Macromolecule Notes

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Carbohydrates Notebook page 14 Monomer Building Block: Monosaccharide (single sugar) Function: -provides and stores energy -structural support for plants (cellulose) Carbohydrates Examples: • Monosaccharide • (1 sugar): glucose or fructose • Disaccharide • (2 sugars): sucrose • Polysaccharide • (long chains): starch, cellulose • Found in fruits, veggies, grains Carbohydrates Other info: •Made of C, H, and O •In the ratio of C: 2 H: 1 O •Example: C6H12O6 •Example: C12H22O11 Carbohydrates Pictures: MONO DI Lipids Notebook page 15 Monomer Building Block: 3 Fatty acids and glycerol made of: C, H, O Function: -stores lots of energy -part of cell membrane Lipids Examples: • Fats: store energy • Steroids: make up cell membranes • Waxes • Chlorophyll • Pigments—absorb light Lipids Other info: • Nonpolar • Cannot dissolve in water • can be: • Solid (saturated fat) • Liquid (unsaturated fat) Lipids Pictures: glycerol 3 fatty acids Proteins Notebook page 16 Monomer Building Block: • Amino acids There are 20 different amino acids • Made of: • C, H, O, N Function and examples: • Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions • Collagen – skin, tendons, ligaments, bones • Structural – hair, muscles, blood clots • Antibodies – protect against infection Proteins Fold into compact shapes Proteins Held together by peptide bonds Nucleic Acids Notebook page 17 Monomer Building Block: • Nucleotides • Sugar • Phosphate • Base • Made of: • C, H, O, N, P Nucleic Acids • Function & Examples: • Holds instructions for building proteins which make up traits of living things • DNA: stores hereditary information • In the nucleus of every cell of your body • RNA: helps make proteins Nucleic Acids OTHER INFO: • All cells have both DNA and RNA! Picture: ATP Notebook page 18 • Monomer Building Blocks: • Nitrogen base -adenine • Sugar - ribose • 3 phosphate groups ATP Adenosine TriosPhosphate • Energy a cell can use • Energy is temporarily stored in ATP and released when the third phosphate is broken off.

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