Evaluating the Effects of Colonialism on Deforestation in Madagascar: a Social and Environmental History
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The United States Peace Corps/Madagascar Is Recruiting for the Following Position
The United States Peace Corps/Madagascar is recruiting for the following position: TEMPORARY LANGUAGE AND CROSS-CULTURAL FACILITATORS (LCF) The position is based at the Peace Corps Training Center, in Mantasoa, and is a short-term contract (typically 10 to 14 weeks). The primary role of the LCF is to train American trainees and volunteers in the Malagasy language and culture. Training usually take place at a residential training facilities where both LCFs and trainees/volunteers stay full-time. LCFs work under the direct supervision of Peace Corps Madagascar’s Language Coordinator. The duties of the LCF include, but are not limited to: Conduct Malagasy language training classes with small groups of American trainees or volunteers. Participate in the preparation of language training materials or resources. Conduct formal sessions and provide ongoing informal instruction and advice to trainees/volunteers regarding cultural adaptation and culturally appropriate behavior Interact with trainees outside of the classroom setting, providing informal training during meals, social events and other periods outside of classroom training Actively participate in staff language training Serve as the cultural model and guide for trainees/volunteers within their communities Establish and maintain a healthy, productive team spirit among the language staff and between support staff and Volunteer trainers Occasionally serve as Malagasy and English interpreters and/or translators. As requested, install the new Volunteers at their permanent sites; and train their community-based tutor as needed Required Qualifications: Completion of secondary school (Minimum BACC) Fluency in English, French and Malagasy Mastery in at least one of the following dialects: Betsileo, Antakarana, Antambahoaka, Antemoro, Antesaka, Antefasy, Sakalava boina, Antanosy, Antandroy, Sihanaka, Mahafaly, Bara. -
Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin Mcdonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz
‘A Man of Courage and Activity’: Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin McDonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz “The sea is everything it is said to be: it provides unity, transport , the means of exchange and intercourse, if man is prepared to make an effort and pay a price.” – Fernand Braudel In the summer of 1694, Thomas Tew, an infamous Anglo -American pirate, was observed riding comfortably in the open coach of New York’s only six -horse carriage with Benjamin Fletcher, the colonel -governor of the colony. 2 Throughout the far -flung English empire, especially during the seventeenth century, associations between colonial administrators and pirates were de rig ueur, and in this regard , New York was similar to many of her sister colonies. In the developing Atlantic world, pirates were often commissioned as privateers and functioned both as a first line of defense against seaborne attack from imperial foes and as essential economic contributors in the oft -depressed colonies. In the latter half of the seventeenth century, moreover, colonial pirates and privateers became important transcultural brokers in the Indian Ocean region, spanning the globe to form an Indo-Atlantic trade network be tween North America and Madagascar. More than mere “pirates,” as they have traditionally been designated, these were early modern transcultural frontiersmen: in the process of shifting their theater of operations from the Caribbean to the rich trading grounds of the Indian Ocean world, 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Counter -Currents and Mainstreams in World History” conference at UCLA on December 6-7, 2003, organized by Richard von Glahn for the World History Workshop, a University of California Multi -Campus Research Unit. -
Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, -
AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI): MEASURING HUMAN EXCLUSION for STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION East Africa Report
AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI): MEASURING HUMAN EXCLUSION FOR STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION East Africa Report AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) A 2 AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) i AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI): MEASURING HUMAN EXCLUSION FOR STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION East Africa Report Employment and Social Protection Section Social Development Policy Division UN Economic Commission for Africa 2 AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) i Ordering information To order copies of African Social Development Index (ASDI): Measuring Human Exclusion For Structuraltransformation , please contact: Publications Economic Commission for Africa P.O. Box 3001 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251 11 544-9900 Fax: +251 11 551-4416 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.uneca.org © 2016 Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia All rights reserved First printing September 2016 ISBN: ------ Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication. Designed and printed by the ECA Documents Publishing Unit. ISO 14001:2004 certified. ii AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) AFRICAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (ASDI) iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................................iv Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................v -
Colonial Conquest in Central Madagascar: Who Resisted What? Ellis, S.; Abbink, G.J.; Bruijn, M.E
Colonial conquest in central Madagascar: who resisted what? Ellis, S.; Abbink, G.J.; Bruijn, M.E. de.; Walraven, K. van Citation Ellis, S. (2003). Colonial conquest in central Madagascar: who resisted what? In G. J. Abbink, M. E. de. Bruijn, & K. van Walraven (Eds.), African dynamics (pp. 69-86). Leiden [etc.]: Brill. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9618 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9618 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 68 De Bruijn & Van Dijk of the various layers of ethnie identities, which arose over the centuries and which is largely unknown, is only beginning to unfold through new research. In 8 * a number of instances the opposition between strangers (conquerors) and the original population may have been an important dividing line. In summary, the daily reality for the ordinary people living under Fulbe rule in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries must have been one of conflict and political instability, in which they sometimes participated actively and of which they were at other Colonial conquest in central Madagascar: times the victims. How this influenced their daily lives will forever be hidden as Who resisted what? there is a silence about their fate in the oral traditions and written sources of these times. Stephen Ellis A rising against French colonial rule m central Madagascar (1895-1898) appeared in the 197Os as a good example of résistance to colonialism, sparked by France 's occupation of Madagascar. Like many similar episodes in other parts of Africa, it was a history that appeared, in the light of later African nationalist movements, to be a precursor to the more sophisticated anti-colonial movements that eventually led to independence, in Madagascar and elsewhere. -
