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Copyright by John Michael Meyer 2020
Copyright by John Michael Meyer 2020 The Dissertation Committee for John Michael Meyer Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Dissertation. One Way to Live: Orde Wingate and the Adoption of ‘Special Forces’ Tactics and Strategies (1903-1944) Committee: Ami Pedahzur, Supervisor Zoltan D. Barany David M. Buss William Roger Louis Thomas G. Palaima Paul B. Woodruff One Way to Live: Orde Wingate and the Adoption of ‘Special Forces’ Tactics and Strategies (1903-1944) by John Michael Meyer Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2020 Dedication To Ami Pedahzur and Wm. Roger Louis who guided me on this endeavor from start to finish and To Lorna Paterson Wingate Smith. Acknowledgements Ami Pedahzur and Wm. Roger Louis have helped me immeasurably throughout my time at the University of Texas, and I wish that everyone could benefit from teachers so rigorous and open minded. I will never forget the compassion and strength that they demonstrated over the course of this project. Zoltan Barany developed my skills as a teacher, and provided a thoughtful reading of my first peer-reviewed article. David M. Buss kept an open mind when I approached him about this interdisciplinary project, and has remained a model of patience while I worked towards its completion. My work with Tom Palaima and Paul Woodruff began with collaboration, and then moved to friendship. Inevitably, I became their student, though they had been teaching me all along. -
TITLE the Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: Proble
https://research.stmarys.ac.uk/ TITLE The implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of conquest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917–1936) AUTHOR Regan, Bernard DATE DEPOSITED 13 April 2016 This version available at https://research.stmarys.ac.uk/id/eprint/1009/ COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Archive makes this work available, in accordance with publisher policies, for research purposes. VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. For citation purposes, please consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication. The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of con- quest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperi- alism (1917–1936) Regan, Bernard (2016) The Implementation of the Balfour Dec- laration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of con- quest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917– 1936) University of Surrey Version: PhD thesis Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individ- ual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open- Research Archive’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult http:// research.stmarys.ac.uk/policies.html http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/ The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of conquest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917–1936) Thesis submitted by Bernard Regan For the award of Doctor of Philosophy School of Arts and Humanities University of Surrey January 2016 ©Bernard Regan 2016 1 Summary The objective of this thesis is to analyse the British Mandate in Palestine with a view to developing a new understanding of the interconnections and dissonances between the principal agencies. -
Israel's Rights As a Nation-State in International Diplomacy
Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Institute for Research and Policy המרכז הירושלמי לענייני ציבור ומדינה )ע"ר( ISRAEl’s RiGHTS as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy Israel’s Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy © 2011 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs – World Jewish Congress Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai Street, Jerusalem, Israel Tel. 972-2-561-9281 Fax. 972-2-561-9112 Email: [email protected] www.jcpa.org World Jewish Congress 9A Diskin Street, 5th Floor Kiryat Wolfson, Jerusalem 96440 Phone : +972 2 633 3000 Fax: +972 2 659 8100 Email: [email protected] www.worldjewishcongress.com Academic Editor: Ambassador Alan Baker Production Director: Ahuva Volk Graphic Design: Studio Rami & Jaki • www.ramijaki.co.il Cover Photos: Results from the United Nations vote, with signatures, November 29, 1947 (Israel State Archive) UN General Assembly Proclaims Establishment of the State of Israel, November 29, 1947 (Israel National Photo Collection) ISBN: 978-965-218-100-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Overview Ambassador Alan Baker .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 The National Rights of Jews Professor Ruth Gavison ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 “An Overwhelmingly Jewish State” - From the Balfour Declaration to the Palestine Mandate -
A Rhetorical History of the British Constitution of Israel, 1917-1948
A RHETORICAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION OF ISRAEL, 1917-1948 by BENJAMIN ROSWELL BATES (Under the Direction of Celeste Condit) ABSTRACT The Arab-Israeli conflict has long been presented as eternal and irresolvable. A rhetorical history argues that the standard narrative can be challenged by considering it a series of rhetorical problems. These rhetorical problems can be reconstructed by drawing on primary sources as well as publicly presented texts. A methodology for doing rhetorical history that draws on Michael Calvin McGee's fragmentation thesis is offered. Four theoretical concepts (the archive, institutional intent, peripheral text, and center text) are articulated. British Colonial Office archives, London Times coverage, and British Parliamentary debates are used to interpret four publicly presented rhetorical acts. In 1915-7, Britain issued the Balfour Declaration and the McMahon-Hussein correspondence. Although these documents are treated as promises in the standard narrative, they are ambiguous declarations. As ambiguous documents, these texts offer opportunities for constitutive readings as well as limiting interpretations. In 1922, the Mandate for Palestine was issued to correct this vagueness. Rather than treating the Mandate as a response to the debate between realist foreign policy and self-determination, Winston Churchill used epideictic rhetoric to foreclose a policy discussion in favor of a vote on Britain's honour. As such, the Mandate did not account for Wilsonian drives in the post-War international sphere. After Arab riots and boycotts highlighted this problem, a commission was appointed to investigate new policy approaches. In the White Paper of 1939, a rhetoric of investigation limited Britain's consideration of possible policies. -
From the Balfour Declaration to the Palestine Mandate
“AN OVERWHELMINGLY JEWISH STATE” - FROM THE BALFOUR DECLARATION TO THE PALESTINE MANDATE Martin Gilbert On 22 July 1922, when the League of Nations announced the terms of Britain’s Mandate for Palestine, it gave prominence to the Balfour Declaration. ‘The Mandatory should be responsible,’ the preamble stated, ‘for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty…in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people…’1 The preamble of the Mandate included the precise wording of the Balfour Declaration. Nothing in the Balfour Declaration dealt with Jewish statehood, immigration, land purchase or the boundaries of Palestine. This essay examines how British policy with regard to the ‘national home for the Jewish people’ evolved between November 1917 and July 1922, and the stages by which the Mandate commitments were reached. In the discussions on the eve of the Balfour Declaration, the British War Cabinet, desperate to persuade the Jews of Russia to urge their government to renew Russia’s war effort, saw Palestine as a Jewish rallying cry. To this end, those advising the War Cabinet, and the Foreign Secretary himself, A.J. Balfour, encouraged at least the possibility of an eventual Jewish majority, even if it might – with the settled population of Palestine then being some 600,000 Arabs and 60,000 Jews – be many years before such a majority emerged. On 31 October 1917, Balfour had told the War Cabinet that while the words ‘national home…did -
Rights of Return and Self Determination Asserted in All International Law
BADIL Occasional Bulletin No. 23 December 2004 Rights of return and self determination asserted in all international law This Bulletin aims to provide a brief overview of issues related to Palestinian Refugee Rights On 11 December 1948, the United Nations adopted Resolution 194 which set up the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP) and “resolved that (Palestinian) refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date…” A day earlier (10 December 1948), member states of the UN had adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), marked as Human Rights Day. The UDHR, regarded by most states as the authoritative international standard for human rights, calls for fundamental human rights including the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. The Charter of the United Nations enshrines both self-determination and the right of return, with all other human rights conventions, covenants and declarations flowing from the aims and ideals set out in Charter. The individual right to self-determination requires States to respect all rights in human rights conventions they have agreed to including the right of (Palestinian) refugees and displaced persons to return to their homes and repossess their properties. But this doesn’t always happen. The US and Israel often vote with a few others against United Nations resolutions, otherwise passed unanimously, that include provision for basic human rights. The following looks at the rights of return and self determination in international law. A fundamental right—individually and collectively The right to self-determination is a fundamental human right, both individually and collectively. -
Rosh Hashanah 2014
