The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century Free

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century Free FREE THE CLASSIC SLUM: SALFORD LIFE IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE CENTURY PDF Robert Roberts | 288 pages | 07 Dec 1990 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140136241 | English | London, United Kingdom The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century by Robert Roberts Today's Date: October 14, Pages: 1 2. Although essentially, the nature of slum life was quite dismal, especially by modern standards, it should be remembered that there also some less grim aspects, particularly after the First World War. It is certainly not a romanticized portrait of slum life in Edwardian England, but it does present a deeper understanding of the causes as well as outcomes of many of the problems which included extreme poverty, lack of employment, illiteracy, ill health, and other social maladies. The nature of life in a slum such as that of Salford was harsh and constantly changing. One usually was not sure whether or not there would be enough money left for food from day to day. The employment situation was grim and while some could find work that might last for an extended period, they could expect to be terminated and unable to find employment elsewhere at some point. Since the cost of living, which included mostly food, was so high, families often did not have many luxuries and many homes were almost bare since there was not money for anything except sustenance. They made do with boxes and slept in their clothes and in what other garments they could beg or filch. Of such people there were millions. It is striking to realize that there were literally millions of people in such a category and at one point, Roberts figures that 50 percent of the population in industrial cities were this class of destitute unskilled workers Aside from general employment and financial problems, the health of people living in Salford was terrible and before the Great War, there was the widespread practice of selling rotting The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century for cheaper prices and thinning out beer with water or worse, formaldehyde. For infants and children, life in slums was especially rough. The mortality rate for newborns was dismal and sometimes this would be an opportunity for relief as opposed to sorrow since parents often could not afford to feed yet another child. Furthermore, children were often not supervised and died in accidents or had deformed legs from rickets. These children were often poorly clothed and suffered from lice and other diseases as a result of poor hygiene and unsanitary living conditions. Some houses sparkled" In summary, while many of those in slums lived in abject poverty and squalor, one must not think that they did not care about how they were perceived. One particularly memorable example is his statement about class mobility in the slums. They were only too concerned to maintain position The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century their own stratum. Inside the working class as a whole there existed… a stratified form of society whose implications and consequences have hardly yet been fully explored" While this theory will be explored in following paragraphs, it is useful to think about at this point as we move forward to examine the underclass relationship to imperialism and the upper classes. All Rights Reserved. Advanced Search. Advanced search All these words. Date to. Author Exact author. Send to Friend Share. More Info. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. ResoluteReader: Robert Roberts - The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. A study which combines personal reminiscences with careful historical research, the myth of the 'good old days' is summarily dispensed with; Robert Roberts describes the period of his childhood, when the main affect of poverty in Edwardian Salford was degredation, and, despite great resources of human courage, few could escape such a prison. Get A Copy. Paperbackpages. Published July 26th by Penguin first published September 30th More Details Original Title. Other Editions 3. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The Classic Slumplease sign up. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Apr 25, Jan-Maat added it Shelves: 20th-centuryautobiography-memoirbritish-isles. The author's memoir of growing up around the time of WWI in a slum neighbourhood of Salford where his parents had a simple shop. Customers preferred to be served by his mother because she sliced meat so finely that it looked like more on the plate. Contains reflections on politics, culture, and the role of pawn shops. The principal theme is the story how the author became himself through the medium of The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century - he recalls, during WWI loosing the family sugar ration one week on account of the thre The author's memoir of growing up around the time of WWI in a slum neighbourhood of Salford where his parents had a simple shop. The principal theme is the story how the author became himself through the medium of reading - he recalls, during WWI loosing the family sugar ration one week on account of the three musketeersthough a kind woman helps him scoop up the mass of damp sugar off the street and into an improvised bag, however even once dry it remains resolutely grey - they still sell it though. Eventually