AB O UT TH E AUTH O R S As an undergraduate student in psychology at the University of Redlands, the lead author, Catherine Purcell, worked in a transitional rehabilitation program at Patton State Hospital, a forensic in-patient psychiatric facility, where she had her first encounter with a paraphilic offender. The patient in question had an Axis I diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder 295.70 and fetishism 302.81. In addition, he harbored extremely violent and distorted sexual fantasies. His crime occurred while acting out one of his paraphilic fantasies. In his fantasy, the man cut his victim's throat while experiencing sexual intercourse with her. This was the first time that the lead author was exposed to the notion of fetishism and the criminal manifestation of erotic and sadistically deviant be- havior. Since then, both practitioner (including legal and clinical) and scientific interests have been prominently featured in her ongoing applied work. Through the course of her endeavors thus far, she has come to realize that there is a limited amount of sound research within this complex domain of criminal psychology. This has led her to conclude that both theory construction and model making are essential if the knowledge base in this area is to be meaningfully and usefully advanced. Due to this need for theory and model development, Dr. Purcell explored this idea in her graduate studies, and ultimately developed the Integra- tive Model for Paraphilia, the crux of her doctoral dissertation. She received her bachelors degree from the University of Redlands, and received her Ph.D. in Forensic Psychology from the Institute of Psychology, Law and Public Policy at the California School of Professional Psychology in Fresno, California. Dr. Purcell was part of the first class of forensic psychologists at the Fresno campus. While at CSPP Fresno, she was able to work collectively with Dr. Hickey out of California State University Fresno. Since receiving her doc- X! X ! I ABOUT THE AUTHORS torate in 2000, she has continued to work with him in the capacity of a research assistant, as well as guest lecturing several criminology classes for him at CSUE Dr. Purcell has worked for several years as a psychologist for the California Department of Corrections. Her most recent position has been in the capacity of Mental Health Coordinator for the only maximum security juvenile detention facility in Kern County. In addition, she has taught several classes in psychology and criminology at National University in Fresno and California State University Fresno. She continues her research endeavors in the area of model and theory development of paraphilic sexual crimes, and has recently been involved in pro- filing such cases with law enforcement entities, as well as lecturing to audiences on forensic psychology. Similar interests and concerns have informed Bruce Arrigo's professional endeavors. He began his career as a community mental health outreach worker in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, specializing in assisting the homeless and persons with psychiatric disabilities. Although his interventions were not principally tar- geted to individuals with paraphilic (and murderous) proclivities, several indi- viduals spoke of such tendencies and sought out-patient treatment to address them. As an educator, Dr. Arrigo has often explored the extreme boundaries of crim- inal behavior, especially given the fascination students generally express over actual clinical cases or popular movie portrayals of the same. This has led him to investigate a number of worthwhile topics, not the least of which includes para- philia and lust murder. Whether addressing these issues in the classroom, through fieldwork practices, or by way of scholarly publication, he has found that knowl- edge about erotophonophilia remains mostly underdeveloped or unexamined. As such, he has surmised that a more systematic treatment of this phenomenon, anchored in sound social and behavioral science research, is one vital step toward growing the literature in this area of criminal behavior studies. Dr. Arrigo is Professor of Crime, Law, and Society within the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte. He holds addi- tional faculty appointments in the Psychology Department and the Public Policy Program. He served as Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice at UNC- Charlotte (2001-2004) and as Director of the Institute of Psychology, Law, and Public Policy at the California School of Professional Psychology-Fresno (1996-2001). Dr. Arrigo is the author of more than 125 journal articles, book chapters, and scholarly essays. In addition, he is the (co)author or editor of 20 volumes published or in press. Recent books include Psychological Jurispru- dence: Critical Explorations