The Engineering and Mining Journal

VOL. LXXXV. NEW YORK, JANUARY 25, 1908. NO. 4.

Mining Practice at Kalgoorlie, West Australia The Telluride Ores, Resembliag Those of Cripple Creek, Occur in Lenses and Are Extracted by Methods Insuring Perfect Ventilation BY GERARD W. WILLIAMS*

The Kalgoorlie or E^st Coolgardie pies proved equally efficacious. Today The mine is developed hundreds of feet goldfield is situated about 390 miles by the idle hoisting frames that dot the hori- deeper than the other mines, the shaft rail northeast of Ereemantle, th*e port of zon for miles around Coolgardie and Kal- being down to nearly 2100 ft., and good Perth, the capital of West Australia. The goorlie are but memorials of the “roaring ore has been opened up on the lowest field was discovered in 1893 P- Hannan days,” tombstones of buried English mil- levels. The Horseshoe, Ivanhoe and Kal- and party who, starting from Bayley's lions. gurlie have also received fair treatmeht Find, now' Coolgardie, first located the But of all wildcats none seemed more as is shown by the position they occupy claims that attracted attention to the flagrant than those mines which lay today. small area which now produces about toward the Lake till, almost by accident, As the result of experience and experi- 900,000 oz. gold per annum and which it was discovered that these claims con- ment the mines evolved economic and

SURFACE PLANT, KALGURLIE GOLD MINES, LTD.

since 1893 has produced a total of 9,000,000 tained unsuspected formations containing metallurgically successful methods for the oz. gold. At first the mines which now equally unsuspected ore. The early his¬ treatment of their refractory ores. Gold produce the bulk of the gold were over¬ tory of many of the mines is too often mining in Kalgoorlie is no longer a spec¬ looked ; for the lode formation was new to merely a repetition of the early days of ulation ; it is an industry, and an industry the prospectors who were looking only for most of the goldfields of the world, the carried out on the most open lines. What¬ quartz. This was the maddest of all the record of the prostitution of mining engi¬ ever may have been the methods formerly years that marked the foundation of West neering to the exigencies of the share in vogue at certain mines it is certain that .‘KustraJian mining. Wildcats sprang into market. There were notable exceptions; the mines now pursue a most open policy. being in all directions; it was scarcely the Great Boulder was consistently worked As far as the present managers of the necessary to have a rgef; borrowed sam- in the interests of the mine and the stock¬ several mines are concerned, the great re¬ holder and in particular the deep-level de¬ ductions in costs which have been effected •Metallurglst, Ida H. Gold Mining Com¬ in the past three years are a sufficient pany, Laverton. West Australia. velopment on this mine deserves notice. 194 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. tribute to their abilities. The combina¬ of sodium chloride and magnesium and ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTIC ORE. tion of reduced costs and increased ex¬ sodium sulphates. Water for domestic Per cent. Silica . 60.0 traction has to a large degree counteracted and mining purposes is piped about 350 Alumina . 11.0 the decrease in grade consequent on miles. It costs the mines Ss. per 1000 Ferrous oxide. 5.5 I’yrites . 7.0 deeper mining. I must here express my gal. Calcium carbonate. 7.5 Magnesium carbonate.. 6.0 thanks to the managers of all the mines The whole surface of the country is Soda and potash. 1.5 described m the following pages for the covered with red loam and other surface Water, etc. 1.5 uniform courtesy received at their hands deposits of varying thickness. The latter There is a marked resemblance between and for the liberal manner in which min¬ consist chiefly of iron cements passing in the Kalgoorlie lodes and some portions of ing and treatment data and costs were places to nearly pure iron ore. The un¬ the Mother Lode of California. In both supplied. All data in these articles have derlying rocks consist of: (i) amphibolite cases amphibolite rocks have been altered been either supplied directly by the officers rocks, (2) new intrusive rocks ranging into softer, carbonated rocks with sericite of the mining companies or have been from ultra basic to acid, (3) highly meta- and pyrites on the planes of maximum taken from the official records of the morphic sedimentary rocks dipping at a stress. The comparison of the Kalgoorlie chamber of mines. high angle. The whole area has under¬ mines and the mines of Cripple Creek is Geography and Geology gone extensive dynamic and thermal meta¬ even more striking. In both cases the The Kalgoorlie mines are situated upon morphosis. As a result of great pressure pay lodes are confined to a small area, and

FLAT-BACK STOPE, 4OO-FT. LEVEL, GOLDEN HORSESHOE MINE

the slopes of a low range of hills that rise the amphibolites have developed, in the are not dissimilar in appearance. Mag¬ from the arid plain extending for hun¬ regions of maximum stress, roughly paral¬ netite is not found in Cripple Creek but dreds of miles northward and eastward. lel series of foliated, highly altered schists. sericite occurs as in Kalgoorlie. In both There is but little timber in the district These lines of w'eakness served as chan¬ cases the gold is largely in the form of and such as there was originally has long nels for the ascending mineral and gold- telluride, massive in Kalgoorlie and crys¬ since gone to feed the furnaces of the bearing solutions. With the exception of talline in Cripple Creek. Both places were Golden Mile plants. Wood is the only fuel the Iron Duke lode these formations or discovered at about the same time. Crip¬ and it is now brought in over a distance lodes are nearly vertical and trend from ple Creek being a few years older than of from fifty to seventy miles. This wood north 30 to so deg. west. The natural rock Kalgoorlie, and both have produced about has an actual working evaporation power on these lines of foliation has been further $145,000,000. Finally both places show a of 3.25 to 3.5 lb. of water per pound of altered by the formation of carbonates and similar decrease in the orebodies in depth, wood. the infiltration of quartz. The percentage both as regards width of the body and of The plains are almost waterless, the of free silica tends to increase with depth. assay values. “lakes” only contain a few inches of salt The percentage of pyrites is high, averag¬ The drop in grade from level to level is water after heavy rains, and the water ing fully 8 per cent. well exemplified in the following table from the mines is very salt. In fact it The following analysis is characteristic showing the ore -reserves of the Great consists of an almost saturated solution of the orebody in depth. Boulder: January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 193

UNDERGROUND HAULAGE, GOLDEN HORSESHOE MINE, KALGOORLIE 196 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908.

DIMINISHING GRADE OP ORE WITH being placed at frequent intervals in the WORK OF NEW INGERSOLL, 3%, F. 9., INCREASE OF DEPTH. drives. The stone is all broken to 6-in. ROCK DRILLS IN STOPES FROM JANUARY 1 TO JULY 31,* 190& Depth In Feet, Gold per Ton. cubes and the excess of broken ore drawn 300 to 400 $29.6 off at the chutes so as to leave a floor of Average number of machines in use • 19.2 400 to 500 39.9 Number of shifts.541 500 to 600 49.5 broken ore within working distance of Number of holes drilled.‘ 31,660 600 to 700 18.8 Number of feet drilled. 217,280 •700 to 800 28.7 the face. When the stope is worked F^et drilled per drill per shift. 20.94 800 to 900 27.2 through, about 45 per cent, of the ore is Average depth of holes.. 6.86 900 to 1000 27.3 Tons of ore broken. 149,313 1000 to 1100 24.6 left in the stope. This is then drawn off Average tonnage per drill per shift.. 14.39 1100 to 1200 19.7 Steel sharpened: 1200 to 1300 19.8 and the whole stope filled with waste. Hand drills. 79,151 1300 to 1400 13.4 This method is most economical, but has Machine drills. 130,094 1400 to 1500 14.6 Picks pointed. 694 1600 to 1750 12.6 several disadvantages.. All material must 1750 to 1900 12.8 be taken; it is not possible to leave pil¬ Handling Broken Ore lars of low-grade ore; if the walls do not The visitor to Kalgoorlie, especially if There is every indication that the drop hang well the value of the ore may be he is accustomed to the large hauling in grade is not proportional to the depth unduly diminished by rock peeling off the ways of the Rand mines, is apt to be some¬ but that it tends to a comparatively con¬ walls of the stope. what disappointed with the winding gears stant figure. Recent development on the (3) Flat Back System. The leading of this field. The majority of the mines 2050-ft. It^vel has exposed ore of some¬ stope is carried horizontally, waste rock raise the ore in 15-cwt. trucks in double¬ what higher grade than that which has is laid along the floor to within a few feet deck cages, and mechanical handling of been maintained for the past 500 ft. De¬ of the face, and covered with planks and the ore underground is unknown. The velopments in the Perseverance and other cloths. The ore chutes are carried up as Perseverance mine uses a belt conveyer mines support the view that most of the the stope is worked through. The method for distributing waste along one of the Kalgoorlie mines may reasonably hope to is the safest, but is somewhat more costly, principal levels and horse traction is util¬ work profitably at depths fully twice as as so much ore and waste has to be shov¬ ized at one or two mines, but, generally great as those attained at present. eled. With indifferent walls this system speaking, all tramming is done with hand is the most economical in the long run. labor. This, with truckers paid $2.40 per Occurrence of the Gold In small lodes where sorting in the stope 8-hour shift, appears somewhat strange The gold occurs in three forms: free, is possible this system is extremely cheap, when one reflects that on the Rand with associated intimately with pyrite and other for the stope may receive the waste ahead truckers at 50c. per 10 hours it pays to sulphides, and in chemical combination as as the following stopes progress. This install mechanical haulage on the main a telluride. Four tellurides are found, system is much used in outlying mines levels. Nor can this be explained on the usually in intimate combination: sylvanite, where the lode is usually small and read¬ assumption that the white worker is four steel gray, carrying 33 per cent, gold, 9 ily separated from the country rock. times as efficient as the colored worker, per cent, silver and 58 per cent, tellurium; The question of stope filling is an im¬ for in regard to unskilled work of this calaverite, bronze yellow, containing 39 portant one. The method of filling re¬ description the kafirs are nearly, if not per cent, gold, 2 per cent, silver and 58 quires many chutes for waste, but it has indeed quite, as efficient as the average per cent, tellurium; petzite, steel gray, an indirect advantage in that ventilation is unskilled worker on the Kalgoorlie or any w'ith 25 per cent, gold, 40 per cent, silver much improved; the air is restricted to other goldfield. and 35 per' cent, tellurium; and colora- the working faces and consequently the From the collar of the shaft to the doite, carrying 51 per cent, mercury and 49 air currents do not lose their force in dump, however, all handling of the ore per cent, tellurium. Coloradoite is usu¬ velocity by traveling through large areas is mechanical. ally associated with coarse free gold. of pillared stopes. Moreover the number The width of the auriferous portion of of air outlets to the surface is materially the lode varies within wide limits, the increased. Speaking generally, the venti¬ According to a series of experiments de¬ pay shoots occurring in lenses up to a lation of the Kalgoorlie mines is ex¬ scribed in Comptes Rendtis (pp. 720-722, maximum diameter of 120 ft. The aver¬ tremely good and the marked absence of Vol. 145, investigating certain causes of age may be taken at 11.5 ft. for the deeper ‘ cases of miner’s phthisis contracted locally error in the molybdate method of phos¬ levels as now worked. among the workers is the highest testi¬ phorus determination in steel, not less than mony to the truth of this statement. 30 c.c. of molybdate reagent (75 grams Mining Methods ammonium molybdate per liter) should be Drilling and Blasting used for each gram of iron. This is The mines are worked from vertical needed to counteract the solubility of am¬ shafts, the levels are put in approximately The following figures, kindly supplied monium phospho-molybdate in ferric salts. every 100 ft. Three methods of stoping to me by Mr. Sutherland,^ manager of the Distilled water only should be used for are in vogue as follows: Golden Horseshoe, are instructive. The washing as wash water containing am¬ (1) Rill System. The leading stope is average width of the lode in this mine is monium nitrate or nitric acid dissolves carried on both sides of a winze in such about 12 feet. sensible quantities of the precipitate. manner that the working face is roughly parallel to the curve of the filling which is run in from the winze. The surface of

the rill or filling of waste rock is covered explosives used in the golden horseshoe from .IAN. 1 TO JULY 31, 1906. with poles and old filter cloths. After the face has been carried up 10 or 14 ft., Stoping. Driving. Cross¬ Wlnzlng i Shaft Plat cutting. A Raising.! Sinking. Cuttl ng. the stope is shoveled down and the floor¬ ing removed. The ore chutes are then Tons of ore broken. 149,313 2,176 4M l,678i 103J 3,350 c u. 1 built up and more waste run in. The Pounds of Explosives used : floor is then replaced and stoping pro¬ Gelignite. S9,5H0 1,210 140 996 ' Gelatine dynamite. 130 5,885 450 260 , 60 ceeded with. The method requires good Blasting gelatine. 890 21,975 5,126 9,195 1 1,760 360 Detonators. 52,525 10,100 2,200 6,876 700 200 walls or the stope may be temporarily Ck)lls of fuse. 11,575 2,320 662 1,401 203 33 Average pounds of explosives 1 lost. per ton of ore broken. .61 (2) Shrinkage System. The leading Pounds of explosives i)er fot)t progressed. 13.37 13.17 6.62 17.39 4.375 stope is carried horizontally, ore chutes January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 197

A Shaft Fire in the Shattuck the 800-ft. level where the Shattuck con¬ Tin Mining in the Northern Ter¬ nects with the Cuprite mine. This last Mine, Bisbee, Ariz. was built about 1000 ft. from the shaft, ritory of Australia but even^ at that distance some difficulty was experienced owing to gas. It seemed By I. J. Stauber* to shoot back in blasts even against the According to an Australian paper, strong draft. quoted by the Mining Journal, December The suddenness of mine fires is often Within an hour and a half from the 21, 1907, there are about 100 men on the disconcerting; therefore it is well to know time of discovery every opening was Western Arm tin field at present, where the method used elsewhere under similar tightly closed. About this time it was wages for white miners average iis. 8d. circumstances. On that account this de¬ found that the 6-in. steam-pipe was broken per day, and for Chinese 7s, to 8s. With¬ scription of the method of fighting the somewhere below. Advantage was taken in a radius of eight miles there are 20 recent fire in the shaft of the Shattuck- of this, and steam from the 250-h.p. boiler payable claims, and new discoveries are .^rizona Copper Company is given. was discharged into the shaft for about frequently made. The climate is said to As the 8oo-ft. level of the Shattuck is five hours to assist in smothering the fire. be much better than that of Cairns and The next day a small hole w'as made Townsville, while food is good and the in the bulkhead at the collar of the shaft supply of vegetables and game plentiful. and a light cotton rope lowered to the As regards individual properties, little bottom to test for fire, this come up un¬ or no development has been done, with scorched, but it was decided best to keep the exception of the John Grant, Good things closed for fear of fire smouldering Hope, and Rocky Bar claims. In other somewhere in the three miles of under¬ cases the work done has been conditioned ground workings. by the discovery of rich patches which have been picked out at the expense of

Effect of Prompt Control future working. Thus, in one Chinese claim 300 tons of tin have been extracted, Everything consequently was kept tight valued at £30,000, from a depth of less for 4^ days; the shaft was then uncov¬ than 40 ft., without the installation of ered and thoroughly wetted. The accu¬ any machinery whatever. This method of mulated gas was very strong, but cleared working is caused partly by lack of enough in three hours to permit of a de¬ capital, and partly also, it would seem, by scent. It was found that the fire origi¬ the character of the formation met with. nated in the 8oo-ft. pump-station in the The tin is said to occur, not in lodes, upper part of some lockers and had but in “blobs,” yielding up to 100 tons burned out about four feet of solid crib¬ of ore, after which the occurrence pinches bing on top of the station sets. out until another patch is met with. The The shaft is always wet and did not patches, however, are so rich and close burn to any extent except in the “dinky” to the surface as to be decidedly payable. compartment which joins the steam-pipe compartment. The guides on that side and the lining boards between the two compartments burned to the soo-ft. level. None of the posts or plates of the shaft The Market for Tungsten Ore sets were damaged, but - about 40 of the center girts were burned enough to need strengthening; this is being done by The following statements were made means of a false girt bolted to the top of recently by the managing director of a SHAFT ELEVATION, SHATTUCK MINE, the old ones. Cornish mining company at the annual BISBEE, ARIZ. Apparently the rapid spread of the meeting of the stockholders: flames was due to a large electric lighting Wolframite is an ore that has been connected with the Cuprite workings, be¬ cable; the waterproof covering of this selling for very high prices, but for the longing to the Copper Queen Company, was very inflammable. The fire ran along moment buyers prefer to look on, as they the Shattuck shaft is strongly upcast, the this wire and burned the switch boxes on express it. Their reason is largdy this: air velocity being about three miles per the stations and, in the case of the 700-ft. Most of the ore is bought by Germans, hour. Fire was first noticed by the night level, followed the drift wires for 200 ft. who convert it into tungsten metal and watchman about midnight Nov. 19, 1907- but, as the drift was untimbered, no fur¬ sell it on forward contracts chiefly to There was no one in the mine at the time ther damage was done. America. America for the moment, as a and had not been during the previous nine The total damage consisted of 2000 ft. result of the financial position, is almost hours since the mine was only working a of guides destroyed, 40 girts so dam¬ day shift. As soon as the fire was dis¬ aged that they had to be strengthened, in a state of chaos as far as commerce covered three lines 2-in. fire hose were slight damage to the pipes, electric cable and steel manufacture are concerned. hung in the shaft; this almost immediately destroyed and a few chairs so injured They are not drawing tin from here to diminished the smoke and also, by lower¬ that they had to be reseated. This is a the extent of their normal consumption, ing the temperature, decreased the velo¬ very small damage for a shaft fire and nor can they make use of the tungsten city of the air in the shaft. By this time, c.specially so when one remembers that metal they have bought on forward con¬ perhaps 15 minutes after the fire was dis¬ the fire must have been under very strong tracts. The result is that they are send¬ covered, sufficient help was on hand to • headway at one time. Undoubtedly the ing it back to this market at less than the start building bulkheads; three of these prompt use of hose and water quickly prices of the German makers, and for the were necessary, one at the surface, one in put out the flames in the shaft while the time being this has brought the price of the sub-drift near the surface and one on smothering action of the bulkheads tungsten ore down to a comparativel-y- checked the fire in the places where water low level as compared with a few months; ♦Chief engineer, Shattuck-Arlzona Copper back. Company, Bisbee, Ariz. could not reach. 198 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908.

Mining in New Mexico During Zinc per cent. Iron ore was mined at Fierro, in Grant county, and was smelted at 1907 The production of zinc was curtailed materially, owing to the action of the Pueblo, Colo. Zinc was produced in larger mines at ^lagdalena. The ship¬ Socorro and Grant counties principally, By Reinold V. Smith* ments from one of the largest producers although three other counties made ship¬ was continued until within the last few ments during the year. Grant county, in weeks of the year, but the marketing of the southwestern part of the Territory, Mining in New Mexico during 1907 led in the production of copper, although included the production of coal, iron, cop¬ zinc from the property of the Tribullion this metal was mined in all of the coun¬ per, lead, gold, silver, zinc, vanadium, ura¬ company was stopped as soon as the lease ties in the central and western part of nium and turquoise. Silica, clay, lime, nat¬ expired and the property came back into New Mexico. Lead came mostly from ural cement, and building stone added ma¬ the hands of the owners. This was on the camps of Grant, Socorro, Sierra, and terially to the monetary value of the min¬ Jan. I, 1907, and the year was spent in Dona Ana counties. Silver is found asso¬ eral industry. Aluminum, meerschaum installing machinery and erecting a mill ciated with lead, gold, copper and zinc, and soda are under serious investigation, in order to extract more cheaply and pre¬ but the greater part comes from the and will, beyond doubt, soon be added to pare the ores for shipment to the new mixed ores of Socorro and Grant coun¬ the list of products of the State. Silica smelter of the company at Canon City, ties. Gold to the amount of $307,000, a was made into refractory materials for Colo. Several companies within the Ter¬ gain over 1906,-came from silicious ores smelting purposes in the Territory, and ritory are, however, shipping zinc to and also from the mixed ores of the Grant was shipped in manufactured forms; Eastern points for treatment, and the county camps, from the Mogollon, Burro other silica, such as gangue material, went character and grade of the ore is such Mountains, and from the Hillsbore dis¬ regularly to the Arizona smelters as gan- that it is not at all likely that the ship¬ trict in Sierra county. The production of •ister and flux. ments from Cook’s Peak, and from Han¬ placers was mostly from the counties in The financial depression affected the over, as well as from Magdalena, will be the northern part of the Territory. In¬ Territory to some e.xtent, but not to so interfered with. The mines show reserve vestigations of placers were under way great a degree as some of the other min¬ orebodies larger than in 1906 and develop¬ in the southern districts, and in some of ing sections. This was due largely to the ment work is being systematically car¬ these, where conditions are most favor¬ nature of the mineral products, of which ried on. able, active mining is soon to commence. coal, iron, and gold are most important. Metallurgical Improvements Milling operations for the extraction of These were not seriously affected until gold were mostly cyaniding or aqueous the close of the year, so that the partial A number of concentrating mills were concentration. Pneumatic concentration suspension of copper smelting did not re¬ installed and orders for machinery for did not increase, although the mills now sult in much contraction in the value of many others were placed. About 20 mills operating along this line have been en¬ the year’s production. The coal produc¬ have undergone renovation or enlarge¬ tirely successful. tion remained normal, but the demand is ment. Electric separation of copper from Turquoise was mined in several locali¬ expected to fall off at the beginning of iron was undertaken on a large scale in ties near the central part of the terri¬ 1908. The mines are not laying off men, one mill. Copper-leaching mills were, in tory, the production being a little in ex¬ and many of the coal companies are en¬ three cases, run experimentally on o.xi- cess of last year. The Azure company’s larging their plants and preparing to in¬ dized ores. Placer mining and dredging mines, in the Burro mountains, were re¬ crease production; during the year the on a small scale were practised and pro¬ opened and machinery was being installed value of coal and coke both materially in¬ duced about 10 per cent, of the total gold at the close of the year preparatory to an creased. Iron ore did not decrease in output. Copper was smelted in several active campaign in 1908. This section has production, and several new fields are localities and lead smelting in one. About been idle for a number of years. being developed and filed upon by local 550 new coke ovens were built and sev¬ Conditions in New Mexico are rapidly capitalists. eral new coal mines were opened. The new coking-coal mines were, in three improving, and many strong companies Gold and Copper cases, opened by the metal-mining com¬ are engaging in iron, coal, copper and gold mining. Cyanide treatment for gold was the pany owning the coal, so as to secure Irrigation projects are attracting much metallurgical feature of the year in the fuel for its own use. attention, and the growth in this line can¬ Territory, and promises the greatest re¬ Railroad construction did not meet the not fail to re-act on the mining industry. turns in the immediate future. Several expectations of the beginning of the year, of the copper smelters were enlarged and but definite plans for extensions, espec¬ new ones built. The growth in copper ially for the transportation of fuel, ap¬ According to L’Echo des Mines, which smelting was to an extent induced by the pear to have been arranged. quotes the French Legation at Copen¬ past high price of the metal, but it was The quantity and value of the mineral hagen, the Danish Government, in order aided by the proof of the existence of products, so far as figures are at present to hasten the opening up of Greenland, many valuable deposits of copper in the obtainable, are given in the accompanying has renounced the monopoly of mining, central and southern camps. table. reserved to the State, and has given an im¬

The drop in the price and the conse¬ MINERAL AND METAL PRODUCTION IN 1907. portant mining grant to Mr. Bernbourg, a quent curtailment in production has in¬ Coal, tons. 2.:i00.000 $:L‘225.000 Copenhagen merchant. Copper mining is Copi)pr, lb. 7,2.'>0.000 l.fB.S.OOO the chief object in view. Besides copper, jured copper mining more than any other Silver, oz. 4I>0,000 824,000 ■branch of the mining industry. Develop¬ Iron,toii«. 182,000 ti00,000 the grant comprises deposits of graphite Oold, oz. 14,a')0 :«7,150 ment is being limited to those properties Lead, lb.fi,f>.50,000 :«)4,000 and mica. which are fortunate enough to have ores Zinc, lb.:t,2tM).000 103,000 which can be profitably treated at the The total mineral production, includ¬ G. Szivessy, in Annalen der Physik, present prices. There is a general belief ing non-metals, was about $6,850,000. finds that the electrical resistance of sil¬ among mining men that the spring will The major portion of the coal came ver and platinum wires is increased by see a surprising activity in copper, and from Colfax county, which furnished heating them in a current of oxygen, but holders of property are not allowing about 35 per cent, of the total; San Juan no effect is produced on gold and pal¬ assessment work to remain unperformed. and McKinley counties produced about 50 ladium wires. In the case of silver, the per cent., and Rio Arriba, Santa Fe, San¬ increase amounted to 0.3 to 0.6 per cent., *Professor of mining and metailurgy, New Mexico School of Mines, Socorro, N. M. doval, Socorro, and Lincoln counties 15 and in that of platinum up to 3.8 per cent. January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 199 Notes on the Tyee Copper Mine Lenticular Copper Deposits in Coast Region of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Peculiar Characteristics of the Tyee Orebodies BY WA LTER HARVEY WEED*

Lenticular masses of pyrite and copper and have been recorded by the men in of the three mines, and under the super¬ pyrite have for centuries furnished a large charge. vision of its able managing director, part of the world’s supply of copper, Clermont Livingston, has been. success¬ and careful studies have been made of Copper Deposits of the Coast District. fully developed from an unproved pros¬ a number of such deposits. Yet neither The coastal region of British Columbia pect in an exceedingly rough, heavily the genesis of such orebodies nor any gen¬ contains numerous copper deposits, in the forested, almost inaccessible situation in¬ eral law of occurrence to aid the pros¬ belts of altered rocks that border the great to a mine that has repaid its cost, and pectors in their discovery and develop¬ granite areas forming the mountain now—when remarkably extensive pros¬ ment has as yet been definitely estab¬ ranges. There are, however, only three pecting has failed to discover another lished. productive districts, namely, Howe Sound orebody—has, it is said, a comfortable (Britannia mine), Texada Island and balance in the treasury, wherewith to Characteristics of Lenticular Orebodies Mount Sicker. The last named is at purchase another property. Practically all the larger bodies of this present the only productive area on Van¬ character, which are minable, outcrop at couver Island and in point of output is The Tyee Orebodies. the surface and are marked by the “iron the most important copper producer of Through the courtesy of Mr. Living¬ hat’’ or gossan, mentioned in all our text the coast area. It is situated about 25 ston I was permitted to visit and exam¬ books. The ore masses occur almost miles north of Victoria, high up on the ine this property, accompanied by the su-

without exception in schistose rocks, and eastern slope of the mountainous back¬ perintendent, J. W. Bryant, to whom I the layers of schist conform to the walls bone of the island. Duncan’s Station, am indebted for the sections given here¬ of the orebody. As, however, the folia¬ the nearest railway point, is about six with. Fig. 3 represents a cross sec¬ tion of the schist is a result of pressure miles from the mine by wagon road, but tion through the orebody showing its and bears no necessary relation to sedi¬ the ore is handled by wire-rope tram and relation to the synclinal or canoe-shaped mentary bedding, it does not prove a sedi¬ smelted at Ladysmith, a few miles dis¬ fold of the inclosing rocks, and th? post¬ mentary origin for the ores, as claimed tant, on the eastern shore of the island. mineral fault which cuts it. The other even nowadays by a few geologists. Oth¬ The entire production of the district drawing. Fig. 2, is a longitudinal section ers have maintained an origin through has come from a single lens of ore ex¬ through the orebody along its strike or igneous waters, as suggested by the fre¬ tending through several adjacent claims course. quent association of igneous rocks. owned by the Lenora, Tyee and Richard The deposit presents several features The Tyee deposit on Vancouver Island III companies. The first named mined of unusual interest to mining engineers. offers a peculiarly good opportunity for out the southern end of the lens, extract¬ In the first place the lenses, unlike most the study of an orebody of this type, for ing approximately 60,000 tons of ore. It deposits of this so-called Rio Tinto or not only is the orebody absolutely delim¬ has been closed down for some years, Kieslager type, do not come to the ited by development work, but diamond and the amount of ore left has not, it surface, or at any rate outcrop at only drilling and many thousands of feet of appears, tempted the owners to rehabili¬ one small point, being covered by the •crosscutting and sinking have made tate the mining plant and railway line. encasing rocks. There is nothing to dis¬ known the detailed structural relation, The relative position of the three mines tinguish the ridge, or so-called hog-back, is shown in Fig. l herewith. in which this deposit lies, from any other •Mining geologist, New York. The Tyee is by far the most important on the slope of Mount Sicker. The small 200 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908.

inconspicuous area exposed was only greasy look of a crushed and schistose The ore is a dense, compact mass of found after forest fires had swept the serpentine. The gray schist of the ore chalcopyrite and barite, carrying a little ground and burned tlie dense timber, brush zone proper is hard, silicious, thinly foli¬ zinc blende, and aluminous silicates. Ac¬ and moss to ashes that were carried away ated and devoid of any mineral recog¬ cording to analyses made for the company by heavy rains. Elsewhere the ore lens nizable to the eye. The rock immediately and furnished me by Mr. Livingston the tapers upward as it does downward, and adjacent to the ore is mainly a dark gray ore has the composition shown in the is completely enclosed in the schists. It schist, the color being due to graphitic accompanying table. is certainly not a surface deposit. matter. The orebody is, moreover, peculiar in According to an examination under COMPOSITION OF TYEE ORES. its structural relations and mineralogic the microscope made by E. 11. Adye, the character. The ore consists of chalcopy- result of which has been kindly supplied I II III rite, with pyrite, in a barite gangue. It me by Mine Superintendent J. W. Bryant, per Cent. per < 'ent. Per Cent. (%)p|K‘r . 4.5(> 4.IIK 4.!>0 occurs in a shear-zone or fault-zone, “it is quite inconceivable that such a rock Iron. 11.94 10.4‘J P2..'ia definitely traceable for a mile or more can have had an igneous origin. . . . Zinc. n.itn 7.:«i 7.(M» Sillcii. l;t.4H Pi..')n down the mountain slopes and across the The finely divided opaque black matter 7.(11 Baryta. :t7.:tti :t7.(i:i Chemainus river. Throughout its course is, of course, graphite, attesting an early 2.‘20 2.04 it contains disseminated particles of cop¬ phase of thermal metamorphism in an per pyrite, which at some points reaches originally highly carbonaceous, argillace¬ 07.74 a copper content of 0.5 to i per cent., ous deposit which contained some sand. Silver. <«z. |K'r Ion... 2.H7 2.*>7 •2.80 though no other orebody has as yet been The last is evidenced by the presence of 0/,. |N‘r toll.... U.14 (».i:t found. This shear-zone, marked by anthogonous (secondary) quartz. The I. Average of analyses made by company. rock also carries plenty of small scattered II. Average composition of ore mined in 1905. crystals of iron pyrite.” III. Average of 150,000 tons shipped up The diorite, which practically forms one to middle of 1905. wall of the orebody underground, is not schistose near the ore, but becomes so Faults in the Orebody going northward, as shown by bands of Throughout its course the orebody is schist varying from a foot to many yards battered, cracked and full of chips and in width that alternate with belts of solid diabase rock. To the unaided eye the schists generally seem to be altered greenstone formed from old tuffs, and sediment carrying lignitic matter, similar to the tertiary breccias of the Yellow¬ stone Park. By shearing and thermal metamorphisni they have been altered to the schists of today. These rocks form distinct bands, and have been compressed into a series of narrow folds, alternating saddles and synclines, well exposed in the rounded rocky bosses about the mine. While the ore appears to occur in a shear-zone traceable for a mile or more, observations underground show that the ore lens lies on the south side of a V- shaped trough and that it lies against slickensides. This is due to a strike graphitic schist and within gray schists. fault, which cuts through the tip of the The fault and the adjacent diorite mass orebody, and has shattered the footwall show no genetic relation to the ore, the rock along its course. This fault has fault being post-mineral. been found in the workings to the deep¬ whitened and by iron-stained rocks, tra¬ Size of the Orebody est levels attained, and varies from 3 in. verses crystalline schists usually consid¬ The orebody is a large but irregular to 2 ft. in width. It is filled by stiff ered to be part of the Vancouver Island lens with a proved length of 2800 ft., a bluish mud and clay containing frag¬ series of Dawson. The rocks seen about mean width of 20 ft., and a depth of 150 ments, often well rounded, of the rock the mine show considerable variation. ft. It is 40 to SO ft. wide in many places. through which it cuts. A branch of this The lignite-bearing series is exposed near In the Lenora and Tyee mines, where fault cuts through the ore but does not the mine, though tuaceous igneous rocks its limits are known, it contains in all appreciably shift or dislocate it, though and granular igneous rocks, probably di- over 300,000 tons of ore. Extensive cross¬ the fractures are filled with soft gouge oritic, cut through the prevailing green cutting, driftiiig and diamond drilling matter. Later movement and slipping and gray schists. The latter rocks are from the various levels of a shaft 1250 has made slickensides and grooves, show¬ well exposed but at the surface are al¬ ft. deep show that the orebody does not ing that the ore has moved downw^ard a tered by weathering. No detailed survey go down, but that the shear-zone, with short distance, but as a skin of ore re¬ of the district has been made and the its peculiar barytic impregnation, extends mains on the opposite wall of the fault exact relations of the shear-zone to the through the folds, showing patches of it is evident that the movement was post- rocks cannot be distinguished without it low-grade copper-bearing rock at one or mineral and that the shift was small. two points in other and lower saddles. Both walls of the orebody show clay sel¬ Surrounding Rocks The ore contains an average of nearly vage throughout the entire mine; pyrite The rocks near the orebody are mainly 38 per cent, barite, yet the rocks on either mirrors and slickensides are common. green chloritic schists; pieces of this rock side of the ore do not contain even The new exploration work of 1907 de¬ from the underground workings have the traces of that substance. veloped a second, but smaller, orebody January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 201 of low and very irregular grade in the The Rocky Mountain Club maintain a social headquarters, but also to north leg of the inverted saddle. co-operate with all commercial organiza¬ of New York tions in the western States, and to assist Production and Costs The first annual meeting of the Rocky them in furthering the interests of the With wages $350 per day for miners, Mountain Club, of New York, an organi¬ respective western communities. Members $4 a day for shaft work and $7 per foot zation of western men in the East, was of the club say that within another year for crosscuts, mining costs have averaged held at the new club rooms in the Knicker¬ they will have 700 members and that the $2.40 per ton. Up to May, 1904, the com¬ bocker hotel. New York, Jan. 9, 1908. The club will be one of New York’s leading pany had produced 59,338,099 lb. copper. report of John Hays Hammond, president, organizations within five years. The production since has been approxi¬ showed that one year ago the club started mately 20,000,000 lb. more. The mine with a membership of seven, and today water all comes frcmi the surface and has 386 members. * Phosphate Mining in Tunis only extends downward 200 to 300 ft. The When the club was organized it was deep workings are dry—even dusty—ex¬ thought wise to provide a fund to insure According to a correspondent of the cept where the fault slips are channels the financial success of the club. An un¬ Mining Journal, London, the shipments of for descending surface waters. The coun¬ derwriting syndicate was formed which phosphate rock in 1907 were as follows: try is dry in summer and the mine boil¬ subscribed to a guarantee fund of $60,000. Gafsa company, 750,000 tons; Kala ers arc supplied by water from the Che- The president of the club reported that it Djerda, 240,000; Kala-Senaam, 100,000; niainus river, pumped up against a 1300- had not been necessary to call upon the La Floridienne, 30,000; total, 1,120,000. ft. head. guarantors for any assistance. Instead of having to borrow money during its first The railway from Metlaoui to the Gafsa company’s Redeyef mines is now Origin of the Ores year, the club has been able to pay its way and now has a comfortable surplus completed, and the rich rock of the latter The Tyce orebody resembles in features with which to carry out its work of pro¬ (65 per cent, tribasic phosphate) will and occurrence the lenticular bodies of moting good fellowship among western commence to be shipped early in 1908. iron ore of the Lake Superior ranges, men in the East, and of furthering the in¬ The increase in the Gafsa production the origin of which has been so clearly terests of the western States in the East. over 1906 is 160,000 tons. During 1908 disclosed by Van Hise, Leith and others. It was decided to increase the number of the total will probably reach 1,000,000 The hypothesis that the copper is a con¬ directors from 7 to 15 so as to give each tons, the arrangements for the shipment centration by shallow ground-water cir¬ western section a representative on the of that quantity being already provided culations of material extracted from board. for. It is said on good authority that sparsely disseminated particles of chal- It was decided to have a weekly gather¬ the sales effected for 1908 ensure a profit copyrite and pyrite of the schists, liber¬ ing at the club on every Tuesday evening of 20 francs a ton. ated during gradual erosion of the coun¬ from 4 to 6 o’clock, and to hold a club The line from Sousse to Ain Moulares try, gathered in shear-zone cracks or smoker on the last Tuesday of each month is being steadily pushed forward and will trunk channels and precipitated by graph¬ during the year. The club is fulfilling its be carrying the fertilizer from these itic matter with coincident replacement purpose in that it is the headquarters of beds a year hence. According to the of crushed material, appears at first sight western men in New York. New di¬ terms of this concession the Gafsa com¬ to be an adequate explanation for this and rectors elected for the years, 1907-8-9, pany has to bring a minimum of 250,000 many other deposits. The chief objec¬ are: John Hays Hammond, William B. tons annually to Sousse. As far as the tion to this, and apparently an insuper¬ Thompson, mine owner and banker of southern half of Tunisia is concerned, able one, is the fact that the Tyee deposit Butte, Mont., now doing business in New the Gasa company has practically a consists largely of barium sulphate, York; Albert J. Seligman, John C. Mont¬ monopoly, as it can exercise the option while the surrounding rocks are entirely gomery, of Denver, the American repre¬ of taking over any ground conceded in free from it; showing that lateral mov¬ sentative of the Venture Corporation Ltd., that district on equal terms within a ing waters have not furnished the ore. of London; Benjamin B. Thayer, manag¬ specified time of the adjudication. In this It is, therefore, evident that we must ing director of the Amalgamated Copper way it took over the Ain Moulares con¬ look to deep-seated waters as the source Company; Edward H. Clark, of Cali¬ cession on the terms of a bid made by of the ore in this deposit. fornia, manager of the Hearst estate; Gen¬ another company. eral George O. Eaton, U. S. A. retired; John B. Farish, of Colorado and New As indicating the extent of the indus¬ York; Willis S. McCornick, of the bank¬ trial reaction at Pittsburg it is stated that Metallurgy of Antimony ing firm of McCornick Bros., of Salt Lake the Pennsylvania Railroad is not able to and New York; J. G. Hopkins, managing find room on its sidings for its empty director of the Arizona Copper Company freight cars. Another interesting rumor A. Germot in Revue des Produits and a director of the Cumberland-Ely about the road is that no rails for 1908 Chintiques, Dec. 15, 1907, describes the Copper Company; Dr. C. K. Cole; A. will be delivered before June. following process: Antimony sulphide is Chester Beatty, mining engineer with the melted in a converter, and air is blown Guggenheim Exploration Company; S. W. A new method to prevent infiltration of in. The air burns part of the sulphur Eccles, of Salt Lake and New York; w'ater in walls and the soil is described by and produces sulphurous acid and anti¬ Thomas H. Leggett, of London and New Elettricita (Nov. i, 1907). Compressed mony, which remains in the crucible. York, and James J. McEvilly, an attorney air is conveyed into a vessel furnished The operation is made continuous by the of New York, and formerly of Montana. with a mixer containing lime or cement addition of more ore. The sulphurous Immediately after the annual meeting well diluted. To inject the cement, a acid escapes through a pipe at the upper the directors met and elected the following flat-nosed fire-hose nozzle is employed. part of the converter, and carries off officers: John Hays Hammond, president; The nozzle is applied against the wall or antimony sulphide fumes which are sub¬ Albert J. Seligman, vice-president; Wil¬ the earth, and gradually moved over all limated in special chambers. If a current liam B. Thompson, treasurer; Frank W. parts. The cement, thus injected, gradu¬ of air is made to act on these fumes Holmes, assistant treasurer; and James J. ally sets, forming a single piece with the oxysulphides or antimony oxide will be McEvilly, secretary. main work, increasing its strength and pre¬ produced, according to the amount of air. It is a purpose of the club not only to venting infiltration. 202 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908.