the family breaks up, the mother can't stand the work while the father is obsessed and sees the shop as a gold mine. The flip side of this book is an insight into why the poor remain poor, ie it is a distinctly expensive way of life. Few people are prepared to provide goods and services because so much credit has to be extended to families who don't have ready cash, those who do take that risk are keen to squeeze every farthing out of their customers. Roberts' family were sole traders and do not even buy wholesale, but for the most part are buying and reselling plus their own profit margin to those with no access to other shops. Jan 08, Paul rated it it was amazing Shelves: history. The author Robert Roberts wrote this book, born in wrote this in the latter part of his life, and it is a recollection of his first 25 years in Salford. But like their neighbours, poverty was the wolf at the door that could strike them at any time it wished. During the Salford slum clearances of the s and 60s, he watched as his personal history was being removed from the face of the earth. Many of those who had left, especially the young held no regrets about its removal. Engels had referred to Salford as the classic slum with a mixture of the ship canal, mills and engineering surrounding them. Pre-First World War class divisions were of the greatest consequences, and many looked upon social and economic inequality as the law of nature. Roberts himself noted that in the latter part of the twentieth century a number of middle-class writers, historians and sociologists tended to sentimentalise the working class, often depicting them as cruder and caricaturing the whole class. Roberts paints a life for the slum dweller that was far more nuanced, and that before and after the Russian Revolution, had little to do with the Marxist speakers and agitators as the problems had little to with them, but more to do with the middle-class worries and interests. They had accepted a steady decline in living standards but wished for nothing more than to be respectful The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century respected. For them being working-class was more like being part of a caste structure where movement was frowned upon. What Roberts does in his book is shine a light into what were the dark areas of the city, a place many avoided unless necessary. While Great Britain had an Empire and many people made lots of money, that money had not reached into the slums. Roberts describes the life in detail in the early years of the twentieth century and the reader engages with him, with the urge to make sure that these slums are gone forever. This is one of the most important books on the history of the working-class and poverty in northern England at the beginning of The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century twentieth century. Roberts born three years before my own Grandmother, and a couple miles apart, but had similar experiences of their earlier years in the slums. Some may prefer to talk about the more decadent part of society of this time, but you should never forget there is more than one story to tell. I can highly recommend this book. Sep 19, Peter rated it it was amazing. The Classic Slum by Robert Roberts is a unique and fascinating book. It is also a book that presents a story that needs to be read if for no other reason than to become puzzled by the Goodreads general summary.
Recommended publications
  • Between L.S. Lowry and Coronation Street: Salford Cultural Identities
    Between L.S. Lowry and Coronation Street: Salford Cultural Identities Susanne Schmid Abstract: Salford, “the classic slum”, according to Robert Roberts’s study, has had a distinct cultural identity of its own, which is centred on the communal ideal of work- ing-class solidarity, best exemplified in the geographical space of “our street”. In the wake of de-industrialisation, Roberts’s study, lyrics by Ewan MacColl, L.S. Lowry’s paintings, and the soap opera Coronation Street all nostalgically celebrate imagined northern working-class communities, imbued with solidarity and human warmth. Thereby they contribute to constructing both English and northern identities. Key names and concepts: Friedrich Engels - Robert Roberts - Ewan MacColl - L.S. Lowry - Charles Dickens - Richard Hoggart - George Orwell; Slums - Escaper Fiction - Working-class Culture - Nostalgia - De-industrialisation - Rambling - Coronation Street. 1. Salford as an Imagined Northern Community For a long time, Salford, situated right next to the heart of Manchester, has been known as a place that underwent rapid and painful industri- alisation in the nineteenth century and an equally difficult and agonis- ing process of de-industrialisation in the twentieth. If Manchester, the former flag-ship of the cotton industry, has been renowned for its beautiful industrial architecture, its museums, and its economic suc- cess, Salford has been hailed as “the classic slum”, as in the title of Robert Roberts’s seminal study about Salford slum life in the first quarter of the twentieth century (Roberts 1990, first published in 1971). The equation of “Salford” and “slum”, however, dates back further than that. Friedrich Engels’s The Condition of the Working Class in England, written in 1844/45, casts a gloomy light on a city made up of dwellings hardly fit for humans: 348 Susanne Schmid If we cross the Irwell to Salford, we find on a peninsula formed by the river, a town of eighty thousand inhabitants […].
