Estudo Fonológico E Morfossintático Da Língua Juruna

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Estudo Fonológico E Morfossintático Da Língua Juruna Cristina MarL1ns F argetti ESTUDO FONOLÓGICO E MORFOSSINTÁTICO DA LÍNGUA JIJRUNA Tese apresentada ao Curso de Lingüística do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutora em Lingüística Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Lucy Seki Estudos Linguagem FICHA CAI ALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA BIBLIOTECA IEL - UNICAcW Martins F224e Estudo Fonológico e Mí)rfí)Ssínt:í.ti(:o Fargetti. --Campinas, SP [s.n.], Orientador ·. Lucy Seki Tese (doutorado) - de Campinas, Instituto Estudos da Linguagem. 1 Índios - Línguas 2. Língua 1u!'uHa Fonol'ogia . 3 Língua juruna - Gramática. I. Seki, Un:ive:rsida<je Estadual de Camoina.s Instituto de Estudos da Lil1gu:ag'"m Profa. Dra. Llt/ySeki - Orientadora Prof Dr. Angel Corbera Mori Profa. Dra. Maria Bemadete Marques Abaurre Profa. Dra. Adair Pimentel Palacio Prof Dr. Aryon Dali ' Igna Rodrigues rn l (} A KadÚ, Xutã, HÍ e Bisaka , verdadeiros sábios, que muito me ensinaram, e que talvez nunca leiam estas páginas Aos professores juruna, de quem espero uma leitura critica deste trabalho i A P Minhocas arejam a terra ; poetas a linguagem Manoel de Barros (1990) Gramai:ica expositiva do chão , K'i kapa de na 'e' e lu , , , , , , K'i de na umaka de 'e' e lu. r na paku kade upade , , , , ika te hide, i na iduma hidji te. r r r , r Umaka de 'e'elu kade na bitu tyau, umaka k1 , , yaekuakua na kahu. , , , , , Kahu w'i tadei uxixi karia kara. Sutadei na edu kade , , , , awaie lã yaekua umaka be ta. , , , , ,, ,, , 1 na ab'iku kade kãli sã txa, kãli sã txa kade ,, , , , , , , iduaha ne te. Kaapa dak1 kapiiku, una umaka be elu , , , karayãhã ubahu kaapa su. , , , , ,, , Kuad'i 'e'u txa tade na 'e'a a hide, uwaka da , , , , umaka yaekuakua karaha. Tarupi Kayabi Yudja Essa noite eu sonhei Essa noite eu sonhei com meu amor. Quando eu acordei eu a procurei mas não a encontrei. Quando eu sonhei com meu amor não consegui dormir mais, eu só pensava no meu amor até o dia amanhecer. Quando foi amanhecendo o passarinho cantou. Então eu ouvi, eu me lembrei de novo do meu amor. Quando acordei saí fora, quando saí fora da casa tive vontade de encontrá-la. O dia estava também bem quieto, triste ; o dia sabe que eu estou com saudade do meu amor. Quando o sol entrou, eu queria chorar, vontade de chorar quando fico lembrando do meu amor. Tarupi Kayabi Yudja AGRADECIMENTOS Meus sinceros agradecimentos às seguintes pessoas e instituições : À comunidade juruna, que me acolheu como amiga e parente; Aos juruna que colaboraram mais diretamente com a pesquisa, os quais, pela ausência de um termo melhor, são chamados de "informantes", mas que sempre foram na verdade fiéis amigos; À Professora Dra. Lucy Seki, que acolheu-me em sua equipe, apresentou-me aos juruna, e que, ao longo destes anos de segura orientação a esta tese, tornou-se companheira, amiga, confidente; Aos professores do IEL, em especial ao Dr. Luiz Carlos Cagliari, ao Dr. Angel Corbera Mori, pelas sugestões de leitura e de análise, e a Marcos Aurelio Pereira, pela amizade; Ao professor Dr. Aryon Dal! ' Igna Rodrigues, pelas sugestões de bibliografia, pelos comentários e sugestões, e principalmente pelo encorajamento e amizade; À Dra. Adair Pimentel Palácio, pelos comentários e sugestões feitos com tão bom humor; Aos meus colegas de trabalho na Unimep, Sônia C.P. Daros, Elizabeth M. Alcântara , Josiane de Souza, Neide Poli, Vadinea Corbini, Aurora Barbosa, Antonio C. Rocha, V era Barros, Gabriele Cornelli, Edivaldo Bortoleto, Amós Nascimento (Assessoria para Assuntos Internacionais), Carnilo Riani (Salão de Humor Universitário) , Heitor Amilcar da Silveira Neto( editor da Editora Unimep), Julio Amstalden (músico), Nabor Nunes Filho (músico) , entre outros, pela amizade e pela colaboração em meu trabalho com os juruna; Às professoras Jandyra Silveira Ramos, Josette Silveira Mello Feres e Maria da Glória Silveira Mello, pela amizade e colaboração com meu trabalho; Aos meus irmãos Renato Martins e José Martins Júnior, que sempre me apoiaram em meu trabalho, especialmente nos muitos problemas com computador , scanner e outros bichos. A minha irmã Mârcia Martins , e a minha prima Adriana Bonadia Martins Ament , amigas de sempre , cujas contas telefônicas ultimamente têm sido estratosféricas; A Mark Damian Ament, pela revisão do Summary e pela amizade; Ao Rogério Vicente Ferreira , amigo da pós-graduação do IEL, pelo auxílio na formatação da tese; Aos queridos amigos da pós-graduação no IEL e/ou do Xíngu, Luciana Dourado, Cilene Campetela, Raquel Guirardello ,Cristina Borella, Patricia Borges, Bruna Franchetto, Frantomé Pacheco, Ludoviko Santos, acima de tudo pela cumplicidade (bebemos juntos da água do rio Xingu); e a Gladis Massini-Cagliari, pela amizade; À Bimba, Maria Cristina Troncarelli, coordenadora do