combination of finance and interests the year, and smelting is probably going The Copper Mines of Katanga tc complete that connection. I have had on now both at Kolwezi and Kansanshi, a very favorable reply from the Rho¬ and from all practical tests made, and desia railway company quoting rates At the annual meeting of the Tangan¬ from all reports received, our copper will for traffic which I think will lead yika Concessions, Ltd., at London, Dec. not cost us over Mr. Farrell’s original to business. The Chartered company 20, 1907, Robert Williams who is in tech¬ estimate of £12 per ton in Katanga. Our has everything to gain by this e.xtcnsion, nical control of the mines in Northern ores can be easily treated in several ways; as, apart from traffic from Katanga and Rhodesia and the Congo Free State, the natives have been smelting copper Kansanshi mines, it owns one-third in¬ made a report upon the developments up from these mines for a hundred years or terest in the latter mine. The Rhodesia to date. The Tanganyika Concessions so. Mr. Farrell in his first report on our Railway could, I am told, be at the Star is the exploring company, which received properties in 1902 stated our ores were of the Congo mine in a year, while our a great concession from the Congo Free silicious but easily treated by direct smelt¬ own line can tap our mines in three years. State. It owns 45 per cent, of the capital ing. His estimate of the cost of produc¬ With regard to the Benguella Railway, stock of the operating company that has ing copper at Katanga was £12 per ton. the first too miles constructed over the now been organized, and 90 per cent, ol On July 4, 1906, after receiving many worst section of the whole route will be the Benguella railway. The substance of analyses of our ores, I wrote as follows opened for traffic this month at a point Mr. Williams’ report is as follows: re their treatment—viz.: “I have had a where it joins the main road to the in¬ During the year the Union Miniere du long consultation with Mr. Dewar, who Haut Katanga was formed in Brussels terior. At this point, according to our re¬ agrees with me that while some of our with a working capital of £400,000 to work ports, the line will take the traffic now mines are highly silicious, there are others the mines we had discovered up to Dec. being carried by 200,000 native carriers and portions of others which might al¬ 9, 1906, including the great copper mines. annually to and from the interior, and the most be termed self-fluxing propositions, At the last meeting, I reported that, tak¬ traffic will increase with every mile we and what we are trying to arrive at is ing copper at £50 per ton, the Katanga build, as we are penetrating a country whether it is possible by a commonsense mines had £100,000,000 opened at that thickly populated by natives, and with a method of dressing the same free of date, and I put the cost of production and considerable white population. The traf¬ quartzites and scientifically mining it, to delivery on the market at £25 per ton. fic between Lobito, Catumbella, and Ben¬ land ore at the smelter containing a great¬ Since then the tonnage of the properties guella has increased from 759 passengers ly reduced quantity of silica. It is a fact of the Union Miniere has greatly in¬ and 1000 tons of goods in 1905, to 12,000 that in almost every one of your mines creased, and the cost of production will passengers and 5000 tons for eight months there are two classes of ore, a quartzite be less than we had estimated. The dia¬ of this year, exclusive of all returns for containing almost pure malachite in ‘blobs’ mond drill operations have proved the railway material and staff. and seams, which may be separated from continuity of the Kolwezi copper beds to This line is not going to be so costly the quartz by hand-picking, and what is three times the depth opened up by our as some folks say. We, as a company, known as an impregnated sandstone ore. shafts and drives, and developments never intended to construct the whole 1000 These two occur in various proportions at the Star of the Congo mine miles from Lobito to Katanga. What we at each mine, and it is almost certain that have exposed a further 800,000 tons expected to do was to find about half the out of the quartzite reef class of ore al¬ of 12 per cent, ore, which, with sorting necessary capital. This line will have cost most pure malachite may be extracted, and dressing, will be almost self-fluxing. us about £2,500,000 when completed to which would go to the enrichment of the At our Kansanshi mine the reef has been K.320. Our difficulties are past, as the impregnated sandstone ore, thereby pro¬ cut at 200-ft. level, the main shaft is al¬ following cable, which I received yester¬ ducing a parcel of enriched ore from each ready down to the 300-ft. level, and I have day from the railway contractors, will mine with proportionately less silica. little doubt that the reef will be cut at show: “Average rate platelaying last This, together with a careful selection ol that level in due course. Test smelting four days, 114 km., per day, increased ore from the mines containing a lesser operations will have probably commenced to 2j4km. today. All work in full proportion of silica and also containing by this time at this mine, and they have swing and difficult country now overcome. larger quantities of lime, carrying, in already started at Kolwezi mine. The earthworks are finished well ahead, some cases, copper, would enable us to In view of the great wealth developed and will not delay platelaying in the arrive at a mixture which might keep a at the Star of the Congo mine, we are future. Continued rapid progress plate¬ large smelting plant going for many years. now negotiating with the Rhodesia Rail¬ laying can be relied upon.” I have our By this method the ore that is best suited way company to construct its line direct contractors’ statement that a temporary for smelting will be sent to the smelter, to that mine instead of direct to Kansan¬ line for copper can be completed for and the ore that is suited for other pur¬ shi mine, and to serve the Kansanshi £3500 per mile—let us say £4500 per mile poses will be dealt with accordingly. mine with a branch line. The Star of for 800 miles—^within three years. It will, It does not follow, because there are one the Congo, besides having about 10 times therefore, take another £3,600,000 to or two mines in Katanga tremendously the wealth opened up that Kansanshi has, complete the 1000 miles at a total cost of high in silica that we need use these is about 60 miles nearer the Rhodesian £6,100,000 sterling from Lobito Bay to mines at present, or even include them rail head. I offered the Rhodesia Railway the Lualaba smelting site in the mid¬ with others which may be almost self- company to construct the railway from dle of that group of mines. Of the fluxing, unless we do so with the idiotic required £6,100,000 we have already the Rhodesian frontier to the Star of the idea of raising the cost of the production Congo mine by the Katanga Railway provided nearly half the amount, and I of copper. The object of these investi¬ company, provided the Rhodesia Railway have every reason to believe that the ne¬ gations is to produce a ton of copper would construct the line in its own coun¬ gotiations I am now carrying on wilt with the least possible quantity of fuel try to its own frontier, and to leave its bring those already interested with us and flux. The average value taken over line free to compete with other lines pro¬ in our great copper mines also in with all the mines of Katanga might show, say, vided it gives fair rates, and I have pointed us to find money for this line. We have 10 per cent, copper, with 40 per cent, out to the Rhodesia Railway company still some £800,000 in cash in hand and free silica, taking the whole thing en that by this connection I will probably uncalled capital, and we are. therefore, masse, while the smelting production of join them direct to Lobito Bay at no dis¬ in no hurry for further capital. copper would cost anything from £20 to tant date, as I expect to bring about a We have made solid progress during £50 per ton. If, on the other hand, we January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 203 take certain mines and scientifically mine indications did not serve to arrest fur¬ for, and bears ever alert to check any im¬ the ore on the lines I have indicated in ther decline down to £26 12s. 6d. on Jan. proved tendency. In the latter half of the this letter, we should be able to produce 18. At this point a rally ensued, prompted month the galvanizing industry showed ore containing, say, 20 per cent, copper partly by demand for early delivery and further expansion, and there was a more and 20 per cent, silica, with a probable partly by threatened difficulty in trans¬ active business in sheet zinc and chemical cost of smelting of about £12 to £13 per port, owing to the frost. The price rap¬ products. The close was at £24 ss.@£24 ton. This is the proposition we have to idly rose to £27 7s. 6d. after which de¬ los. for ordinary brands, and £25 12s. fid. deal with in Katanga, which seems to me mand was satisfied, buyers were unre¬ @£25 17s. fid. for specials. to offer facilities such as do not exist in sponsive, and the price fell back to £26 July opened with a dull market, to any other country in the world.” 17s. 6d. for ordinary brands, and £27 7s. which some animation was soon imparted The views expressed in that letter are Od. for Silesian specials, remaining steady by galvanizers. An advance was of short the lines our engineers are working on. thereat until the end of the month. duration, and the rest of the month wit¬ We have made experiments in sorting and February found the market awakened nessed a persistent decline, due to absten¬ dressing our ores, and we find that the by reluctance of consumers to operate in tion of consumers and eagerness of hold¬ most silicious portion of these ores can face of recent unsteadiness, while specula¬ ers to sell. Closing prices were £23 2s. tive realizations gradually forced the price fid. for ordinary brands, and £24 5s. for be dressed down at about is. or 2S. per of ordinary brands down to £25 iss. on ton to almost pure malachite. Mr. Dewar specials. Feb. II. Thereat some active business August was dull as regards volume of states in his report: “With proper work¬ followed and raised the price, but the business, and the market was demoralized ing conditions I see no reason why a re¬ movement soon spent itself, and price re¬ by the apathy of consumers, no less than covery of 75 per cent, to 80 per cent, of lapsed to the old level. Meanwhile pro¬ by pressure of sales on the London Ex¬ the total copper could not be obtained in ducers, having sold well ahead, and held change by parties operating for the fall. a product represented by some 5 per cent, firmly for higher prices, and consumers The middle of the month saw a temporary actual weight.” We are now running out having allowed ‘their stocks to run low, rally, but this was of short duration, and copper at Kansansid and Kolwezi by test gave the market some support toward the ihe decline thereafter continued to the furnaces, and propose to send it to Rho¬ end of the month. Closing prices were end of the month when ordinary brands desian railhead by traction engines which £26 IS. 3d. for ordinary brands, and £26 were quoted £21 12s. fid.@£2i 15s., and are now at work on the spot. Mr. Watson ■2s. 6d. to £26 7s. 6d. for specials. specials £22 5s.@£22 12s. fid. wrote me on Sept. 30 re Kolwezi smelting March opened with moderate but in¬ September opened with general uneasi¬ tests as follows: “Running on very rich creasing demand, particularly for export, ness and depression. Consumers bought ore as we now do, even with this small and with prices still ruling higher on the reluctantly and only for early delivery, blast furnace, I think we should be able Continent than in London. A gradual ad¬ while producers could not tempt buyers to turn out 25 tons of copper per month vance marked the first fortnight, after even with substantial concessions. The at a cost of £10 per ton.” Allan Gibb, which further progress was stayed by the month closed with ordinary brands at £20 the mining engineer and metallurgist who financial panic which originated in Ameri¬ 17s. fid., and specials at £21 ios.@£22. was obtained from America, writing on can securities and which disturbed bus¬ October opened with a steadier market, Oct. 29, states with regard to Kombovo iness generally. Industrial requirements, which induced an improved volume of mine: “I have had a good general look however, protected spelter from collapse. business. Values improved until Oct. 15, at this mine, and feel convinced that I .4bout Feb. 26 prices relapsed seriously, when the general depression in commerce will be able to confirm the splendid re¬ on account of forced sales for future de¬ prompted some bear selling for forward ports you have already had about it. livery just when consumptive demand was delivery and reduced values by 5s. It was It will in itself be an enormous asset to in abeyance. Prices fell to £25 17s. 6d.; evident, however, that prompt supplies the company, and much care will be re¬ special brands at the relatively high price were scarce, and producers well sold and quired in preparing it for work. I am of £26 lOS. holding for full prices. Zinc rollers were bringing in men to work on it, and will April opened with a dull market which, busy, and an improvement in the galvan¬ commence operations on my return from however, soon revived on improved de¬ ized iron trade stimulated an advance to Ruwe.” And I received a cable from mand, particularly from galvanizers, whose £22 2s. fid.; special brands, £22 12s. fid. Mr. Gibb on Dec. 9, as follows—viz.; “I trade was very active; sheet zinc being November was a time of severe finan¬ shall be able to treat the ore, cost per ton also in good demand and held for full cial strain in the commercial world, but prices. On April 10 ordinary brands com¬ will not exceed £10 per ton copper, from spelter was less affected than other metals. manded from £26 2s. 6d. to £26 Ss.. By the average produce of Katanga mines.” Advancing rate of interest on money in this time demand was partly satisfied, and Germany induced sellers there to part with the market suffered by pressure of specu¬ their holdings. The result was a decline in lative holdings, so that ordinary brands price. Some improved inquiry thereafter The London Speller Market relapsed. A gradual improvement set in, raised values, but hopeful factors were in 1907 however, and closing values were £26 to powerless to resist the pressure of specula¬ £26 2s. 6d. for ordinary brands, and £26 tive sales for forward delivery, which Special Correspondence los. for specials. brought down prices at the close to £21 ss. May opened with active business at for early delivery, and £20 155. for for¬ The year opened inauspiciously for all foregoing figures. This, however, was of ward ; special brands being quoted at £22 metals, chiefly in consequence of financial short duratioji, business generally being and £21 los. stringency; and spelter was no exception. adversely influenced by instability and December opened with a dull market, Opening at £28 2S. 6d. per ton for ordi¬ shrinkage of values in American securi¬ the consuming industries being sufficiently nary brands ex ship in the Thames, the ties. Galvanizers bought largely down to supplied with metal, and the prevailing price quickly fell to £27 15s., a few bear the middle of the month, but were freely depression in commerce and finance being sales helping the depression. Consump¬ met by dealers. When this demand was sufficient to check enterprise. Further de¬ tion, however, remained on a large scale, satisfied, a persistent decline finished at pression was caused by the rumor of with every prospect of continuing so. £24 17s. 6d. for ordinary brands, and £25 American spelter on offer in the English Moreover it was known that continental 17s. 6d. for specials. market. Prices varied, with fully £i mar¬ producers had already sold at relatively June showed no improvement; the Lon¬ gin between spot and forward metal. The high prices for delivery in the second don market was dull and uninteresting, close was at £19 los. for good ordinaries, quarter of the year; but these favorable consumers’ orders being eagerly competed and £19 155. for special brands. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL, January 25, 1908.

The Deposition of Flue Dust above the feed floor is connected to the chamber, in the space marked “50 ft." flue leading from the main dust chamber, on the blue print, are the ore bins for which on the drawing is marked “18 ft. the blast furnaces, on the top of which are By Charles F. Shelby* wide." This produces a draft at the base railroad tracks on which the ore comes in, of the stack of an approximate average and as this entire space is filled up with The accompanying engraving and table of I in. of water, which at the further- these bins, it can be seen at a glance what give some results made in connection with most furnace amounts to only o.i in. and an undertaking it would be to make any the study of flue dust deposition and its at the two central furnaces to about 0.3 changes in this balloon flue during operat- sizes at different distances from the fur¬ in. The furnaces are hand-fed, and by ing times. naces at Cananea. Some further data reason of the speed with which they are It is the intention of the present man- that may be interesting in connection operated, the feed doors are open all the agement. however, to remove these ore therewith are the facts that 55 per cent, of the total flue dust is caught at the place marked “Sample No. i,” about 2 per cent, at “Sample No. 2” and 28 per cent, at samples 3, 4, 5 and 6 (the major portion of this 28 per cent, being caught almost directly beneath the cross-over flue), and the remaining 15 per cent, at the point represented by samples 7, 8, 9 and 10. In the table showing the percent¬ age of flue dust left on the various sizes of screen, attention is at once attracted to the great disagreement of the percent¬ DORt D!:4r}i.Sl)0Uti age on loo-mesh as compared with the remainder. This is accounted for in a different manner of weaving the wire screen on which the 80-mesh was sup¬ posed to have been taken, and after all these results were tabulated and this dis¬ crepancy noticed a microscopic examina¬ tion was made of the screens, which showed that the 8o-mesh was in reality almost equivalent to a lOO-mesh screen; 8ample< and if these tw’O columns are put together and called loo-mesh the table can be con¬ sidered correct. At the time the samples were taken, Sample No. Ditt.from Furnacei Dtricriptlon

and previously thereto, six of the eight 1 2& ft. 1Oompoflcted from Entire Lenirtli of Bal)

proximately 14,000 cu.ft. of free air per STUDY OF FLUE DUST SIZES AT VARYING DISTANCES FROM FURNACES OF CANANEA minute, or 200 ft. per sq.ft, of hearth area, CONSOLIDATED COPPER COMPANY against which the material in the furnace produces a back pressure of about 18.5 oz. per sq.in. The hight of the column time, which doors run the entire length bins and build a brick dust chamber of in the furnace is from about 9 to 10 ft., of one side of the furnace, the opening approximately 500 ft. cross-sectional area and this low pressure with the degree of being about 30 inches high. paralleling, and the entire length of, the fineness of the charge is maintained by The various areas through which the eight furnaces shown. This dust chamber reason of the maximum number of gases have to pass are not correct. The will be connected with the main dust tuyeres, which are of large diameter, and balloon flue was first built to serve a few chamber shown by large goose necks corn- an eternal vigilance in seeing that they small furnaces, but by reason of other ing out of the top, and of ample area, are kept open and free. A stack 19 ft. work that was considered of more import- so that the plant will really have a primary in diameter and approximately 200 ft. ance, and other complications, it has never and a secondary dust chamber; and by been changed and has simply been added leason of the fact that the primary dust • Superintendent of reduction division, to as the plant has grown. Located be- chamber will be of good dimensions itself, Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, tween this balloon flue and the main dust the greater portion of the dust will be col- Cananea, Sonora, Mexico. January 2$, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 205 lected here, and then the gases in hav¬ stalled a washery, where the coarse ore, The Hill Ore Lands. ing to rise out of this chamber and de¬ carrying a large proportion of free sand In connection with this work has been scend into the other will not carry with closely intermingled and attached, was the final leasing of the so-called “Hill them the amount of dust that they would broken and jarred and washed till the lands” on the western Mesabi range, were these two chambers connected on the bulk of this sand was carried away in the which was concluded late the past sum same level. Then there will be very little tailings. This method lost a considerable mer. These lands are owned in fee by work left for the second chamber to do; proportion of the finer ore, which enriched numerous parties, including the State of and it is hoped that the maximum effi¬ the tailings. The problem was to find Minnesota, and others, but were all ciency in settling dust will be obtained by some method that, while economical. bunched together in a transaction whereby the Oliver Iron Mining Company secured TABLE SHOWING FEB CENT. OF FLUE DUST LEFT ON THE VARIOUS SIZES OB' practically all that was left of the west¬ SCREENS. ern part of the range. Something under 200,000,000 tons of ore have been shown on NninlM’r Per Cent, Por Cent, Per Cent, Per Cent, Per Cent, Per Cent, Per Cent, Per Cent.! Throiifth Samplo. on 10. on 20. on 40. on 60. on 80. on 100. on 1.50. on 200. 1 •200. these lands, of which about half is owned, either in fee or lease, by the Great North¬ 1 0.8 11.2 16.2 ;t6.6 20.9 0.7 9.0 2.9 1 7 •2 0.2 2.2 8.2 37.4 30.6 0.5 13.5 5.0 2.4 ern road, and the rest by various parties, a nothing. 0.7 2.4 38.7 ;i5 6 0.3 11.2 7.3 3.9 4 0.7 3.2 42.7 25.4 0.2 16.9 7.2 4 7 of whom Pillsbury, Bennett & Longyear 5 0.2 0.6 16.1 38.7 0.3 27.2 9.0 7.9 are chief holders. Most of the ores on 6 0.1 0.2 15 3 35.0 0.1 29.0 11.7 8 6 7 nothing. nottiiiiK. 4.0 19.4 0.6 38.4 18 5 19.2 these lands are washable, so their acquire¬ 8 3.0 18.0 0.4 37.9 19.4 •21.3 9 1.6 16.4 0.4 :i6 0 20.4 , •23.2 ment was directly connected with the con¬ 10 0.3 4.6 0.4 2<.).0 27.6 j 38.1 centrating experiments at Coleraine; the Combine 80 and 100 mesh and call both 100 mesb, on account oi error in manufac¬ failure of one would have meant that this ture, or specification. vast tonnage was worthless until such time as 40 per cent, ore could be shipped to fur¬ this method. Other changes, of course, might reduce the losses to the point where naces and worked into steel. will also be made, but as this article is further refinements of the savings would intended primarily only as an explanation become uneconomical. That has been the of the results shown on the accompany¬ work of the past year. “Turbos,” or sup¬ CoNCENTR.\TION ON THE MeNOMINEE ing drawing, they are not mentioned here. plementary log washers, Hancock jigs, Another interesting experiment in con¬ settling tanks, classifiers, etc., have been centration is now in progress on the Me¬ added from time to time, and the prob¬ nominee range, under the charge of John lem seems now solved by the addition Operating Changes in the Lake T. Jones, a mining engineer who has im¬ of the turbos and the jigs. The losses pressed his skill on the Lake Superior re¬ Superior Iron Mines of fine ore have been reduced to a very gion for many years. Great bodies of lean small percentage, while the costs of opera¬ magnetic ores exist in that district, and By Dwight E. Woodbridge* tion have not been increased to the point these are to be crushed and concentrated where the saved ore does not more than by magnetic processes, including some In a previous article I reviewed the pay for itself. new devices, eliminating the jasper and, production and progress of the iron-ore to some extent, the phosphorus. By sub¬ mines of the Lake Superior region in The Canisteo District. sequent semi-roasting the concentrates are 1907. This is supplemented herewith by While a certain share of the ores found partially oxidized. The projectors of this some account of recent and prospective in the Canisteo district are suitable for plan have great hopes of changing the sit¬ changes in methods of operating the shipment without treatment, the tonnage uation on the Old Ranges and bringing mines and handling the ores. that must be washed is enormous, and the into the available reserves immense ton¬

Concentration Experiments. preparations made for mining and ship¬ nages of ores now considered worthless. By their nearness to market and the ease An interesting feature of the year was ment have been on a vast scale. Probably of mining the cost of the roasted concen¬ found in the concentrating experiments. not less than $6,000,000 have so far been trates will be quite low; indeed they ex¬ The most important of these is that con¬ expended on the Canisteo district, in the ducted by the Oliver Iron Mining Com¬ construction of railway lines, the stripping pect to deliver these ores at lower lake pany on the West Mesabi. While this is of mines and building of towns, and in the ports for less than $3 a ton. These ex¬ by no means new, changes were intro¬ experiments with concentration. One periments have not yet progressed beyond duced in the work this year that seem unit of what will in time be a plant ca¬ preliminary stages, but semi-hematite to have solved the question of the con¬ pable of treating upward of 10,000 tons nodular ores of fine character have been centration of the sandy ores of the west¬ of ore per day has been erected for these produced. ern end of that range. When the Oliver experiments. It is not yet determined how soon big mining operations will be con¬ company took over the Canisteo district, Electric Plants. where perhaps as great ore deposits exist ducted on these lands, and it may be an¬ Aside from the Oliver company’s vari¬ as anywhere in the world—possibly great¬ other year or two before the tonnage ous developments to which reference has er than the famous Hibbing region just taken from the Canisteo region will be been made, the installation of a complete east—it was upon the belief that these at all commensurate with the magnitude underground electrical equipment for the lean ores could be economically treated of the enterprise. But by the successful Penn Iron Mining Company,- at its Norway to remove the excess of silica at a charge outcome of these experiments a tonnage and Vulcan properties, is most interest¬ that would not bear too heavily on the of hundreds of millions of tons of what, ing. This company has a group of mines ore. The company first secured practically when washed, is desirable iron ore, has producing about 500,000 tons a year, whose the entire region covering these ores, add¬ been added to the reserves of the Mesabi fuel costs are said to be reduced $110,000 ing an enormous tonnage to its reserves, district. No small degree of credit is due per annum by this installation. A water and knew that what remained in the dis¬ President T. F. Cole and his Duluth and power on the Sturgeon river, four or five trict would come to it, and no one else, Eastern associates for their courage in miles from the mines, was developed for when the proper time came. It then in- acquiring these lands and in their energy and persistence in carrying forward the a head of 40 ft., and wheels driving 3700- kw. revolving field generators were placed. *MiDing engineer, Duluth, Minnesota. experiments mentioned. 206 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. Mining and Smelting at Cerro de Pasco, Peru Modern Methods of Copper Production Are of Recent Introduction in a District Formerly the Field of a Great Silver Industry CLARENCE C^ SAMPLE*

The rocks of Cerro de Pasco, the cop¬ ^eins of ore, but considering the deposit or copper but occasionally some are found per district in the Peruvian Andes, include as a whole it appears to be a huge stock- with considerable silver in which case the scdimentaries of Jurassic and Cretaceous w'ork. Taking any mineralized fissure in¬ copper tenor is higher also. Below the age. The series is made up of calcareous dividually it might be considered as a pipe btonces are the pavonados, complex mix¬ conglomerates, sandstones, slates, lime¬ or continuous vein according to the man¬ tures of sulphide ores with tetrahedrite stones and quartzites. The different ner and extent of mineralization; so also and rich silver minerals. These often con¬ strata were laid down upon each other could the impregnated rock be mistaken tain as much as 20 per cent, copper and uncomformably, and were subsequently for a bedded deposit. The fissures in 8 or 9 kg. silver per metric ton. disturbed so that at present they dip east¬ most cases were not completely filled with The primary ores below w'ater level are ward at a high angle and strike north and metallic minerals, but rather these were made up of pyrite, chalcopyrite, blende, south. concentrated in certain zones so that the tetrahedrite, bornite, and arsenopyrite. Between the limestones and slates there ore lies in the veins in lenses or pipes sur¬ They contain small amounts of silver with is a wide belt occupied by an intrusion of rounded by a clayey or chalcedonic matrix. mere traces of gold. Very commonly dacite. The dacite is composed of small It is stated by Raimondi that the entire there is a zone near the water level where phenocrysts of plagioclase, biotite and orebody is underlain by diorite which the transition from sulphides into sul¬ quartz in a felsitic ground mass, ortho- here, as in other districts in Peru, has phates, carbonates and oxides is seen in clase, apatite and magnetite being present mineralized the deposit. all stages and upon an extensive scale. as accessory minerals. The eastern side The ore zone seems to have been shat¬ Galena is frequently found in clusters of of the dacite intrusion has suffered severe tered again after mineralization. The crystals and is highly argentiferous;

SMELTER STACK, LA FUNDICION POWER PLANT, CERRO DE PASCO shattering, alteration and metamorphism, transition from altered and metamor¬ native copper is rarely found in small so that the characteristics of the original phosed rock above to scdimentaries below plates; cuprite, malachite and azurite are igneous rock have been completely is often very sudden, but no plane of con¬ abundant in amorphous masses; bourno- changed. It is quite possible that at the tact can be traced for any considerable nite is frequently found, also copper and extreme eastern side of the metamor¬ distance. The caving of the old workings iron sulphate, in well-defined crystals, in phosed zone and in contact with and be¬ has added greatly to the difficulty of a zones above the water level. The ores low the limestones, there were, before the study of the orebody. vary so much in composition that lists of intrusion of the dacite, beds of sandstone The orebodies outcrop as great ridges analyses are likely to be misleading. and slate. The metamorphism has com¬ or crestones. For the upper 200 or 300 pletely altered the original form of such ft. they are brightly colored and much Composition of Ores beds, so that now they cannot be distin¬ altered by oxidizing waters. The surface Silica in combination with basic oxides guished from the altered sides of the ores are called pacos or cascajos. These is present only in small amounts; as fine igneous intrusion. are bright red in color and consist of a crystals or grains of quartz, it makes up The shattering of the rock opened num¬ silicious skeleton material impregnated most of the gangue of the ore. It varies erous fissures, ramifying in all directions with oxide of iron, and to a less extent, from a few per cent, in the purer pieces and reaching in some instances far into with copper. They contain usually at of pyrite ores up to 70 per cent, and more the limestones. Vein-forming and ^ilici- least 300 to 500 grams of silver per metric in the cascajos. The ores smelted in the ous solutions have impregnated the softer ton. The pacos were the ores usually various furnaces contain an excess of sil¬ and more porous rock with mineral and treated in the old patio process. Immedi¬ ica which requires the addition of lime¬ filled the fissures. Raimondi notes the ex¬ ately below the pacos and above the water stone as a flux. From 35 to 40 per cent., istence of beds, pipes and continuous level are found the bronces. These are I believe, is a fair average of the silica extensive and consist of nearly pure iron in the majority of the ores smelted. •Bluefields, Nicaragua. pyrites. They rarely contain much silver Iron is present in the surface ores as January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 207 hydrated ferric and ferrous oxide; in the to 3 per cent, and upwards. Arsenic oc¬ these iajos breaks off and falls to the bot¬ sulphide ores as pyrite, chalcopyrite and curs as ar,senopyrite and probably in com¬ tom. The caved ground gave new en¬ magnetite. The iron content varies from bination with both silver and copper. The trances and exits to the workings, and to¬ 14 per cent, in the cascajos to 27 per cent, amount varies about the same as antimony. day the tunnels are seen in the sides of or more in the sulphides. Lime and mag¬ Silver is found in all amounts from zero the tajos perhaps 100 ft. above the bottom nesia in the form of carbonates seldom run to I per cent. It occurs native and in of the pit and equally as far below the above 4 per cent, for combined CaO and combination with sulphur, antimony and edge of the uncaved ground. MgO. Alumina is found in amounts up perhaps arsenic. According to Hodges More modern methods are now being , to 6 or 7 per cent, in combination with 85 per cent, of the silver in the surface adopted. The mines are entered through silica or as clay. Manganese is reported ores is native. The cascajos or surface vertical shafts from which the levels in amounts seldom exceeding 0.5 per cent. ores alone were treated by the patio pro¬ branch off at regular intervals. Pillars The sulphur varies greatly. It is 2 or 3 cess and ores containing less than 1400 are left wherever possible in poor ground, per cent, in the oxidized ores, increasing grams per metric ton were considered too and the workings are filled with waste to 35 or 40 per cent, in the purer lumps of poor to treat at a profit by this method. after the ore is taken out. Timber is pyrite ores which are roasted in kilns. Gold is not found in consequential brought into the country at great expense From 26 to 35 per cent, would include the amounts. Bismuth is reported in all ores and is used only in lining the shafts and limits of sulphur content of most of the up to 0.2 per cent. Thallium has been more important tunnels. Water in great pyrite ores that are smelted. found in the bullion from several mines, quantities is found 300 to 400 ft. below the Zinc as blende is reported, but not in and nickel has been reported in traces. surface. The pumps are kept going con¬ quantities sufficient to cause annoyance to tinuously, and in some mines the pumping the smelters. To my knowledge 8 per Old .\nd New Methods of Mining capacity is such that an interruption of cent, is the highest amount of zinc that has The mines of Cerro de Pasco are not three hours would drown out the lower been found. Lead occurs as carbonate and mentioned by any of the early historians levels. sulphate in the surface ores and as galena of Peru, although accounts are given of During the past 40 years there have been in the deeper zones. In certain veins the the working of the silver mines of Porco many schemes for driving an adit to drain amount of galena is considerable and is and Potosi in Bolivia, and of the quick- all the mines. Henry Meiggs was granted