    [Show full text]
  • My Ways and My Days
    ROBERT ROBERTS BORN 1839 —DIED 1898 AUTOBIOGRAPHY with an APPENDIX by ( C C. WALKER Former Editor of "The Christadelphian" 0 n "** . I ROBERT ROBERTS (From a photograph taken in 189S) Printed and bound in Great Britain by R. J. Acford, Chichester, Sussex. J D PREFACE D HE first thirty-six chapters of this book consist T of an autobiography, under the heading of "My Days and My Ways," that originally appeared in a little monthly magazine called Good Company (1890-1894). The volumes of this have long been out of print. The remaining seven chapters of the book consist of An Appendix concerning " His Days and His Ways," from 1871 to 1898, when he died. This part of the story is of necessity told very briefly, and with some scruples concerning a few left in the land of the living The writer hopes he may be pardoned if anything is thought to be amiss. He aims only at a truthful record, without " malice aforethought " to any living soul. The portrait is from an excellent photograph taken at Malvern in 1895. Q- CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I.—BIRTH AND BOYHOOD .. .. .. 1 II.—" CONVERSION "—Elpis Israel .. .. 7 III.—BAPTISM .. .. .. .. 12 IV.—WRITES TO DR. THOMAS .. .. .. 17 V.—BECOMES A REPORTER .. .. .. 21 VI.—HUDDERSFIELD AND HALIFAX , . 28 VII.—WORKING WITH DR. THOMAS .. .. 34 VIII.—DEWSBURY .. .. .. ..43 IX.—MARRIAGE .. .. .. .. 45 X.—DIETETICS ! .. .. .. .. 53 XI.—INTRODUCING THE TRUTH (HUDDERSFIELD) .. 59 XII.—PUBLIC EFFORT AT HUDDERSFIELD .. 64 XIII.—A BRUSH WITH ATHFISM .. .. 69 XIV.—LEEDS : FOWLER AND WELLS .. .. 74 XV.—BIRMINGHAM : THE FOWLER AND WELLS COMPANY .. .. .. .. 80 XVI.—BIRMINGHAM, LEICESTER, NOTTINGHAM, DERBY .
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Economic and Social History
    HS3112/EH3612 The life and times of George Orwell 1903-50 Academic session 2003/04 SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES The Life and Times of George Orwell 1903-50 A moral history of the first half of the 20th century Module Description Eric Blair was born on 25 June 1903 at Motihari, in Bengal, and died of pulmonary tuberculosis at University College hospital London on 26 January 1950. This is his centenary year. The life he lived was mainly a writer’s life but it was also an active life where he got involved in the things that mattered to him. ‘Getting involved’, and then writing about it, Blair did in the guise of ‘George Orwell’. Blair was an intensely serious and well-read man who in his guise of George Orwell pretended not to be. Instead he pretended to be ordinary, and it was as the ordinary and broadest Englishman that he put his moral self on the line. Orwell’s literary achievements alone would have made him interesting to historians. But in the personality he adopted, and in the moral issues he was interested in, and faced down, Orwell was more than a good writer. He is a way into the century’s dilemmas. This module considers Orwell in history. It considers also the moral and political battle over his reputation. Module Objectives We will endeavour to learn something of Orwell’s life and times; to reflect critically on those times; to read selected works by Orwell and about him; to discuss the moral issues of his day; to understand that there are varieties of ways of interpreting those issues and the history behind them; to construct arguments and deploy supporting data; and most importantly to write and talk about all these things clearly and accurately - much as Orwell himself tried to do.
    [Show full text]
  • British Masculinity and Propaganda During the First World War Evan M
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2015 British Masculinity and Propaganda during the First World War Evan M. Caris Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Caris, Evan M., "British Masculinity and Propaganda during the First World War" (2015). LSU Master's Theses. 4047. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4047 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BRITISH MASCULINITY AND PROPAGANDA DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Evan M. Caris B.A. Georgia College & State University, 2011 December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTACT ..................................................................................................................................... iii 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 2. MASCULINITY IN BRITISH PROPAGANDA POSTERS DURING THE FIRST WORLD
    [Show full text]
  • European Social History, 1830-1914 Fall 2013, Humanities 1641, TR 4-5:15 Prof
