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Between L.S. Lowry and Coronation Street: Salford Cultural Identities
Between L.S. Lowry and Coronation Street: Salford Cultural Identities Susanne Schmid Abstract: Salford, “the classic slum”, according to Robert Roberts’s study, has had a distinct cultural identity of its own, which is centred on the communal ideal of work- ing-class solidarity, best exemplified in the geographical space of “our street”. In the wake of de-industrialisation, Roberts’s study, lyrics by Ewan MacColl, L.S. Lowry’s paintings, and the soap opera Coronation Street all nostalgically celebrate imagined northern working-class communities, imbued with solidarity and human warmth. Thereby they contribute to constructing both English and northern identities. Key names and concepts: Friedrich Engels - Robert Roberts - Ewan MacColl - L.S. Lowry - Charles Dickens - Richard Hoggart - George Orwell; Slums - Escaper Fiction - Working-class Culture - Nostalgia - De-industrialisation - Rambling - Coronation Street. 1. Salford as an Imagined Northern Community For a long time, Salford, situated right next to the heart of Manchester, has been known as a place that underwent rapid and painful industri- alisation in the nineteenth century and an equally difficult and agonis- ing process of de-industrialisation in the twentieth. If Manchester, the former flag-ship of the cotton industry, has been renowned for its beautiful industrial architecture, its museums, and its economic suc- cess, Salford has been hailed as “the classic slum”, as in the title of Robert Roberts’s seminal study about Salford slum life in the first quarter of the twentieth century (Roberts 1990, first published in 1971). The equation of “Salford” and “slum”, however, dates back further than that. Friedrich Engels’s The Condition of the Working Class in England, written in 1844/45, casts a gloomy light on a city made up of dwellings hardly fit for humans: 348 Susanne Schmid If we cross the Irwell to Salford, we find on a peninsula formed by the river, a town of eighty thousand inhabitants […]. -
George Orwell's Down and out in Paris and London
/V /o THE POLITICS OF POVERTY: GEORGE ORWELL'S DOWN AND OUT IN PARIS AND LONDON THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For-the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Marianne Perkins, B.A. Denton, Texas May, 1992 Perkins, Marianne, The Politics of Poverty: George Orwell's Down and Out in Paris and London. Master of Arts (Literature), May, 1992, 65 pp., bibliography, 73 titles. Down and Out in Paris and London is typically perceived as non-political. Orwell's first book, it examines his life with the poor in two cities. Although on the surface Down and Out seems not to be about politics, Orwell covertly conveys a political message. This is contrary to popular critical opinion. What most critics fail to acknowledge is that Orwell wrote for a middle- and upper-class audience, showing a previously unseen view of the poor. In this he suggests change to the policy makers who are able to bring about improvements for the impoverished. Down and Out is often ignored by both critics and readers of Orwell. With an examination of Orwell's politicizing background, and of the way he chooses to present himself and his poor characters in Down and Out, I argue that the book is both political and characteristic of Orwell's later work. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. ORWELL'S PAST AND MOTIVATION. ......... Biographical Information Critical Reaction Comparisons to Other Authors II. GIVING THE WEALTHY AN ACCURATE PICTURE ... .. 16 Publication Audience Characters III. ORWELL'S FUTURE INFLUENCED BY HIS PAST... -
My Ways and My Days
ROBERT ROBERTS BORN 1839 —DIED 1898 AUTOBIOGRAPHY with an APPENDIX by ( C C. WALKER Former Editor of "The Christadelphian" 0 n "** . I ROBERT ROBERTS (From a photograph taken in 189S) Printed and bound in Great Britain by R. J. Acford, Chichester, Sussex. J D PREFACE D HE first thirty-six chapters of this book consist T of an autobiography, under the heading of "My Days and My Ways," that originally appeared in a little monthly magazine called Good Company (1890-1894). The volumes of this have long been out of print. The remaining seven chapters of the book consist of An Appendix concerning " His Days and His Ways," from 1871 to 1898, when he died. This part of the story is of necessity told very briefly, and with some scruples concerning a few left in the land of the living The writer hopes he may be pardoned if anything is thought to be amiss. He aims only at a truthful record, without " malice aforethought " to any living soul. The portrait is from an excellent photograph taken at Malvern in 1895. Q- CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I.—BIRTH AND BOYHOOD .. .. .. 1 II.—" CONVERSION "—Elpis Israel .. .. 7 III.—BAPTISM .. .. .. .. 12 IV.—WRITES TO DR. THOMAS .. .. .. 17 V.—BECOMES A REPORTER .. .. .. 21 VI.—HUDDERSFIELD AND HALIFAX , . 28 VII.—WORKING WITH DR. THOMAS .. .. 34 VIII.—DEWSBURY .. .. .. ..43 IX.—MARRIAGE .. .. .. .. 45 X.—DIETETICS ! .. .. .. .. 53 XI.—INTRODUCING THE TRUTH (HUDDERSFIELD) .. 59 XII.—PUBLIC EFFORT AT HUDDERSFIELD .. 64 XIII.—A BRUSH WITH ATHFISM .. .. 69 XIV.—LEEDS : FOWLER AND WELLS .. .. 74 XV.—BIRMINGHAM : THE FOWLER AND WELLS COMPANY .. .. .. .. 80 XVI.—BIRMINGHAM, LEICESTER, NOTTINGHAM, DERBY . -