BACK OF FURNACE BUILDING, LA FUNDICION SMELTER AND CONVERTER BUILDING, CERRO DE PASCO

very argentiferous. Such ore is usually silver mines in Huancavelica, with details a concession for such a project about 1868, separated from the regular run of mine. of the methods of extracting the metals for which he was to receive all mining Some lots, containing as much as 8 or 10 from their ores. The earliest date of claims not denounced at the time, and a per cent, of lead, go to the copper furn¬ working the Cerro de Pasco mines is 1630. royalty of from 25 to 75 per cent, on all aces but this is exceptional. The usual From that time until 1893 they were ex¬ ore taken from existing mines that would amount is 6 per cent, or less. ploited continuously for silver. be drained by the adit. Several short The copper content of the ores varies The method of mining first adopted was drainage tunnels have been driven but at between wider limits than any of the con¬ by quarrying or open cuts which were car¬ present they are caved and useless. A stituents except silica. In the cascajos it ried from the surface downward in the company was formed several years ago is often present only in traces and reaches cascajos in a series of descending terraces. which had for its object the construction its highest value in the pavonados. The Later tunnels were run, always inclined of a drainage tunnel deeper than the deep¬ accompanying table conveys a very good downward or zig-zagging back and forth est mine workings but as far as I know no idea of the average copper content of the and downward, but never on a level. When work has yet been begun. ores smelted at different works. bonanzas of ore were found great cham¬ Ore Treatment by the Patio Process PERCENTAGE OF COPPER IN ORES SMELTED bers were excavated, leaving pillars in the AT PERUVIAN WORKS. poorer or barren parts of the vein. In Although the mines of Cerro de Pasco Averane many of the workings these chambers were not worked until the patio process Works. Year. % Cu. were hollowed out so large and left so had been well perfected in other places, a El Triunfo. 1898 16-17 Snn .lacliito. 1899 8— 9 entirely without support that the ground short account of the early methods of the Hunracaca. 1899 20—ZS San Miguol. 1900 i:i—16 caved, opening enormous pits often sev¬ Indians and Spaniards may be of interest Tiualiuaroa. 1906 12 eral hundred feet across. These pits are Garcilasso de la Vega in his Royal Com¬ Antimony occurs in nearly all ores usu¬ called tajos and some of them have fallen mentaries says, “The Inca kings had a ally as tetrahedrite and in combination to a depth of 300 ft. below the surface. knowledge of quicksilver but were unac¬ with silver. The amounts vary from 0.25 Now and then a portion of the sides of quainted with the nature and use of it 2o8 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. and only admired the lively and quick mo¬ axle driven by a horizontal water wheel and soon there were a dozen or more tions of it. However, having observed placed in a vault below the paved ground small plants in the town of Cerro de some certain noxious qualities and effects around which the stone rolls moved. After Pasco. which it produced, such as stupefactions, grinding) the ore was placed in circular, Ores running above 30 per cent, copper palsies and trembling of the nerves, the enclosed stone courts, moistened, and were sent directly to Europe or to the kings, whose first care was the safety of mixed with salt; magistral, an impure cop¬ smelters at Yauli or Casapalca. Lower- the people, did absolutely forbid their sub¬ per sulphate, was then added, and later the grade ores were reduced to matte, which jects to use or meddle with it: and they requisite amount of mercury. Mules were was shipped. These small plants con¬ being so possessed with an apprehension driven through the pulp to incorporate the sisted of reverberatory roasters for the of its noxious qualities abhorred it to a de¬ mixture thoroughly, and kept there until fine ores, fired by taquia or dry llama gree, as not to think it worthy of thought the extraction of the silver had gone as dung. The coarser sulphide ores were or word; so that they had no name for far as possible. The ore pulp was then roasted in Guyer kilns with only such fuel quicksilver.” washed out of the courts by a stream of as was required to ignite them. The The mines of Potosi were discovered water through ditches paved with stone in roasted ores whose sulphur content had April 21, 1545, a few months before the which were wells for catching the mercury been reduced to 10 per cent, were melted first Spaniard commenced mining. Before and amalgam. After cleaning, the amalgam down to matte in reverberatory furnaces this time mining and the extraction of sil¬ was retorted in the usual manner. fired with bituminous coal or shale from ver had gone on for a long tine at Porco. The plain of Junin, near the old town the mines near the town of Cerro de Here dry silver ores were mixed with of Pasco, about 15 miles south of Cerro, Pasco. Limestone was added to the argentiferous lead and the mixture placed was the site of a surprisingly large num¬ charge for a flux. The slags were in crucibles which at night were heated in ber of these old patio haciendas. The usually very silicious and contained i to fires kept hot by natural draft of the dates on the buildings run from 1803 to 1.5 per cent, copper. The mattes pro¬ moderate gales which blew up the sides of 1893. Some of these works were of enor¬ duced contained 50 to 55 per cent, cop¬ the mountains after the sun had set. “It mous extent, inclosed by high stone walls. per with a considerable amount of silver.

was a pleasant sight in those days,” says with dwelling houses for the workers, In 1898 an American syndicate became the Inca historian, “to see, eight, ten, plant buildings, assay offices and churches. interested in a large number of the Cerro twelve, or fifteen thousand of these fires They appear as veritable villages from a de Pasco mines. The Oroya road was burning all at the same time upon the little distance. The frequency with which completed, an active campaign of mine sides of the mountain, ranged in order one one comes upon these plants is astonish¬ development inaugurated, and an exten¬ by the other.” The bullion obtained from ing. It is not a question of seeing two sive reduction works planned to be the smelting in the mountains was cupelled or three in a short ride, but one goes erected at Tinahuarca, seven miles from in the houses of the Indians; they could out of one into another continuously for the town of Cerro. not, however, separate the silver from the hours at a time. gold. The Huaracaca Smelter The mines of quicksilver in Huancave- Early Copper Smelters The first smelter to have a blast fur¬ lica had long been known to the Indians, After the fall in the price of silver in nace, was that of Eulogio Fernandini, at but it was not until 1567 that the Portu¬ 1893, Cerro de Pasco continued produc¬ Huaracaca, on the San Juan river, about gese assay master, Enrique Garces, recog¬ ing until, in 1897, the Government re¬ nine miles from Cerro de Pasco. The nized the ore as that of mercury. In 1571 fused to coin any more of the metal. plant consists of one water-jacket fur¬ Fernandez de Velasco came to Peru from When silver mining was at its hight the nace, 4x2 ft., with three tuyeres on each Zacatecas, Mexico, and there introduced copper ores were only valued as a source side; one Brown roaster, 90x14 ft; two the amalgamation process for dry silver of magistral. Large quantities of high- turret roasters, 24 ft. in diam.; six Guyer ores. grade copper ores had been left in the kilns for roasting lump ores, and a In Peru in preparation for the patio workings, which also contained no small briqueting mill of 50 tons capacity. process the ores were pulverized in Chilean amount of silver. Late in 1897 a new era Power is supplied by Leffel turbines mills. The rolls, cut from granite, were was begun when Senores Aza and Rivera operating under a 17-ft. head. Blast is often 10 ft. in diameter with a breadth of erected a small reverberatory furnace and supplied by a No. 3 Green blower. 18 in. Two such rolls were mounted on a commenced smelting the copper ores to A small concentrating plant is also horizontal cross bar fastened to a vertical matte. Others followed their example operated to produce silver concentrates January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 209

from ores low in copper. The plant con¬ sampling device is mounted directly over . above them for storing the clay. The sists of one Dodge crusher, three stamps a Smaller crusher, which sampler may be quartz is brought from the bin in the of 850 lb. weight, one four-compartment so adjusted as to send any desired por¬ 'sampling mill by cars running over a Hartz jig, one No. 3 ball mill, two Frue tion of the ore into the waste launder. wooden trestle. vanners, and four other concentrating The ore from the second crusher passes tables. through another similar sampling device, Power Equipment The ores, consisting of sulphides, thence into a pair of i8x36-m. rolls. The In the boiler house are eight 250-h.p. oxides and ferruginous material, average sample from the rolls is mixed and re¬ Babcock & Wilcox boilers. These at first 20 per cent, copper, 75 oz. silver, and 30 duced by hand and is sent to the drying burned soft coal, but are now arranged to 35 per cent, sulphur. The fine ores room. The portion of the ore rejected to burn gas from the coke ovens. The are roasted in Brown and turret furnaces by the samplers falls into chutes which boiler stack is nearly as high and as large fired with taquia. The coarse ores are feed to a second elevator that discharges as the smelter stack. burned in the Guyer kilns without fuel, into a bin in the top of the mill, from The power house is directly in front their sulphur being reduced to 12 to 15 which ore may be drawn off into a car of the boiler building. In it are three per cent. The blast furnace melts 30 standing on the elevated track. The mill No. II Root blowers driven by cross¬ tons of roasted ore and briqueted silver is provided with an extra set of rolls and compound Nordberg engines. There is a concentrates per day, with the necessary a pair of trommels for grinding quartz large Nordberg blowing engine fOr Sup¬ limestone flux. Coke from Quishuarcan- for the converters. There is a third bin plying the converter blast and an air com¬ cha or Gollariquisca, 21 miles away, is in the sampling mill for the storage of pressor for operating the air cylinders used in the furnace. The coke costs $20 this quartz. which lift and lower the furnace doors, to $25 at the mines or $30 delivered at The charge cars are drawn about by bin gates and dump the charge cars. The the smelter. The coke is 10 to 15 per a dinkey locomotive on a standard gage works are lighted by electric current and cent, of the charge. German coke has track. They run along each side of the the motors in the sampling mill and been imported, and though .costing $40 furnaces and dump directly. Two cars cranes in the foundry and furnace build¬ per ton, a much smaller ami^nt suffices on’ each side at a time constitute a charge. ings are electrically driven. The power ' to do the smelting. From 9 'to 10 tons There are four furnaces 168x54 in. at is supplied by two small dynamos, and a of matte are produced daily, averaging the tuyeres. These are the Montana type large Westinghouse 7S0-kw. alternator. 60 to 65 per cent, copper and 250 oz. of of water-jacket furnace with brick-lined Three-phase alternating current at 220- silver. The slag and 'matte separate in hearth and crucible. Their estimated volts is delivered to all points about the the furnace and are tapped out ■ intermit¬ capacity is 500 tons daily. The furnaces works. tently. The slag .carries about 0.5 per are set end to end‘in the building and The blast machinery in the power house cent, copper. each is provided with a spout at each end • is equipped with fly wheels grooved for so as to be able to discharge into either rope drive in case electric power should The Tinahuarca Smelter of the two i6-ft. settlers. These settlers later be used. The smelter of the Cerro de Pasco Min¬ are between the furnaces and there are The foundry is furnished with a small ing Company is situated at La Fundicion, five of them. Compressed air is used for cupola for melting pig iron, a drying near the old town of Tinahuarca and raising and lowering the furnace doors room, capacious casting floor and over¬ about seven miles from the mines at and for dumping the charge cars. head electric crane. The machine and Cerro de Pasco. The plant, which was The downtakes enter a brick flue situ¬ carpenter shops are all well equipped blown in early in 1906, occupies a ter¬ ated under the yard tracks and between and do all the work for the smelter, raced site on the side of a hill. All the the furnace building and the ore bins. mines and railroad. buildings are of steel frame covered with The flue leads off at right angles to the There are 72 beehive coke ovens. The corrugated iron. ore bins and passes under them at about gases are collected in a central flue and The plant consists of 12 ore bins, each their center. The flue continues several delivered to the boiler house to be used of 2000 tons capacity; a sampling mill, hundred feet up the hill to a steel stack, as fuel. A moving platform runs along power house, boiler house, furnace and 220 ft. high and 20 ft. in diameter. each side of the bank of ovens upon converter building, warehouse, foundry, The slag overflowing from the settlers which the coke is drawn. The coal comes carpenter and machine shop, office build¬ is granulated by a stream of water which from the company mines at Vin-chus- ing, laboratory and the houses of the em¬ carries it out of the building and over cancha, Quishuarcancha and Gollarisqui- ployees. The plant treats ores from the the dump. The matte is tapped into iron sca. At these places there are extensive company mines at Cerro de Pasco and ladles and carried by an electric crane beds of a poor variety of bituminous coal. Morococha, as well as custom ores. across the building to the converters. The ash runs about 13 per cent, volatile' The ore bins run parallel to the furnace There are four converter stands. The matter 20 per cent., and fixed carbon from building and are about 50 ft. further up converters are of the upright pattern and 40 to 60 per cent. The coal contains a the side of the hill. They are flat-bot¬ are tilted hydraulically. The slag from considerable amount of pyrites in balls tomed, built of steel and lined with a jhe converters is poured off into ladles and disseminated through it. Coal wash- double thickness of 2-in. plank. The ore which are taken further up the building, eries are to be erected to clean the coal trains run in on tracks directly over the where the slag is poured into cast-iron before coking. Native labor at this plant bins. The floor of the bins is some 15 ft. molds. The slag is broken up and fed is paid 62c. per day and upwards. Wher¬ higher than the feed floor ground, so that to a crusher which discharges into a ever possible, mechanical means are used the charge cars may run on a track bucket elevator. This lifts the crushed to replace labor. This is not because directly under and alongside and allow slag to a storage bin on the feed floor, the labor is expensive, but because it is the ore to be loaded on the cars by to be used later as part of the smelting inefficient chutes. The tracks on the top of the bins charge. are extended on an elevated structure to The blister copper is poured into molds the sampling mill, where the ore to be mounted on a low car running under the According to a consular report the sampled is dropped into a steel hopper converter stand. These mold cars are Balukissar and Scios antimony mines in just below the track. moved back and forth hydraulically. The Asia Minor are not now worked on ac¬ The hopper feeds into an i8x24-in. jaw shipping platform is in the same build¬ count of the low price of the metal. The crusher and the ore falls into a steel ing back of the converters. There are ores from these mines are sold on analysis chain-bucket elevator, which carries it to two pan mills for grinding and mixing the and show usually 50 to 55 per cent, anti¬ the top of the building. An automatic converter lining, with two large bins mony. i

210 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908.

The London Lead Market in metal for early delivery became gradually ume of business was restricted, prices more acute until, about the middle of the drooped and closed at £19 7s. 6d.@£i8 iSs. 1907 month, spot lots commanded a premium for foreign brands, and £20@£i9 los. for of £i' iss. per ton. Consumers also English. Special Correspondence bought largely for July and August, and September found the metal markets a fair export trade helped to support generally depressed, lead being the only On the resumption of business after the prices. The tendency at the close was exception. Quantities on sale were very holidays there were early signs of weak¬ buoyant, with foreign brands at £19 iss. limited, and consumers had some difficulty ness in metals generally, caused mainly @ £21, according to time of delivery, and in covering early requirements. The scarc¬ by uneasiness in the money market. English at £20 15s. @ £21 5s. per ton. ity of spot metal was manifest throughout About the middle of the month prices im¬ July opened with an irregular market, the month, prices starting at £19 15s. and proved, prompted by fair consumptive de¬ though with considerable business with finishing at £21 los.: forward delivery be¬ mand, particularly in America, whence consumers as well as for export. Scar¬ ing obtainable at prices starting from £18 also the supply for the English market city^ of supply became more acute by rea¬ 15s. and finishing at £19 los. was correspondingly diminished. This son of arrivals being retarded, with the October opened under the preceding improvement was gradually lost as buyers result that £21 15s. was paid on spot conditions, spot metal commanding £21 became* more reserved; and the month foreign, forward delivery commanding 15s.; but the premium thus established closed with values at £19 15s. for Spanish £20 5s. The tension soon relaxed and the brought out several sellers, while the rel¬ lead, £20 for English. easement encouraged sellers to make con¬ atively low price for distant delivery February found the market sufficiently cessions for forward delivery. Con¬ caused mistrust, and prices moved very ir¬ supplied and unprepared for some heavy sumers held aloof, occasionally coming regularly but generally downward. Con¬ arrivals which, in conjunction with bear selling, brought down the price. There¬ after prices were nearly stationary, closing at £19 los. @ £19 I2S. 6d. per ton for foreign, and 5s. more for English lead. March opened with a more active mar¬ ket and with depleted supply for early .de¬ livery. Prices advanced steadily without bringing any increased offerings, and the building season helped to promote trade and to strengthen values. On March 14 occurred the severe panic on the Stock Exchange whereby all commodities suf¬ fered, and prices persistently declined. Scarcity of material, however, sufficed to avert what might otherwise have been a sensational relapse in face of selling pres¬ sure. Closing values were £19 ss. @ £19 los. for foreign brands, and 5s. higher for English. April found the market steady in spite of persistent efforts to depress it, and a large consumptive demand from ali quarters soon raised prices*, up to £20 being paid for prompt delivery. Scarcity of supply became gradually more acute; demand for forward delivery being also active. The more pressing requirements LOOKING DOWN SHAFT NO. 3, INCLINED 25 DEG. FROM THE HORIZONTAL, being covered, there followed a lull, but OCT.WE MINE, ARIZONA the closing days of the month were active in business both for prompt and forward in to take advantage of further reductions sumers bought sparingly, and as demand delivery, and particularly for export, in price, or reluctantly paying full price diminished prices fell away. The scarcity while scarcity of supplies helped to re¬ for spot parcels when obliged to. Toward was meanwhile relieved by arrivals, store values which, at the close, stood at the end of the month supplies were more though without creating any surplus. £20 @ £20 7s. 6d. for foreign brands, and plentiful, and enterprise was checked by Thereafter till the end of the month trade £20 5s. @ £20 los. for English. the weakness in other metals. Prices was steadier: there was less pressure to May opened with arrivals which eased drooped accordingly, and the month sell for forward delivery, and more in¬ the pressure for prompt delivery and closed with foreign brands held for £19 clination to buy: and the difference be¬ caused some decline in prices. The ten¬ 5s. @ £19 15s., according to time of de¬ tween the two ranges of price was con¬ dency, however, was firm. Some brisk livery, and English for £19 los. to £20 los. siderably narrowed. Closing prices were buying for continental consumption was August opened with the market de¬ £18 los. for spot foreign and £17 los. for followed by heavy covering of bear sales pressed. Later renewed scarcity of prompt distant delivery: English brands £19 and and renewed scarcity for early delivery. supplies raised the price of spot foreign £18 los. respectively. Fancy prices were paid in some cases for brands to £20: but prices thereafter suf¬ November opened with a decline in prompt parcels. Closing prices were fered in sympathy with those of other prices, owinp; chiefly to financial strain. £19 17s. 6d. @ £20 los. for foreign metals. Trade requirements, however, Producers were not pressing to sell, but brands, according to time of delivery, and were sufficient to bring about a gradual speculators were eager to sell for forward £20 ss. @ £20 15s. for English. recovery up to Aug. 23, when scarcity of delivery: and demand was restricted. The . June was an active month throughout, spot lots was again acute, and foreign scarcity of prompt supply, however, main¬ notwithstanding wide-spread depression brands commanded £20 to £19 according tained the cash price much above the for¬ in other markets. The scarcity of the to time of delivery. Thereafter the vol-- ward price. This was not likely to be January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 211 permanent, and its gradual adjustment was The Octave Mine, Arizona ing which time there was an attempt to noticeable during the rest of the month as resume operations, the mine was sold to demand subsided and supplies arrived. the Octave Mining Company, a new cot- Closing prices were £16 for prompt By J. E. Russell* poration, which is now bringing the mine foreign brands, £15 17s. 6d. for forward back to ifs old standard and is shipping delivery, and English brands £16 5s. and The Octave mine is situated in the bullion. Development work has been £16 respectively. Weaver mining district, in southern Yav¬ pushed by the new company and new December opened with a fair volume of apai county, Arizona. It is the only mine bodies of ore have been developed. The business induced by the fall in prices and in the district which has been developed illustrations accompanying this article the restoration of something like normal sufficiently to prove whether or not it is show how the mine is equipped and de¬ conditions in the relative values of spot a mine. There are many other good veloped. and forward supplies. Consumers, how¬ prospects but few have been developed to The Octave mine produces gold alone,, ever, soon withdrew their support after a depth exceeding 30 ft, and many have about 60 per cent, of which is recovered- satisfying their more pressing require¬ only the usual lo-ft. hole. by amalgamation, and the remainder by ments which—in view of approaching holi¬ The mine was first brought to public concentration and cyaniding the tailings;, days and general stock-taking—were not notice in 1899 when a group of Pennsyl¬ the tailing from the cyanide plant aver¬ likely to be heavy. Moreover commerce in vania capitalists purchased the property, age about 30c. per ton. The ore is a general was overshadowed by persistent organized the Octave Gold Mining Com¬ hard white quartz, and is not easy to financial trouble. Early in the month prices pany and equipped the mine with a mod¬ crush but yields readily to treatment. The were depressed by large quantities said to ern stamp mill, containing 40 stamps, 10 vein averages about 30 in. wide and as¬ be offered for American account. A tem¬ concentrators, two hoisting plants capable says about $9 per ton. porary rally was quickly lost, the reac- of sinking to 2000 ft. upon the incline. The mine adjoins the famous Rich Hill,

MILL AND CYANIDE PLANT, OCT.WE MINING COMPANY, ARIZONA

tion coinciding with a bear raid on Broken a modern machine shop, an air compres¬ upon the top of which much placer gold Hill shares; and prices drifted downward sor capable of furnishing air for 24 ma¬ was found, and all of the gulches near to under pressure of a few sales in an unwill¬ chine drills, and one of the most complete the Rich Hill are still good placer ground. ing market until on Dec. 16, £13 was ac¬ cyanide plants in the Territory. The com¬ 1 here are many other good prospects in cepted for early delivery. This proved at¬ pany also proceeded to develop the mine this district, but thus far only the Octave tractive to numerous buyers who had long to a depth of 1850 ft. on the incline and has been developed. held aFoof, and at the close £14 was quoted to run drifts at 75-ft. intervals. The .for Spanish and £14 2s. 6d. for English levels were placed 75 ft. apart, because the According to the London Engineer the lead. lode is very flat, pitching only about 25 almost complete cessation of Government deg. from the horizontal. The mill has orders and the consequent inadequate sales The Engineering Times (Oct. 31, 1907) a capacity of 120 tons per day and the in the inland markets, has caused the Rus¬ describes a coal-loading contrivance con¬ mine kept it supplied continuously from sian copper-finishing works to devote sisting of a cylindrical tube in which a the beginning of operation in July, 1900, themselves to the cultivation of the ex¬ specially designed screw is rotated by a until March, 1905. The returns from port market. They have, therefore, ap¬ lo-h.p. electric motor. An inverted fun¬ shipments of bullion to the mint aggre¬ proached the Government, which has un¬ nel is fitted to one end of the tube into gate more than $1,500,000. dertaken to refund the amount of the duty wliich the coal is emptied. The action of In March, 1905, the mine was closed paid on raw copper when worked up into the screw transfers the coal to the upper owing to internal difficulties in the cor¬ manufactures for the export market. end; whence it falls through a funnel into poration. Up to this time none of the the holds or bunkers of vessels or other stock had been offered to the public. Af receptacles. It is claimed that coal can be ter a shutdown of about 15 months, dur Tungsten filament lamps will be manu¬ loaded by the use of this device at the rate factured in the United States more ex¬ of 30 tons per hour. . •Prescott, Arizona. tensively this year than formerly. 212 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. Coal Mining in Northumberland, England Methods Are Varied so as to Take Advantage of the Seams’ Cleavage and the Work Is Performed by Specialized Labor BY GEORGE RAYLTON DIXON

Before describing in detail the several ported at each end on props. Fig. i ward, toward him, and when he sticks in methods adopted in working out the coal, shows direction of cleat, and joints at his pick by a lever action he can break I will enter into some preliminary con¬ right angles to the cleat, also position of them. Fig. 2 shows a place advancing siderations : The direction of the lines timber to prevent falls of rock from be¬ across the lines of cleavage, and the posi¬ of cleavage is most important. In North¬ tween the joints. tion of supporting timber. umberland they are nearly vertical. The I have already referred to the pressure The miner’s progress will be slower influence of the cleat, when well defined, of the overlying rock pointedly, instead when advancing his place parallel with the may be understood by a comparison which of using the term weight, for it is a fact cleat. When working at right angles, must not be taken too literally, but will that they are not synonymous terms. To however, the “laths” above his head span serve as an illustration. understand this, the reader is asked to over the place, which, it will be found, Horizontally the strata are separated by think for a moment on the accepted will not need so much supporting well defined .planes of bedding of vary¬ theory of the formation of lines of timber. In view of the possibility of ex¬ ing distances apart. In Northumberland cleavage. posing the joints at right angles to the the strata are made up of sandstones, cleat, timber will be set. There will be a The Theory of the Formation of shiiies, fireclays, and coal; and it is sel¬ tramway into the place for the cars to run Cleavage Lines dom that a bed reaches any great thick¬ on, and the timber bars or planks must ness. The cleavage planes may be only a Cleavage lines have been created by the span this way. If the width of the place fraction of an inch apart, or may be sev¬ great lateral pressure of forces at right an¬ be increased, it will be found that it will eral inches. Shales develop a cleat much gles to their direction. It may happen that be easier kept good than a place of better than sandstones, and fine-grained these forces by later earth movement similar width running in the direction of

sandstones better than coarse-grained. In have been removed, but there is nO doubt the cleat. In such a Vvide j)lace, any fur¬ this connection it is proper to mention that often they have not. If then an ther planks will be most effective running that the immediate cover of the coal excavation is made in the rocks, the side parallel with its direction. They will seams is generally a shale in the area pressure will be most pronounced when serve to make the span less, and will thus tmder consideration. driving in the direction of the cleavage. keep the immediate cover from being Imagine the coal seam and all the con¬ Moreover the side pressure of the rock broken. taining rocks to be built up of long nar¬ above the excavation w'ill tend to make In this position they serve the further row pieces like slater’s laths. In the the roof of the excavation burst down¬ useful purpose of conveniently carrying seam, the miner, when using his pick, is ward, in the only direction in which it canvas brattice. A place driven in the •cutting at these strips or “laths.” When is free to move The side pressure in the same direction as the cleat is called a driving a place parallel with their longi¬ rocks below, will in the same way tend “headway,” and the direction of the cleat tudinal direction, he has to be contin¬ to thrust the bottom up. If the place is is spoken of as a “headway course.” A ually chopping off the projecting ends, driven wide the pressure on the timber¬ place driven at right angles to the cleat and he finds it hard work. The pressure ing will become considerable so that it is called a “bord.” A place having neither -of the overlying rock tends to break the will be expensive to keep good. of these definite directions is called a immediate roof, which, however, from its It is evident that the best position for “cross-cut.” •cantilever position, is strong to resist. supporting bars will be at right angles to Here we must bear in mind the fact the cleat. If the place is advancing at Methods of Working that there are joints at right angles to the right angles to the cleavage the forces In Northumberland the method of •.main cleavage planes, and if the miner above referred to are still in operation, working usually adopted was the “bord undercuts the coal so as to expose those but the miner is in a much better posT and pillar” system In the last 15 to 20 joints, the rock above will fall. Hence tion in regard to them. The pressure in years the “longwall” system has come into be puts in timber bars, or planks, sup¬ the strata causes the “laths” to bulge out¬ great vogue. There is still a tendency January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 215 to limit the application of longwall to settles down, crushing the packs. The vent in a horizontal direction, instead of scams in wliich the thickness of coal is function of the packs is to control the vertically downward. The pressure; of wa¬ below 3 ft. 6 in. In bord and pillar weighting of the overburden. It will be ter and gas in strata above the seam often working, the roads are all through solid seen that this overburden acts as a giant causes a bad roof, and a great deal of good coal. In pure longwall the roads are all lever. Its action may under certain con¬ may be done by putting boreholes up and through areas from which the coal has ditions be too severe, and will crush the thus releasing the pressure. I have known been extracted, called the “goaf.” In coal too rriuch. In other circumstances of cases where boreholes have been put up longwall, therefore, it is necessary to have its action may be too slight. This pres¬ into a weighting roof, and a great deal of stone of sufficient quantity and hardness sure can be controlled to a great extent good has resulted, and yet there was not to pack the sides of the roads with. by the amount of packing and its distri¬ any water present, and there was no sign In bord and pillar working, the coal is bution. Longwall lets down the over¬ of gas either before or after the holes were extracted in two operations. The first burden more evenly, and is not so likely bored. (that of dividing the coal into rectangular as bord and pillar working to disturb At some collieries where the longwall blocks by driving headways and bords), higher seams. It w'as formerly believed system has been adopted, the main rolley- is called “working the whole.” The sec¬ that when the top stone was bad, long¬ way is in the solid coal, that is, a strip of ond (that of taking out these rectangular wall was almost impossible. It was coal is left on each side of it for sup¬ blocks), is called “working the broken.” thought that with a tender roof it was port. When any coal is left in, in the In broken working, slices or lifts are necessary to have the roads in solid coal. longwall system, there is a departure from

FIG. 4 FIG. 5

taken off the pillars. Usually the cover is Influence of V.^rious Kinds of Roof pure longwall. It is impossible for the kept entire till the lift is up its distance. surface to settle evenly, hence more sur¬ Obviously, the distance the lift can be This idea is quite exploded. .Mmost any face damage is done then when all the driven depends on the extent to which the roof that can be worked under by the bord coal is taken away. The coal thus left is top can be carried. When the lift is up and pillar method, can be w'orked under by severely crushed and when finally secured, its distance the timber is drawn out and the longwall system. I have known of sev¬ is in a poor marketable condition. This the stone above falls. Fig. 4 is a photo¬ eral cases where narrow places were most is brought about in a great measure by the graph of a timber drawer at work. difficult to keep good, and yet when large circumstance that all the main rolleyways The next lift is then commenced. The areas of roof were exposed, in the pro¬ in the different seams are not in the same stone above the coal is thus dropped in cess of taking out the pillars, all difficulties position in plan. I am strongly in favor patches. The bight to which the fall goes vanished. This condition may be at¬ of removing all coal. varies according to the nature of the tributed to the fact that when the first Influence of Cle.\t in Longwall cover, but usually it is not far. fall of rock took place, there w’as a free In advancing longwall all the coal is face created for the remainder of the over- Let us now consider the influence of extracted in one operation Stone packs lying bed, other than the roof of the place. cleat in longwall working. When the di¬ are built under the roof, and it gradually The inherent pressure could therefore find rection of advance of the face is across 214 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. the planes of cleavage we say we are the cleat, for while a larger tonnage price good, but on say doubling the rate of ad- “working on the face.” When advancing will have to be paid to the miner, who will vance, there is an immediate improvement, parallel with the planes of cleavage we not be able to get in his shift as much The presence or absence of water is an- say we are “working on the end.” When coal as when advancing on the face, the other factor to be reckoned with, working on the face the coal is easy to extra selling price will more than com- It is supposed that the direction of the get, but the face is bad to keep. The roof pensate. There is another consideration lines of cleavage was the same at the time pressure springs out our imaginary “laths,” whereby even at a coking coal colliery it they were formed as the strike of the rocks whether of coal or stone, and helps in the may be necessary to work on end, and that cleaved. In Northumberland the direction displacement at the slips. If working to is when the cleavage lines, in coal and of strike is usually northeast by north, and the rise the stone .above has a tendency to stone, are so pronounced, that as the coal the cleat runs about northwest by west, fall away from the face. If working to face advances, the stone breaks off over The amount of dip is seldom more than i the dip the stone above has a tendency to the coal. There is then a want of pres- in 12, and I know of large areas where lie against the face. sure to help the miner. Our “laths” are it is i in 20. Therefore, the internal latent pressure not sprung out, and the miner says the From the preceding remarks it will be in the top stone, acting outward from the seam is winded. seen that there is room for considerable coal, is helped, or retarded, according to We speak of the width of coal each judgment on the part of the mining en-

FIG. 6 ' FIG. 7

whether the face is advancing to the rise, m.iner attacks as a face. We also speak of gineer, and it will be readily understood or to the dip. The result is that more face the whole line of workings as the face, that the considerations mentioned above and face road timber is needed when ad- But while each face may be advancing on may cause the direction of the advance of vancing to the rise. the face of the cleat as in Fig. 3 as one face to be different in mines not widely When advancing on the end, the coal is face leads another, the mean line of face separated geographically, and yet be the hard to get, but the immediate top stone is making a considerable angle with the best under the particular conditions of can be kept entire better. On the face, cleat. The effect of this is to counteract, each. the coal is weak to resist the pressure on to a considerable extent, the consequences The steam coal seams of Northumber- it, and it is consequently severely crushed, one would look for in working on the face, land are hard, and explosives are exten- If the coal is to be put on the market as a The angle this mean face line makes with sively used. It is generally considered that steam coal, this fs a most serious thing, the cleat is most important. before a shot is fired, there should be three the selling price of large coal being much free faces, in any seam above 3 ft. thick, more than small. In the case of coking Effect of Speed in Development Below that thickness there must be two coal, the small is as valuable as the large. free faces. The process of making the It will be seen then, that where the ob- The speed with which the face advances vertical cut necessary to make a free face ject of the management is to get as much is another important factor in the success- parallel with the direction of the place is large coal as possible, it may be necessary ful working of longwall. A face, and the called “nicking.” Fig. 5 is a photograph to have the face advancing on the end of face roads may have been bad to keep of a miner engaged at this work. January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 21S