J EEWISHW I S H A FFFAIRSFA I R S Rosh Hashanah 2014 South Africa - 20 Years of Democracy Price R50,00 incl. VAT Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper ISSN 0021 • 6313 New Year shared with loved ones Shana tova umetukah Specialist Banking Asset Management Wealth & Investment Australia Botswana Canada Hong Kong India Ireland Mauritius Namibia South Africa Switzerland Taiwan United Kingdom & Channel Islands United States Investec Limited and its subsidiaries, including Investec Bank Limited - 1969/004763/06, registered credit providers and authorised financial service providers. Cape Town 021 416 1000 Durban 031 575 4000 Johannesburg 011 286 7000 Pretoria 012 427 8300 FOR BOOKINGS +27 (0) 21 434 8111 [email protected] proteahotels.com/president WISHING ALL OUR JEWISH GUESTS A “L’SHANA TOVA.” BOOK 30 DAYS IN ADVANCE AND RECEIVE A 20% EARLY BOOKING DISCOUNT FOR YOUR STAY. EXCLUSIVITY ON CAPE TOWN’S BEACHFRONT The Protea Hotel President, located in Bantry Bay Cape Town offers GUESTS exclusivity on Cape Town’s beachfront. Away from the hustle and bustle of the city centre – the hotel offers a central location from where GUESTS can explore the V&A Waterfront, Table Mountain, Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens and a variety of shopping malls. The nightlife of the city with its array of restaurants and bars, or if you’re visiting on business, the CTICC, central business district and parliament are within easy reach. Getting around is easy with a Hop On Hop Off bus stop and MyCity rapid bus transport stop just around the corner from the hotel. T’s& C’s: Subject to availability. -
MECA GUIDE ISRAEL/PALESTINE 1 Middle East Centre Archive St
MECA GUIDE ISRAEL/PALESTINE Middle East Centre Archive St Antony’s College, Oxford Guide to collections relating to Israel/Palestine Introduction Please note that the following Guide is not comprehensive. It has been compiled from the main Guide to the Middle East Centre Archive and only collections in that catalogue that explicitly mention Israel/Palestine have been included. Not included in this Guide are several collections that cover the Middle East as a whole and thus may contain material relevant to Israel/Palestine. For example the Arab Bulletin; British Diplomatic Perspectives on the Middle East; Cairo Conference; Chatham House; Crow; A.G.M. Dickson; H.R.P Dickson and the Mance papers. For these papers please consult the main Guide to the Middle East Centre Archive. Where a more detailed description of a collection exists, this is indicated in this Guide by the word ‘Handlist’. Please note that uncatalogued material appears at the end of this Guide. Please note TS means typescript. MS means manuscript i.e. handwritten. ADAMSON, Richard. GB165-0001 Accounts by a Palestine Police Officer of the Cairo conspiracy trial in 1919 and the riots in Jerusalem, Easter 1920. 7 sheets. Handlist ALLENBY, Field Marshal Sir Edmund Henry Hynman, 1st Viscount Allenby of Megiddo. (1861-1936). GB165-0005 Photocopies of papers relating to the Middle East including: Palestine campaign - extracts from letters to his wife up to and including the capture of Aleppo (1918) and his visit in February 1919 to Istanbul; letters and reports by eyewitnesses of the same period; letters from H. Chauvel; letters to Sir Herbert Samuel, 1920-25; letter to Sir William Hayter 6 May 1924 on Saad Zaghlul; letters elicited by Wavell for his “Egypt” volume; comments, mainly by Gerald Delany, on Wavell's Allenby in Egypt. -
Palestine & Trans-Jordan Chronology of Events
28 February 2018 [CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS – PALESTINE, TRANS-JORDAN & SYRIA] Chronology of Events – Palestine, Trans-Jordan and Syria 1915 January German led Ottoman (Turkish) forces invade the Sinai Peninsula with the aim of capturing the Suez Canal. They are held, and eventually in 1916 pushed back out of Sinai into Palestine. 1916 March The last of a series of ten letters between HUSSEIN bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and the British High Commissioner in Egypt (McMAHON) affirms the U.K. commitment to recognise Arab independence after the Great War in exchange for Arab support in the war against the Ottoman Empire, and the launching of an Arab revolt against Turkish occupation of Mespotamia, Syria, Trans-Jordan and Palestine. 16 May The U.K. and France sign the SYKES – PICOT Agreement, which includes the then Russian Empire, apportioning spheres of influence over Turkey, Palestine and Western Persia when the Ottoman Empire was defeated in the war. The U.K. would have control of a coastal strip of Palestine, including the ports of Haifa and Acre, up to the River Jordan, and southern Iraq from Basra up to Baghdad along the two main rivers of the region (the Euphrates and Tigris). France was to gain control of south-eastern Turkey, Syria and Lebanon, and Russia Istanbul, the Turkish Straits, and Armenia. The Arab peoples were excluded from this agreement, as were any Jewish representatives. 1917 October – November British forces defeat the Turkish Army at the Third Battle of Gaza, leading to a large scale retreat by Turkish forces. 9 November The letter sent by Foreign Secretary of the U.K. -
Structures of Cooperation & Conflict: Local Forces in Mandatory Palestine During the Second World