Down and out in Aragon: George Orwell's Near
Down and out in Aragon: George Orwell’s near-fatal wounding in the Spanish Civil War 8 /Winter 2020 Orwell in the Home Guard. UCL: © Orwell Archive, UCL Library Special Collections The Pharos Michael D. Shulman, MD, PhD Dr. Shulman (AΩA, The Perelman School of Medicine at the General Franco’s Falangists. He was assigned to a ragtag University of Pennsylvania, 1982) is a retired nephrologist. regiment made up of 80 poorly nourished soldiers and “several dogs.” 3 No bomb that ever burst Weeks passed during which Orwell’s regiment was hun- Shatters the crystal spirit kered down in the sticky clay of Aragon, exchanging occa- — George Orwell1 sional pot shots with the enemy. The mosquitos, as Orwell languidly notes, were “becoming a nuisance.” 3 The battle n a famous 1944 essay, George Orwell begins by re- losses took on an element of farce. The first five casualties marking on a German plane sketching vapor trails in in Orwell’s unit had been shot by their compatriots when the placid sky far above him, imagining the bombar- their weapons discharged accidentally. Soon ammunition Idier as a civilized fellow who bears no ill will.2 As Orwell grew scarce for both sides, and any vestigial political fervor knows, if the enemy is lucky, he will drop his bombs on was swallowed up by the unceasing misery and monotony the very place Orwell sits savoring his tea, but he cannot of trench warfare. be resented merely for that. The enemy is a functionary, Six months after his arrival in Spain, Orwell lay hid- and he arouses no emotion because he possesses no hu- den in a muddy trench awaiting the start of another day man features. -
The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century Free
FREE THE CLASSIC SLUM: SALFORD LIFE IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE CENTURY PDF Robert Roberts | 288 pages | 07 Dec 1990 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140136241 | English | London, United Kingdom The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century by Robert Roberts Today's Date: October 14, Pages: 1 2. Although essentially, the nature of slum life was quite dismal, especially by modern standards, it should be remembered that there also some less grim aspects, particularly after the First World War. It is certainly not a romanticized portrait of slum life in Edwardian England, but it does present a deeper understanding of the causes as well as outcomes of many of the problems which included extreme poverty, lack of employment, illiteracy, ill health, and other social maladies. The nature of life in a slum such as that of Salford was harsh and constantly changing. One usually was not sure whether or not there would be enough money left for food from day to day. The employment situation was grim and while some could find work that might last for an extended period, they could expect to be terminated and unable to find employment elsewhere at some point. Since the cost of living, which included mostly food, was so high, families often did not have many luxuries and many homes were almost bare since there was not money for anything except sustenance. They made do with boxes and slept in their clothes and in what other garments they could beg or filch. Of such people there were millions. It is striking to realize that there were literally millions of people in such a category and at one point, Roberts figures that 50 percent of the population in industrial cities were this class of destitute unskilled workers Aside from general employment and financial problems, the health of people living in Salford was terrible and before the Great War, there was the widespread practice of selling rotting The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century for cheaper prices and thinning out beer with water or worse, formaldehyde. -
George Orwell and His Relevance to the Twenty-First Century