Undercutting and Firing to make hight, setting permanent timber Ail-Steel Car for Coal Mines The process of making the free face on main roads, etc. Timbermen, riders parallel with the roof and floor is called and shifters, who are less skilled than The'mine car shown in the accompany¬ kirving. Fig. 6 shows a miner kirving in stonemen, who do repairs on face roads, ing engraving is one of a lot of 40c to the bottom of the seam. The kirving is clear away fallen stone, build packs, etc., be supplied to the New River Pocahontas made in the most convenient place in the with and under the direction of stonemen. Coal Company by the Arthur Koppel The hewers draw lots every three scam, or in the stone immediately above Company. The car is of all-steel con¬ or below. It is obvious that in the pro¬ months for the different places in the pit. struction ; the hight above the top of cess of nicking and kirving a great deal This is called “caveling.” Previous to the the rail is 30 in.; its capacity, 57J4 cu. caveling the manager may let winning of small coal is made. An average hewer ft., and the gage 44 inches. places, or other special places as bargains. in nicking in a seam, say 4 ft. thick, A special feature in the design is em¬ The lowest tender gets the place. In these cuts back 2 ft. 9 in.; the width‘of the nick¬ bodied in the round buffer, which is con¬ places the men tender, and are paid, a ing at the front side is 16 in. to 18 in. structed of channel steel having a small In kirving the same distance, the depth of speeding price per yard, in addition to the prevailing price per ton. The men usually depth and wide flanges. At the ends, this the cut at the front is about 18 in. The channel is curved and it projects beyond nicking serves for the full width of the work in sets of four. They put on a com¬ mon token and share their earnings. the car, so as to give clearance between place; hence on that score alone, there is the corners of the cars on curves. The a great advantage in hewing in a wide There are two shifts of hewers to one of putters, and others engaged in trans¬ bumper channel is continuous through place as compared to a narrow place. the body of the car, forming a buffing When a miner by nicking and kirving porting the coal to the shaft. The first shift column which takes the end shocks met has prepared enough coal to fire a shot, he of hewers commences at 3130 a.m. The in service, from car to car, without trans¬ says he has prepared a “jud.” He next rolleymen and lads go to work at 6 when mitting the whole strain to any one par¬ drills a hole for the explosive charge. Fig. the pit starts coal work. The putters go in ticular car. This feature is similar* to 7 shows him in the act, and the style of at 7. The second shift commence at 10 that used in standard railroad practice. drill used is plainly seen. When he re¬ o’clock and relieve their partners or “mar¬ quires his drills sharpened, he takes them rows” in the face. They return to the The overhang on the sides gives the to the surface. It may be mentioned that shaft bottom before 5 p.m. when all car a large capacity, and its rounded cor¬ the mine owner pays the drill sharpener. The pick sharpeners are paid by the men. The explosive used is generally black powder made up into a loose cartridge by the miner before he goes into the pit. The charge is fired by a squib. The miner finds the powder, and also his candles. Where safety lamps are in use the light is of course in accordance with the coal mines regulation act supplied by the mine owner. Labor is Specialized The labor in Northumberland and Dur¬ THE KOPPEL STEEL CAR FOR USE IN COAL MINES ham mines is probably specialized to a greater extent than any other coal field. classes engaged in getting or conveying ners facilitate the discharge of the load. The main classes of labor are as follows; coal come to the surface. The door is of the lift type. The wheels, Hewers, who spend all their time in get¬ The stonemen go to work at 6 p.m., axles and bearings are of a special self- ting coal, and nothing else. They are and the shifters an hour or perhaps two oiling type, the wheels being 16 in. in paid a price per ton. Putters, who are hours later. They work an eight hour diameter. A device attached to the bot¬ strong lads from- 16 to 21 years of age shift. A bill will be brought before Par¬ tom of the car engages the dogs on the who convey the cars between the collect¬ liament next year proposing to limit the chain hoist used in hauling up the tipple ing and distributing base and the miners time of employment below ground to eight incline. in the face. Generally they have a pony, hours. Such a scheme would upset the but sometimes have to push the cars them¬ working of Northumberland collieries in a When about to install coal-cutting ma¬ selves. This collecting and distributing marked degree. There would be an im¬ chines, it is well to remember that while base is called “the flat.” They are paid mediate reduction of output, and an in¬ the first cost of a chain machine is three a price per score on the cars “put” by crease in the working costs of the col¬ or four times greater than the cost of a them to the flat. Drivers, who convey the lieries. The present system suits the coal¬ pick-machine, it takes the same number cars in sets between the flats and the main field admirably. It is suggested by many of men to run either of them. The pick- haulage system landings. They drive that the solution of the problem lies in machine will under-cut 40 per cent, less strong cobs, and are lads of 13 to 16 years the application of machine mining, and it coal than the chain-machine and make but of age. Rolleywaymen and lads, who are is hoped that such a measure will-be fol¬ little more lump coal than a miner work¬ employed in working the main system of lowed by one enforcing attendance at ing with a pick, while the chain-machine mechanical haulage. In charge of each evening schools. gives an increase in lump coal of from 10 district of the pit there is a deputy over¬ to 30 per cent. To obtain good results man. He sees that the air is kept up to Although IS continuous miles is the w'ith a pick-machine much depends on the the face of each place, that the hewers are maximum day’s work for mine mules, skill of the operator, while the efficiency protected by a sufficient supply of timber, but 13 miles is all that should be asked of of the chain-machine is nOt dependent on and gener^illy that the coal mines regula¬ them. Ten hours out of 24 should con¬ the skill of the miner. Also it has been tion act, and special rules of the colliery, stitute a day’s work. All pit animals found much easier to instruct miners to are complied with by exeryone under him. should be given at least one drink of pure run the chain- than the pick-machine. .^11 the above are employed in the day water during work hours. The neglect shift. At night the following classes are of these humane considerations as to Imperfect combustion in steam boilers employed. Stonemen, who are employed hours and distances results in worn-out may result from too much as well as too in taking up stone, or taking down stone. stock and increased expenditure. little air. 2i6 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. Colliery Notes, Observations and Comments Practical Hints Gathered from Experience and from the Study of Problems Peculiar to Bituminous and Anthracite Coal Mining DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

For the economical working of a com¬ parts of the metal when the fires are The following are the explosive ranges pressed air plant, the velocity of the air lighted, and is assisted greatly by the of fire damp as fixed by different Euro¬ through the mains should not exceed 50 chemical action of the water. The usual pean commissions on explosives: ft. per second. This may be done by em¬ parts which should be examined to see Parts CH,. Parts Air. Per Cent. t'H,. ploying a sufficiently large sized receiver whether or not grooving exists are France = 1 12-.5.9 7.7-14.6 Prussia = 1 19-1.5.6 6.0-6 0 placed near the charging station. around the furnace tubes, angle joints, The results of experiments by one and lap joints which are subjected to In mines where the haulage is done by authority are as follows: severe strain. Grooving generally causes electricity, the provision of separate travel¬ Parts Parts Per Cent. weakening of the plates, and if it is in CH,. Air. CH,. ing ways for the workmen is wise in view an advanced stage, it will fracture them 1 3-4 25-20 Inflammable Out not explos. of the number of accidents that occur from 1 5 16.6 explosive. at the ends about the rivet holes, which 1 7 12.6 violently explosive. coming in contact with the electric trolley should be thoroughly inspected. When 1 7.6 11.6 violently explosive. wire. If the trolley can be raised 6 ft. ascertaining the thickness of the plates, One expert says that, “when C H4 in above the rails, this provision is not so the incrustation formed in the boilers the mixture is 6.6 per cent., it is ex¬ necessary. should be removed, especially around the plosive; less than 6 per cent, is not ex¬ In timbering a shaft the utmost care furnace plates. plosive. Under ordinary conditions (that should be taken in framing sets so that In German coal mines, brattice cloth is mine air without dust) the upper limit the measurements are exact and the tim¬ is extensively used for temporary par¬ of C H4 is 12.8 per cent., the lower limit bers cut true to the line, especially for titions, supported by light wooden frames, 6.1 per cent., so that the explosive range hoisting shafts, whether large or small. and also as door wards. Good common of C H4 under those conditions is 6.7 per The center line should be laid off upon the sail cloth is mostly used for such pur¬ cent. If the percentage limit of C H4 ex¬ inside faces of the plates and the measure¬ ceeds the upper limit the mixture will not ments for tenons, mortises and miters poses, but is not impregnated against fire or water. Sometimes it is dipped in a explode even if a flame is applied to it, should be taken from this line. The faces but will burn quietly.” On the other of tenons and shoulders should be cut at strong solution of water glass before nailing it to the support. In some of the hand another authority asserts that less right angles to, or parallel with the face than 2 per cent, of C H4 is explosive when of the plate. more dangerous mines the sail cloth and wooden supports are given several good the mixture contains fine dry coal dust. The number .of fatal explosions in coats of asbestos paint, thereby render¬ Great Britain has decreased more than There are two distinct purposes in ing such walls nearly fire- and damp- 100 per cent, during the last decade. building an underground dam; first, to proof. Another kind of cloth is used for This great diminution is chiefly due to isolate water; second, to localize a mine fanning tubes instead of iron air con¬ fire. When a dam is to resist the pres¬ the nearly universal use of permitted ex¬ duits. It is also nearly air and gas- plosives. In this particular, America is sure of water it should be substantially tight. It is strung with rings to a strong built of sound oak, thoroughly seasoned far behind European countries, since we line, drawn under the ceiling of each have concerned ourselves only with the and dressed to size in wedge-shape pieces, shaft, and may be folded up and moved of from 5 to 10 ft. in length, according to quantity of explosive taken into a mine in any direction, in the shortest time, and almost wholly neglected to attach im¬ the depth of the mine. Each piece of thereby enabling the miners to bring a wood should be tapered according to the portance to the composition of the great amount of fresh air to any point of powder. radius, which varies from 20 to 30 ft. accident or danger. These pieces should be prepared and The adaptability of steel for use in mine Wherever an underground slope or fitted together outside, so as to secure timbering has been well demonstrated, plane is employed, a means of communi¬ good tight joints; each piece should be and its long life under all conditions of cating with the engineer should be pro¬ numbered before it is sent into the mine. temperature, moisture and stress is com¬ vided. This is generally accomplished by At the proposed location of the dam in puted to compensate amply for the in¬ the use of a heavy iron wire, the end of the mine, the space should be enlarged in creased first cost of installation. In the which is attached to a hammer in the a wedge shape, the radius of which anthracite region there are in use today engine room; the signaling is affected by should be the same as that of the tapered steel timbers which for 12 to 15 years pulling the wire at the foot. Such prac¬ pieces of wood. The ribs, roof and floor have been exposed in the deep parts of tice often results in breaking the wire by should be carefully dressed and leveled. mines to constant contact with mine the force of a heavy pull or jerk and No explosives should be used in dressing water, without signs of failure or cor¬ consequently transportation is sometimes the place, as the rock and coal might be rosion. It has been suggested that the interfered with. To avoid such delays cracked. The sides and floor upon which only method by which to determine the electric signals are installed in some col¬ the layers of tapered pieces are built up proper sizes for steel timbers is to pro¬ lieries. Usually the current is secured should be tarred. As each layer is put portion them in accordance with the rela¬ from dry batteries connected in series. in, the pieces should be driven forward to tive theoretical values of wood when used The electricity is carried by bare wires tighten the joints, due care being exer¬ for timbering. fastened upon insulators, which are spiked cised to maintain the proper arc. While When inspecting a boiler, a very im¬ to props along the road. By bringing building the dam, the water should be portant point is to see if there are any these wires into contact with each other, temporarily drained off at a point about signs of grooving or channeling, which a bell is sounded in the engine room. The 50 ft. above the dam construction, and is a gradual eating away of the boiler signal wires may also be used to carry allowed to escape through a pipe provided plates in furrows or channels. The telephonic messages by connecting them in the dam. A masonry dam should be ^ grooving is caused by the expansion of to telephone apparatus. used in case of fire. Jamiarry 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. beEngineerino^ Miners and Smellers production of the ore to the production of the refined metals. Mining Journal The only requirements for the success¬ Issued Weekly by the The custom smelters undoubtedly suf¬ ful inauguration of a new and independent Hill Publishing Company fered heavy losses in 1907, but the effort John A. Hill, Prei. and Tre»s. Bobe»t McKean, Sec’y. competition in the smelting business are to recoup them by a bold increase in 605 Pearl Street, New York. consequently (i) assured ore supply, (2) London Office: 6 Bonvene Street, London E. C., Eng. smelting charges immediately upon the Cable Audbksb <‘Ii.nominjour, N. Y." adequate capi^l and (3) technical knowl¬ cessation of competition in Utah and Mon¬ Suhneriptian, pat/aUe in adeance, $5.00 a year of 52 edge plus experienced business manage¬ tana is an impolitic move that is explain¬ numhere, ineluding pottage in the United Slalet, Mepriro ment. The miners can provide the first,, Cuha, Porto Biro, Ilaieaii or the Philippinet, $0.50 in able only by the words of William H. Canada, can provide or find partners to provide Vanderbilt in which he expressed his To Foreign Countriet, including pottage, $8.00 or itt the second, and can buy the third. They iguicaleni, 33 thiHingt; 33 marht; or 40 j'ranrt. contempt for the public. The meetings of can easily develop a cooperative, so to- Botice to ditcontinue should be rcritten to the Beie York irate ore-producers at Helena and Salt office in ecery inttance. speak, method of treating their ores and Lake City show their indignation and Adeertiting copy thould reach Nea York office Inj Thurtilay. eliminate all grievances against existing a week before date o) ittue. also manifest an inclination to do busi¬ smelters on the ground of extortionate For tale by all newtdealert generally. ness, which will prove the impolicy of the Entered at New York Post Office as mail matter of charges and unfair treatment. The custom smelting companies if the ore- the second class. remedy is easy and moreover will be com¬ producers remain steadfast in their inten¬ mercially profitable if it be wisely under¬ CIRCULATION STATEMENT tions, Probably the smelting companies During 1907 we printed and circulated taken. r. 507.. 'iOO copies of The Engineering and figure that they will not. There have Mining Journal. Our circulation for December, 1907, was been protests before, but they have ended 40.. 500 copies. ■Ian. 4. 13,500 only with talk. It rests entirely with the The Monongah Expiosion ■Ian. 11. 9,500 Jan. 18. 9,500 miners whether there be a different end¬ Decision Jan. 25. 9,500 None sent free regularly, no back numbers. ing to the present case. Figures are live, net circulation. Competition is the life of trade. At So far as the general public and those present it has been destioyed by the action Contents not personally afflicted are concerned, the Editorials: of the farmers in Utah and by market Miners and Sineiters. 217 disastrous mine explosion at Monongah The Monongah Expiosion Decision.... 217 conditions which have caused certain A Bureau of Mines. 21b is now only a matter of history. The Speiter Production in 1907. 218 smelters in Montana to suspend opera¬ Cyaniding in Coiorado. 218 Fairmont Coal Company has earnestly en¬ Troops to Kemain at Goidlieid. 219 tions. Competition will certainly revive The Virginia Geoiogicai Survey. 219 deavored to mitigate the sufferings of Pnderflnanced Enterprise. 219 sooner or later by natural developments. Bogus Gems in California. 219 the bereaved families, and the untiring ♦Mining Practice, Kalgoorlie, West It will be hastened if the miners them¬ Australia.Gerard 11’. Williams 19? efforts of its officials and men deserve selves provide it. This is the simplest re¬ •A Shaft Fire in the Shattuck Mine, commendation. From chaos order was Bisbw, Arlz.I. J. Siauber 197 dress of grievances, as was pointed out Tin Mining in the Northern Territory quickly restored, and the local community of Australia . 197 by the committee reporting at the The Market for Tungsten Ore. 197 has met the emergency with great gen¬ Mining in New Mexico in 1907. last meeting of the American Mining R. V. Smith, 19S erosity and fortitude. Soon the mines ♦Notes on the Tyee Copper Mine. Congress. Walter Harvey Weed 103 will again be opened, and although the Metallurgy of Antimony. 201 The Kocky Mountain Club of New York 201 There is nothing mysterious about the miners who will resume, will at first feel Phosphate Mining in Tunis. 20! The Copper Mines of Katanga. 202 smelting business. Many excellent metal¬ some fear and trepidation, this will be The London Spelter Market in 1997. . Special Correspondence 203 lurgists, thoroughly experienced in the only for a short time. ♦The Deposition of Flue Dust. Charles F. Shelby 204 art. are open to engagement and com¬ The coroner’s jury has met, and after Operating Changes in the Lake Superior Iron Mines. .Dwight E. Woodbridge 205 petent managers also can be secured. The hearing the evidence has decided that the ♦Mining and Smelling at Cerro de I’as- co, Peru.Clarence C. Sample 206 essential prerequisite to successful com¬ explosion was due to a blow-out shot, or The London lioad Market in 1907. Special Correspondence 210 petition is the assurance of an adequate to the ignition of powder. This legally ♦The Octave Mine, Arizona../. E. Russell 211 ♦Coal Mining in Northumlierland, Eng¬ supply of the ores necessary to make an exonerates the Fairmont company. The land.George Raylton Diiron 212 ♦All-steel Cars for Ccal Mines. 215 economical smelting mixture. The mine time is fast approaching, however, when Colliery Notes. 210 Correspondence: operators are the ones who can provide such accidents will not be relegated to Yampa Coal Field.II’. Weston 220 Negative Results in Pyritlc Smelting. that assurance, with which there should history with the decision of a coroner's Franklin R. Carpenter 220 Copper Belt of California. be no difficulty in raising the capital, a jury. The members of such a tribunal G. McM. RO.SS 221 The Recent Colliery Explosion at large portion of which the mine operators are usually business men with little knowl¬ Inkerman, Penn.J. Palmer 221 The Proposed .Bureau of Mines. can also supply. ■ For the treatment of edge of mining and little ability to weigh E. Gybbon Spilsbitry 222 The Relations Between Miners and the crude lead there are four competing correctly the evidence. Many inquests are Smelters . 223 The Hepburn Law and the Coal Roads 223 refiners; for the treatment of the crude nothing more than a farce and the evi¬ .Nevada Consolidated Copper Company 221 .\merlcan Smelting and Refining Com¬ copper there is the same number. If dence submitted seldom comes to the at¬ pany . 224 Troops to Remain at Goldfield. 224 .satisfactory terms cannot be obtained tention of practical mining men who .tn Independent Miners' Union. 224 Patents . 225 among these, it is no more difficult to would give it intelligent consideration. Personal. Oliituary, Societies and Tech¬ nical Schools . 226 build and operate an independent refinery It is impossible at present to secure Ir.dustrial. Trade Catalogs, Construc¬ tion News . 227 than it is a smeltery. Indeed, to put a and discuss in detail all the evidence pre¬ Special Correspondence. 228 Alining News . 230 smelting business in an impregnable posi¬ sented at the investigations of the recent Markets, etc. 2.36 e.xplosions; however, some comments may ^Illustrated. tion it should be self-contained from the 2I8 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25/ 1908. properly be made. At the inquests re¬ ing its scope in technological investigation. bills introduced by Senator Dick and Mr. cently held, the coal companies have been All of these are objiectionable and it is to Englebright are so broad in their pro¬ represented by their own attorneys, while be hoped that none of them will pass. visions that the bureaucracy that would be the State has generally failed to present The Geological Survey has suffered be¬ created by them would be limited in its any case at all. Is there any attorney for cause some of its ambitious directors have activity only by the appropriations it could any coal company who jvould not en¬ diverted its activities from its special field secure and, would have great opportunities deavor to relieve his employer of all re¬ of applied geology, for work in which it for mischief in the mining industry. A sponsibility? This would imply that often was organized. Its organic law provided bureau of mines could do some useful the very points necessary to the enlighten¬ that it should have “the classification of work, but it must be carefully specified ment and betterment of mining conditions public lands and examination of the geo¬ what that work is to be if we are to es¬ are kept entirely in the background if logical structure, mineral resources and cape the creation of another unrestrained not wholly ignored. products of the national domain.” The bureaucracy for the employment of many In the case of the Monongah explosion, authorization to examine mineral products scientists and the dissemination of a one of the theories (opposed by the com¬ has been stretched to cover investigations costly literature to prove their activity. pany) was that a runaway trip of cars, in the entire subject of applied mining in being wrecked at the foot of the slope, and metallurgy, although the language Spelter Production in 1907 raised dust which was ignited by a short- ought not to be construed as covering circuited electric wire or by the open more than the determination of the char¬ By a clerical error, which unfortunately lights of miners. When this theory was acter of mineral products which is neces¬ was repeated in several places, the pro¬ advanced by one of the mine inspectors sary in connection with geological investi¬ duction of spelter in the United States before the coroner’s jury, his opponents gations. That the simple meaning of this in 1907 was given in our issue of Jan. 4 suggested that a trip of 19 cars be per¬ act was misinterpreted by the first director as 246,668 tons. The figure should have mitted to run down the slope and there¬ is no excuse for continuing to do so. The been 251,704 tons. The production by by decide whether such an accident Geological Survey has been criticized on States was given correctly, the error hav¬ could cause an explosion of this kind. Of this account during practically its whole ing been merely a clerical one in footing course this would not be a definite test. history. up the total. The statistics were based Runaways might happen 99 times without The scattering of its attention originat¬ on reports from the producers of their leading to an explosion, while upon the ing in this way has immensely detracted production during the first ii months of hundredth time, when all conditions of from its usefulness in geological work. 1907 with their own estimates of probable danger might chance to be present, an ex¬ This is said in no sense as disparagement production in December. We have reason plosion might follow. It is as sensible to of the great results that it has accom¬ to believe that several producers did not say that the explosion was not caused by plished, but rather as regret at its failure turn out so much spelter in December as a blow-out shot and to prove the state¬ to grasp fully its great opportunities. It they expected to do, and the revised fig¬ ment, arrange to have another blow-out has been among the greatest contributors ures bas^d on the reports for the whole shot and see if the same kind of an ex¬ to the development of the science of eco¬ year will show a total a little smaller than plosion occur. We doubt if more than nomic geology and has graduated many of 251,704 tons. one in every 10 blow-out shots causes an its trained geologists into private practice explosion. It is certain that many kegs wherein a demand for their services has Cyaniding in Colorado of powder have exploded in mines with¬ grown up. It has provided a great and out killing anyone except those in the im¬ valuable literature on American ore de¬ While competition in the Utah ore mediate vicinity. posits, but it has failed to give the full market has been. killed by the short¬ Much more remains to be said about aid in the discovery and development of sighted policy of some of the citizens of the Monongah explosion and other dis¬ the mineral resources of the nation that it that State, it has sprung into life again asters that have lately occurred. When might have done, and this is largely the in Colorado in so far as the Cripple complete evidence has been gathered, we reason for the present demand that the Creek ore is concerned, the Golden Cycle shall take up the subject in detail with the Government do something more for the mill, near Colorado Springs, having come idea of making an analysis that may mining industry. It is surprising that di¬ into operation, an event which has been throw light on some of the mining prob¬ rectors of the Survey have been so blind recognized by the allied trusts in a gen¬ lems yet unsolved. as to diffuse their time and funds when so eral reduction of treatment charges. In much important work in their specialty the interests of the ore producers it is to has been, and is, awaiting them. The A Bureau of Mines be hoped that the competition will con¬ scope of the Geological Survey should be tinue, but that it be not allowed to go so Two billls have been introduced in Con¬ narrowed, not enlarged. far that profits to the mill-men will dis¬ gress by Senator Dick and Mr. Engle- The experience of the Geological Sur¬ appear, which would eventually put one bright, respectively, providing for the crea¬ vey illustrates precisely why a bureau of of the competitors out of business, and tion of a bureau of mines; and a joint mines should be carefully limited in its leave the victor in a position to tax the resolution, offered by Senator Dick, legal¬ organic law to what it is intended to do, ore producers for the expense of the izing what the Geological Survey has been and it should not be intended to do what fight. doing under a highly doubtful interpreta¬ the people engaged in the mining industry Besides its commercial interest, the tion of its organic law and greatly increas¬ can and ought to do for themselves. The present competition is of great technical January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 219 importance, being a renewal of the con¬ been closely adhered to, the only change their feeling in the matter. It would be, test between the cyanide and chlorination of consequence being the substitution of of course, a blow to the prestige of their processes, but on different lines from that blankets for amalgamating plates and the school to lose the charge of the Survey to of 10 years ago. At that time the fight substitution of an additional Chile mill to another school, and we do not think that was between each process in its sim¬ replace the Wheeler pans. Considered the State should thus cause one of its plicity: the barrel-chlorination process on broadly the process is a radical innovation cherished institutions to suffer in favor of the one hand and straight cyanide lixivia- in the treatment.of Cripple Creek ores, another, which would be especially unfair tion on the other. Since then the chlor¬ and embodying as it does so many im¬ in view of the instrumentality of the ination process has been modified, first portant improvements, it will be highly Blacksburg institute in creating the geo¬ by concentrating on Wilfley tables the interesting to see if the barrel-chlorina¬ logical survey. Such an act would be so tailings from the barrels, then fine grind¬ tion process has kept pace, in so far as manifestly unjust that we do not believe it ing in tube mills the Wilfley tailings in the results of the present contest may be will be done. cyanide solution followed by agitation unobscured by difference in business man¬ and decantation. Now the Golden Cycle agement. Underfinanced Enterprises company comes to the front with a radical modification of the old cyanide Troops to Remain at Goldfield It is not creditable to the engineers and process, introduced by Philip Argali, who managers that so many of the recent great as metallurgical engineer and manager of The outcome of the negotiations be¬ copper mining enterprises have turned out the Metallic Extraction Works was the tween the Federal Government and the to have been grossly underfinanced, al¬ leading exponent of the original process State of Nevada will meet with general though the difficulties under which .the in its application to the Cripple Creek satisfaction, even if it insures only the constructors of works labored in 1907 were ores. At that time the process consisted temporary preservation of order at Gold¬ exceptionally severe and highly vexatious, ill crushing dry to pass 0.02-in. screen field. It is particularly gratifying that the illuminating examples being mentioned in aperture, roasting and leaching in tanks; Nevada legislature asked unanimously for the last report of the Boston Consolidated. the shot gold formed in roasting telluride the retention of the troops. The future However, it is hardly to be denied that in ores made fine crushing a condition pre¬ will depend upon the kind of constabulary the cases of some of these companies the cedent to satisfactory leaching, and even that it organizes, but at all events the disagreeable necessity of providing more while crushing to the fineness indicated dread of disorder and reprisals following money has been due largely to extrava¬ various appliances were used to recover the withdrawal of the troops will be dis¬ gance in the plans and considerable mis¬ shot gold and partially roasted ore from pelled inasmuch as when they are ordered conception as to the magnitude of the the leached sands. away there will be some arm of authority work undertaken. In building the Golden Cycle mill Mr. to take their place. The Balaklala was the first to appeal for Argali introduced the following radical more funds; then came the Boston Con¬ modifications: Crushing coarse in ball The Virginia Geological Survey solidated and Utah Copper companies. Now the Nevada Consolidated is obliged mills without previous drying, the size of to make a new issue of bonds in order to the ore particles being governed, not by A good deal of feeling is being displayed pay for its share in the Steptoe works and their richness in telluride, but by their in Virginia over the proposition to renew provide working capital. Thus the four roasting quality, the object being to crush the Geological Survey of the State, with great prospective producers of copper have just as coarse as it was possible to roast headquarters at the University of Virginia experienced the same obligation to in¬ satisfactorily. The ball mills were at Charlotte, instead of at the Virginia crease their bonded indebtedness as a pre¬ equipped with inner slotted screens with Polytechnic Institute, of Blacksburg. The liminary to beginning business. apertures in. and outer screens of latest Geological Survey of Virginia was 1/7 in. aperture. The machines were identified with the Institute at Blackburg operated with and without the outer from its beginning, its organization (in Bogus Gems in California screens and ore of both sizes passed 1904) being, indeed, the result of an ar¬ through the plant. The fine crushing and rangement between the Virginia Board of The gem mining industry in California, amalgamation were carried out in Chile Agriculture and Immigration and the especially in the southern counties, has in¬ mills and Wheeler pans, after which the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Poly¬ creased in importance of late and many sands were separated from the slimes, and technic Institute. It has published several beautiful specimens of kunzite, tourma¬ each class was lixiviated, the sands by creditable and valuable reports which line. etc., are being taken out. This has percolation, the slimes by agitation and emanated from Blacksburg, but about 18 led to a somewhat extensive business in suction filters. months ago it was temporarily abandoned, bogus gems, which has been established Before the works erected by Mr. Argali owing to the failure of the last legislature in the tourist towns of southern Cali¬ had been long enough in operation to to make an appropriation for the work. fornia. State Mineralogist Aubury has show the real results, the whole plant, Professor Watson, the geologist-in-charge, taken up this matter and says that the save the tank house, was destroyed by fire. lately accepted a chair at Charlotte, where annual fraudulent sales, especially in Los Angeles, run into high figures. The action It is the partially rebuilt works that has it is now proposed to remove the Survey. just gone into operation. Although Mr. Naturally, this excites the opposition of of dishonest dealers hurts the legitimate Argali had no connection with the re¬ the friends of the Polytechnic Institute, ones. Mr. Aubury proposes to take steps building, the process laid out by him has and we think they have sound grounds for to stop this illicit trade. 2JO TllK KNGINKKRIXC AND MINING jol'KNAL. January 25, 1908. Views, Suggestions and Experiences of Readers Comments on Questions Arising in Technical Practice or Sug¬ gested by Articles in the Journal, and Inquiries for Information CORRESPONDENCE AND DISCUSSION

The Yampa Coal Field h.nglish, and not .\merican ships, throws the grade of the Denver, Northwestern an mifavoralde light on the strength of and Pacific Railway has been advanced' In your issue of Jan. 4, u>oS, under the the .American mercantile marine. Perhaps into (he Oak (!reek section, where one ii head of ‘'Ci>al Miniu^ in the United States ill view of possible complications the ft. scam has .ilready been siiflicently in 1907,” and the suh-head of “New Oper¬ Americans will hasten to remedy this de- opened to «liable it to supply coal for the ations,” occurs the hdlowinn: “TI\e year licieiicy, for in case of war lulweeii them locomotives when the rail-head reaches tW7 hroujiht few new coallields to our at¬ and Japan, they could not, of course, rely that point, and the iircseiit temporary ter¬ tention,” and further on. “What we de¬ upon the support of luiglaiid in this ji.ir- minus of the operated line, at Yarmony, is- sire most is a new supply of anthraeite, ticiilar.” only 41) miles from Oak Creek, with eott- hut little hope seems to exist that we shall This, to my mind, still further acceiitu- tracts let for coiistruction to Steambo.at find a field to siieceed the present district :ites the imiiortaiice of the opening of the .Springs, over two lumdrcd miles from in I’ennsylvania. With the completion V.imp.i coalfield, whose co.ils are emi Denver. of the Denver, Xorthwesteru & Pacific iiently aikqited for the use of steamships, Your article on “ImicI ('oiiditioiis in the Railroad throunh the Rockies, it is pos¬ as the analyses and opinions of authorities Northwest” ill your issue of Nov. 2. i<)07. sible some fairly K5, n.;(>K. KNGINKERINCi AND MINING JOURNAI.. 221 cx|K)sc(l to oxidation varies with the size. retiiriiiiig the low grade matte thus p.jsedly connected with some diflicnlty of A enhe of pyrite of 4-in. face would ex¬ formed to the original blast furnace; or, <;re reduction.” pose six faces of i() stpin. eaeli, ecpial to I would crush all of the ore tine and I he f.icls are that 40,000 tons of ore stpin. to tlie oxidizing; inllnence of the smelt it in the reverberatory direct, re- were treated in the Orford furnace that furnace. Now, if this enhe should he couceutratiug the residtiug matte in a tan for more th:m two years. In Decem- hroken into 8 cubes of 2 in. each, it would blast furTiace. her, i(K)(), after smelting more than 11,000 expose 4S faces of 4 scpiii. each, etpial to I do not remember to have seen any of tons, I turned over to my successor at i()2 s(|.iu., or twice the surface of the first these views advanced except as I have tatpperoitolis the modern reverberatory enhe, and so on. ()f course, this may he referred to them in my own papers, and furnace in regular operation with about exiuessed hy a mathematical formula, hut one reference made in “Pyrite Smelting,” lo.txM) tons of ore on the roasting yards, the above will do for my purpose. If the by K. E. Idoyd, who was at that time our the bulk of it ready for smelting, and oriKiual 4iu. cube should he crushed to superintendent at the Deadwood & Dela¬ this furnace was in operation and not stamp mill si/e the K*'>iu in surface ex¬ ware Smelting Works. 1 do not know "(piiescent” in November, H407, when Mr. posed to the llames would he many hun¬ that the.se views will aid in the .solution Lang wrote his .article. dred times K'^-’iiter, hence the oxidi/.iu^ of the Sudbury problem, hut it would In Mr. Lang’s “General Conclusions” in action would he many hundred times seem to me that the Nickel company speaking of the depth of the ore deposits .(pucker, so that if the ore is very hue, it coidd well afford to experiment. Profes¬ he s.ays, “I have some evidence, though will wholly oxidi/e, and uothiu>' he left sor liofmau’s experiments show that the scarcely enough to warrant a sweeping fur matte makiuK. slag formed from the silicates practically generalization, to the effect that the few Now, this is exactly what happened to is an infusible one, but that it docs soften lodes that have reached considerable me at Deadwood. With the peculiar and, i)erhaps, while “gummy,” it gets depths, show signs of impoverishment if charge employed there 1 found it abso¬ below the tuyeres and makes trouble. not of actual exhaustion. Informaticin (if lutely impossible to make iron matte with h'KANKI.IN U. C'aKPKNTKR. this kind is hard to get, and I speak more llouiestake couceutrates alone, so that I Denver, C'olo., Dec. 11, U)o7. from hearsay than from actual knowledge always had to add coarse pyrite or cop¬ in most of these cases.” per, which would last through the fur¬ Having followed some of these ore- nace, to hind the sulphur. Copper Belt ol Calilornia bodies from the surface to, a vertical depth of 700 ft. (the greatest depth re¬ I’VKITIO S.MKl.TINi; IN KkVKKIIKRATOKIKS ' In the JouRNAi. of Nov. it), 23 and 30, ferred to by Mr. Lang), I am in a posi¬ tion to know that Mr. Lang’s hears.ay evi¬ CouceruiuK the reverberatory furnace, articles hy llerhert l.aug ou “The Copper Pelt (jf California,” contain a number of dence of impoverishment and exhaustion it may not he n^'iierally known that when errors that should not he allowed to pass of the orebodics on the copper belt that pyritie, or raw, smeltiut; was employed uncorrected. I hough 1 am interested in 1 have developed is both misleading and years a^o at Freiberg, the reverberatory this copper belt, I have no present desire untrue. furnace was jireferred* to the cupola fur¬ to engage in any controversy regarding Mr. Lang’s article would lead one to be¬ nace. file (piaiitity smelted was three its history, development, geology, or the lieve that all of the copper belt had been times larger, and a saving of labor and metallurgy that has been practiced in the fully covered hy the United States Geo- fuel was elTected. More blende ccnild he reduction of its ores. 1 simply wish to logic.il .Survey, hut the work of the survey given, and the most refractory ores could have the truth stated regarding my work has not been extended on the eoi)per belt he used. Of course, I am aware of the on this hell. farther south than that covered hy the fact that raw smeltiiig, as we formerly In the issue of Nov. 23, p. (/)(), Mr. Jackson folio. Those who arc interested used the term, is not exactly the same as l.aug says, “It h;is been generally held in the belt regret very much that this work pyritie smelting as we now use the term, that the mines of Copperopolis, as well as has not been done, and the statement that hut formerly they were the .same. the Newton and some others, contained “the Copper Uelt of California which is At Deadwood 1 added the stamp mill no gold or silver; but more careful work fre(piently spoken of locally as the b'oot- coiiceiitrate directly to the ore charge, seems to disprove that idea.” I his is a hills Copper Helt is one of the most re¬ hut, owing to the liiieiiess, very much vague statement, but so far as the Union markable and extensive ore-bearing form¬ of it blew out into the Hue chamher, with¬ and Keystone mines are concerned they ations in the world” cannot be questioned. out any change, except that it lost the contain practically no gold or silver, and G. McM. Ross. first atom of sulphur; that which went these two mines have yielded more than Stockt(on, Cal., Jan. 3, i()o8. through the furnace was wholly oxidized (j5 per cent, .of the Copperopolis ores. The and made no matte, as above explained. ores smelted and matte ship])ed from these The pyrite caught in the Hue chamber, The Recent Colliery Explosion mines were regularly and carefully as¬ together with the other flue dust, we sayed for gold and silver. 1 he. ore con¬ at Inkerman, Penn. smelted in what were then very large tained hut a few cents of gold and silver reverberatories, and enough iron was per ton, and the matte never enough of In the Journal of Dec. 7 it was stated always oxidized to make a fair rever¬ gold and silver to pay for extraction. that six men were injured by an ex¬ beratory slag; and the resulting matte Of the .smelting at Coi)pcropolis Mr. plosion in the No. 5 mine of the Penn¬ was returned to the blast furnace, where Lang, on page i