    History 474: European Social History, 1830-1914 Fall 2013, Humanities 1641, TR 4-5:15 Prof. Koshar, Humanities 4101; Office hours: R 2:00-3:45 & by appt. email: [email protected] Rationale: Europe in the nineteenth century became recognizably “modern.” Factory- based manufacture increasingly shaped the economic life of men and women even though small-scale production and agriculture persisted and in some cases flourished. Urban centers grew in population and influence, becoming economic motors as well as cultural magnets. Science, technology, and more rapid means of communication exerted influence in the most intimate spaces of people’s lives. As free, compulsory education grew, literacy and cultural entertainments expanded, becoming more widely available to people of lesser means in both urban and rural milieus. New political parties mobilized larger constituencies; the masses were no longer bit players on the political stage. As modern parties became more organized and socially anchored, so too did ideologies—liberal, socialist, sectarian, nationalist, racist, or conservative—assume more importance in laying out blueprints for the future. Increasingly bureaucratized national states both responded to and facilitated such large-scale changes. Through it all, Europeans asserted themselves not only as members of families, churches, regions, and nations but also as individuals. In surveying these massive transformations, this course focuses on a single yet complex thread of European social experience: the relationship between the individual and the modern state. Goals: The pedagogical goals of the course are: to deepen your knowledge of nineteenth- century European social history in all its drama and many-sidedness; to build your expository and critical skills through writing and discussion; to advance your abilities to analyze primary sources (novels, memoirs, autobiographies) with reference to larger historical narratives and problems; and where possible to relate past and present through rigorous comparison and analogy.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in the Working Class Community, and the Evolution of Socialism in Late Nineteenth Century Lancashire: a Case of Working Class Consciousness
    Religion in the Working Class Community, and the Evolution of Socialism in Late Nineteenth Century Lancashire: A Case of Working Class Consciousness by A. J. AINSWORTH* The Bible is full of revolutionary teaching, and it is not surprising that, in a country where thought is free, many men and women have drawn from it the support which they needed for their instinctive revolt against the inhuman conditions which Capitalism brings. I think that probably the majority of those who have built up the socialist movement in this country have been adherents of the Christian reli­ gion .. C.R. ATILEE, The Labour Party in Perspective (1937) p. 27. A number of ambiguities surrounding religion amongst the working class of late nineteenth century Lancashire suggest that a statement of clarification is necessary, particularly regarding the relationship between religious ideals and the developing socialist consciousness of the 1890s. Firstly, since the appearance of Professor Inglis' influential Churches and the Working Classes in Victorian England, it has become commonplace, by drawing upon sources of church attendance such as the 1851 religious census, to suggest that the churches had but little impact upon the masses of the provincial manufacturing centres. This position, however, needs to be reconciled with that of commentators such as P.F. Clarke, who has noted that, "In the north west, religion was probably associated with po­ litics more closely than in any other part of Britain.'' 1 Secondly, and in response to the growth of popular Conservatism in Lancashire after 1868, there has been a clear tendency to examine religion primarily in relation to the Irish question.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included originalin the manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9421000 With little means or time: Working-class women and leisure in Late Victorian and Edwardian England Parratt, Catriona Mairi, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1993 Copyright ©1994 by Parratt, Catriona Mairi.
    [Show full text]
  • TWO TALES of a CITY: SALFORD in REGIONAL FILM MAKING C.1957-1973
    University of Huddersfield Repository Norris Nicholson, Heather Two tales of a city: Salford in regional filmmaking, 1957-1973 Original Citation Norris Nicholson, Heather (2001) Two tales of a city: Salford in regional filmmaking, 1957-1973. Manchester Region History Review, 15. pp. 41-53. ISSN 0952-4320 This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/12903/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ TWO TALES OF A CITY: SALFORD IN REGIONAL FILM MAKING c.1957-1973 Heather Norris Nicholson This discussion considers the role of moving image in prompts Doreen Massey to regard place as a process rather than constructing aspects of regional identity, with particular a stable and clearly defined entity.3 This perspective has a visual reference to footage produced by two very different filmmakers analogy: while more bounded and static notions of place who filmed in Ordsall, Salford during the 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • WHY IS THERE NO SOCIALISM in the UNITED STATES? Why Is There No Socialism in the United States?