====================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 19:2 February 2019 India’s Higher Education Authority UGC Approved List of Journals Serial Number 49042 ===================================================================== George Orwell and His Relevance to the Twenty-first Century Dr. Braja Kishore Sahoo ================================================================== George Orwell (1903-1950) occupies a significant place in the English literary imagination. A political and cultural commentator, as well as an accomplished novelist, Orwell is one of the most widely-admired English- language essayists of the 20th century. He is best remembered for two novels written towards the end of his life: Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty- Four (1949). In my paper I intend to suggest that Orwell was very much alive to the vital issues of his time and he showed an extensive range of interests stretching from politics, war, sports to such issues of language , literature, popular culture, even to suggest the eleven golden rules of how to prepare a nice cup of tea, and he is also very much relevant to our time, very much like our contemporary, very much alive to the vital issues of twenty-first century. Life was not particularly kind to George Orwell, nor was his contemporary critics. But history has treated him well, proving him right about the key issues of the twentieth century. In the bipolar political climate of the 1930s and 1940s, when intellectuals on the left and right were cozying up to the world's greatest evildoers, Orwell saw that the choice between Stalinism and fascism was in fact no choice at all, that the real struggle was between freedom and tyranny. -
British Masculinity and Propaganda During the First World War Evan M
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2015 British Masculinity and Propaganda during the First World War Evan M. Caris Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Caris, Evan M., "British Masculinity and Propaganda during the First World War" (2015). LSU Master's Theses. 4047. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4047 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BRITISH MASCULINITY AND PROPAGANDA DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Evan M. Caris B.A. Georgia College & State University, 2011 December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTACT ..................................................................................................................................... iii 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 2. MASCULINITY IN BRITISH PROPAGANDA POSTERS DURING THE FIRST WORLD -
The Censorship of George Orwell's Essays in Spain1
The Censorship of George Orwell's Essays in Spain1 ALBERTO LÁZARO (Universidad de Alcalá) While much of George Orwell's popularity rests on bis political fiction, particularly Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), his achievements as an essayist have also been widely celebrated. Apart from his books of extended reportage published in the 1930s - Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) and Homage to Catalonia (1938) - Orwell's literary production of the 1940s inc1uded a very large number of reviews, artic1es and essays that appeared in a wide variety of periodical publications, such as the Observer, London Tribune, Manchester Evening News, The Listener, Partisan Review, Horizon, Left News and New Leader. Orwell only published two important collections of essays during bis lifetime, lnside the Whale (1940) and Critical Essays (1946), but irnmediately after bis death in 1950 several other volumes were produced, wbich gave English-speaking readers access to a wide variety of bis autobiographical, literary, political, sociological and cultural essays. In 1968 the four-volume Collected Essays, Joumalism and Letters oi George Orwell' edited by Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus, arrived as a brilliant c1imaxto Orwell's literary production, and gave further weight to the c1aimthat here indeed was a perceptive critic with a keen analytical eye and a persistent ability to tell unpleasant truths. During the Cold War period his essays were a much-quoted source in discussions of the threat of totalitarianism, imperialism in the East, the hypocrisy of intellectuals or the manipulation of the press during the Spanish Civil War. -
Fragments on the Deathwatch
Digital Commons @ Touro Law Center Scholarly Works Faculty Scholarship 1992 Fragments on the Deathwatch Louise Harmon Touro Law Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tourolaw.edu/scholarlyworks Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation 77 Minn. L. Rev. 1 (1992-1993) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Touro Law Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Touro Law Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fragments on the Deathwatch Louise Harmon* TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Deathwatches ................................... 1 Section II: Paintiffs, Procedure, and the Limits of Law W ishes .............................................. 35 Left Hemisphere Interlude ............................ 84 Section III: Moving up the Brainstem ..................... 86 Section IV: Death Thought, Death Talk, and the Eviden- tiary Implications of Taboo .............................. 91 Section V: Law and the Architecture of Ritual Space .... 129 Right Hemisphere Coda ............................... 160 I. DEATHWATCHES The other night I saw a documentary on television about some elephants in Botswana.1 The herd was in trouble. Water was scarce, and the elephants were on the move. They trav- elled north to the Linyanti River, following the ancient paths of their ancestors. An elderly cow staggered behind the others, weakened from starvation, dehydration, and advanced age. Suddenly she slipped in the sand. The wind blew so fiercely across the hot, dry land that when she fell only a muffled cry could be heard over the white howl of air in motion. It was like * Associate Professor of Law, Jacob D. -