The Proposed Bureau of Mines The Relations Between Miners ing extent. In practice, complete recov¬ ery of the valuable melals is not made. and Smelters* Therefore, in buying ores, the smelter The editorial in the Journal of Jan. 18, does not expect to pay the ore producer on the proposed establishment of a bureau for greater percentages of the metals than of mines, is one which all those connected, The complaints have come inrfhe main he can recover; he cannot pay the full either professionally or industrially, with from the Western ore producers who are market price for the metals without first mining should read with care. There is obliged to sell their products in markets deducting sums sufficient to transport his no question that the general trend of where there is little or no competition. product to the refinery, to pay the cost events under the present administration These complaints have been directed, of refining, the cost of transporting refined points toward an increase of “paternalism” most of them, against the American Smelt¬ metal to the market, and the additional in every branch of the Federal Govern¬ ing and Refining Company and its allies, costs of brokerage, interest, insurance, etc. ment. The establishment of a bureau of popularly known as “the Smelting Trust,” He is entitled to charge for roasting off mines, provided it had the same powers by whom nearly all of the important cus¬ the volatile elements in the ore and for of the policing and general supervision of tom smelting plants in the United States slagging off the earthy dross. If, in order all mining enterprises as is the case under are controlled. The mine owner who to make the slag, he is compelled to buy most of the European Governments, might wishes to sell his product must accept the barren limestone, iron, etc., he is entitled effect some good. But how would this be best offer he can get, and in order to in¬ to charge for the cost of these materials possible under our Constitution? In Ger¬ sure a market for his ores he must enter and for the cost of handling of the addi¬ many, where the idea of paternalism in into a contract under which his output for tional stuff in the furnace. If, after all all matters is carried to the extreme limit, a long period in advance goes to the pur¬ of this, he exacts a fair profit and does it the Government supervision of the opera¬ chasing smelter and is paid for in accord¬ without subterfuge, the ore producer tion of mines is absolute, but there a spe¬ ance with terms specified in the contract. should not complain. cial corps of experts are educated and Under such conditions there is nothing to But the objection is made that the meth¬ trained for the purpose and remain in the prevent the ore buyer from exacting as ods of ore buyers are not always fair. service for life similarly to officers in the much tribute as the traffic will bear. Summarizing the complaints that have army. In considering the complaints that have been made to the committee, we find them It does not seem as though any half¬ been filed with the committee, we have to embrace: (i) Excessive deductions way measures are either possible or advis¬ tried to bear in mind that custom smeltiqg for smelting losses and for refining and able. If the bureau is to have any power is a legitimate industry and is entitled to selling costs. (2) Unsatisfactory settle¬ beyond that of a statistical office how recognition as such. We must remember ments on account of arbitrary valuations would such power be given it without that the owner of a smelting plant can¬ placed by the smelters upon different interference with the State right of super¬ not afford to buy ores unless-they are of metals. (3) Exhorbitant smelting charges. vision? For statistical purposes only it such nature that he can utilize them and (4) Arbitrary and unfair rules governing seems to me the present expanded Geo¬ get the metals from them within a reason¬ the sampling and assaying of ores. (5) logical Survey suffices, or at least could able length of time. He is entitled to a Questionable tactics to stifle and forestall be made to. fair return for the money invested in the competition. As a means of providing lucrative posi¬ business, including, of course, the money represented by ores awaiting treatment, tions to a host of office seekers in every Relief Through Competition mining district a bureau of mines would product tied up in process of reduction, If any or all of these things are true, certainly fill a “long -felt want,” but be- and metals awaiting sale. Perhaps he is what can the ore producers do about it? 3’ond that, its value to the mine wage entitled to an allowance for possible fall Turning to the Salt Lake Valley of Utah, earner or to the mine operator appears in metal prices while he is getting the pro¬ where there seems to be least cause for problematical. duct in shape for the market, although in complaint, we find a number of independ¬ From a professional point of view I the long run prices are as apt to rise as ent smelting plants which were built by should say that it would increase rather to fall. His problem is to roast off the private concerns for the purpose of treat¬ than eliminate the abuses which have volatile elements, to flux off the worthless ing the ores from their own mines and gradually crept into, the usages of the earthy dross, to save the metals as a base which were afterward enlarged in order Geological Survey, some of which have bullion which can then be put through a to handle custom business. These plants been pointed out clearly in the editorial. refining process for the purpose of separ¬ are now formidable rivals of “the trust.” By all means let us have a department ating the valuable metals from one an¬ Under the stimulus of competition the of mines if it can be made effective, and other, and finally to sell the refined pro¬ smelting industry in the Salt Lake valley constituted on a scientific and not on a duct to consumers. has advanced commercially and techni¬ political basis, and then while we are at It should be noted that in lead smelting, cally to such an extent that this is now it why not continue our imitation of other as practiced in the West, the lead, silver the most important smelting center in the countries and establish a department of and gold are saved as bullion and that a West. Moreover, this competition has “bridges and highways” (Fonts et Chaus- by-product is made from which the copper brought substantial relief to the ore pro¬ sees) as in France, or a Federal depart¬ can be recovered. In copper smelting, the ducer who has no smelting plant of his ment of buildings similar to the “Bau copper, silver and gold are saved, but no own. Amt” of Germany? * recovery is made of any lead that may be Ore producers in other parts of the west Mines and mining so far have escaped present. In neither of these processes is will therefore be glad to learn on what the sphere of politics, and have notwith¬ there any attempt to save other elements basis ores are bought and sold in the Salt standing, or consequently, been fairly suc¬ in the ore such as zinc, antimony, arsenic, Lake Valley. By permission of certain cessful. The advisability of changing this etc.; on the contrary, these elements are producers, we recite below the terms of independent condition would appear ques¬ looked upon as objectionable, either be¬ existing contracts for the sale of their out¬ tionable. cause extra expense is entailed in getting put of ores. In individual instances, and E. Gybbon Spilsbury. rid of them, or .because in disappearing for exceptional ores, even better terms New York, Jan. 21, 1908. they carry off precious metals to an alarm- than these have been obtained. •Extracts from the majority report of the , Gold contained in the ores in ques¬ Committee on the Mutual Relations and The deepest mine on the Rand is the Grievances of the Ore Producers and Custom tion is paid for at the rate of $19.50 per Simmer West, where a depth of 4500 ft. Smelters, presented by H. *8. Joseph, at the Troy ounce. No gold is paid for when meeting of the American Mining Congress has been reached. at .loplln. Mo.. Nov. 14, 1907. the assay shows less than 0.03 oz. per ton.

J January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING*JOURNAL. 223

Silver. 95 per cent, of the silver con¬ which will yield a fluid slag in the smelt¬ for relief, seldom succeed in getting to¬ tained in the ore, shown by fire assay, ing furnace. Under such ideal conditions gether. In this respect “the trust” must is paid for at the New York “official” price the smelter does not have to buy barren be given credit for its shrewd and adroit' on the date of the first assay. rock for flux, and his furnaces are efforts to forestall further competition. Copper. All copper contained in the burdened with nothing except pay ore. The three most prominent remedies sug¬ ore, in excess of 0.5 unit (10 lb. per ton Too much of one kind of ore is a bug¬ gested are: (i) Intervention on the part of ore) is paid for at the ruling whole¬ bear in the absence of enough of the other of the United States Government. (2) sale price of electrolytic copper in the kinds. In the smelting centers nearest Intervention by way of State legislation. New York market for the previous week, the Pacific coast there is frequently such (3) Intervention by organization of mine de’ducting therefrom 2%c. per lb. If, how¬ a shortage of silicious ores that the smelt¬ owners and operators throughout the ever, the ore happens to contain lead in ers handle them for almost nothing; from country for the purpose of building, oper¬ excess of three units, such ores are treated such regions no complaints of exorbitant ating and maintaining their own mills and in a lead furnace, making a more round¬ treatment charges have come to your com¬ smelters. about process for the recovery of the cop¬ mittee. But in most smelting centers, as The third remedy suggested, viz.: “In¬ per contents and the sum of 4.5c. per lb. in the Salt Lake Valley, there is a large tervention by organization of mine owners is deducted from the New York price of surplus of silicious ores, and in order to and operators,” seems to us to be entirely electrolytic copper. flux them the smelter is compelled to buy practicable and if wisely organized and Lead. 90 per cent, of the lead contained more or less barren iron ore and barren judiciously managed will be eminently in the ore, as shown by wet assay on fire limestone, which not only cost money to satisfactory. About the desirability of this button, is paid for at the ruling whole¬ get but also cost money to smelt, to say remedy, it seems to us, there can be no sale price of common desilverized lead in nothing about metallurgical losses through question, for the reputed dividends earned the New York market, deducting there¬ increased volume of slag. by the great smelting companies place from the sum of one cent per pound. No In the Salt Lake Valley one producer their enterprises beyond the question of lead is paid for when the assay shows of silicious ores is paid for the metals in doubt as successful business and financial less than three units. his ores on the terms already quoted, and propositions. And with this idea in mind pays treatment charges as follows: on your committee is disposed to discourage Smelting Charges and Deductions for ores going to the lead furnaces, a base or mine owners from contracting their output Metal Losses initial charge of $i per ton; on ores going to any concern for such long periods in to the copper furnaces, no base or initial advance that they will be unable to join While all metallurgical losses, and all charge. To the base or initial charge is with their friends in enterprises of this expenses attaching to bullion after it added; loc. for each unit of insoluble kind whenever the time seems ripe. leaves the smelting works, are amply matter; 30c. for each unit of zinc in ex¬ covered by the foregoing deductions, the cess of 10 per cent.; 25c. for each unit of schedules in use in other localities call sulphur in excess of 2 per cent.; the max¬ The Hepburn Law and the for deductions far in excess of these. No imum penalty for sulphur being $i per two smelting companies have exactly the Coal -Roads tOTT of ore; 250. for each unit of speiss' in same schedule of deductions, neither does excess of 5 per cent. On iron, a credit of any concern apply the same schedule in IOC. per unit is allowed. All of this According to press dispatches from dealing with all patrons. When brought means that on highly silicious ore carry¬ Washington under date of Jan. 17, the to the point, the ore buyer does not main¬ ing 20 to 25 per cent, of lead, this mine Federal administration intends to be tain that his schedule of deductions rep¬ owner pays a treatment charge of some lenient in the enforcement of the section resents actual metallurgical losses and the $5 50 per ton, and up to this time the buyer of the Hepburn railway rate law which costs of freighting, refining and selling has made no complaint. prohibits railroads from transporting bullion. The average ore producer, if from State to State products other than paid for 100 per cent, of the metals in A private smelting plant, handling sul¬ phide copper ores and having no flux to lumber produced by them. This section his ore, at full market prices, would ob¬ of the law will become effective on May ject most strenuously to a treatment buy, reports a working cost for roasting, I next and applies particularly to the charge which would cover metallurgical smelting and converting, of less than $3 anthracite coal roads of Pennsylvania. losses, freight on bullion, refining costs, per ton. But as to sulphide ores in gen¬ The coal roads have represented that in selling costs, interest, depreciation, profit, eral and ores containing other objection¬ order to comply with the law they would etc. It is plain that this entire outlay able elements, it is impossible to lay down be obliged to sell a part of their property must be borne by the ore in some way, but any hard and fast rules, because the ore at a sacrifice. They have been advised by the subterfuge of deductions, a little on from any mine is peculiar to itself. by their counsel that this section of the one metal here, and a little there, and a law is unexceptional. little somewhere else, the ore buyer is able Competition as the Remedy Attorney-General Bonaparte announced to bring the treatment charge, which first No ore producer can build his own that there would be no prosecutions attracts the attention of the producer, to a smelting works and operate it to advant¬ until the matter is determined by low point. Although not in fact singled age without making provision for such the Supreme Court of the United States out as victims, the producers of gold ores ores as will combine with his own to make have been the most bitter in their com¬ ? good smelting mixture. The producer in a friendly suit. His statement is as plaints against the ore buyers; one reason who attempts to set such an enterprise on follows: being that with no valuable metals in the foot usually finds that other producers, “What is generally known as the ‘com¬ ore, except gold, there is little chance for whose ores he needs, and who would or¬ modities clause’ of the Hepburn bill, ap¬ roundabout figuring, and the treatment dinarily be willing to cooperate in the en¬ proved June 29, 1906, reads as follows: charge stands out in its cold reality. terprise, are not free to do so because they “ ‘From and after May i, 1908, it shall Reasons for Varying Treatment Rates have been allured into long term contracts be unlawful for any railroad to transport Rates of treatment vary within wide with “the trust.” Because of these long from any State, Territory or the District limits, according to the locality, the na¬ term contracts, the producer who finds of Columbia to any other State, Terri¬ ture of the ore, and the needs of the smelt¬ himself free can seldom get any coopera¬ tory or the District of Columbia, or to er. The ore buyer aims to assemble at tion; and as all such contracts have been any foreign country, any article or com¬ his plant, ores containing silica, ores con¬ timed so carefully that not many important modity, other than timber and the manu¬ taining iron, and ores containing lime, so ones terminate during the same year, the factured products thereof, manufactured, that from these a mixture can be made producers, however much they may sigh mined or produced by it, or under its THE ENGIxVEERlNG AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. authority, or which it may own in whole depend upon the speedy consummation of Troops to Remain at Goldfield or in part, or in which it may have any the plans of operation thus outlined. It interest, direct or indirect, except such has, therefore, been deemed advisable to Both houses of the Nevada Legislature, articles or commodities as- may be neces¬ make immediate arrangements for in- Jan. j6, passed unanimously resolutions sary or intended for. its use in the ci eased capital to insure immediately in¬ asking President Roosevelt to keep United conduct of its business as a common creased concentration and smelting facili¬ States troops in Goldfield until proper carrier.’ ties rather than to suffer the consequences police arrangements can be made for pre¬ “It is clear that this clause if valid will of a dilatory policy. serving order. make it impossible for many railroads It has, therefore, been determined that A communication to the President from which own coal mines to transport the if the stockholders will, at the meeting Governor Sparks, Jan. 17, quotes the reso¬ coal to market after the date named, and of w'hich notice has been given, vote in lution adopted by the Nevada State Legis¬ it is understood that some of these rail¬ favor of the increase of the capital stock lature on the previous day without a dis¬ roads have been advised by their respec¬ of the company, bonds to the amount of senting vote, and earnestly urges the tive counsel that the above quoted pro¬ $3,000,000, bearing interest at the rate of President to carefully consider the same. vision of law is unexceptional. The De¬ 6 per cent, per annum, and convertible “We are working on a constabulary law, partment of Justice contemplates the in¬ at the option of the holder into the stock and w'ill keep you advised of progress,” stitution of proceedings, as soon as pos¬ of this company on a basis hereafter to be the Governor concludes. sible after the date named, whereby a determined, which bonds are to be secured Upon receipt of this communication, the prompt determination of this question by by a mortgage on the real estate of the President telegraphed to Governor Sparks the Supreme Court of the United States company, will be issued when and as re¬ as follows: may be obtained. It is expected that the quired for the purposes of the company. “In response to your telegram transmit¬ railroads concerned will cooperate with It is the intention of the management to ting the resolution of the Legislature of the Government to this end and if they offer the bonds so to be issued pro rata Nevada, I authorize you to inform the do so in good faith and if they in good to the stockholders. Arrangements have Legislature that, in accordance with its faith and immediately obey the decision been made for the underwriting of the request, I will permit the troops to remain of the Supreme Court when rendered it bonds so to be offered. The increased in Nevada for such reasonable length of is not the purpose of the Department of stock will be held for purposes of conver¬ sion of the bonds w’hen issued, and so time as will give opportunity to the Legis¬ Justice to prosecute them for a failure to lature to organize such police force as comply with the terms of the act pend¬ much thereof as shall not be required will enable the State authorities to per¬ ing the decision of the Supreme Court.” for conversion purposes wdll remain unis¬ sued, to meet the future requirements of form the police functions of the State. the company. I assume, of course, that there will be all possible expedition in providing this Nevada Consolidated Copper police force.” Company American Smelting and Refining Applications for a congressional inves¬ Company tigation of the Goldfield mining trouble are being received by the House Com¬ Notice has been given that a special mittee on Labor, according to the chair¬ meeting of the stockholders of the Nevada The stock of the American Smelting and man, John J. Gardner, who conferred Consolidated Copper Company will be Refining Company closed on Jan. 20 at with President Roosevelt, Jan. 17. Mr. held at Portland, Me., Feb. 5, 1908, (>5% after 128,000 shares had changed Gardner said that the most urgent de¬ to consider and act upon a resolu¬ hands. The decline was accompanied by tion authorizing the increase of its capi¬ rumors of a probable decrease in dividend, mand seemed to be for the retention of tal stock from 1,300,000 shares of the par inside liquidation, and forced loss of con¬ the troops at Goldfield until all possibility value of $5 each, to i,600,000 shares of the trol by the Guggenheims. The reports were of trouble between the miners and mine par value of $5 each, and to take any other denied categorically by one of the most operators should be obviated. The com¬ action that may be requisite or advisable prominent officers and directors of the mittee later voted to report favorably the in connection with this matter. Accom¬ company. re.solution calling on the President for the panying this notice is the following letter “None of the insiders,” he said, “has full data of the report of Goldfield labor from James Phillips, Jr., the president been selling Smelters today. On the other trouble, made to him by the special com¬ of the company: hand insiders have been buyers and have mission of investigation. The company has been engaged for picked up a good deal of very cheap stock. some years past in the development of There is no liquidation on the part of any An Independent Miners* Union its extensive properties, and has succeeded qf the Messrs. Guggenheim and not the in blocking out great bodies of valuable slightest prospect that they will lose con¬ ore. In order to bring about the best and trol of the company. They have in fact Thomas O’Brien, an old Comstock most speedy results from its operations, recently increased their stock holdings. miner, and afterward labor commissioner it was deemed advisable to cooperate with “None of us pretends that the company of the State of California, who has been the Cumberland-Ely Copper Company in is doing the business of the boom times ill Goldfield trying to start an independent the construction of a concentration and of a year ago. Yet the business is satis¬ miners’ union, which he calls the Nevada smelting plant which would be adequate factory, general conditions considered, and Miners’ Union, is reported to be making for the requirements of both companies, the outlook appears to be very good. The some progress. He has opened headquart¬ and which would be capable of treating rate of the ne.xt dividend has not even ers and has a large American flag flying the daily output of ore which the develop¬ been considered and will not be for six from the window. Americanism is the ment of its properties enables this com¬ weeks at least. No dividend meeting is keynote of his organization; respect for pany to produce, for a long term of years. scheduled until almost tw’o months from the American government. Us fhig and It was also found, that in order to carry today.” constitution, is the fundamental tenet. on the extensive operations which this In spite of the above denial, the belief The union declares against strikes, boy¬ plan involved, it would be necessary for in well-informed quarters is strong that cotts and lockouts and eliminates all the this company to have on hand as w'orking the Guggenheims no longer control the vicious features in the fundamental law of capital the sum of at least $1,000,000, and stock of Smelters, but it is not believed the Western Federation of Miners. This that the early payment of dividends on that control has passed to Standard Oil will be a commendable union if the plans the stock issued by the company, would interests, as frequently has been rumored. above outlined are carried out. January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 22s Patents Relating To Mining and Metallurgy

A Selected and Classified List of New Inventions Described during the Past Month in the Publications of the Patent Offices UNITED STATES AND BRITISH PATENTS

A copy of the specifications of any of Products. James H. Gillies, Auburn, Vic¬ MINE CAR DOOR-LATCH—Latch for these patents Issued by the United States toria, Australia. (U. S. No. 875,424; Dec. Mine-Car Doors. Christian H. Smith, Patent Office will he mailed by The Engin¬ 31, 1907.) Tranger, Penn. (U S. No. 874,872; Dec. 24, eering AND Mining Journal upon the re¬ ORE TREATMENT—Process of Treating 1907.) ceipt of 25 cents. British patents are sup¬ Complex Ores Containing Zinc and Other ORE CAR—Metal Ore-Car. Ethan I. plied at 40 cents. In ordering specifications, Volatlllzable Metals. George M. Rice, Wor¬ Dodds, Pullman, Ill., assignor to Pullman correspondents are requested to give the cester, Mass (U. S. No. 875,381; Dec. 31, Company, Chicago, Ill., a Corporation of Il¬ nuinlior, name of Inventor and date of Issue. 1907.) linois. (U. S. Nos. 874,576 and 874,577; COAL AND COKE PIGMENT—.T. C. A. Meyer, Lyons, France. Dec. 24, 1907.) Method of producing a white sulphide of zinc PROSPECTING TOOL^Mlner’s Prospect¬ COAI^MINING MACHINE. Harry Specht, suitable for use as a paint. (Brit. No. 5032 ing-Tool. Dominik Bolderl, Oakland, Cal. Frosthurg, I’eun. (U. S. No. 875,296; Dec. of 1907; Nov. .30, 1907.) (U. S. No. 874,730; Dec. 24, 1907.) 31. 1907.) SULPHIDE ORE TREATMENT—Process ROCK-DRILL and Other Percusslon-TooI. COAI.-MINING MACHINE. Thomas J. of Ti-Pating Zinc and I.ead Sulphide Ores. Thomas Warsop, Coniston, England. (U. S. Newcome, Jamlsonvllle, I’enn., assignor of Antoine 11. Imbert, Grand-Montrouge, France. No. 873,813; Dec. 17, 1907.) one-half to John C. Hirst, Reynoldsvllle, (U S. No. 875,578; Dec. 31, 1907.) ROCK-DRILL. Edward N. Jones, Victor, Penn. (U. S. No. 874,028; Dec. 17, 1907.) Colo. (U. S. No. 871,594; Nov. 19, 1907.) COKE-OVEN. Arthur O. Jones. New MINING—GENERAL Brancepeth. England. (U. S. No. 875,436; ROCK-DRILL. Frederick V. W. Swanton Dec. 31. 1907.) MINE-ROOF SUPPORT. Frederick C. and Burt Price, Braamfontain, Johannesburg, Keighley, Uniontown, Penn. (U. S. No. 875,- Transvaal. (U. S. No. 874,455; Dec. 24, COKE-OVEN DOOR-Closure for Coke- 182; Dec. 31, 1907.) 1907.) Ovens and Similar Devices. Heinrich Kop- ROCK DRILIv—Hand Rock-Drill. Charles liers, Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany. (U. S. ORE DRESSING H. Gunn, Oroville, Cal. (U. S. No. 874,499; No. 875,356; Dec. 31, 1907.) Dec. 24, 1907.) ORE-CONCENTRATOR. Ulysses S. James, COPPER Newark, N. J., assignor to James Ore Con¬ ROCK DRILL CHUCK—Self-Tightening EXTRACTION OF COPPER and Other centrator Co., Newark, N. J., a Corporation Rock-Drill Chuck. James A. Thompson, Ed¬ Metals from Roasted Pyrites. Auguste Tix- of New Jersey. (U. S. No. 874,364; Dec. win M. Mackie, and Perclval F. Doyle, Chi¬ 17. 1907.) cago, Ill., assignors to Chicago Pneumatic ier and Casimer Tortel, Paris, France, as¬ Tool Co., a Corporation of New Jersey. (U. S. signors to Les I’rodults Chlmique de Crolssy ORE-FEEDING MECHANISM. Marshal No. 871,972; Nov 26, 1907.) t.I. Basler & Co.) Paris, France. (U. S. No. Henderson, Doe Run, Mo., assignor of one- S75,012: Dec. 31, 1907.) third to Ulysses Hawk, Doe Run, Mo. (U. S. ROCK-DRILLING MACHINE. Alva D. No. 873,748; Dec. 17, 1907.) Lee, Brookline, and Francis J. E. Nelson, Jr., REFINING—Apparatus for Refining Cop¬ East Boston. Mass. (U. S. No. 874,603; per. Frank I>. Antisell, New York, N. Y. SCREENING PULP—Apparatus for Screen¬ (F. S. No. 875,641; Dec. 31, 1907.) ing Pulp. William A. Stevenson, Northamp¬ Dec. 24, 1907.) ton, Mass., and Ambrose H. White, Brook¬ ROCK-DRILLING MACHINE or Engine. IRON AND STEEL lyn, N. Y. (U. S. No. 873,390; Dec. 10, Henry Heilman and I^ewis C. Bayles, Johan¬ 1907.) nesburg, Transvaal. (U. S. Nos. 872,417 and 872,418; Dec. 3, 1907.) CUPOLA-FURNACE. Michael Zippier, Ai- SEPARATION—Device for Separating Ma¬ leghenv, Penn. (U. S. No. 874,476; Dec. terials Held in Suspension by Liquids. ROCK DRILLS—Swivel for Rock-Drills. 24. 1907.) Charles N. Waite, Wilmington, Del. (U. S. Samuel A. Sizemore, Leadwood, Mo. (U. S. KNOBBLING-FURNACE. William Sharp, No. 872,033; Nov. 26, 1907.) No. 873,801; Dec. 17, 1907.) McKeesport, Penn. (U. S. No. 874,038; Dec. SLIME-CONCENTRATOR. Edward C. STEAM-SHOVEL. George W. King, Har¬ 17. 1907.) Porter. Tellurlde, Colo. (U. S. No. 874,433; ry J. Barnhart, and Charles B. King, Marion, Dec. 24, 1907.) Ohio, assignors to Marion Steam Shovel Co., MANUFACTURE — Process of Making Marlon, Ohio, a Corporation of Ohio. (U. S. Steel. Harry O. Chute, Cleveland, Ohio. PULVERIZING-MILL. George E. Rud- No. 873,756; Dec. 17, 1907.) (U. S. No. 874,391; Dec. 24, 1907.) nick. lola, Kan’. (U. S. No. 872,201; Nov. 26. 1907.) TUNNEIJNG-MACHINE. John P. Karns, MANUFACTURE—Process -of Producing Boulder. Colo., assignor to J. P. Karns Tun¬ Steel. George O. Seward, East Orange, N. J., METALLURGY-GENERAL neling Machine CTo., Boulder, Colo., a Cor¬ and Franz von Kugelgen, Holcombs Rock, poration. (U. S. No. 875,664; Dec. 31, 1907.) Va., assignors to Virginia I.Aboratory Co., ELECTRIC SMELTING—Art of Electric New York. N. Y., a Corporation of New Smelting. Frank Creelman, New York, N. Y., METALLURGICAL MACHINERY AND York. (U. S. No. 874,628; Dec. 24, 1907.) assignor to Willson Carbide Works Co., of WROUGHT IRON—Apparatus for Produc¬ St. Catherines, Limited, St. Catherines, Can¬ APPARATUS ing Wrought Iron or Steel Direct from Ore. ada, a Corporation. (U. S. No. 874,944; CASTING—Apparatus for Holding and John A. Potter, Los Angeles, Cal. (U. S. No. Dec. 31, 1907.) Pouring Metal Into Molds for Casting-Ma¬ 874.537; Dec. 24, 1907.) LEACHING PROCESS—Apparatus for chines. Edgar A. Custer, Philadelphia, Penn. WROUGHT IRON—Process of Manufac¬ Leaching Ores and the Subsequent Separa¬ (U. S. No. 87P,869; Nov. 12. 1907.) turing Wrought Iron or Steel John A. Pot¬ tion of the Liquids From the Solids. James DESULPHURIZING FURNACE—Furnace ter. Ix)s Angeles, Cal. (U. S. No. 874,536; H. Gillies. Auburn. Victoria, Australia. (U. for Desulphurizing and Agglomerating Ores. Dec. 24, 1907.) S. No. 875,425; Dec. 31, 1907.) Andrew J. Dull, Harrisburg, and Joseph SLAG BREAKING—Machine for Slag- Weatherby, Jr., New Cumberland, Penn., said NICKEL Breaking. Carl G. IJndstrand, Bisbee, Ariz. Weatherby assignor to said Dull. (U. S. METAL EXTRACTION—Method of Ex¬ (IT. S. No. 874,692; Dec. 24, 1907.) Nos. 875,331 and 875,332; Dec. 31, 1907.) tracting Metallic Ores and Matte. Emli SMELTER SMOKE—Process for Treating ELECTRIC FURNACE. Edward R. Tay¬ Giinther and Rudolf Franke, Elsleben, Ger¬ Smelter Smoke and Extracting Values B'rom lor, I’enn Yan. N. Y. (U. S. No. 871,971; many. (U. S. No. 875,259; Dec. 31, 1907.; Ores or Metallurgical Waste Products. Stan¬ Nov. 26, 1907.) REFINING PROCESS—Electrolytic Pro¬ ley S. Sorensen and George C. Westby, Mur- ELECTRIC FURNACE Jesse C. King, cess for Refining Nickel. John N. Pring, New rav. Utah. (U. S. No. 875,222; Dec. 31, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, assignor to York. N. A’., assignor to Elmer A. Sperry, 1907.) Willson Carbide Works Co., of St. Cathar¬ Brooklvn. N. Y. (U. S. No. 874,864; Dec. SMELTING—Method of Smelting Ores. ines. Limited, St. Catharines, Canada, a Cor¬ 24. 1907.) John C. Hardle, Helena. Mont. (U. S. No. poration of Ontario. (U. S. No. 872,352; SALT 874.336; Dec. 17, 1907.) Dec. 3, 1907.) SULPHIDE ORE TREATMENT—Metal¬ ELECTRIC SMELTING-FURNACE. Wll MINING METHOD—Mining Salt. Herman lurgical Treatment of Sulphurous Ores by the liam R. Parks, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Frasch, Cleveland. Ohio, assignor to United Precipitation Process. Antoine H. Imbert, Samuel Shaw Parks, Chicago, Ill. (U. S. Salt Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a Corpora¬ Grand-Montrouge, France, assignor to Imbert No. 873,890; Doc. 17, 1907.) tion of Ohio. (U S. Nos. 874,906 and 874,- Process Company. New York. N. Y'.. a Corpor¬ FURNACE-STOKER. Edwin E. Slick. 907: Dpc. 24, 1907.) ation of New Y’ork. (U. S. No. 875,579; Dec. Pittsburg, Penn. (U. S. No. 872,382; Dec. 31, 1907.) 3, 1907.) SULPHUR SUI.PHIDE ORE TREATMENT—Process MUFFLE-FURNACE. Edward L. Stine, SIBLLMED SULPHUR — Apparatus for of Rendering Soluble In Water the Nickel Buffalo, N. Y.. assignor to Republic Metal¬ Producing Sublimed Sulphur. Arthur Walter, and Copper Contained in Sulphide Ores and ware Co.. Buffalo, N. Y., a Corporation of Naples. Italy. (U. S. No. 873,812; Dec. 17, ^lattes. Walter S. Gates and Herbert H. New York. (U. S. No. 874,452; Dec. 24. 1907.) Dow. Midland, Mich., assignors, by mesne as¬ 1907.) signments, to Ontario Nickel Co., Limited, ORE-REDUCING FURNACE. James Mc- ZINC Worthington, Canada, a Corporation of Can¬ ada. (U. S. No. 874,496; Dec. 24, 1907.) Txjughlin, Rve, N Y. (U. S. No. 874,527; ORE TREATMENT—Metallurgical Method Dec. 24, 1907.) of Treating Oxidized Zinc Ores (Calamines, MINING MACHINERY AND APPARATU ORE-ROASTER. Allen J. Garver. Clarks- Oxides, Silicates) By the Precipitation Pro¬ ton. Wash., assignor to himself and Jonathan cess. Antoine H. Imbert, Grand Montrouge, DRILIj—I’neumatlc and Other Drill. Mar¬ McAssev C;iarkston. Wash. (U. S. No. 869,- France, assignor to Imhert Process Com¬ tin Hardsoeg, Ottumwa. Iowa. (U. S. No. 360; Oct. 29, 1907.) pany, New A'ork, N. .Y., a Corporation of 868,661; Oct. 22, 1907.)- ROASTING-FURNACE SHAFT. Grant B. New York. (U. S. No. 875,580; Dec. 31, DRILIi—Sink-Shaft Drill. John P. Karns, Shipley, Milwaukee, Wls., assignor to Allls- 1907.) Boulder. Colo., assignor to J. P. Karns Tun¬ Chalmers Co., Milwaukee, Wls., a • Corpora¬ ORE TREATMENT—Process for the Treat neling Machine Co.. Boulder, Colo. (U. S. tion of New Jersey. (U. S. No. 873,687; ment of Zinklferous Ores and Metallurgical No. 874,848; Dec. 24, 1907.) Dec. 10, 1907.) 226 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1508.

