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The Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture Edited by Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88047-3 — The Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture Edited by Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information Index 1955 system 116, 168 anti-Americanism 347 anti-authoritarianism 167 Abe, Kazushige 204–6 anti-globalisation protests 342–3 Abe, Shinzo¯ 59, 167, 172, 176, 347 anti-Japanese sentiment abortion 79–80, 87 in China 346–7 ‘Act for the Promotion of Ainu Culture & in South Korea 345, 347 Dissemination of Knowledge Regarding Aoyama, Nanae 203 Ainu Traditions’ 72 art-tested civility 170 aged care 77, 79, 89, 136–7, 228–9 Asada, Zennosuke 186 ageing population 123, 140 Asian identity 175–6, 214 participation in sporting activities 227–8 asobi (play) 218 aidagara (betweeness) 49 Astro Boy (Tetsuwan Atomu) 243 Ainu language 71–2 audio-visual companies, export strategies Ainu people 362 banning of traditional practices 71 definition of 72 Balint, Michael 51 discrimination against 23 Benedict, Ruth 41 homeland 71 birthrate 81–5, 87, 140, 333–4 as hunters and meat eaters 304 Bon festival 221 overview 183 brain drain 144 Akitsuki, Risu 245 ‘bubble economy’ 118 All Romance Incident 189 Buddha (manga) 246 amae 41–2, 50–1 Buddhism 57, 59, 136 Amami dialects 63 background 149 Amami Islands 63 disassociation from Shinto under Meiji Amebic (novel) 209 152–6 The Anatomy of Dependence 40 effects of disassociation 153, 155–6 ancestor veneration 160–1 moral codes embodied in practice anime 15, 236 157 anime industry problems in the study of 151–2 criticisms of 237–8 as a rational philosophy 154 cultural erasure 364–5 relationship to the state 153–4 exporting success 361–2 role of wives of priests 154 globalisation of anime 254, 364–5 role of women 159 hybridity of products 364 see also Temple Buddhism major forms 236–7 buraku culture 187–9 size and significance of 236–7, 360 at a crossroad 195–6 ‘soft power’ of 237 diversity in 190–2 transnationalism 364 transformations of 192–5 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88047-3 — The Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture Edited by Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information 402 Index buraku identity collectivism 171 formation of 190, 191 archetypical analysis of 48–9 self-contradiction in 189 during Meiji period 172 Buraku Liberation League 111, 186 vs. individualism 169–71, 173 buraku liberation movements 101, 186, 189, vs. Western individualism 45–6, 48 191 comic culture 360 burakumin communitarians 16, 19 compared to other minority groups 184–5 commuting 220 discrimination against 6, 160, 182, 184–7 componential analysis 39 as a genealogical minority 182–3 computer games 15, 139 population 182–3 Confucianism 131, 132, 137 regional distribution of buraku background 149 communities 191 role of women 159 transformation in forms of discrimination consumerism 130 over time 187 consumption types of communities 193–5 depression of 115 burakumin category 182 growth in 117–19 shift from ascetic to materialist approach to capitalism and stock companies 342–3 118, 141 Chikamatsu, Monzaemon 170 ‘A Contextual Model of the Japanese’ 40, 43 childcare facilities 88–9 ‘convergence’ debate childcare policy 88 ‘cool Japan’ 216 children corporate culture of divorced parents 86 corporation as family 80–1 legal status of Koreans in Japan 30 three treasures of 2 status in ie 77 cosmopolitans 16–17 and stepfamilies 86 cultural agents China categories of 10 anti-Japanese demonstrations 347 and culture shaping forces 10–15 cultural nationalism 345–8 cultural analysis relationship with Japan 346 emic approach to 39 status of Japanese orphans and women left emic/etic distinction 38–9, 46–8, 52 during war 31–2 etic approach to 39 Chinese cultural influences 26 and use of anecdotal evidence 42–4 Chinese people, status in Japan 29 and use of native terms 41–2 Christianity, background 149–50 cultural demography 5 The Chrysanthemum and the Sword 41 cultural diffusion Chuo¯ Kyoiku¯ Shingikai 162 via emigration 26–8 citizenship via exporting of cultural products 28 bi-national parentage 32–3 cultural exports dual 30–1 cultural products 13, 216–17 Koreans in Japan 29 culturally ‘odourless’ products 362 naturalisation/de-naturalisation 31 exporting strategies 362 repatriation of Japanese women and history of 352–3 orphans from China 31–2 increase in 14 civil society 11 international reception 15 and voluntarism 122–3 Japanese-style management 354–60 class popular culture 360 kakusa shakai 2 popularity throughout Asia 134 middle class mass phenomenon 169 reluctance to export distinctively Japanese and political ideology 168–9 products 366 transformation of public perceptions of 1–2 cultural images exported, changes in 14–15 ‘working poor’ 169 