in Law, Crime, and Society (2004), Police Corrup- tion and Psychological Testing (2005), Introduction to Forensic Psychology (2 nd ed.) (2005), and Criminal Behavior (2006). Dr. Arrigo is Editor-in-Chief of the peer-reviewed quarterly the Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, as well as the Book Series Editor for Criminal Justice and Psychology (Carolina Academic Press) and Critical Perspectives in Criminology (University of Illinois Press). He is a past recipient of the Criminologist of the Year Award (2000), sponsored by ABOUT THE AUTHORS Xlll the Division on Critical Criminology of the American Society of Criminology, and is also a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (2002) and a Fellow of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (2005). Whether in the context of professional practice work, applied research, or classroom instruction, both authors believe that the fields of criminal justice and psychology can benefit from a more thorough assessment of lust murder. Admit- tedly, the work undertaken along these lines in the pages that follow is by no means exhaustive. No book can ever make such a claim, despite the compelling nature of its contents or the erudition of its arguments. However, in the case of this volume, our aims are decidedly modest. Having said this, we believe that the paraphilic process and the crime of lust murder warrant further exploration and careful scrutiny. Readers and reviewers alike will have to decide if our efforts represent a useful foundation for the next generation of social and behavioral sci- entists inclined to investigate these troubling and provocative matters. 1 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW Sexually deviant or aberrant behaviors, otherwise known as paraphilias, are commonly associated with crimes that are sexual in nature (Hickey, 2005). There are literally hundreds of paraphilias. Some are more common (e.g., voyeurism) or well known (e.g., cannibalism) than others. Deviant sexual behavior exists on a continuum and varies in severity. Some of these behaviors can be classified as criminal; others represent mostly nuisance forms of conduct. An example of this continuum's breadth can be illustrated by looking at severe sexual deviance (e.g., pedophilia or rape) versus harmless variants (e.g., fetishism or peeping Toms). On the most extreme end of the paraphilic continuum is erotophonophilia, com- monly referred to as lust murder (Arrigo & Purcell, 2001). Erotophonophilia is the acting out of injurious behaviors by brutally and sadis- tically assailing the victim (Hickey, 2003). These actions are undertaken so that the offender can achieve sexual satisfaction. Lust murderers are likely to repeat their crimes, making them serial in nature (Egger, 2002; Hickey, 2001). Mutila- tion of body parts, especially the genitalia, represents a routine characteristic of this form of paraphilic deviance (Hickey, 2005; Money, 1990). This book examines the sexual offense of lust murder. This type of killer makes a profound connection between sexual gratification and fatal violence (Holmes, 1991; Simon, 1996). The lust murderer harbors deep-seated, erotically charged fantasies in which his attacks and slayings sate, although incompletely and tem- porarily, the need for more sexual violence (Arrigo & Purcell, 2001; Hazelwood & Douglas, 1980; Schlesinger, 2003). For these assailants, sexual enjoyment and erotic fulfillment depend on the amount of torture and mutilation they can inflict 2 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LUST MURDER upon their victims (Holmes & Holmes, 2002a). Thus, for the lust murderer, ulti- mate pleasure is derived from sadistically killing others. Clearly, then, they are motivated by a violent and powerful need for sustained sexual satisfaction (Kafka, 2003). The extant research on the origins, onset, and escalation of paraphilias, as well as their criminogenic structure, is somewhat limited and mostly anecdotal (Hickey, 2005). Notwithstanding these deficiencies, this volume investigates the relationship between sadistic sexual deviance and lust murder, arguing that the association represents a systemic process of increasingly erotic and violent behav- ior. In addition, this book examines the prevailing conceptual models on sexual homicide and serial murder. The aim is to create an integrated theoretical frame- work that can comprehensively account for the joint effects of paraphilia and lust killing. If successfully developed, the framework or typology can help classify lust murder as a specific and distinct category of sexual homicide in which para- philia functions as an underlying motive. In an effort to foster meaningful conceptual synthesis, two existing models on the subject are investigated: the motivational typology developed by Burgess, Hartman,