Projeto de educação no Parque Indígena Xingu, pela amizade e colaboração com meus projetos pouco ortodoxos; Ao ISA (Instituto Socioambiental), por ter confiado em mim como assessora do ensino bilíngüe para a comunidade juruna e por ter , de forma indireta, colaborado com minha pesquisa; À CAPES, pela bolsa de estudos concedida durante o curso de doutorado em lingüística; A FUNAI, pela permissão de entrada no Xingue realização da pesquisa; 14 Finalmente, a meus outros familiares que , além do respeito ao meu trabalho com os juruna, sempre colaboraram durante minhas ausências devido às viagens e me incentivaram a prosseguir, mesmo em condições adversas; em especial a meus pais José e Myltes Arthur Martins, a meu marido Sylvio Lisboa Fargetti , e a Laura e Silvio, que sabem amar uma mãe em constante "programa de índio" __ _ 15 ABREV1AÇÕES E SlldBOLOS C consoante V vogal [ ] transcrição fonética I I transcrição fonológica 0 ausência do elemento acento (precedendo a sílaba acentuada) tom alto, marcado sobre a vogal (o tom baixo não é marcado) I no ambiente encaixe do elemento em variação com n.d.a. nos demais ambientes # fronteira de palavra V vogal nasal oposição/contraste entre sons sílaba pesada sílaba leve * proeminência silábica I frase agramatical X cabeça de constituinte sílaba que não seja cabeça de constituinte métrico ( ) delimitação de constituinte métrico SN sintagrna nominal SV sitagma verbal s singular pl plural 1s I' pessoa singular 2s i pessoa singular 3 s 3' pessoa singular 1p r' pessoa plural incl inclusiva (o interlocutor incluído) SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos Abreviações e símbolos Sumário ......................................................................................................................... 19 Resumo........................................................................... ........................................ 23 Introdução........................................................................................................................ 25 Objetivos e justificativa.................................................................................................. .25 Metodologia..................................................................................................................... 27 Breve histórico do trabalho de coleta de dados (viagens) .............................................. 29 Coleta de dados........... ........................................ .................................. 32 Questão termmo. 1' ogtca . .................................................................................................... .33 Transcnçao·- utttzaT d a.................................................... ................................ ..34 Situação lingüística . .... ...... .. .. .. ... .. .... .. .... .... .. .. ........ .... .. .. .. .... .. .. ... .. .. .... .. ... 37 Ensino bilíngüe . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ................................. .39 InfluenctasA • d e uma d escnçao•-1• mgiustiCa -'" . .. .. .. .. .. ....... .47 Estrutura da tese ........................................................................................................... ..49 Capítulo I :Fonologia................................................................................ ....... ... 51 1.1. Fonemas segmentais ........... .................................... ... ................................... ..55 L L L Consoantes . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... 55 1.1.2. Vogais ........... .. .................... ............. .. .... .. .. .. .. ..... .. ...... 62 1.13 Oposição .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... .... .. .. .................. 68 UA. Quadros de fonemas................. .... .................... .............. .... 75 1.2. Tom ........................................................................................................................ 77 1.2.1. Classificação do sistema do juruna ................................................................ 77 L22.Questões metodológicas ......... .. .................... .... ........................ 79 1.2. 3. Análise . .. .. .. ................. 80 1.3 Acento................. ............. ................. ............. .. .. 82 1.3.1. Localização do acento .... .... ........ ............ ... 82 132. Nova análise ... ... ..... ............. .. ... ..... ............... ...... 84 1.3 3. Peso silábico . .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ........ 86 1.3.4 Teoria de Proeminência Silábica x Teoria Moraica ....... .................. 88 1.3.5. Argumentos para uma análise .................. ................ 89 1.3.6. Proposta de análise .......... .... .. .......... ............ ...... 94 1.3. 7. Conclusão . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... 99 1.4Nasalidade ............ ............ .. .........
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