Personal Henry P. Lowe, managing director of Obituary the Frontenac Syndicate, Ltd., operating in Gilpin county, Colo., is making a busi¬ Mining and metallurgical engineers are in¬ The many friends of Henry Burrow vited to keep The Engineering and Mining ness visit to London, England. Journal informed of their movements and Vercoe will regret to hear of his death, appointments. Harry L. Charles, general manager of which took place Dec. 17, 1907, at St. the Bingham Consolidated Mining and Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, England, after H. M. Swayne, of Butte, Mont., is in Smelting Company, at Salt Lake City, a long and serious illness. He was the Mexico. Utah., resigned his position on Jan. i. eldest son of the late Captain John Ver¬ H. C. Holthoff, of Taxca, Mexico, is W. Rowland Cox has resigned as coe, of Bodmin, Cornwall, a well-known in the United States on a short trip. assistant general superintendent of the mining engineer in the early days. For J. P. Smith, of Denver, Colo., is in American Smelters Securities Company, many years Mr. Vercoe was actively en¬ gaged in mining in various parts of the Mexico City on professional business. in charge of mines in Mexico, in order to engage in private work. United Kingdom and for 12 years prior to Zach. Samuels, of Mexico City, has re¬ his retirement he had been heavily inter¬ turned from a business trip to London. W. F. Brunne, of New York, was in Port Arthur, Ont., recently, arranging for ested in gold and copper properties in Cal¬ James Douglas went last week to Ariz¬ the transfer of several gold locations in ifornia. ona whence he expects to return in about the Sturgeon Lake district to a syndicate James B. Gallagher died in Butte, Mont., a month. of New York capitalists. Jan. 5, of pneumonia; he was 54 years old. S. V. Kemper, of Butte, Mont., is in He was born in Ely, Nev., and removed to Major Harley, mining engineer, of Lon¬ Mexico on a general inspection trip to Butte in 1882. He was engaged in mining don, England, is examining iron-ore various mining camps. all of his active life. He w’as at one time properties in McTavish and McGregor J. J. Yeckel, of Oaxaca, Mexico, has assayer and chemist of the Parrot Mining townships, near Port Arthur, Ont., in the gone to San Antonio, Texas, and to St. Company and later was the manager of the interests of a British syndicate. Louis, Mo., on business. Copperopolis mine near Sulphur Springs. Prof. Robert H. Richards, of Boston, is Samuel Newhouse and Lafayette Han- He was also at one time in charge of the paying a professional visit to Great Falls chett, general manager of the Newhouse properties owned by the Trenton Mining and Anaconda, Montana. mines, have left Salt Lake City to attend Company, and at the time of his death was the annual meeting of the Boston Con¬ manager of the Washoe sampling works. John Wessell has been appointed man¬ solidated Mining Company in London. He was prominent in social life and pol¬ ager of the Lee S. property at Sunset, itics in Montana and had many friends. J. S. Kent has resigned his position as Boulder county, Colorado. He left a widow and one son. superintendent of the rail mill of the Neil J. Sorenson, president of the San Dominion Iron and Steel Company, Syd¬ Lucas Mining Company, Mexico, is in ney, N. S. After taking a trip to Eng¬ Atlanta, Ga., on a vacation. Industrial land, he will return to the Lnited States. W. S. Leebrick, of Montezuma, Colo., William Mackenzie, president of the president of the Montezuma Mines Com¬ The latest catalog of the A. S. Cameron Canadian Northern Railway, and heavily pany, has gone East on business. Steam Pump Works, New York, not only interested in mining and industrial enter¬ gives full descriptions of pumps of all George A. Sanborn, manager of the prises, returned to Toronto on Jan. ii classes, but also includes a number of use¬ Fraction mine, near Idaho Springs, Colo., from a three months’ trip to England on ful tables giving pump capacities, friction is making a business visit to Detroit. financial business. of water in pipes, pressure of water at dif¬ Charles Hocking has been appointed John H. Brickenstein, long examiner in ferent hights, capacity of pipes and other superintendent of the mill of the Demo¬ metallurgy in the United States Patent information, making it a handy book of crat Mining Company, at Georgetown, Office, has resigned his position and will reference as well as a catalog. Colorado. enter into the practice of patent law as a The use of lifting magnets in connection J. R. Finlay, consulting mining engineer, member of the firm of Byrnes, Townsend with cranes, etc., in handling iron and of New York, went to Missouri, Jan. 21, & Brickenstein, of Washington. steel of all kinds, is a recent development which dispenses with the services of many for a lo-day trip of inspection of his min¬ Arthur L. Walker has severed his con¬ laborers in iron yards, foundries and mills. ing interests. nection with the American Smelting and The construction and use of such magnets Refining Company, and will shortly go to Joseph F. Bridge, of Dumont, Colo., is fully described and illustrated in a Bermuda for a vacation. Upon his return has been appointed superintendent of the pamphlet recently issued by the Electric from Bermuda he will open an office in Marshall-Russell tunnel in Clear Creek Controller and Supply Company, of Cleve¬ New York as consulting metallurgical en¬ county, Colorado. land, Ohio. gineer. George A. Schroeter has returned to Wm. Waldie, of Nelson, B. C., owner Denver after two months spent in in¬ Francis L. Robbins, formerly president of the Queen gold-quartz mine, near Sal- stalling the Butters filters at the Dolores of the Pittsburg Coal Company, and for mo, B. C., is adding 10 stamps to his mill, mines in Mexico. two years past president of the Mononga- making 20 in all. Other new equipment hela River Coal and Coke Company, has Owen Rice, general manager of the ordered includes a Canadian Rand Com¬ retired from that position, and is no lon¬ Dives-Pelican mines at Silver Plume, pany’s cross-compound, belt-driven air ger connected with the company. It is Colo., has returned from a business visit compressor, capacity 1015 cu.ft. of free air said that he will take charge of another to Eastern points. per min. compressed to 100 lb.; a 42-in. large coal interest. by TO ft. air receiver; complement of 3l4~ Harry A. Lee, of Denver, Colo., has J. B. Risque, manager of the Utah Con¬ in. new' type Little Giant machine drills; been spending a week in New York, and solidated Mining Company, has gone to and a I2xi5-in. single-drum hoist, to be has gone to Cobalt, Ont., where he will New York to confer with the executive operated by compressed air. examine several mines. heads of the company. It is expected that, The committee of creditors of the West- O. B. Thompson, manager of the Fifty by the'time he is ready to return to Salt inghouse Electric and Manufacturing Gold Mines Corporation, operating at Lake, the plans of the company as re¬ Company has prepared a plan for the ad¬ Black Hawk, Colo., has returned from a gards the building of a new smelter in justment of the company’s finances. It business visit to New York. Utah will have been formulated. provides for an issue of $35,000,000 in 5 January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 227 per cent, bonds to take up the outstanding discussed. The afternoon program proved Pp. 64, indexed, illustrated, paper, 7j4x bonds, $20,469,000, and the floating debt, highly interesting and instructive. Among ioj4 in. ‘which amounts to $14,531,000. The plan the prominent speakers present and the Denver Engineering Works Company, further provides for the payment of $7,- subjects of their remarks were the follow¬ Denver, Colo. Bulletin No. 1032. Elec¬ 000,000 new capital into the company’s ing: tric Hoists. Pp. 48. Bulletin No. 1033. treasury for new stock, which is to be “Need of a Federal Bureau of Mines.” Gears. Pp. 20. Bulletin No. 1034. Rigid taken by President Westinghouse and his Prof. H. Foster Bain, director of the Il¬ Rolls for Ore Crushing. Pp. 16. Illus¬ friends. linois Geological Survey. trated, paper, 8^xiol4 in.; August i, The Consolidated Mining and Smelting “Co(")peration in Mining and Geology.” 1907. Company of Canada, Ltd., recently made Prof. S. Grant, Northwestern Uni¬ Fort Wayne Electric -Works, Fort a shipment of 250,000 oz. silver to the new versity, Evanston, Ill. Wayne, Ind. Bulletin No. 1102. List of Canadian mint at Ottawa. The silver was “Present and Future of Mining in Tri- Plants Operating Direct-Current Direct- in bars and 0.999 fmc. It was smelted State Field.” Mayor Shunk, of Dubuque, Connected Generators, Types MP and from British Columbia ores in the w'orks Iowa. MPL. Pp. 10, November 15, 1907. Bul¬ of the Consolidated Company at Trail, and “Electric Smelting.” F. D. Snyder, of letin No. 1103. Series A. C. Arc Light¬ refined at the same works. The mint will Chicago, Ill. ing System. Pp. 20, January i, 1908. Bul¬ require about 1,000,000 oz. this year, and “Mining Trade Education and Purposes letin Index. Index to Bulletins Nos. tool its specifications call for bars 0.998 fine, of the New Mining School at Platteville.” tc 1103. Pp. 4, January i, 1908. All illus¬ riie production of the Trail smelter, Prof. R. B. Brinsmade, director of Min¬ trated, paper, 8xloj4 in. chiefly from lead bullion* is at present ing School at Platteville. about 150,000 oz. silver and 2000 oz. gold “Collection of Statistics Relating to the Crocker-Wheeler Company, Ampere. N. monthly. Heretofore the Trail silv'er has Mining Industry.” C. E. Siebenthal, U. S. J. Bulletin No. 91. Induction Motor gone partly to the United States, partly to Geological Survey, Washington. Panels. Pp. 8. Bulletin No. 92. Combined China and Japan. banquet was tendered to visiting Generator and Feeder Panels Direct Cur¬ members in the evening by the Business Bulletin No. 1604 of the Allis-Chalmers rent, 125-250 Volts. Pp. 8. Bulletin No. Men’s Association of Galena. Company describes a pump designed to 93. Sm.all Engine Type Direct Current meet the requirements of plants where Generators. Pp. 8. Bulletin No. 94. Al¬ ternating Current Switchboard Panels steam economy is an important factor in Trade Catalogs the cost of production. The Allis-Chal- Type 10 Three-Phase. Pp. 16. All illus¬ mers hydraulic transmission pump is trated, paper, 71/2x10 in.; October, 1907. built for any capacity desired up to 400 Receipt is acknowledged of the follow¬ gal. per minute, and pressures as high as ing trade catalogs and circulars: Construction News 6000 lb. per square inch. Putnps of this Ohio Brass Company, Mansfield, Ohio. type are particularly adapted for operating Monthly Bulletin. Pp. 20, illustrated, under conditions that entail hard and con¬ paper, 6x8y/2 in.; January, 1908. Salina, Colorado—The Pollock Mining tinuous service, as in mines; for forcing Arlington Manufacturing Company, Company is arranging to put in a 20- fluids through pipe lines, or for the opera¬ Canton, Ohio. Arlington Technical Paints stamp mill on its property. Address at tion of hydraulic presses, and apparatus of for All Purposes. Pp. 20, paper, 4x9 in. Salina. all kinds which depends for its success¬ Wood Drill Works, Paterson. N. J. Central City, Colorado — The Pearl ful operation upon the delivery of water Testimonials as to the Working of the Tatum Mining Company will put in an or other liquids under heavy pressure. Wood Rock Drills. Pp. 24. paper, 3l<2x air compressor and a loo-h.p. boiler. R. The LTnited States District Court in St. 6 in. Wilkinson, Central City, Colo., is man¬ Louis has reduced the award of the spe¬ ager. cial master in the patent-infringement suit J. II. Hillman & Son, Frick Building, of the Westinghouse Electric and Manu¬ Pittsburg, Penn. How Connellsville Coke The Great Overland property has been facturing Company against the Wagner is Made. Pp. 28, illustrated, paper, 7%\ sold, and the new- owners propose to put Electric Manufacturing Company, from \o]4 in. in new machinery. A. J. Smith, Central $132,433 to $i and costs. The suit was Wagner Electric Manufacturing Com¬ City, Colo., is in charge. pany, St. Louis, !Mo. Bulletin 78. Wag¬ filed in 1902, and charged an infringement Miami, Oklahoma — A concentrating ner Transformers. Pp. 12, illustrated, of patent. The Wagner company ad¬ mill of 200 tons daily capacity, for zinc paper, 6x9 in.; 1907. mitted there had been a slight infringe¬ ores, is to be put in at the Old Chief ment of the patent, but asserted that it Murray Iron Works Company. Burling¬ mine. A. L. Maness, Webb City, Mo., is was only a small p:irt of the entire appar¬ ton, Iowa. Series 1). No. 7. Nomencla¬ lessee. atus. The award made by the special ture of Murray Corliss Engines. Pp. 24. master represented all the profits made by illustrated, paper, 7x10 in. Hessie, Colorado—The Highland Mary the Wagner company in infringing on the Mining Company proposes to install a H. A\'. Johns-Manville Company, too transformers, the patented article. On liydro-elcctric power plant next spring William Street, New York City. Linolite; the contention that the infringements did on its property in Boulder county. Ad¬ riie Modern System of Lighting. Leaflet, not affect the sale of the article because of dress at Hessie. illustrated, paper, 3Jjx6 in.; 1907. the particular!}’- slight portion of the pat¬ Idaho Springs Colorado — The Old ented part, Judge Dyer holds that the A. S. Cameron Steam Pump Works, Town Consolidated Mining Company is \\ estinghouse Company failed to show foot of East 23rd Street, New York City. arranging to build a concentrating mill that the infringement produced the profit. Number 35. Steam Pumps. Pp. 158, at the mouth of the Newhouse tunnel. indexed, illustrated, paper, 6x9 in.; 1908. G. K. Kimball, Idaho Springs, Colo., is Societies and Technical Schools George F. Blake Manufacturing Com¬ manager. pany, 114-118 Liberty Street, New York. Black Haivk, Colorado—The Fifty Gold Bulletin B-808. List of Parts of Blake Tri-State Mining Association—This as¬ Mines Corporation is figuring on the Pumps. Pp. 12, illustrated, paper, 6x9 in. sociation held its fourth successful meet¬ erection of a roasting plant to treat its ing at Galena, Ill., Friday, Jan. 17. An American Well Works, Aurora, Ill. ores, which carry copper, gold and silver. informal session w'as held in the morning, Bulletin 104. Modern Practice in “Amer¬ O. B. Thompson, Black Hawk, Colo., is m which general conditions were freely ican” Centrifugal Pump Construction. manager. 228 • THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. Special Correspondence from Mining Centers News of the Industry Reported by Special Representatives at Denver, Salt Lake City, San Francisco and Toronto REVIEWS OF IMPORTANT EVENTS

This gave them money enough to travel months, is a cause of congratulation. San Francisco on. Before making the clean-up they were During the long idleness a larger por¬ Jan. 12—The supervisors of San Mateo broke. All have left the camp, and mine tion of the miners left the camp, but there county have passed an ordinance placing and mill have shut down. The property are plenty of men to do all the necessary smelting works erected in that county is still in the hands of the sheriff's keeper. work. The three mines named arc all (adjoining San Francisco) under the There is nothing irregular in the trans¬ large gold producers. The Utica was for supervision of the county health officer, action. By agreement between the com¬ many years the leading quartz gold pro¬ and providing stringent conditions under pany and the creditors the miners were ducer in California, this place now, how¬ which they may be allowed to operate. permitted to help themselves. They ren¬ ever, having been taken by the Kennedy, The ordinance was presented by the dered a strict account of everything and of Amador county, which also has the Home Protection Association, composed the $2600 that they paid themselves re¬ deepest shaft in the State, and one of the of wealthy residents of the bay counties duces the amount of their attachment by best equipped. near the site of the proposed Guggenheim that sum. The Bonanza-King is the smelter at Point San Bruno. The ordin¬ Treadwell mine involved in the failure of Salt Lake City ance was passed without giving the smel¬ the California Safe Deposit and Trust Jan. 16—The organization of the Utah ter people any hearing on the subject to Company. .Mine Owners’ Association Jan. 15 is contradict the cx parte statements sub¬ The great Table mountain at Orovillc, looked upon as being one of the most im¬ mitted to the supervisors. It is believed Butte county, the end of a lava-capped portant events affecting the mining in¬ that the ordinance as it stands at present divide, is underlaid with auriferous gravel. terests of this State which has oc¬ v/ill virtually prevent the erection or At one end is the famous old Cherokee curred for a long time. By many operation of the smelter where several mine, which yielded by hydraulic process the arbitrary action of the American thousand men would be employed. Citi¬ ten to twelve millions, and at the other Sm.elting and Refining and United States zens of South San Francisco have, since end is Morris Ravine, six miles from companies in advancing smelting rates on the passage of the ordinance, held a meet¬ Oroville, where there are several drift ores is regarded as being an unwise policy, ing to protest against it and have ap¬ mines. A preliminary survey has been which has resulted in arraying the mine pointed a committee to take the matter made for a great mining tunnel under owners to combat them, if necessary, to up. The supervisors doubtless did not this mountain, to be some five miles long, obtain fair treatment. The officers of the know of the adoption of the recent inven¬ to prospect and work the gravel channel new organization are: John Dern, presi¬ tion for preventing damage by smelter which lies under it. A number of small dent; Thomas Kearns, vice-president; fumes by the Selbj' Smelting and Lead tunnels have been run at different periods Willard F. Snyder, second vice-president; Company, but as representatives of the but there was an excess of water. The II. S. Joseph, secretary; C. E. Loose, company were not present at the meeting, proposed tunnel would drain the property, treasurer; who, with L. Hanchett, Ernest nor even invited to be there, they could so the water could run out by gravity. Bamberger, George W. Riter and W. C. not well officially give this information. The tunnel would, in fact, make virtually Alexander, comprise the board of direc¬ If the Selby people are prevented from a great drift mine by wffiich the buried tors. The articles of the association building the smelter at Baden on the gravel of the old river channel could be adopted and to which every member sub¬ shores of San Francisco bay, they will exploited. scribes set forth that the object of the not build elsewhere within the State of In Del Xorte county, on the north¬ association is to guard the interests of # California. western coast, the early-day miners in a those engaged in the mining industry in The Palm Borate Company, of Los An¬ few }'ears cleaned out the creek beds with the State of Utah ; to promote State and geles, owning borax lands near Daggett, pan, rocker and sluice. Few operations National legislation affecting the mining San Bernardino county, has sold out to in hydraulic quartz mines have been and smelting industries and metal trade; English people, *who expect to put up a started until lately, but now several are in 10 encourage amicable relations between concentrating and.refining plant near the operation. At Haines Flat, there is deep employees; to obtain equitable adjustment mine. Finch & Campbell, of Spokane, gravel worth an average of 8c. per cubic of railroad, freight and smelting rates: to Wash., are largely interested in the deal. yard. Big Flat, Coon mountain, French promote friendly relations between ore The 21-mile pipe-line from Telescope hill. Myrtle creek and the beds of Smith producers, custom smelters and mills; to peak to the gold camp of Skidoo, Inyo and Klamatli rivers are rich in gold carry¬ cooperate with similar organizations in county, costing upward of $200,000, has ing a little platinum. At Monumental the other .States and to better all conditions been completed. The camp is at 6000 ft. company of that name has spent large under which mines are operated. The altitude in the Panamint range, and has sums in prospecting and developing quartz revenues of the organization are derived always been without a satisfactory water claims. Within the past two years a from an annual membership fee of 50c. supply. Water has heretofore been sold number of copper prospects of value have on each $1000 of pay roll,- but the mini¬ for IOC. a gallon, but the completion of been found, but there are no smelters in mum charge will be $25. *he pipe line now brings a suitable supply. the county and no railroads or navigable The annual meeting of shareholders of Forty-four miners who attached the streams. The prospects are now such, the Jennie Gold Mining Company, operat¬ Bonanza King mine in Trinity county however, that facilities for transportation ing at Gold Springs, Utah, resulted in the over two weeks ago for $6000 due for and reduction of ores will soon be fur¬ election of Charles A. Short, president; wages have paid themselves $2600 by nished. H. R. Elliott, vice-president; and W. W. working ore they had themselves mined The starting up again of both the Utica Barton, secretary and treasurer. The while on wages. They ran a batch of ore ' and Lightner mines, as . well as the Jennie mine is now second among the through the mill, and cleaned up enough Angels, at Angels, Calaveras county, after mines of Utah exclusively producing gold, to pay each one a little more than $50. labor troubles extending over several gold.

i. January 25, 1908. THE ENGlNEF.RINT'i AND MINIXCi JOURNAL. 229

The Utah Fuel Company has closed sev¬ ism. riie capitalists of this city held 'Ihe Young Men’s Christian Association eral of its mines in Carbon county and themselves severely aloof, or covertly in the anthracite region has taken up the Mr. Williams, the manager, says that in fought the enterprise. Happily this war question of minimizing the dangers in coal all probability others will be shut down. is at an end, for it is now announced that mining and will organize mining institutes This is much in contrast to the conditions practically the same group of capitalists in the different cities. The object of the which existed a year ago at this time who compose the Transcontinental Rail¬ institute is to give the mine workers a when coal-mining companies found it al¬ way Tunnel Company, have formed the technical knowledge of their work. The most impossible to supply the demand. Denver-Steamboat Springs Construction institutes will also prepare candidates for Tlie closing of so many metal mines and Company, to take up the work of the con¬ the examination for foremen and assistant smelters throughout the West has caused tractors, who, owing to the money foremen. Meetings will be held at regular a great falling off in the demand for fuel stringency, were unable to complete it. intervals, w'hcn lectures will be given and and the Utah Fuel Company has reduced 1 he new contracts have been signed, and practical demonstrations of the higher and its working days to four instead of six. the line will be completed at once through more scientific features of mining will be Altogether, about 2000 men are employed, the southeastern portion of the coalfield, given. and the present output is about 7000 tons to Steamboat Springs, a distance of 67 An original plan has been adopted by the a day. In order to meet the cut made by miles. Construction of the six-mile tun¬ Kingston Coal Company for extinguishing Wyoming operators, the price of coal at nel will commence as soon as the road is fires in culm banks. A big blaze in the the mines has been reduced 25c. per ton. being operated into the coalfield. bank at No. 2 colliery called for extra ef¬ About 30 mining companies of Utah .According to some previous remarks forts to save the culm and Superintendent have brought suit against the Secretary and predictions on the subject in these Zerby is building a flush line from the of State to test the validity of the corpora¬ columns. Judge Lewis, of the Federal bank to the mine and intends to flush the tion tax law' enacted at the last session of Court, on Dec. 30, quashed all but two of burning material into the mine in just the the Utah legislature. One of the reasons the indictments for coal-land frauds in same manner as the culm is flushed, the set forth is that of double taxation. The this State, ruling that department regula¬ heated coal, slate and other materials com¬ amount of the tax is $50 on each $1,000,- tions arc not laws, and that under them ing in contact with the mine water. This, 000 capitalization. Failure to pay the tax criminal charges cannot be made. The plan will fill up the abandoned workings as by Jan. 15 of each year imposes a penalty Government attorneys, it is said, will take with ordinary culm, while it extinguishes of $100. It is believed that the contest¬ the cases to the United States Supreme the culm fires. ants of the law’ will win. Court on a writ of error, and have 30 The laws of Pennsylvania provide that A deal is pending for the consolidation days to perfect their bill. It was held no boy under the age of 14 years shall be of the \cvada-Utah and Ohio-Kentucky by the court that there is nothing in the employed in or around a breaker. This properties at Pioche. They own several statutes that prohibits the making of con¬ week, a boy, named Thomas Long, was valuable claims in the district jointly, each tracts for transfer of coal lands at any fatally injured at the breaker of No. 18 corporation owning an undivided one-half lime before or after entry. Tlic persons colliery, of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre interest. filing on the lands in these cases before Coal Company, at Wanamie, who, it is the court had paid the full price demanded claimed, was but 10 years of age. An by the Government, kept within the acre Denver inquest has been demanded to ascertain if age limit of the statute, and are not dt this charge is correctly made. Jail. 18—In the issue of .\ugust 17, 1907. nounced as criminals by the law on any the JouRX.M, published a brief description action performed by them under the coal- and ma]) of the Vampa coalfield of Colo¬ entry act. If -the ruling of Judge Lewis Toronto rado, now to be opened by the Denver, is sustained by the Supreme Court, the Jan. 17—Judge Burbidge, of the Ex- Northwestern & Pacific Railway, the Mof¬ only recourse of the Government will be chequer Court of Canada, rendered a fat road: and in the issue of November by civil suits in equity, asking the courts

Alaska in the mine. '1 he Burro mine has ere tramway is virtually completed. '1 lie averaging $60 per ton. On the Lee-Jumbo tramway has been unable to deliver the Koyukuk District mine, three shafts have been sunk in good usual quantity of ore, so only two fur¬ Reports come from Valdez of a rich milling ore. Other mines now sacking ore naces at the smelter are in operation. strike made by some miners, who found are the Grotto, Skidoo, Gilt Edge, Lee When the railroad is in operation five an old channel on Nolan’s creek. At a Bonanza and Echo Lee. furnaces will be in use. depth of 125 ft. gravel carrying high Northern Light—This mine at De La¬ values was struck. Many prospectors Madera County mar has been sold by Geo. Van Staden to liave started for the district. Hildreth—At this old camp C. R. Hotch¬ the Bully Hill Copper Mining and Smelt¬ kiss is operating several claims he recently ing Company, which has held the option Arizona purchased, and in one drift, at a depth of for a year past. 300 ft., is in a good body of ore. There Cochise County are a number of abandoned mines at the Umpire Copper and Gold Mining Com¬ Sierra County place, including the McNally, which was pany—Sinking in the two-compartment Croesus—This company is expected to worked to 900 ft. depth. shaft on the property at Johnson has been have its mill make a long crushing of resumed. The shaft is down about 300 Mono County the quartz from the new shoot discovered a few' months since. feet. Oil—.\t Mono Lake preparations for Sierra Buttes—Only 20 stamps out of Graham County boring for oil are in progress. The island the 60 at this mine are running, but the Arizona Copper Company, Ltd.—The in the lake is the center of interest, and several sets of locators are wrangling over grade of ore being crushed is much higher production of copper for the month of than usual. December was 1412 short tons. the titles to the land. Nevada County Si.sKiYou County Santa Cruz County Xorambagua—The crushing last made Scott Bar—On the Rock Point mine Mejia—H. J. Karns and associates have from this mine averaged $29.75 per ton. at this place, Nesbit & Simon have their secured a working bond on this old mine Machinery for sinking will shortly be put large giant ready for work as soon as a in the Planchas de Plata district, west in. A drift is now' being run north into plentiful water supply comes. While this of Nogales. A plant to treat the dumps is virgin ground. mine was worked by the drift process two to be installed. Normandie—This mine, owned by Frank years ago, it yielded coarse gold and nuggets, one of which was worth $500. Gila County Dulmaine, has been bonded to R. Findley- son and associates, all young men, who Arizona Commercial—President N. L. Trinity County have commenced work on the property Amster has announced that the company themselves. The old machinery is being La Grange Hydraulic Mining Company intends to resume shipping ore from the repaired and some new has been ordered. —This extensive property is being worked Black Hawk mine in a few days. A new with a full crew and a number of giants. South Yuba—^This property has been three-compartment shaft will be sunk on Some of the gravel banks are 500 ft. high. the Eureka claim. under prospecting for months and only recently a rich strike of native copper was Klondike—This claim is being fitted up made, said to be the first ever encountered by S. Ledgerwood ready for hydraulick- California in the county. The property is principally ing. number of good-sized nuggets have been found. Calaveras County owned by Grass valley men. Yuba—This old property at Maybert is A gravel mine near the old Boston being worked under superintendent C. Colorado claim on the Mokelumne river, owned by A. Marriner, and 10 stamps are crushing S. L. Davidson, of Mokelumne hill, is Boulder County ore from the Mayflower claim, while the yielding handsomely just now in coarse Ballarat-Smuggier—D. S. Vaughan, of ether 10 are crushing that from the Yuba. :gold. The claim is under lease to T. & Denver, and Eastern associates are re¬ H. MeSorley, who are “drifting” it. Placer County ported to have paid $100,000'for this prop¬ erty near Jamestown; a 20-ton cyanide There are some 30 acres of gravel in the Asbestos—W. S. Haworth and T. E. mill is to be erected this spring. deposit. Morgan are opening several asbestos de¬ posits near Green valley, not far from Pembroke Mining Company—An air- Inyo County Alta. Eastern capital has now become in¬ compressor plant and power drills will he Estella—This company has taken over terested and larger workings w'ill be installed at this property near Nederland. tlie properties of Troeger Brothers and opened. New York Mining and Tunneling Com¬ -of Clinton & Sweetzer, at Cerro Gordo, Barton—At this mine, near Westville, pany—Theodore Craig, manager for the and has commenced work on a tunnel to the ledge is 5 to 7 ft. wide, carrying .low- company, is having the machinery over¬ "tap the properties at great depth and to grade ore running from 50 cents to $2.50 hauled for a resumption of operations at finally be about 7000 ft. long. An air per ton, with additional values in tlie sul- the property near Jamestown. compressor will be installed and power phurets. Lincoln Mining, Milling and Develop¬ ^drills used. ment Company—This company, operating JLee District—In this district, near the Shasta County in Bummer gulch is installing an air-com¬ "Nevada boundary line, the Hayseed is Mammoth—The new mine-to-smelter pressor plant and boiler; Sullivan air drills now sacking shipping ore from four places railroad, to take the place of the aerial W'ill be used. N. M. Nelson is manager. January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 231