cultural influences Climate and Culture 40, 48 from China 26 ‘closed country’ policy 57 from the West 26, 44 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88047-3 — The Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture Edited by Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information Index 403 cultural materialism 39 economic development cultural nationalism 130 basis of rapid development 116 and administration of capitalism and stock benefits of rapid growth 117–19 companies 342–3 conditions for growth 114–15 and adoption of a constitutional debates about convergence 114–17 parliamentary monarchy 341–2 and evolution of work culture 113 in China 345–8 nature of 114 in East Asia 343–8 role of government policies in rapid and the introduction of British cotton growth 132–3 340–1 and social welfare 83, 120 in Japan 343–4 economic downturn 82 Japanese examples 340–3 economy and jimponshugi (humanity first-ism) ‘bubble economy’ 118 343 globalisation and restructuring 119–20 in Korea 344–5 indicators of change 356 relationship to globalisation 336–7, 339–40, the lost decade 119 349–50 nihonbyo¯ (the Japanese disease) 119–20 cultural orientations, forces that shape 12 in shadow of China 127–8 cultural policy, in early 1980s 49 education cultural relativism accommodation of diversity 106–7 dilemmas of 6–9 basic global features of school culture and the ‘name order’ debate 9 96 types of 7 ‘bottom-line schools’ (teihenko¯) 105 cultural values, and globalisation 348–9 changes in school culture over time 105–6 culture class size 97, 168 definition 10 collaborative learning process 97 differing conceptions of 48 competing narratives of Japanese school typology of 10–12 culture 94–6 cute character culture 134 concept of school culture 92–3, 95–6 cyber-culture 135, 139 culture of learning 97 culture of teaching 98 daily life, varied patterns of 26 dentok¯ o¯ vs. newer elite academic schools Dainippon SumoKy¯ okai¯ (Great Japan Sumo 104–5 Association) 319 differing orientations among postwar dankai 167 students 167–8 Dazai, Osamu 201 ‘educationally difficult schools’ (kyoiku¯ dekasegi 126 kon’nanko¯) 105 Democratic Party of Japan 172, 173 elite academic high schools 103–5 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea emphasis on effort over ability (ganbarism) (DPRK) 344 96 deregulation 120–1 evening high schools 103 discrimination features of Japanese school culture 93, 96 against foreigners 33 focus on groupwork (han) 100 against minority groups 6, 23, 184–7 high school types 102–3 against women 2 introduction of compulsory education 70 linguistic 23 Kizuna division of labour 80–1 see education, teacher-student divorce rate 81, 85–7 relationships Doi, Takeo 40–2, 50–1 ‘lifestyle guidance’ (sh¯ıdo) 97–8, 102 Dowa¯ Council Policy Report (1965) middle schools 102 189 minority activism 100, 107 ‘Dowa¯ education’ 111 neo-liberal reforms 100–1 DragonBall franchise 253 non-elite academic high schools 103, 105 dual citizenship 30–1 organisational and communal skills 97 Durkheim, Emile 45 ‘Osaka model’ 101 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88047-3 — The Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture Edited by Yoshio Sugimoto Index More Information 404 Index education (cont.) ‘familism’ 48 and parental choice 101 family culture 76 primary schools 102 and aged care 77, 79, 89 reforms in recent times 108 balancing family and work 83, 88 regional variations in school culture 100–1 changes in eating arrangements 310 school rule violation 103 and childcare decisions 88–9 structure of current system 94 contemporary Japanese family 76 student behaviour 178–9 emergence of the ‘new family’ 81 teacher collaboration and professional regional variations 86–7 development 98–9 single-parent families 84 teacher-student relationships (kizuna) 99 structure of postwar family 80–1 teacher-teacher relationships 99–100 as a theme in literature 201–4 teachers’ unions 100, 101 variations by socioeconomic class 86–7 ‘Tokyo model’ 100–1 see also marriage urban-rural differences 100 family policy variations at age-graded levels 102 and fertility rates 88 variations at different types of schools and surrogate mothers 89 102–4 and work-life balance 88 variations within similarly labelled schools family system 76 104 developed by Meiji state 76–9 vocational high schools 103, 105 family values, and political culture 177–9 waning aspirational culture 107–8 food culture ‘whole person education’ 97–8 chabudai table 310–11 Ekuni, Kaoiri 209 changes in the dinner table 310 electronic gadgets 134–7 changes in ways meals are served 311 elite culture 10 composition and serving of conventional Emancipation Edict 185, 189 Japanese meal 300 emic concepts of Japan decline in meal preparation at home 314 critical appraisals of 40 fish consumption 302–4,
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