Fragments on the Deathwatch Louise Harmon
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Law Review 1992 Fragments on the Deathwatch Louise Harmon Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Harmon, Louise, "Fragments on the Deathwatch" (1992). Minnesota Law Review. 1853. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/1853 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Law Review collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fragments on the Deathwatch Louise Harmon* TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Deathwatches ................................... 1 Section II: Paintiffs, Procedure, and the Limits of Law W ishes .............................................. 35 Left Hemisphere Interlude ............................ 84 Section III: Moving up the Brainstem ..................... 86 Section IV: Death Thought, Death Talk, and the Eviden- tiary Implications of Taboo .............................. 91 Section V: Law and the Architecture of Ritual Space .... 129 Right Hemisphere Coda ............................... 160 I. DEATHWATCHES The other night I saw a documentary on television about some elephants in Botswana.1 The herd was in trouble. Water was scarce, and the elephants were on the move. They trav- elled north to the Linyanti River, following the ancient paths of their ancestors. An elderly cow staggered behind the others, weakened from starvation, dehydration, and advanced age. Suddenly she slipped in the sand. The wind blew so fiercely across the hot, dry land that when she fell only a muffled cry could be heard over the white howl of air in motion. It was like * Associate Professor of Law, Jacob D. -
Heart Failure -- Diary of a Third Year Medical Student Medical School Resources by Michael Greger, MD
Heart Failure -- Diary of a Third Year Medical Student Medical School Resources by Michael Greger, MD Heart Failure - Diary of a Third Year Medical Student Preface Acknowledgments Pediatrics - Failure to Thrive Surgery - A Cut Below the Rest Psychiatry - One Flew Into the Cuckoo's Nest Obstetrics/Gynecology - Miscarriage of Justice Internal Medicine - Shortness of Breath Epilogue Appendices About the Author Anti-copyright 1999 Michael Greger Please feel free to use in any (nonprofit) way. file:///C|/Heart%20Failure/index.htm [7/22/02 1:22:03 PM] Heart Failure - Preface Heart Failure - Preface by Michael Greger, MD To all the students who went to bed crying or woke up screaming. To all those who needed to leave their hearts at the door. Besides medical school, there is probably no other four-year experience - unless it be four year's service in a war - that can so change the cognitive content of one's mind and the nature of one's relationships with others. - F.D. Moorse, Harvard Medical School This is the School of Babylon And at its hand we learn To walk into the furnaces And whistle as we burn. - Thomas Blackburn I just graduated with honors from Tufts University School of Medicine, the class of 1999. I don't feel honorable, though. I have become disillusioned - disgusted even - by medical training and medicine as a whole. I want to help others dispel their illusions as well. Medical school is four years long. The first two years are basic science lectures, more like an extension of college. The last two years, however, third year and fourth year, involve rotations through hospitals. -
THE LITERARY MOODS OP GEORGE ORWELL by Sister M. Aquiline Babiarz
76 UNIVERSITY D'OTTAWA - ECOLE DES GRADUES THE LITERARY MOODS OP GEORGE ORWELL by Sister M. Aquiline Babiarz Dissertation presented to the Faculty ©f Arts of the University of Ottawa through the Department of English as partial ful fillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 0 UBRARKS * y y Ottawa, Canada, I960 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UMI Number: DC53586 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform DC53586 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 UNIVERSITY D'OTTAWA ~ ECOLE DES GRADUES ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am indebted to the faculty of the University of Ottawa and, in particular, to Dr. Eramett O'Grady, Head of the English Department, for his interest and co-operation. Gratitude is also due to Reverend Mother Mary Aloysius, Councilor General of the Sisters of Nazareth, for giving me the privilege of continuing ray education. UNIVERSITY