Jacob Stoil Ex Historia 136 Jacob Stoil1 University of Oxford Structures of Cooperation & Conflict: Local Forces in Mandatory Palestine during the Second World War From the recruitment of Roger’s Rangers in the Seven Years’ War to the Sunni Awakening, the employment of local forces is a persistent theme throughout the history of warfare. Although at times individual local forces have received narrative attention, there has as yet been no comprehensive study of the nature, structure, function, or experience of these forces. One way these forces differ from institutional forces is their temporary and sometimes ad hoc nature – they are recruited by metropolitan powers in response to a specific emergency, sometimes as a supplement to conventional forces or out of a desire to intervene militarily without committing to large deployments. These forces are by definition paramilitary in their nature, as, for the most part, are their activities. They are not regular police, gendarme, or military forces. Instead, they represent a subset of a broader category of force that includes paramilitaries, unconventional forces, guerrillas, some militias, and auxiliaries. In the last several decades, the establishment of, and cooperation with, such forces tends to belong neither to the main body of conventional forces nor to intelligence agencies, but to the specific sections responsible for special operations or paramilitary activities. Irregular local forces have formed part of crisis response in imperial security and proxy warfare the world over and have thus played a central role in conflicts. This is clearly shown in the case of the Palestine Mandate during the era of the Second World War. -
1 St. Antony's College, Oxford Guide to the Middle East
ST. ANTONY'S COLLEGE, OXFORD GUIDE TO THE MIDDLE EAST CENTRE ARCHIVE Introduction This Guide covers the majority of the collections held in the Middle East Centre Archive. At present it does not cover collections that consist only of photographs. For example the Archive holds a substantial Freya Stark photographic collection. Where a more detailed description of a collection exists, this is indicated in this Guide by the word ‘Handlist’. If a collection holds photographs this is indicated at the end of the description by ‘Photographic collection’. Please note that uncatalogued material appears at the end of this Guide. Please note TS means typescript. MS means manuscript i.e. handwritten. ADAMSON, Richard. GB165-0001 Accounts by a Palestine Police Officer of the Cairo conspiracy trial in 1919 and the riots in Jerusalem, Easter 1920. 7 sheets. Handlist ADDISON, Herbert. GB165-0002 Privately printed monograph The pleasures of Anglo-Egyptian cooperation, 1972; critique of Jacques Berque’s Egypt; imperialism and revolution, 1973; memo by J. Cryer on British schoolmasters in Egypt; papers relating to the Cairo Scientific Society 1898-1931; lists of British Officials in the Egyptian service 1926-45; material relating to the development of the Helwan and Maadi 1920s-50s; press-cuttings and pamphlets on Egypt 1938-49; material relating to the Anglo-Egyptian Union 1942-49. 1 box. Handlist ALLARD, W. (b. 1889). GB165-0003 Biographical note; letter to A.L. Odell, 29 November 1967, on British nationals seconded to work under the Egyptian Government. 3 sheets. Handlist ALLEN, Rt. Revd. Geoffrey Francis, Bishop in Egypt. (1902-82). -
PRACTISE »DECEIVE Learning Curves of Military Deception Planners PRACTISE to DECEIVE
PRACTISE »DECEIVE Learning Curves of Military Deception Planners PRACTISE to DECEIVE Written by the undisputed dean of U.S. denial and deception experts, Practise to Deceive is the most in-depth look at deception as a military strategy Barton Whaley knew the history of denial and deception across time, disciplines, and culture. For Whaley, deception was a mind game requiring imagination, deep critical thought, a profound understanding of one’s self as well as the enemy (a variation of Sun Tzu), and patience and fortitude. This book presents eighty-eight vividly descriptive case studies to serve as a handbook for intelligence and military professionals. In Whaley’s analysis, variations in guilefulness between opposing individuals or groups can be crucial in deciding who achieves vic tory in combat. BARTON WHALEY (1928-2013) received his bachelor of arts degree in Chinese studies from the University of California, Berkeley, before serving with the intelligence section of U.S. Army Psychological Warfare headquartered in Tokyo during the Korean War. Following the war he attended London University School of Oriental and African Studies before receiving his PhD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was affiliated with the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and worked for the director of National Security’s Foreign Denial and Deception Committee of the Director of National Intelligence. ISBN-13: ITÄ-l-biaSl-ISE-l For more information on this and other great books, visit www.nip.org. eBook edition also available. 9 781612 519821 PRACTISE TO DECEIVE: Learning Curves of Military Deception Planners BARTON WHALEY Introduction by A.