Myrtle—It is reported that this mill at and it will not be long before the lessees Saline County Ward, which was destroyed by fire two will be mining nearly as much ore as was O’Gara Coal Company—This company’s years ago, is to be rebuilt this spring. shipped by the company. In the Coron¬ statement for the year ended Oct. 31 Tungsten Shipments—Six carlots of ado, Mr. Bennett and his associates are shows 781,547 tons coal mined in 1906, tungsten concentrates were recently working on the 600-ft. level. They have and 1,718,126 in 1907; an increase of shipped from the Boulder County tungsten just put on three shifts of men, and are 936,579 tons. The president’s report says: mill at Cardinal. hoisting ore. In the Grey Eagle, B. I. “We have at the present time 13 mines Graves is employing about 10 men. The in operation. When we took these mines Clear Creek County ore carries considerable iron and is being over a couple of years ago, they were not, sold to the Arkansas Valley plant; about Brighton—Eastern people have become* with a few exceptions, fitted for a big out¬ 50 tons per day are shipped. The ore is interested in this property on Seaton put. Since then the plants have all been hoisted through the Penrose shaft. mountain; an electric hoist will be in¬ modernized, new machinery has been in¬ Joseph Jensen has a lease on a portion stalled at the main shaft. E. D. Quigley, stalled, 300 miners’ houses have been of the Penrose property. At present he of Idaho Springs, is manager. built, and satisfactory contracts have been is working a small force of men. Regular secured for the sale of the product. The Bertha—Eastern people have secured a shipments of ore from this property will treasurer’s report showed that we had on lease and bond on this group of claims, commence in a few days. Nov. I, 1907, available for dividend ap¬ and will work them through the New- Midas—Frank H. Trego, cashier of the proximately $30,000. This overcomes a house tunnel. Joseph Beilis, of Idaho Western Mining Company, and associ¬ deficit of about $70,000 of a year ago, and Springs, is manager. ates have taken a lease on the old Midas shows a net gain for the year of sub¬ Great Center—This group of two claims property, adjoining the Penrose. They stantially $100,000, after payment of all has been sold for $10,000 to Iowa cap¬ are prospecting virgin ground on the 500- expenses and bond interest.” italists, who will install electric machinery. ft. level. A large body of iron ore has Daniel E. Gabriel, of Idaho Springs, is been struck; possibly tliis is a continua¬ manager. tion of the body of iron ore which was Indiana discovered in the Penrose shaft when the The scarcity of gas for fuel purposes Dou)res County Home Mining Company had a lease on in the Indiana oilfields is proving a det^'i- I'nited Rieo—Since this company began that part of the mine. The ore is ment to the average oil operator, as coal to publish its weekly and monthly reports trammed from the Midas shaft to the and gasolene are expensive for fuel; in in the Rico Nezvs, the number of stock¬ Penrose, a distance of about 900 ft., and consequence the pumping of a number of holders has doubled. If this plan of pub¬ hoisted through the latter. This will con¬ wells has ceased until spring. “It is evi¬ licity were adopted generally by mining tinue for the present, or until the water dent,” the operators say, “that to handle companies, it would do a good deal to rises to this level. After that the lessees the big salt-water wells successfully elec¬ put an end to mining fakes and wildcat will equip the Midas shaft with a hoist. tricity will be the proper power. From schemes and insure legitimate companies There is no danger that the water wdll the electric trolley lines power can be the serious consideration and interest of ever rise as high as the ore in the Midas furnished for the pumping of the wells. the investing ptiblic. The United Rico property. This kind of power can be used to good is now shipping crude ore and concen¬ Ballard—It seems probable that a new advantage and will come much cheaper trate. company will be organized to work the than any other power. If this can be ob¬ tained the oil industry will take on new Jefferson County Ballard, President and other adjoining claims on Breece hill. These properties life.” Eighteen wells were brought in or B. M. & D.—This copper mine situated have only been worked spasmodically, and completed in the State in one week near Evergreen has been sold by McCaffey then merely at shallow depths. There is recently, and two dry holes. The wells Bros, to Eastern people, who intend to in¬ no reason why some of the rich bodies are average producers, running from 25 stall new machinery at an early date. of ore found in the Little Jonny should to 50 barrels per day. not extend to the west and enter this Lake County—Leadville Clay County ground. Some very rich gold ore has Vandalia Coal Company—Mine No. 65 Downtown Section—The pulling of been shipped from the Ballard, and the of this company, near Cleveland, has been the pumps from the Penrose shaft may bismuth ore, that has been shipped to closed by a fire. It started when only a not have such a depressing feature as was Wales from this property, has netted the few men were at work, and they all at first supposed. It is true that it will owners considerable money, but the mine escaped. Attempts are being made to ex¬ flood the lower workings of the Coron¬ has been closed for years owing to litiga¬ tinguish the fire. ado, Northern, Sixth Street, Grey Eagle, tion. It is the intention of this new com¬ Penrose and a large number of smaller pany to form a holding company, leave Gibson County shafts in the down-town section when the the royalties from the ores in the hands Harry Whitman and Vincent Adams, water reaches its highest level; but it of the court and, when the case is finally two coal miners, upon a plea of guilty, nay never rise high enough to affect the disposed of, to turn the money over to the were fined by a local court for having smaller shafts, and there is a large terri¬ parties entitled to receive it. drilled unlawful holes for purposes of tory above the water-level which can be firing shots in a local coal mine. Two mined successfully for an indefinite charges have been filed against George period. A large number of men have been Illinois Burton, superintendent of the mine, for thrown out of employment by the shut¬ failing to provide fire-clay and other non- ting down of these pumps, but leases are Marshall County intlammable material necessary for the still being granted and men are steadily IVenona Smelter—The zinc smelter at men in tamping the shots, and also for being put to work. Wenona, consisting of two blocks of 512 failure to keep the mine properly sprin¬ Western Mining Company — At the retorts, has been purchased by Keel & kled. His case will be tried in a few present time the various lessees are work¬ Anderson, of Chicago, who also have ex¬ days. The disposition of the case against ing about 50 men, and this number will tensive mining interests in the Wisconsin Superintendent Burton will have much to be increased as soon as the lessees can zinc district. They expect to add a sul¬ do with the two big damage suits which get in shape to mine intelligently. The phuric acid department, to utilize the sul¬ are about to be filed against the Princeton ■work thus far has been very encouraging, phur as a by-product. Coal Mining Company by the widows of 232 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. the two men who were killed in a recent Ojibway—Sinking is going forward in Pilot-Butte—This company holds the accident in the mine. the two shafts. No. i shaft, the newest record for rapidity in shaft sinking, the Greene County of the openings is down about 75 ft. where total depth attained in its shaft during a fissure was encountered which carries United Mining Association—This is the November and December being 250 ft. considerable copper. Both shafts are be¬ name of a new corporation recently The shaft is now 515 ft. deep and a sta¬ ing sunk in the foot wall and it is the in¬ organized with headquarters in Midland. tion is being cut on the 500-ft. level. tention of the management to start drift¬ The company proposes to sink shafts and East Butte—The leasers who are oper¬ ing at a depth of about 350 ft. Two hoist¬ construct tipples and other necessary ating the big precipitating works on this ing plants each with a capacity of 1500 ft. buildings and equipment for the develop¬ company’s ground are engaged in enlarg¬ in depth are being installed and an order ment of coal lands near Midland. The ing the plant, and will about double its has been placed for one alternating-current directors are Leonard Lutes, L. E. Cul¬ capacity. The precipitates, together with generator with the necessary switchboards bertson, F. L. McElroy and W. F. Brown. a limited amount of ore from the upper and transformers for light and power pur¬ levels of the property, are being shipped Vigo County poses. to the Clark reduction works. Sugar Grove Coal Mining Company— Butte Central & Boston—It is reported This company, with chief offices in Terre Missouri that efforts are being made to straighten Haute, has filed articles of incorporation. Zinc-Lead District out the affairs of this company so that The object of the company is to sink Columbia Zinc Company—This company work may be resumed on the Ophir. It shafts, open and operate coal mines, con¬ made an extensive test of its ore recently, is the desire of the company to sink this struct and operate coke ovens, clay and 200 tons being run through the Cambria shaft to a depth of 1200 feet. brick kilns and to develop coal lands and mill on the tract adjoining. Careful produce clay products. James A. Rich- sampling was done at different places and Beaverhead County art is president; Frank L. Richart, the company has obtained a more accurate Farlin—This camp, situated 12 miles secretary. knowledge of what the values are, where north of Dillon, has been deserted for the the losses occur and what can be re¬ past two years. Recent developments, covered, than is generally had by the local Kansas however, promise renewed activity. The mining companies. The dirt, which is old smelter has been leased and blown in Cherokee County from sheet ground, showed up well. by the operators of the Indian Queen Mission Mining Company—The prop¬ High Grade Mining Company—This mine. erty of this company consists of a lease company’s mill has been destroyed by fire, of 40 acres of ground at Baxter Springs causing a loss of $5000 in all. Park County and a mill of 100 tons capacity. The Newtonia—Two drills are at work East Articles of incorporation of the Vir¬ ground has been thoroughly drilled and of Newtonia and several strikes are re¬ ginia Bell Milling and Development Com¬ ore has been found in a good proportion ported. pany, of Seattle, have been filed with Secretary of State Yoder. This com¬ of the area. The capital stock of the com¬ Trinity Mining Company—This com¬ pany purposes to develop certain proper¬ pany is $2,000,000. The company is con¬ pany, at Porto Rico, having three of the ties in .the Cooke City district which, in trolled by the same men who control the largest mines of the district in its land— the early days, produced silver. In Sunburst Mining Company and the Bax¬ the Whitsett, Cathedral and Trinity—has recent years copper has been found. ter Royalty Company. gone into the hands of a.receiver, on ac¬ count of financial troubles. Michigan Nevada Montana Copper Es.meralda County—Goldfield At a meeting held on Jan. 17, at Atlantic—The new shaft on section 16 1 he output of the Goldfield district still Helena, the Montana Mine Owners’ comes almost entirely from the dumps ex¬ is bottomed in vein matter, at a depth of Association effected a temporary organi¬ 1000 ft. The direction of crosscutting has cept for the tonnage treated at the Com¬ zation. Alleged exorbitant smelter rates bination mill. Since the strike began the been changed from west to east and the and the classification of mineral lands formation seems to be more settled. output of the district up to Jan. 9 has been were the principal subjects of discus¬ 1035 tons, shipped to the smelters from, Calumet & Hecla—An order, issued by sion. Adjournment was taken until Feb. the Little Florence ore dump, and 160 tons, Judge Knappen, of the Federal Court at 17, when the different committees will shipped by smaller leases to the Western Grand Rapids, Mich., requires Superin¬ report. Ore Purchasing Company. The Combina¬ tendents Cooper and Patch and Vice- Butte District tion mill has treated 2400 tons of ore President Livermore to testify regarding All of the Amalgamated Copper Com¬ since it resumed Dec. 12. The plant at the cost of smelting and refining the min¬ pany’s mines in the district are shut Columbia belonging to the Western Ore eral and electrolytically refining copper down, with the exception of those of the Purchasing Company is still closed but the at both Hubbell and Buffalo; and also Boston & Montana Company, which are company is shipping all the ore, that is the cost of freight, insurance, commission being run at full capacity; 2100 men con¬ offered, to its sampling mill at Millers. and all other expenses, excepting the gen¬ stitute the full crew in these mines, and in The Nevada-Goldfield Reduction company eral expenses of the Boston, New York order to give employment to the greatest is running on ore purchased before the and other branch offices, must be sup¬ number of men two crews are worked strike. The Kinkead mill has not been plied. In other words, the total expenses alternately for two weeks each. The sev¬ running since the labor trouble. The incurred by the Calumet & Hecla com¬ eral subsidiary companies of the Amal¬ .\merican Smelting and Refining Company pany in marketing its copper must be gamated have been instructed to supply has offered to make cash settlements on all shown and qlso the cost per lb., at both fuel and food to such of the company’s Goldfield ore assaying 5 oz. gold or under. Hubbell and Buffalo during 1906. former employees as are idle and who Some miners have been shipped in from Isle Royale—Diamond drilling on the may be in actual need. At present the Utah. These came partly from Park City, Hussey-Howe tract has disclosed the output of the company amounts to about a Federation camp. Thomas O’Brien, an Baltic Lode. Work at the new shafts 7,300,000 lb. per month. Unless there is old Comstock miner and formerly labor Nos. 4, 5 and 6 is going forward satis¬ a decided change in the condition of the commissioner of the State of California is factorily, and copper continues to be found copper market' this figure will not be in¬ trying to organize an independent union with depth. creased to any great extent. to be called the Nevada Miners’ Union.. January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 233

Eureka County stated, a new body of ore was cut on the men taken out are A. D. Bailey, P. J. intermediate level, between the 435-ft. Richiiwnd-Eureka—This company has Brown and Fred McDonald. They had and 535-ft. levels, in the Brougher vein been entombed 45 days but, owing to the lately shipped from 200 to 225 tons of ore near the east end-line. Most of the ore fact that the 6-in. water pipe remained in¬ per day, but owing to the smelter difficul¬ was taken from this- body during the tact, food and liquids, as well as even ties at Salt Lake, it is probable that the year. Considerable development work some luxuries, could be sent down to re¬ shipments from Eureka will have to be was also done on the 850-ft. level. A lieve the monotony of their experience. materially reduced. Our attention has winze has been sunk from this level to a been called to the statement in a recent depth of 60 feet. article in the Journal that the shipments Oklahoma were only 130 tons per day. The article McNamara Mining Company — Work in question was a report of a visit to the has gone on continuously during the past * Ottawa County year, but owing to litigation with the mines at the end of last July, which was Emma Gordon Mining Company—The West End Consolidated Mining Company evident from the dates in connection with 400-ton mill of this company at Miami is no ore can be shipped until this case is other articles of the same series. The nearly completed. In all 78 drill-holes decided. The mine is in good condition; report of ore shipments was correct for have been put down on the property, with high-grade ore has been found in two that time. very few blanks. places west of the orebodies previously Old Chief—This mine at Miami has Nye County—Bullfrog found. been sub-leased to A. L. Maness and Mayfiozver—Grading for the mill has Tonopah Extension —• Ore is being associates of Webb City, Mo., at a begun. The contract for the machinery mined from all the levels above the 600. royalty of 25 per cent, on zinc and 30 per has already been let. This will be a 20- The west drift on the 600-ft. level is being cent, on lead. The lease includes 5 acres. stanip mill; the tailing from the plates driven ahead rapidly. The north cross¬ A mill of 200-ton capacity is to be erected will be agitated in cyanide solution. The cut on the 1050-ft. level has not reached at once. mill will be constructed so that additions the vein as yet. _t can easily be made to it. Montana Tonopah—At the annual meet¬ Gibraltar—The ore in the Moesser & ing of this company, held in Tonopah, New Mexico Phillips lease is said by Fred Moesser to Jan. 7, the old board of directors and Grant County have improved much recently. Another officers for the ensuing year were re¬ Copper Gulf Development Company— shipment will be made soon. No returns elected. Chas. E. Knox is president; Chas. This company has purchased nearly 1000 have been received as yet from the first E. Morris, vice-president; R. P. Dunlap, acres of mining lands in Burro Moun¬ shipment, which arrived at the smelter second vice-president; W. B. Alexander, tain district. The purchase includes Dec. 29. secretary and treasurer; Henry D. Moore, about 50 tracts of ground owned by as S. Herbert Mullin, F. M. Kirk, Geo. S. Nye County—Tonopah many different persons. Nixon, J. J. McQuillan and Thos. J. Ore shipments from Tonopah mines for Lynch are directors. The annual report the week ending Jan 9 amounted to 366 show's the- affairs of the company to be Oregon tons. The Jim Butler shipped 175 tons; in a satisfactory condition. Tonopah Extension, 88; Midway, 103 JVest End Consolidated — The usual Baker County tons. The Tonopah Company sent 2850 tonnage of high-grade ore is being mined Sumpter Smelter—This smelter shut tons, the Belmont Company 300 and the from the 400-ft. level. Exploratory work down temporarily Jan. 9 owing to dis¬ Montana-Tonopah 1100 tons to the mills, is being done on the west end of this agreement between the management and making the total shipment for the week level. some of the mining companies about ore 4616 tons. Jim Butler—Mining is progressing on settlements. Tonopah Midmay—At the annual meet¬ all the levels. About 50 tons of high- Imperial—^This mine has shut down ing held in Tonopah, Jan. 6, the old board grade ore are mined per week. Consider¬ until the Sumpter smelter resumes work. of directors, H. C. Brougher, J. L. But¬ able milling ore is also being mined. ler, Henry Anderson, R. P. Stenson, T. L. Oddie, J. J. McQuillan and Wm. J. Storey County Pennsylvania Douglass, were re-elected. The directors The following is condensed from the then elected H. C. Brougher, president; Anthracite Coal mine superintendents’ reports for the Wm. J. Douglass, secretary, and N. Nel¬ week ending Jan. ii. Reliance—This colliery, at Upper Pitts- son, superintendent, for the ensuing year. ton, has been started up again, arrange¬ Ophir—This company jointly with the -According to the secretary’s report, ments having been made to pay off the Consolidated Virginia has been repairing money on hand amounts to $79,880.06; miners employed. The company has been the northeast drift on the 1950-ft. level, tonnage shipped and settled for during reorganized, with M. J. Healey, of Pitts- which is used for an air way. On the the year, 2343 tons, assaying $68.51 per ton, as president and manager. 2ioo-ft. level 208 cars of ore and on the ton; total gross value, $160,520.85; ton¬ 220O-ft. level 165 cars of ore were mined. nage shipped but not settled for as yet, Bituminous Coal Sill floors arc being cut in the vein on 665 tons. Cost of treatment and transpor¬ Monongahela River Consolidated Coal both of these levels. tation was $20,825 per ton; net profit per and Coke Company—At the annual meet¬ ton shipped was $47,687. The report Consolidated Virginia—The main shaft ing last week there was an important states that the greater part of the de¬ was repaired and a small amount of drift¬ change in the management of this company. velopment work was done on the lower ing was done on the 2250-ft. level. Francis L. Robbins, who was formerly levels during the year, with the excep¬ Mexican—A small amount of driving president of the Pittsburg Coal Company, tion of the 435-ft. level, where consider¬ was done on the 2000-ft. level. and who has been president and manager able development work was done east of this company for two years past, was and south of the shaft. On the Brougher White Pine County dropped from the board. Alexander vein, north of the shaft, there is consider¬ Giroux Consolidated—The three miners Dempster, of Pittsburg, will succeed him able ore in sight. Very little stoping was who were entombed in the pump station as president. Mr. Robbins has been a done above the 435-ft. level during the on the looo-ft. level of the Alpha Dec. 4 prominent figure among operators in the past year. Since the last report, it is were rescued at 9 o’clock Jan. 18. The Pittsburg district, and to him was largely January 25, 1908. 234 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. due the breaking up of the Interstate stock at $20 a share. The company’s which were closed about two months ago Agreement with the miners last year. management says that responsible parties by a strike, have started up. About 300 have agreed to underwrite the whole men are at work, two-thirds of them amount of the proposed issue. The bal¬ being the old miners who went out. It South Dakota ance of the increased stock not required is said that more of the old men will Custer County by the conversion of the new bonds will return. Saginaw—Operation has started in the remain unissued to meet future require¬ new 70-ton mill and development work in ments or extensions. Wyoming the mine has been resumed. The mill Salt Lake County Carbon County treats by amalgamation and concentration, Yampa—Two stands of converters are the ore being free-milling and of fair Penn - Wyoming Copper Company — to be installed at this smeltery. They are grade. E. M. Cobb, president of the company, expected to be in operation in about six states that the production of this com¬ Lawrence County months. In the meanwhile the United pany for 1907 was 2,600,000 lb. copper. Dakota—The special meeting of the States company will take care of the The company’s smelting and milling plant stockholders, held in Deadwood, voted to matte as heretofore. was burned down in March, 1906; this accept the stock trade proposition of the Bingham-New Haven—This company is has been rebuilt since and about 50 miles Imperial Mining and Milling company and at present devoting its entire energj- of railroad constructed. the consolidation has now been completely toward development of its Bingham mine. effected. Boston Consolidated—Owing to the dis¬ Imperial—With the change from dry to tressing accident resulting in the death of Canada wet process, the mill output has been in¬ Superintendent of Construction L. H. British Columbia—Salmo-Erie creased and nearly 160 tons daily are now Wheeler, the Garfield mill of this company Gold - quarts Mines — The lode gold being handled. The Dakota mill is being is not yet in operation; it has been neces¬ mines of this part of Nelson mining .di¬ utilized and it is expected to shortly handle sary to order new parts to repair the vision in 1907 mined some 16,000 tons of over 17s tons daily. damage done to the pumping plant. ore of a total value of between $160,000 ■ Minnesota—This 200-ton cyanide mill in and $170,000, chiefly in gold. This in¬ the Maitland district will be crushing ore Summit County cludes production of the Queen, Second by Feb. i, the electric equipment in both Wabash—A strike of rich silver-lead Relief, Kootenay ^ Belle and Arlington hoist and mill having been installed and ore is reported from this property. The mines. the mill nearly completed. stock rose from 7c. to over $i per share Ohio-Beaver Creek—Dr. T. C. Lentz, of within a few days’ time. British Columbia—Slogan Columbus, O., is president. Placer dredg¬ Ruth Mines, Ltd.—The total tonnage ing with the new steam dredge will be Tooele County for 1907 of the Ruth mine, near Sandon, resumed in the spring. Ophir Hill—This property at Ophir is is about 450 tons of silver-lead ore con¬ working the usual force in its mine and taining on an average 95 oz. silver per Pennington County mill, but is shipping only 50 per cent, of ton and 65 per cent. lead. From 1200 to Hayivard—Development work is in pro¬ its output; the balance being retained 1500 tons of zinc concentrate have been gress on this property, owned by Mahlon until higher metal prices prevail. produced at the Ruth mill. This con¬ Williams. The ledge is said to carry co¬ centrate is being shipped to Kaslo for balt and nickel ore. magnetic separation at the Kootenay Ore Omega—The New York owners have Virginia Company’s sampling works. decided to erect a soo-ton treatment plant Pocahontas Consolidated Collieries Ontario—Cobalt District on the ground, all of which is patented. Company—Suit has been begun in the The mill will treat by amalgamation and United States district court at Lynch¬ Ore Shipments—Shipments of ore for cyanide process and will be electrically burg, Va., to set aside the consolidation the week ending Jan. ii were as follows: driven. The property is located near by which this company became owner of Coniagas, 67,020 lb.; La Rose, 85,400; Pactola. the property of the Pocahontas Collieries Nipissing, 121,750; Nova Scotia, 40,790; Company. The suit is brought by certain total, 314,960 pounds. T ennessee minority stockholders of the old com¬ City of Cobalt—The water encountered pany, who refused to deposit their stock in the main shaft is interfering with Polk County or to assent to the consolidation. The operations, but big pumps have been in¬ Tennessee Copper Company—The sul¬ property owned is in the Pocahontas stalled. The main shaft is down 138 ft. phuric acid plant of this company is now field in Virginia, extending through into on a stringer of the main vein which has in full operation. the adjoining section of West Virginia. widened, at this depth, to more than 4 in. of ore stated to run fully 4000 oz. silver Utah per ton. Washington Utah Copper Company—At the annual Cobalt Central—The concentrator is meeting, to be held on Jan. 24, the share¬ Ferry County treating 50 tons of ore daily and will holders will be asked to act upon an Insurgent—This gold mine at Republic shortly be running to its full capacity. amendment to the charter of the com¬ has been leased for six months to W. M. The compressor plant is in operation with pany increasing its capital from $6,600,000 Crummer, of Republic, by G. B. Dennis, 8 drills working night and day shifts. to $7,500,000, all common stock, and to the owner. One shipment of 35 tons has The main shaft is down 170 ft., and the consider^ authorizing an issue of $1,500,- already been made from the lease. Here¬ station has been cut for the third level 000 convertible bonds to be secured by a after the ore will be shipped part to the at 160 ft. Fully 900 ft. of drifting and second mortage on all the company’s Sullivan smelter and part to the Granby. crosscutting have been done on the first property. If these propositions are ap¬ This mine adjoins the Lone Pine. and second levels. On the Gamey prop¬ proved, the management intends to offer erty, recently acquired by this company, pro rata to shareholders the bonds, which Pierce County a small force is employed sinking the will bear 6 per cent, interest and be con¬ Wilkeson Coal and Coke Company— main shaft, which is now down 78 feet. vertible at the option of the holders into The mines of this company at Wilkeson, Columbus—Recently an important January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 235 strike was made on the crosscut at the gold belt, particularly around Batopilas, centrates per month. The mine is ship¬ i(x)-ft. level, 178 ft. from the main shaft, Calabacillos, and the Lluvia de Oro dis¬ ping regularly. where a vein of calcite, quartz and galena tricts. AIexico 10 ft. wide was encountered. Calcite Llttvia de Oro—This company is busy El Oro—A fire which broke out on Jan. stringers run through it and solid galena taking in machinery from the west coast, 18 threatened to destroy the entire town is found in places. The silver content is by way of El Fuerte, on the Mexico, Kan- which is built in a ravine, and many of the sufficient to make a good concentrating .ii3 oz. bullion, an increase of 2222 Rochester - Cobalt — Operations have cz. over November, and of 4784 oz. over been suspended for some weeks on ac¬ Guan.xjuato December 1906. For the year ended Dec. count of a lack of funds. The directors On the authority of Dwight Furness, 31 the total was 551,895 oz. bullion in 1906, recently decided to raise money to resume former United States Consul at Guana¬ and 612,452 oz. in 1907; an increase of 60,- development. The shaft is down 90 ft. juato, it is’ stated that the gross output 557 oz. The bullion reported in 1907 was and about too ft. of drifting has been of the mines in that camp amounts to equal to $11,266,845, or 545,082 oz. fine done. $1,000,000 per month. gold. Ciutla—A discovery of copper and flux¬ ing ore is reported to have been made by Mexico .\mericans on this property, and plans Australia Western Australia Chihu.\hua are said to be under consideration for Chihuahua sees the new year started the erection of a smelter at Guanajuato. Gold production in December is reported with a number of enterprises placed on at 154,455 oz. fine, or 8630 oz. more than in Hidalgo foot, perhaps the most important of which, November. For the full year the total was at least to the district of Santa Eulalia Hidalgo Copper Mining and Smelting 1,794)546 oz. in 1906, and 1,697,552 oz., or and the city of Chihuahua, is the consoli- Company—This company recently organ¬ $35,088,400 in 1907; a decrease of 96,994 oz., d;:tion just effected between the Mineral ized in Zimapan includes the properties of or 5.4 per cent. railroad, running from Santa Eulalia to the Ludlow-Armstrong Gompany, which the city of Chihuahua, the Chihuahua comprise 32 properties, about half of South Africa Electric Light Company, and the Chihua¬ which are silver-copper and the other sil¬ According to pftess despatches, Jan. 14, hua Street Railway Company, which will ver-lead. The best known mines are the Government being determined to mean the early change of the latter to those of the Concordia and Purisima make the Transvaal so uncomfortable for electric power, and rapid transit between groups. Asiatics that those now in the country the town and the smelter. Amalgamated Mining and Milling Com¬ will be driven out and further immigra¬ In Parral Grant G. Gillette has ob¬ pany of Hidalgo—This new company has tion come to an end, 50 prominent Asiatics tained an option on the Parral & Durango taken over the properties formerly belong¬ were arrested at Johannesburg on that railroad and the holdings of the Hidalgo ing to the Mutual Alining Association, the date. Among the prisoners are the chair¬ Mining Company, and is endeavoring to Mexican Mining Syndicate and others at men of both the British-Indian and the float the enterprise among foreign capital¬ El Chico, together with the San Diego Chinese Associations and several officers ists. These properties were under option mill. The company owns about 20 mines, and committeemen of these organizations. to French capitalists about two years ago. the most important of which are the T he holdings are most extensive, and it .Atarjea, San Nicolas and San Isidro. South America is said that the proper development would be of material benefit to Parral, Minas Jalisco Chile Nuevas, and the district west. Agua Bianca—At this property in the The labor troubles in the nitrate region The continued low price of metals has Ayutla district, owned by the Dwight have been settled. Recent despatches an¬ forced many prospectors out into the Furness Company, a loo-ton mill has been nounce that work has been resumed Western Chihuahua, Sonora and Sinaloa erected which will give 300 tons of con¬ throughout the region. 236 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. Metal, Mineral, Coal and Stock Markets Current Prices, Market Conditions and Commercial Statistics of the Metals, Minerals and Mining Stocks QUOTATIONS FROM IMPORTANT CENTERS

Coal Trade Review Coal tonnage, Ohio Coal Traffic Asso¬ to points around the Cape at 65@7oc. In ciation, 10 months ended Oct. 31, short New York harbor the rate has fallen to 16 tons: @iQc. per ton. Nezv York, Jan. 22—The coal trade in 1906. 1907. Changes. the West is quieter, and curtailment of Hoi-klng Valley. 3,.54.5.90(i 3,826,978 I. 281,072 Birmingham production is being enforced upon the Toledo .y Ohio Cent.. 1,657,005 1,(38,748 I. 31,743 Baltimore A Ohio.,.. 1,7(>4,905 2,100,377 I. *15,472 Jan. 20—The coal production in Ala¬ operators. Steam coal is only in moderate Wheeling A L. Erie.. 2,110,446 3,213,825 1.1,103,379 Cleve., Lorain A Wh. 1,935,708 2,7:16,9*5 I. 801,277 bama has been cut down considerably. demand, and the mild winter is affecting Zanesville A Western l,06;i..591 1,4.55,471 I. 391,880 the call for domestic fuel. At some of Toledo Dlv.. Pen. Co. 2,044,072 2,081,111 I. 37,039 Several mines have been shut down or L.Erle.AlllanceAWh. 733,:198 1,149,.587 I. 416,189 are running on slack time because of a the large consuming centers a surplus is Marietta, Col. A Clev. 13,460 34,752 I. 21,292 falling off in the demand. The union pressing on the markets. Total.14,8(3,491 18,287,834 I..3,419,:143 The seaboard bituminous trade is also miners of the .Alabama Consolidated Coal November total was 1,632,086 tons in very quiet, and some of the railroads are and Iron Company have remained idle 1906, and 1,863,930 in 1907; increase, refusing to take coal until the surplus at since the company announced that the 231,844 tons. tidewater delivery points is worked off. mines would be operated on the open- Some of the larger producers are said to shop plans. .A card from officials of the have agreed upon a curtailment of produc¬ New York coal miners’ organization slates that the tion. ^ miners declined to accept a readjustment Anthracite Anthracite is suffering from the mild in wages, a cut of 10 per cent., and hence winter and trade is dull. Most of the Jan. 22—The demand for all sizes of the change of plan. The miners claim companies, it is reported, have heavy hard coal has fallen off and the market is that the wages would be 57l4c. per ton, stocks in their storage yards. inclined to be dull. Stove, chestnut and in accordance with the contract, with the pea coal, which have been short during average selling price of pig iron at $11.50 Co.\L Traffic Notes the past few weeks, are now in abundant per ton, whereas at present the average supply and the demand for these sizes has selling price is $13 or $13.50. Tonnage originating on Pennsylvania decreased. Current quotations are as fol¬ Railroad lines east of Pittsburg and Erie, lows: Broken, $4.50(54 75: egg, stove and year to Jan. ii, in short tons: Chicago chestnut, $5; pea, [email protected]; buckwheat, 1907. 1908. Changes. $2.75@3; rice, [email protected]; barley, $1.75 Jan. 20—Business has shown improve¬ Anthracite. 1(3,302 l-2;i,.320 D. 39,982 per ton f.o.b. New York harbor. ment in the last w'eek, but is not generally Bituminous. 1,302,127 985,266 D. 316,861 Coke. 478,.526 193,973 D. 284,553 satisfactory to dealers. Weather condi¬ Bituminous tions have been more favorable, par¬ Total. 1,943,955 1,302,569 D. 641,396 Trade in nearly all territories is flat. ticularly in the Northwest. Period was i2 days in 1907, and ii days The lower-priced Western coals have this year. Daily average, 161,996 tons in Producers have shipped coal to fill orders only to find these orders cancelled when the best of the. situation. Larger ship¬ 1907, and 118,414 this year. ments to the country have resulted in les¬ The anthracite coal shipments by com¬ the coal reached the receiving port. This has caused stocks to accumulate and em¬ sening demurrage evils in Chicago. panies were as follows for the full year, Illinois and Indiana lump and egg bring in long tons: bargoes have been declared generally. It is reported that from 75,0(X> to 90,0(X) tons [email protected]; run-of-mine, [email protected], and ,-1906. ' ^ ,-1907 -\ of coal are lying at Hampton Roads ports screenings, [email protected], Chicago. Brazil Tons. Per Ct, Tons, per Ct. block sells well at about $3. Roadinf;. . 11,2.58,295 20.2 14,018,795 20.9 which are without shipping orders. Lehigh Valley.. . 9,971,699 17.9 11 ,.532.2.55 17.2 New York harbor trade is quiet and Of coals from east of Indiana, Hocking N. .1. Central.... . 6,983,217 12.6 8,714,113 13.0 is strongest, though selling below the cir¬ Lackawanna ... . 9,201,875 16.5 10,2.37,419 15.2 prices are low'. Good grades of Penn¬ Del. A Hudson.. . 5,346,695 9.6 6,.562,768 9.8 cular price of $3.15, by 15c. to 25c. Pennsylvania .. . 4,856,004 8.7 . 6,2*3,271 9.2 sylvania steam coal are quoted at $2.30® Erie. . 5,6.36,5.37 10.1 7,151,68:1 10.7 2.60 as extreme limits. Quotations are Smokeless has been over-plentiful at N. Y., Ont. A W. . 2,444,273 4.4 2,689,089 4.0 mostly for coal on demurrage. $3-OS@3SO for run-of^mine, and $3.85® Total. .55,698,.595 100.0 67,109,393 100.0 Trade in the far East is quiet and it is 4.05 for lump. Youghiogheny is firm, The total increase was 11,410,798 tons, difficult to dispose of individual cargoes though sales are not heavy, at $3.i5®3.25. or 20.5 per cent. All the companies except at big reductions. There seems to for gas coal. showed increases. be a little coal coming on contract but de¬ Bituminous coal and coke shipments, livery is- not urged to any extent. Con¬ Indianapolis Pennsylvania and West Virginia, il sumers at New England points are well Jan. 20—Tomorrow morning the United months ended Nov. 30, short tons: stocked, and take coal only as a matter of Mine Workers of .America will begin their accommodation to the dealers. Along the nineteenth annual convention. It will con¬ Coal. Coke. Total. Balt. & Ohio. 24.616,217 5,122,305 29.738..522 Sound there are a few orders and some in¬ sist of KXX) delegates, and President John Buff., Roch. A Pitts. 6,704..54;i 555,112 7,2.59,655 quiries ; trade seems to be waking up Mitchell will be chairman. Penn, lines, N. Y. C. 7,697,667 70,812 7,768,379 Pitts, k L. Erie. 10,317,398 4,744,496 15,061,894 slightly. All-rail trade is desultory. Car The convention will be important from Norfolk A Western. 11,450,900 2,3.52,232 1.3,8(3.132 supply is governed largely by the em¬ the fact that no interstate convention for Total. 60.786,625 12,844,9.57 73,6.31 ,.582 bargoes at the shipping ports. Transporta¬ fixing a wage scale has yet been agreed £.Total, 1906..54,.560,097 12,207,962 66,768,0.59 tion is slow. on. A conference will be held Jan. 30 Baltimore & Ohio carried in addition In the Coastwise trade vessels are in when it will be decided as to what shall 864,759 tons anthracite in 1906, and 941,612 good supply but orders are scarce. Large be done about calling a wage conference in 1907; increase, 76,853 tons. boats can be chartered from Philadelphia of miners and operators from the Central January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 237

