and Rita Hermans Landscape Biographies Geographical, Historical and Archaeological Perspectives on the Production and Transmission of Landscapes Landscape Biographies Landscape and Heritage Studies Landscape and Heritage Studies (LHS) is an English-language series about the history, heritage and transformation of the natural and cultural landscape and the built environment. The series aims at the promotion of new directions as well as the rediscovery and exploration of lost tracks in landscape and heritage research. Both theoretically oriented approaches and detailed empirical studies play an important part in the realization of this objective. The series explicitly focuses on: – the interactions between physical and material aspects of landscapes and landscape experiences, meanings and representations; – perspectives on the temporality and dynamic of landscape that go beyond traditional concepts of time, dating and chronology; – the urban-rural nexus in the context of historical and present-day transformations of the landscape and the built environment; – multidisciplinary, integrative and comparative approaches from geography, spatial, social and natural sciences, history, archaeology and cultural sciences in order to understand the development of human-nature interactions through time and to study the natural, cultural and social values of places and landscapes; – the conceptualization and musealization of landscape as heritage and the role of ‘heritagescapes’ in the construction and reproduction of memories and identities; – the role of heritage practices in the transmission, design and transformation of (hidden) landscapes and the built environment, both past and present; – the appropriation of and engagement with sites, places, destinations, landscapes, monuments and buildings, and their representation and meaning in distinct cultural contexts.