    WHY IS THERE NO SOCIALISM IN THE UNITED STATES? Why is there no Socialism in the United States? WERNER SOMBART Translated by Patricia M. Hocking Head of German, Lockleaze Comprehensive School, Bristol and C. T. Husbands Lecturer in Sociology, University of Bristol Edited and with an Introductory Essay by C. T. Husbands and with a Foreword by Michael Harrington This work was originally published inin 19061906 by thethe Verlag vonvon J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) of Tiibingen under the title Warum gibt es in den Vereinigten Staaten keinen Sozialismus? It was slightly revised from a series of articles that had appeared in the Archiv filr So%ialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik [Works in Social Science and Social Policy], XXI (1905) ISBN 978-1-349-02526-8 ISBN 978-1-349-02524-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-02524-4 English translation © Patricia M. Hocking and C. T. Husbands 1976 Editor's introductory essay and editorial material © C. T. Husbands 1976 Michael Harrington's foreword © The Macmillan Press Ltd 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 978-0-333-18008-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published I976 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras SBN 333 18008 9 This book is sold subject to the standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement Contents Preface to the Original German Edition vii Foreword by Michael Harrington 1X List of Tables
    [Show full text]
  • Jon Lawrence Inventing The
    JON LAWRENCE INVENTING THE “TRADITIONAL WORKING CLASS”: A RE-ANALYSIS OF INTERVIEW NOTES FROM YOUNG AND WILLMOTT’S FAMILY AND KINSHIP IN EAST LONDON* Suggested Running Title: A Re-Analysis of Family and Kinship Abstract: This article examines surviving notes from interviews conducted by Michael Young and Peter Willmott in the London Borough of Bethnal Green and the Essex ‘overspill’ estate of ‘Greenleigh’ (Debden) in the mid-1950s to ask how far they support the central arguments about kinship, community and place advanced in their classic 1957 book Family and Kinship in East London. These interviews are used to suggest that Young and Willmott’s powerful a priori models about ‘community’ and working-class kinship, and their strong political investment in the idea of a decentralised social democracy based on self-servicing, working- class communities, led them to discount testimony which ran counter to their assumptions as ‘aberrant’ or ‘exceptional’. Though it is difficult to draw strong conclusions from thirty-seven interviews, it is suggested that the snippets of personal testimony that survive in Michael Young’s papers reinforce the arguments of historians who seek to question cataclysmic accounts of the consequences of working-class suburbanisation in the mid twentieth century. Culture and lifestyle changed much less with the move out to suburban Essex than Family and Kinship would suggest, partly because Bethnal Green's family and neighbourhood networks were considerably less cohesive than they claimed. 1 Family and kinship in East
    [Show full text]
  • Victorian Respectability, ‘Anti-Social Behaviour’ and the Music Hall, 1880-1900 John Mullen
    Victorian Respectability, ‘anti-social behaviour’ and the Music Hall, 1880-1900 John Mullen To cite this version: John Mullen. Victorian Respectability, ‘anti-social behaviour’ and the Music Hall, 1880-1900. Sarah Pickard. Anti-social Behaviour in Britain : Victorian and contemporary perspectives„ Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 10.1057/9781137399311_21. hal-02514366 HAL Id: hal-02514366 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02514366 Submitted on 22 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Victorian Respectability, ‘anti-social behaviour’ and the Music Hall, 1880-1900 John Mullen ‘Anti-social behaviour’ is often a label used for social regulation (Brown, 2004). Among other things, it participates in the construction of a ‘denigrated Other,’ whom we can reject, but its specific content is determined by the society and the political forces which invented the term. There is no shortage of concepts which have been used to define who is valuable and who is less valuable in human society: chivalry, decorum, godliness, good taste and anti- social behaviour have all played this role in different periods and different social milieux. In nineteenth century Britain, respectability was no doubt the most powerful of these ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Haru Takiuchi, British Working-Class Writing for Children: Scholarship Boys in the Mid-Twentieth Century
    24 書 評 Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and Other Tales. Ed. Cedric Watts. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990. ---. The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’. Ed. Jacques Berthoud. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1984. ---. The Rover. Eds. Andrzej Busza and J. H. Stape. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992. ---. The Secret Sharer and Other Stories. Eds. J. H. Stape and Allan H. Simmons. London: Penguin, 2014. Watt, Ian. Conrad in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: U of California P, 1979. Haru Takiuchi, British Working-Class Writing for Children: Scholarship Boys in the Mid-Twentieth Century Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave, 2017. viii + 218 pp. Reviewed by ARAI Megumi, University of Tokyo In his introduction to The Puffin Book of School Stories (1993), the editor Bernard Ashley writes that when he was growing up, he never came across school stories which dealt with the kind of schools he was attending. The school stories which were available at that time were all set in boarding schools. The boys I read about didn’t go home at the end of the afternoon, they went to their school Houses, where, instead of doing homework, they did prep; and at the end of term there were no school holidays for them, but vacations. And we identified with these remote characters and went around talking about doing our prep and having vacations – generally feeling inferior – because there was no alternative. (p. 2) School Houses, ‘prep’ (short for preparation), and ‘vacation’ belong to the world of the public school (fee-paying independent school) where traditional school stories, from Thomas Hughes’ Tom Brown’s School Days (1857) to the popular Billy Bunter series (1908-40) have been set.
    [Show full text]