Competitive field. The miners will be in 1906. 1907. Changes. Northern for [email protected]. No. 2 foundry. Pig Iron. 75,052 70,740 D. 4,312 convention about 10 days. If the con¬ Billets, Ingots & blooms 186,479 74,861 D.111,628 Northern charcoal iron sells for $23© ference on Jan. 30 results in an agree¬ Bars. 80,110 93,084 I. 12,974 $23.50, with demand light but steady. Balls. 296,873 318,143 1. 21,270 ment to call an interstate conference, it Sheets and plates. 102,794 113,544 1. 10,750 Coke is plentiful and inactive, Con¬ Structural steel. 101,276 129,041 1. 27,766 is likely that one will be called at once. Wire . 160,844 147,653 D. 13,191 nellsville being $5.40, Chicago. It is the understanding that the miners Nalls and spikes. 56,062 53,837 D. 2,225 will ask for an increase in wages. Lead¬ The only considerable decrease was in Philadelphia ing operators say that such a proposition billets, ingots and blooms. cannot be considered under present con- Iron and Steel Imports—Imports for Jan. 22—There are so many disturbing conditions in the pig-iron trade that it is flitions. November were valued at $2,623,551; for impossible to present an intelligent ac¬ II months ended Nov. 30 at $36,740,432, count of it. The Southern makers have Pittsburg an increase of $5,899,959 over 1906. Chief the whip hand for the present. Producers Jan. 21—Not more tlian 50 per cent, of items of imports were, in long tons: the railroad coal mines are in operation in this territory think the best policy is. to 1906. 1907. Changes. stick to current quotations and await the this week. Prices remain on the basis Pig iron. 30.5,416 476,448 1 171,032 Scrap. 18,379 26,516 I. 8,137 pleasure of buyers. of $1.15 a ton for mine-run coal at mine, Ingots, blooms etc. 19,139 18,441 D. 698 with slack strong at 80c. All the loaded Bars. 31,4.58 36,854 I. 4,396 Steel Billets—Moderate purchases con¬ Wire-rods.v--- 16.2'''9 15.817 D. 452 coal in the pools and harbor has been Tin-plates. 48,969 56,231 I. 7,262 tinue to be made, in which forging billets participate. shipped and all the river mines continue Principal increases were in pig iron and busy. No important action was taken at tin-plates. Bars—Bars are not holding their own. the annual convention of the Pittsburg Concessions are at present the order of the day. district. United Mine Workers, which Baltimore closed on Saturday. Sheets—This branch of the industry Jan. 21—Included in imports for the shows an improvement. Mill owners speak Connellsville Coke—A large number of week were 120 tons manganese ore from of large requirements, but buyers are idle ovens have been started by the H. C. Liverpool, 800 tons from Rotterdam and cautious. Frick Coke Company, but this does not 6000 tons from India; 6920 tons in all. affect the general market as the product Iron-ore receipts w'ere 5800 tons from Pipes and Tubes—Quotations are strong on small orders, but manufacturers are goes exclusively to Steel Corporation fur¬ Cuba. naces. There is little new business, and ready to make concessions for large busi¬ prices continue weak. For spot delivery ness. Birmingham furnace coke has been quoted $1.75, but Plates—The outlook is not encouraging. Jan. 20—Pig-iron sales in the Bir¬ on contract the price remains at [email protected]. I hc car builders are likely to curtail work, Foundry coke on contract is [email protected], mingham district, in small lots, have been while other consuming interests are in¬ but for prompt shipment these quotations so strong recently that one of the smaller different. companies has_ withdrawn from the could be considerably shaded. The Courier Structural Material—The brightest spot market for delivery during the first quar¬ in its weekly summary gives the produc¬ in the situation is the number of projected ter of the year. There has been another tion in both fields at 142,346 tons. The enterprises in sight. shipments amounted to 5171 cars, dis¬ strengthening of the quotations and $13 50 for No. 2 foundry is the price. That con¬ Old Material—Nothing has developed. tributed as follows: To Pittsburg, 2754 The yards are doing but little business cars; to points west of Connellsville, 1926 siderable iron was sold under that price is not denied. Much buying was done this week. Holders of scrap are asking cars; to points east of Connellsville, 491 more money than it is worth. cars. lately by cast-iron pipe concerns, Nos. 3 and 4 foundry iron mostly. One order of 15,000 tons was placed. President J. Pittsburg Iron Trade Review Hoadley, of the Alabama Consolidated Jan. 21—While the iron and steel situa¬ Coal and Iron Company, during the past tion shows some improvement, the out¬ New York, Jan. 22—The markets are week announced the acceptance of one look is not as encouraging as was ex¬ generally quiet. A slight revival in de¬ order for 18,000 tons of iron at $13.50, pected a few week ago. The Ohio works mand for pig iron seems to have spent it¬ No. 2 foundry. at Youngstown of the Carnegie Steel self in small orders. A little is doing in The conditions at the steel plant at Company resumed yesterday. The two structural steel, but new projects generally Ensley remain unchanged. The rail mill blast furnaces are running again. The are held back until they can be financed. will lose the better part of the coming Ohio works are making billets and tin- The railroads are ordering lightly, and do ♦month, during which necessary repairing bars. The Pittsburg Steel Company re¬ not seem disposed to take new material will be done. The profit-sharing plan of sumed operations at its Monessen wire unless they are obliged to do so. In fact the United States Steel Corporation is to plant, receiving billets from the Clairton everyone seems to be waiting to see what be put into effect at the plants of the is coming. works. The Clairton, Homestead, Du- Tennessee Company, 25,000 shares of pre¬ Meetings were held in New York this quesne and Edgar Thomson plants of the ferred stock to be offered to the em¬ week of the so-called advisory committee. Carnegie company are running about half¬ ployees. It is understood that it was decided that time this week. no price reductions of any importance The different steel committees at meet¬ should be made at present. The plan of Chicago ings in New York yesterday decided to maintaining prices and curtailing produc¬ Jan. 20—The market for pig iron is im¬ make no changes in prices of finished tion will be tried still further. proving slowly. Orders have been placed steel. Iron bars have gone off, and mak¬ Iron and Steel Exports—Exports of iron in the last week for iron to be delivered ers are quoting [email protected]., Pittsburg, and steel, including machinery, from the in the second as well as the first quarter for any delivery. Recently the price was United States were valued at $17,051,755 of the year, and melters show a tendency established at 1.55c., and for Western for November; for the ii months ended to lengthen out their time requirements. shipments the rate fixed was 1.40c., Pitts¬ Nov. 30 they were $182,068,912, an in¬ Most orders, however, are for delivery in burg, with freight at i8c. to Chicago crease of $24,253,832 over 1906. Chief the first quarter and are for small lots. added for delivery in Western territory. items of iron and steel exports for the Southern iron sells for [email protected] Bir¬ Steel bars remain at i.6qc., with no sales. II months were, in long tons: mingham ([email protected] Chicago) and The only large contract likely to be 238 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. placed soon will be for steel for the new Foreign trade of the United States for Copper—Some little business is reported bridge of the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Rail¬ full year; reported by Bureau of Statis¬ as having been done in Europe the early road across the Ohio river at Beaver. tics, Department of Commerce and Labor: part of the week, but since then the in¬

It will require about 15,000 tons of struc¬ Merchandise: 1906. 1907. quiry from that quarter has almost ceased. tural material. The American Bridge Exijorts.$1,798,243,4:14 $1,923,498,434 On the other hand, fair-sized orders have Company will get the contract and the Imports. 1,:120,.501,572 l,42:i,:i26,680 been placed in the domestic market from steel will be furnished by the Carnegie Excess, exports.$ 477,741,862 $ 500,171,754 day to day, but they have not been of suffi¬ Add excess of exijorts, sliver. 15,613,877 company. cient volume to make an impression on Total.$ .515,785,631 Pig Iron—Production has increased, Deduct excess of Imports, gohl. 88,182,385 prices. On the contrary, there was keen competition for the business, particularly but prices continue to drop. The Car¬ Net export balance.$ 427,60:1,246 when near-by shipment was required. negie Steel Company is operating 40 per The gold and silver movement is given The market closes steady at I3j^@i4c. cent, of its blast-furnace capacity. In the in the table in the preceding column. Valleys nine of the 19 merchant blast for lake; I3?4@I3?8C. for electrolytic. Casting copper is altogether nominal, and furnaces are running and it is said that Silver Market . there is an accumulation of about 7S,ooo the average of the week is quoted at 13^^ tons in the yards, 60 per cent, of which is SILVER AND STERLING EXCHANGE. bessemer and 40 per cent, foundry iron. .\n increase of 1200 tons in the statis¬ Silver. Silver. Several small lots of bessemer sold today tics and the slightly lower prices for re¬ { at $17.25, Valley, and it is believed that as £ fined sorts quoted in the domestic m:irket, which were reported on the London Metal low as $17 can be done. This is a straight C £ £ 5 -S «• T "T Exchange, brought about a decline in the cut of 50c. during the week. No. 2 S k X 5 - 9 New York, New York, Cents. foundry is still quoted at $16, Valley, or X K Cents. X U4 standard market, which closed at £62 12s. $16.90, Pittsburg. Basic iron has de¬ 16 4.a565 56 %5% 20 4.8*U10 55 2.^>i4 6d. for spot and £(13 2s. 6d. for three 17 4.8620 25‘» 21 4.8690 55 is 25 (ii months. Refined and manufactured sorts, clined to $16 and gray forge is held at 18 4.8700 55,12 22 4.8675 55's $15.25, Valley. we quote: English tough, £58(fi;59; best New York quotations are for line silver, selected, £(56(g':67; strong sheets, £6g@7o. Steel—There is no change in crude per ounce Troy. London prices are for ster¬ Exports from New York and Philadel¬ steel prices, bessemer and open-hearth ling silver, 0.92.'! fine. phia for the week were 8103 tons. Ex¬ billets still being held at $28 and sheet- Messrs. Pixley & Abell report silver ports from Baltimore from Jan. i to date bars at $29. Tank plate remains at 1.70c., are given by our special correspondent at and steel bars at i.6oc. shipments from London to the East for the year to Jan. g: 1560 long tons. Sheets—The sheet market is dull, but Copper Sheets and IVire—Base price of the new prices are being maintained. 1907. 1908. Changes. India. £ :i3,480 £ 207,-500 I. £ 174,020 sheets 20c.; wire, i6j^(@i6}/2C. per pound. Black sheets are quoted at 2.50c. and gal¬ China. . 61,000 I. 61,000 vanized at 3.5SC. for No. 28 gage. Straits. . .. Tin—The London market showed rather a firm tone throughout the week, FerrO'-Manganese—There is some in¬ Total. £ 33,480 £ 268,500 I. £ 235,020 at one time reaching as high as £125 5s. quiry this week, but prices are lower, Imports for the week were £52,000 from for spot and £126 5s. for three months. $48.50@49 per ton. New York. E.xpcrts shown above. Tlie close is somewhat lower, and quota¬ Mint purchases of silver reported are: tions are cabled at £124 for spot and £125 Metal Market Jan. 15. 200,000 oz. at 56.747c., deliveries for three months. at San Francisco and New Orleans. Jan. Spot material in this market has again Gold and Silver Exports and Imports NEW YORK, Jan. 22. 17, 200,000 oz. at 55.877c., deliveries at become very scarce, on account of small At all United States Ports in Dec. and year. Philadelphia and San Francisco. Jan. 20, importations during January, and is at i 200.000 oz. at 56,083c., New Orleans and present commanding a premium of from Metal. ExpKirts. , Imports. Excess. San Francisco. •4 to over the import price. Quota¬ Gold: tions at the close are made at 27'sc. per Doc. 1907.. $ 1,004,441 $44,448,-509 Imp.$43,444.0C.8 Other Metals “ 1906.. 1,880,895 7,617,2:17 “ .5.736,.342 pound. Year 1907.. 55,215,681 143,398,066 “ 88,182,3a5 “ 1906.. 46,709,158 155,579,380 “ 108,870,222 Lead—The market is somewhat irregu¬ Coi»per. Tin. Lead. Spelter. Silver: lar. While last week the price was un¬ Dec. 1907.. 4,407,4a5 4,:il.5,452 Exp. $92,03:1 " 190*).. 7,404,905 3,999,269 3,405,636 changed, an increased speculative inquiry Year 1907.. 61,619,6.53 46,005,776 “ 15,613,877 T X ^ “ 1906.. 60,9.57,091 44,227,841 “ 16,729,2.50 the early part of this week caused a flurry, U U u c i- - X c f X c which, however, quickly subsided, and at 37 Imports of gold at the port of New York X £ t * . X the close, quotations are unchanged at Electrolytic, Cts. per 11). for the week ended Jan. 18 were $.559.038; ot Jan. 5 ;; X 5 silver, $54,449. Exports of gold for the week 3.70(0 3.750. New York. were $12,000; of silver, $557,054. i:iJi 13?i 3.70 4..55 4.40 The London market held steady Specie holdings of the leading banks of 16 OUH ©13Ji 63% 27% ©3.75 ©4.60 ©4.45 throughout the week and closes at £14 13Ji 13% 3.70 4.55 4.40 the world, Jan. 18 are reported as below, 17 ®14K ©137« 62% 27% ©3.75 ©4.00 (S)i.i5, los. for Spanish and £14 12s. 6d. for Eng¬ in dollars: 137i 13% 3.70 4..55 4.40 lish lead. 18 ©137i 27% ©4.60 ©4.45 Glold. silver. Total. 137i 13% 3.75 4..55 4.40 Spelter—In spite of the reports from Ass’d New York .$229,027,200 20 ©14 ©13% 63% 27% ©3.80 ©4.60 ©4.45 England.$178,967.1.30 . 178,957,130 Joplin that the ore price there has ad¬ 137i 13% 3.721 4..55 4.40 France. 6:34,8.32,3.55 $18:1,2.54,373 718,086,730 21 ©14 ©13% 62% 28 (S3.77J ©4.60 ©4.45 vanced to $40 per ton. the spelter market Germany. 164,010,000 4.5,660,(XK) 209,670,000 1 Spain. 78,3:1.5,000 128,565,000 206,900,000 137i 13% 3.70 1 4.55 4.40 quieted down perceptibly. Consumers did 22 ©14 ©13% 62% 27% ©3.75 ©4.60 ©4.45 Netherlands.... .38,261,000 21,942,-500 60,203,-500 practically nothing and speculators show Belgium. 17,900,000 8,9.50,000 26,8.50,000 Ixindon quotations are per long ton (2240 Italy. 183,300,000 23,000,000 206,300,000 lb.) standard copper, which is now the Equiva¬ an inclination to realize on their holdings, Russia. 686,17.5,000 27,21.5,000 613,:i90,000 lent of the former g.m.b’s. The New York Aust.-Hungary. 229,425,000 68,730,000 288,1.55,000 quotations for electroytic copper are for since they are somewhat disappointed in Sweden. 19,-525,000 19,-525,000 cakes, Ingots or wirebars, and represent the the developments. The close is barely Norway. 8,260,000 8,260,000 bulk of the transactions made with con¬ Switzerland_ 1.5,.376,000 1.5,375,000 sumers, basis, New York, cash. The price of steady at 4.55^4.600. New York, and 4.40 The New York banks do not separate cathodes Is 0.125c. below that of electrolytic. The lead prices are those quoted by the Amer¬ @4.450. St. Louis. gold and silver. The foreign statements ican Smelting and Refining Company for Heavy speculative buying on orders near-by shipments of desilverized lead in .50- are from the Commercial and Financial ton lots, or larger. The quotations on spelter from the Continent caused an advance in Chronicle of New York. brands command a premium. the London market to over £21, but this January 25, 1908. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 239 movement has subsided somewhat, and cent. zinc. The high price paid for lead agricultural business usually starts in. the close is lower at £20 17s. 6d. for good was $50 per ton, an advance of $3 over Prices remain unchanged at $5.50 per 100 ordinaries and £21 2S. 6d. for specials. the previous week. lb. for carloads and $5.75 for smaller quan¬ Zinc Sheets—The base price is $7 per Following are the shipments of zinc tities. 100 lb.—less discount of 8 per cent.—f.o.b. and lead ore for the week ended Jan. 18: Sulphur—According to Emil Fog & cars at Lasalle and Peru. The freight Sons, Messina, Sicily, an understanding rate to New York is 27.SOC. per 100 lb. has at last been reached between the Con- Antimony—The market is strong and sorsio and .American interests with regard dealers are optimistic. There have been to the competition between the two coun¬ considerable transactions in the local mar¬ tries, but details are lacking. It is prob¬ ket and abroad the market is active. Quo¬ able that the Italians will not see the tations are; 9j4@ioc. for Cookson’s; g@ necessity of reducing outputs for some gYzC. for Hallett’s; 8^@8-)4c. for ordinary time. It is believed in Sicily that, by this brands. agreement, the Consorzio will be able to Platinum—The market for platinum is export about 80,000 tons of sulphur to the quiet and uneventful. Prices are as fol¬ United States. lows : hard platinum, $28; ordinary, E.xports of sulphur from Sicily from January to November inclusive, were $25.50; scrap, $i7@i8 troy ounce. 304,426 tons in 1907 against 369,898 tons . Nickel—For large lots. New York, the in 1906. Visible stocks in Sicily at the chief producer quotes 45@5oc. per lb. end of November, 1907, were 570,321 according to size and terms of order. For tons, compared with 520,257 in 1906 and smell quantities, 5o@65c., same delivery. 43T.355 in 1905- Cadmium—The price is $1.25 f.o.b.

Cleveland in loo-lb. lots. A higher price ZINC OKF. kX JOPLIN. LEAD OllE AT JOPLIN. is asked for smaller lots. Mining Stocks Ylontli. 1906. liKI7. Month. 1906. 1907. Quicksilver—New York quotations are .lanuary ... .lanuary ... $45 per flask for lots of 100 flasks or over, 47.38 45.84 75.20 83..58 February.. 47.37 47.11 February.. 72.83 84.58 Neiv York, Jan, 22—The advance in and $46 for smaller orders. San Fran¬ March. 42.68 48.66 March. 73.73 82.75 April.. 44. GI 48.24 75.13 79.76 the general stock market for the past two cisco quotations are [email protected] for do¬ May. 40..51 45.98 May. 78.40 79.66 ,Iune. weeks was broken this week by a sharp mestic orders; for export nominal, at 43.83 44.82 June. 80.96 73.66 .Inly. 43.25 45.79 July. 74.31 58.18 reaction, which carried down many stocks about $1.50 lower. The London price is August. 43..56 43.22 .August. 75.36 69.64 September. 42.68 40.11 September. 79.64 53.52 below last week’s figures. A special drive £8 5s. per flask, with £8 5s. gd. quoted October.... 41.56 39.83 October.... 79.84 61.40 w’as made at American Smelting and Re¬ from second hands. November.. 44.13 35.19 November . 81.98 43.40 December.. 43.68 30.87 December.. 81.89 37.71 fining. This was largely professional and Minor Metals—For minor metals and Y'ear. 43.24 43.68 Y'ear. 77.40 68.90 had the appearance of the covering of a their alloys, wholesale prices are, f.o.b. large short interest, or possibly of a party works: desirous of forcing out stock by scaring P<>r Lb. (’admliim, f. o. b. HanibbrR_ $1.27©!.35 Witcontin Ore Market holders. Cbroniluni, pure (N. Y.). 80c. The curb market also showed a reaction. CopIHir, r(‘(l oxide. .SOc. Ferro-Chrome ((i0% Cr., 5% C.). 8<*. Trading was active in the copper shares Platteville, IVis., Jan. 18—The base Ft'rro-Ohrome (60% Or., 2% 0.). 22c. and in the Cobalt stocks; but less so in the F(>rro-Chrome (60% Or., 1% C. or less). 42c. price for zinc ore during the week was $36 FerneMolybdeiium (.50%). 90c. Nevada stocks. Ferro-Titanlum (20%). HOc. per ton of 60 per cent. zinc. The highest Ferro-Tungsten (37%). 2.5c. The Amalgamated Copper dividend, as price paid was $37. One car of lead ore Ferro.Vaiiar lb. vana¬ declared Jan. 16, was Yt. per cent, for dium contents). $.5.(X) w'as reported sold on a basis of $22 per Magnesium, pure (N. Y.). 1..50 the quarter. This compares with i per Maniianese, pure 98©99% N. Y. 7.5c. 1000 lb. for 80 per cent, lead; but no ship¬ Manfranese—Copi>er (30|®70%) N. Y’_ 4.5c. cent, for the November dividend, and 2 ments of lead ore were made. Molybdenum (98®9!t%, N. Y'.). $1.45 per cent, for each of the other three quar¬ Phosjihorus, forelRn red (f. o. b. N. Y’.) 90c. Shipments for the week ended Jan. 18 Plioai)boru8, American yellow (f. o. b. ters of 1907. The Boston & Montana • Niacarn Falls). 42c. were as follows: TuiiKsten (best) pound lots. 80c. dividend was $3, which compares with Ferrosilicon (.50%) sjwt. Ex. ship Zinc Lead Sulphur Camps. Atlantic ports. $89 ton. ore, lb. ore, lb. ore, lb. $6 in November and $12 in August. Mineral Point... ._ .529,100 Variations in price depend chiefly on Hazel Green. 1.50,000 .. size and condition of orders. Llviiiftston. mooo . Rewey. 86,000 . Platteville. 61,620 . Boston

Miuouri Ore Market Total. 9.56,720 Jan. 21—Easier money has proven a Y'ear to .Ian. 18 . 3,226,280 fillip to stock-market prices. Copper Joplin, Mo., Jan. i8—The zinc and lead A shipment of 100,000 lb. zinc ore was shares have been characterized by ores of the Joplin distict are advancing made from Livingston in the week ended strength, although mainly in the so-called in prices fast. Zinc ore has advanced $14 Jan. II, and not then reported. Cole-Ryan group/ Amalgamated, on the per ton already this year, and lead ore other hand, is off over $4 to $49.62^/2 $10 per ton. Producers who thought a Chemicals from a week ago. Butte Coalition and month ago that they would resume opera¬ North Butte recorded pretty spurts, al¬ tions when zinc ore reached a base price though general reactions followed. The of $40, are now waiting for the base Nc-m York, Jan. 22—The general chemi¬ buying was largely for Western account. price to reach $45 or $50 per ton, and the cal market has improved to some extent Copper Range rose $2 to $65, but is back output continues 25 per cent, under nor¬ and the volume of business appears to to $62 tonight. mal conditions. The highest price paid be larger. Several spring inquiries have The first eflfect on Amalgamated after for zinc ore during the week was $42.50, come in and local dealers feel more en¬ the announcement of the cut in the divi¬ an advance of $3.50 per ton, advances couraged on this account. dend to 50C. quarterly was weakness, but ranging o‘n the various grades from $3 Copper Sulphate—^The market is dull it was temporary only. Balaklala rose to $5 over the previous week. There was and dealers do not expect business to pick $1.50 to $4 on the carrying out of the only one base price, $40 per ton of 60 per up for at least another month, when the original plan whereby the stock is practi- 240 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. January 25, 1908. cally assessed $2.50. Boston has three Monthly Average Prices of Metals NEVADA STOCKS. Jan. 22. representatives on the board, which is a Furnished by Weir Bros. & Co., New York. AVERAGE PRICE OP SILVER minority. New York. London. Arizona Commercial sold up $3.50 to Name of Comp. Clg. Name of Comp. Clg. Month. 1906. 1907. 1906. 1907. $20.25, but is back to $16.50, and Bingham TONOPAH STOCKS Golden Sceptre... • • • Homestake King. .68 spurted $2.75 to $6.75. Calumet & Ari¬ Belmont. .77 January . 66.!^ 68.673 30.113 31 709 Extension. 1.371 Montgomery Mt.. .161 February. 66.108 68.8a5 30.464 31 851 zona was well bought up to $116, against Golden Anchor.... .03} Mont. Shoshone C. 4.12} March. 64.697 67.619 29,854 31 315 $109.50 a week ago. Old Dominion Jim Butler . .40 Original Bullfrog. .04 April. 64.766 66.462 2)1.984 30.153 MacNamara. .33 Tramp Cons. .17 M'ay. 66.976 66.981 30 968 30.471 spurted $3.75 to $37-75, but has lost most Midway.. .72 MANHAT’M Stocks June... 66.394 67.090 30 186 30.893 July. 66.106 68.144 30.113 Montana. 1.90 Manhattan Cons. .24 31.360 of it. Utah Consolidated has also been August. 66.949 68.746 30..529 North Star . .11 Manhat’n Dexter. .07 31,637 September. 67.927 iOT.792 31.483 31.313 active and rose $2.25 to $37, although it Tonopah A Cal.... Jumping Jack.... .07 October. 69.623 62.435 :12.148 28.863 Tono’h Mine of N. 4.621 Stray Dog. .09 November. 70.813 68.677 32 671 27.154 has lost net more than it gained. There Wfest End Con ,. .30 Indian Camp .... .06 December. 69.050 64.666 32.008 25.361 is talk of consolidation of the Utah mines. GOLDFI’P STOCKS Gbeenw’b Stocks The curb took on a boom, Nevada-Utah Adams. .08 Furnace Creek...... Year. 66.791 66.327 30.868 30.188 Atlanta. .36 Greenwater AD.V. Blue Bell. .09 New York, cents per fine ounce; London, being the conspicuous feature. After Green’rCop.M.A 8. pence per standard ounce. Blue Bull. .19 United Greenwa’r ... touching $6.50 it is back to $4.75 again. Booth. .21 MISCELLANEOUS Columbia Mt .... .20 AVERAGE PRICES OP COPPER Utah Apex rose to $5.1254 yesterday. Comb. Frac. .74 Golden Boulder.. .10 Cracker Jack. .08 Hayseed. 30 NEW YORK. Dia'dfleld B. B. C. .21 Lee Gold Grotto.. .10 LONDOS, Goldfield Belmont Nevada Hills. 3.00 .14 Electrolytic Lake. Goldfield Con.... 5.66} Nevada Smelting. 1.62} STOCK QUOTATIONS Goldfield Daisy... 1.10 Pittsburgh S. Pk.. 1.45 Goldfield Mining. Round Mt. Sphinx .30 1906. 1907. 1906. 1907. 1906. 1907. Great Bend . January... 18.310 24.404 18.419 24.826 78 869'106 739 NEW YORK Jan. 21 Jumbo Extension .60 BOSTON Jan. 21 February . Jumbo Mining.... COLO. SPRINGS Jan. 18 17.869 24.869 18.116 25.236 78.147,107.366 March .... 18.361 26.063 18.641 25.560 81,111 106.591 Name of Comp. Clg. Name of Comp. Clg. Katherine. .06 April. 18.375 24.224 18.688 26.260 84.793 96.625 Kendall. .12 Name of Comp. Clg. 18.476 24.048 18.724 25.072 84.867 102 375 Alaska Mine. Adventure. 2% Laguna. 18.442 22.666 18.719 24.140 83.994 97.272 Am.Nev.M.&P.Co. Allouez. 30 Lone Star. .io Acacia. 7% 18.190 21.130 18.686 21.923 81.1671 95.016 Amalgamated.... 49% Am. Zinc. 24% Lou Dillon. Black Bell. August.... 18.380 18.366 18.706 19.256 83.864 79 679 Anaconda. 31% Arcadian. 6 May Queen. .07 C. C. Con. 4% 9 September 19.033 16.566 19.328 16.047 87.831' 68.375 Balaklala. 3% .Atlantic. 13 Mohawk. ■ t I Dante. October... 21.203 13.169 2J.722 13.661 97 269 60 717 British Col. Cop.. 5 Bingham. 6 Opo . 11 Doctor Jack Pot.. 7% 61 November. 21.833 13.391 22.398 13.870 100.270 61.226 Buffalo Cobalt ... Boston Con. 14>4 Rod Hill. .39 Elkton . December 22.886 13.163 23.360 13.393 105.226^ 60.US Butte k London.. Calumet k Ariz... 113 Red Top. El Paso. 29 Findlay. 39 Butte Coalition .. isk Calumet & Hecla. 670 Roanoke. Year. 19.278 20.004 19.616 20.661 87.282_ 87.007 Butte Cop. k Zinc. Centennial. 27 Sandstorm ...... 22 Gold Dollar. 6% Cobalt Contact .. Con. Mercur. .39 Silver Pick. .33 Gold Sovereign... 4% Colonial Silver.... k Copper Range. .. 62 St. Ives. .60 Isabella. 40 New York, cents per pound. Electrolytic is Cum. ERy Mining. 7% Daly West. 9 Triangle. .08 Index . for cakes, ingots or wirebars. London, pounds Davis Daly. Franklin. Jennie Sample ... 3 sterling, per long ton, standard copper. 4% 9% Bullfrog Stocks Dominion Cop.... 2% Greene-Can. 8% Jerry Johnson. .. 7 El Rayo.. 1% Isle Royal. 21% Amethyst. Mary McKinney.. 38 AVERAGE PRICE OF TIN AT NEW YORK Foster Cobalt. .65 La Salle. 16% Bullfrog Daisy.... Pharmacist. 5 Furnace Creek.... .36 Mass. 4 Bullfrog Mining . .08 Portland. .98 Month. 1906. 1907. Month. 1906. 1907. Oiroux Mine. 4% Michigan. 12% Bullfrog Nat.>B... .11 Un. Gold Mines.. 6% Gtold Hill. ... Mohawk 66% Gibraltar. .10 Vindicator. 1 . January .. 36.390 41.548 July. 37.275 H.091 Granby, New. Mont.C.&C. (new). Gold Bar. .36 Work. 18 February.. 36 403 42.102 August. 40.606 37.667 Greene Gold. 1 Nevada . ii March. 36.662 41.313 September. 40.516 36 689 Greene G. & 8 .... North Butte 49% % . Assessments April. 38.900 40.938 October ... 42 852 32.620 Greenw’r k D.Val. Old Colony . May. 43.313 43.148 November. 42 906 30.833 Guanajuato. Old Dominion.... 2% «% June. 39.260 42.120 December.. 42 760 27.925 Guggen. Exp. 156 Osceola. 87 Ck>mpany. Dellnq. Sale. •Amt. Hanapah. Parrot. 13% 38.166 Banner Hill, Cal. Jan. 6 Jan. 27 $0.10 Av. year.. 39.819 McKinley Dar.... ik Phoenix.. 1% Mlomac . 4 Quincy. 90 Belcher, Nev. Jan. 3 Jan. 31 0.10 Mines Co.of Am.. % Rhode Island. 4 Bullion, Nev. Jan. 3 Jan. 27 0.06 Prices are in cents per pound. 1 Champion, Cal. Jan. 2 Jan. 23 0.60 Mitchell Mining.. % Santa Fe . 2% Chollar, Nev. Dec. 27 Jan. 20 0.10 Mont.Sho. C.(New) 4% Shannon. 12% Confidence, Nev. Jan. 3 Jan. 24 0.20 AVERAGE PRICE OP LEAD Nev. Utah M. & 8 4% Tamarack. 71 Newhouse M. dr 8 8% Trinity .... . 16 East Tlntlc, Utah. Jan. 14 Feb. 9 0.01 Imlay, Nev. Jan. 24 Feb. 10 0.01 New York. London. Nipissing Mines . United Cop., com. 7% Jan. Jan. Old Hundred .... U. 8. 011 . 10 Lady Washington, Nev. 9 30 0.06 Month. 1% Feb. Sliver Queen. U. 8. Smg. k Ref.. 34% Lucky Dutchman, Nev. Jan. 16 8 0.01 1906. 1907. 1906. 1907. % 3 Feb. Stewart. U.S.Sm. & Re.,pd.. 40 Moduli, Utah. Jan. 4 0.01 Feb. Tennessee Oon’r. Utah Copper. 34% Nevada Superior, Nev. Jan. 24 21 0.06 6.600 6 000 16 850 19.828 Union Copper.... Victoria . 6 New Stockton, Utah. Dec. 23 Jan. 20 0.021 Februaiy . 6.464 6 000 16.03119.631 ik N. Y. Bonanza, Utah. Jan. 4 Jan. 25 0.03 Utah Apex. 2% Washington. 6.360 O'OOO 15.92219,7(B Penn. Con., Cal. Jan. 13 Jan. 29 0.10 6’000 15.95919.975 West Columbus.. W’lnona. 5 6.404 % 7 Jan. 6'OOO 16.72519.688 Wolverine. 129 Posey Canyon, Utah. Jan. 25 0.01 6.686 16 N. y. INDUSTRIAL Wyandotte. Spanish Ridge, Cal. •Ian. Feb. 6 0.02 6.760 6;760 16.813,20.1« Sunflower, Cal. ^an. 30 Mar. 30 0.06 6.760 6 288 16..525 20.960 Am. Agii. Chem.. Wabash, Utah.,,/. Jan. 17 Feb. 8 0.12 6.760 6‘260 17 109,19.063 •Ex. Div. tEx. Rights. 19.775 Am. Smelt. & Ref. ^% Zelbrlght, Cal. Jan. 6 Feb. 1 0.06 September. 6.760 4.81318.266 18.531 Am. Sm. &Ref..pf. 90 October. 6.760 4 760 19.:«0 BOSTON CURB 17.281 Bethlehem Steei.. November. 6.750 4.376 19,-281 Colo. Fuel k Iron. M% 65 New IDividends December. 6.900 3.668,19.(509 14.5I» Federal M. k 8.,pf. Arlz. Com. Inter. Salt. 4k 6.667 6.326 17.370 19.0M National Lead.... 7 Pay¬ 1 ^ Company. Rate. Amt. National Lead, pf. 90% Hancock Con. able. 6 New York, cents per pound. London, Pittsburg Coal.... 9% Keweenaw. 6 Amalgamated. pounds sterling per long ton. Republic I. & 8... 17% Majestic. 1% Feb. 24 $0.60 $765,440 Republic I.&S.,pf. 70 1% Am. Cement. Jan. 23 0.30 60,000 Sloss-Sheflleld.... 41% Sbawraut ...... 38 Anaconda. Jan. 16 0.60 600,000 AVERAGE PRICE OP SPELTER Standard OH. 490 Superior. 18% Boston A Montana. Feb. 3.00 450,000 Tenn. C. k I. Superior * Pitts . 13% Bunker Hill A Sullivan. Jan. 4 0.20 60,000 New York. St. Louis. Cambria St€>el. 16 0.76 U. 8. Red. k Ref.. Troy Man. 1 S Feb. 450,000 Month. U. 8. Steel. Camp Bird, Ltd. E’en. 3 0.24 246,800 29% 1906. 1907. 1906. 1907. U. 8. 8teel, pf .... 93 Consolidation Coal. Jan. 31 3.60 368,760 Va. Car. Chem.... 17% Doe Run. Jan. 16 0.60 29,631 January .... 6.487 6.732 6.337 6.683 Va. I. Coal & Coke 60 LONDON Jan. 22 El Oro. Jan. 16 0.36 388,800 Februaiy ... 6.076 6.814 6.924 6.664 Esperanza. Jan. 2 1.12} 611,876 Name of Com. (;ig. March. 6.209 6.837 6.066 6.687 ST. LOUIS Jan. 18 Fairmont Coal. Jan. 31 2.00 240,000 April. 6.087 6.686 6.981 6.635 Florence. Jan. 0.10 106,000 Dolores . ... £1 7s 6d May. 6.997 6.441 6.846 6.291, N. of Com. High. Low. 0.05 45,600 Stratton’sInd. 0 4 0 June. 6.(»6 6.419 6.948 6.269 Camp Bird.... 014 9 Gen. Chemical, pfd. Jan. 2 1.60 160;000 Adams. .26 July. 6.006 6.072 6.866 6.922 .20 Esperanza.... 17 6 Georges Creek C. A I. Jan. 22 2.50 66,000 Am. Nettie .03 .02 August. 6.027 6.701 6.878 6.661 Tomboy. 17 6 Homestake. Jan. 25 0.60 109,200 Center Cr’k 2.00 1.50 September.. 6.216 6.236 6.066 6.086 El Oro. 113 Jamison.. Jan. 18 0.02 7,800 Cent. C. AC. 66.00 63.00 October . 6.222 6.4» 6.070 6.280 Orovllle. 012 3 Jerry Johnson. Jan. 15 0.01 26,000 C.C. A C. pd. 76.00 November. . 6.376 4.9% 6.225 4.776 70.00 Somera. . . Montezuma M. A S. Jan. 10 0.04 40,000 Cent. Oil... 100.00 90.00 December... 6.693 4.254 6.443 4.104 Utah Apex ... N. Y. Hond. Rosario. Jan. 25 0.10 16.000- Columbia.. 4.00 2.00 Arlz. Cop.,pfd. Orovllle Dredging. Jan. 6 0.12} 87,600 Con. Coal.. 26.00 23.00 Year. 6.198 6.963 6.048 6.812 Ariz. Cop.,def.. Portland. Jan. 16 0.04 120,000 Doe Run.. 120.00 110.00 Tenn. Copper Co. Feb. le 1.26 218,760 Gra. Bimet. .26 .20 Cabled through Wm. Vindicator Cbn. Jan. 26 0.04 60,000 New York and St. Louis, cents per St. Joe. .. . 12.00| 11.00 P. Bonbrlght & Co., N.Y. London in pounds sterling per long ton.