Somali Fisheries
www.securefisheries.org SECURING SOMALI FISHERIES Sarah M. Glaser Paige M. Roberts Robert H. Mazurek Kaija J. Hurlburt Liza Kane-Hartnett Securing Somali Fisheries | i SECURING SOMALI FISHERIES Sarah M. Glaser Paige M. Roberts Robert H. Mazurek Kaija J. Hurlburt Liza Kane-Hartnett Contributors: Ashley Wilson, Timothy Davies, and Robert Arthur (MRAG, London) Graphics: Timothy Schommer and Andrea Jovanovic Please send comments and questions to: Sarah M. Glaser, PhD Research Associate, Secure Fisheries One Earth Future Foundation +1 720 214 4425 [email protected] Please cite this document as: Glaser SM, Roberts PM, Mazurek RH, Hurlburt KJ, and Kane-Hartnett L (2015) Securing Somali Fisheries. Denver, CO: One Earth Future Foundation. DOI: 10.18289/OEF.2015.001 Secure Fisheries is a program of the One Earth Future Foundation Cover Photo: Shakila Sadik Hashim at Alla Aamin fishing company in Berbera, Jean-Pierre Larroque. ii | Securing Somali Fisheries TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, BOXES ............................................................................................. iii FOUNDER’S LETTER .................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. vi DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Somali) ............................................................................................ -
Status, Trends and Future Dynamics of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Underpinning Nature’S Contributions to People 1
CHAPTER 3 . STATUS, TRENDS AND FUTURE DYNAMICS OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS UNDERPINNING NATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PEOPLE 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 STATUS, TRENDS AND FUTURE DYNAMICS CHAPTER OF BIODIVERSITY AND 3 ECOSYSTEMS UNDERPINNING NATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER TO PEOPLE 4 Coordinating Lead Authors Review Editors: Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem (France), Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun (Cameroon) Amy E. Dunham (United States of America), Christopher Gordon (Ghana) 3 CHAPTER This chapter should be cited as: Cormier-Salem, M-C., Dunham, A. E., Lead Authors Gordon, C., Belhabib, D., Bennas, N., Dyhia Belhabib (Canada), Nard Bennas Duminil, J., Egoh, B. N., Mohamed- (Morocco), Jérôme Duminil (France), Elahamer, A. E., Moise, B. F. E., Gillson, L., 5 Benis N. Egoh (Cameroon), Aisha Elfaki Haddane, B., Mensah, A., Mourad, A., Mohamed Elahamer (Sudan), Bakwo Fils Randrianasolo, H., Razaindratsima, O. H., Eric Moise (Cameroon), Lindsey Gillson Taleb, M. S., Shemdoe, R., Dowo, G., (United Kingdom), Brahim Haddane Amekugbe, M., Burgess, N., Foden, W., (Morocco), Adelina Mensah (Ghana), Ahmim Niskanen, L., Mentzel, C., Njabo, K. Y., CHAPTER Mourad (Algeria), Harison Randrianasolo Maoela, M. A., Marchant, R., Walters, M., (Madagascar), Onja H. Razaindratsima and Yao, A. C. Chapter 3: Status, trends (Madagascar), Mohammed Sghir Taleb and future dynamics of biodiversity (Morocco), Riziki Shemdoe (Tanzania) and ecosystems underpinning nature’s 6 contributions to people. In IPBES (2018): Fellow: The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Gregory Dowo (Zimbabwe) Africa. Archer, E., Dziba, L., Mulongoy, K. J., Maoela, M. A., and Walters, M. (eds.). CHAPTER Contributing Authors: Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Millicent Amekugbe (Ghana), Neil Burgess Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity (United Kingdom), Wendy Foden (South and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, Africa), Leo Niskanen (Finland), Christine pp. -
The Madagascar Affair, Part 2
Imperial Disposition The Impact of Ideology on French Colonial Policy in Madagascar 1883-1896 Tucker Stuart Fross Mentored by Aviel Roshwald Advised by Howard Spendelow Senior Honors Seminar HIST 408-409 May 7, 2012 Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 II. The First Madagascar Affair, 1883-1885 25 III. Le parti colonial & the victory of Expansionist thought, 1885-1893 42 IV. The Second Madagascar Affair, part 1. Tension & Negotiation, 1894-1895 56 V. The Second Madagascar Affair, part 2. Expedition & Annexation, 1895-1896 85 VI. Conclusion 116 1 Chapter I. Introduction “An irresistible movement is bearing the great nations of Europe towards the conquest of fresh territories. It is like a huge steeplechase into the unknown.”1 --Jules Ferry Empires share little with cathedrals. The old cities built cathedrals over generations. Sons placed bricks over those laid down by their fathers. These were the projects of a town, a people, or a nation. The design was composed by an architect who would not live to see its completion, carried through generations in the memory of a collective mind, and patiently imposed upon the world. Empires may be the constructions of generations, but they do not often appear to result from the persistent projection of a unified design. Yet both empires and cathedrals have inspired religious devotion. In the late nineteenth century, the idea of empire took on the appearance of a transnational cult. Expansion of imperial control was deemed intrinsically valuable, not only as a means to power, but for the mere expression and propagation of the civilization of the conqueror. -
Les Savoirs Du Territoire En Imerina (Hautes Terres Centrales De Madagascar)
Le territoire, lien ou frontière ? Paris, 2-4 octobre 1995 Les savoirs du territoire en Imerina (Hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) Chantal BLANC-PAMARD CEA/CNRS Sur les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar, les Merina sont des gens de territoire. Imerina est un toponyme, Merina un parler et un ethnonyme. Selon les traditions historiques merina les plus répandues, le nom de Merina1 ne serait en usage que depuis le règne de Ralambo, à la fin du XVIème siècle. C'est à ce dernier que l'on attribue la définition de l'Imerina : "J'appelle ceci l'Imerina sous le jour (I Merina ambaniandro). Et je l'appelle l'Imerina parce que j'occupe tous les sommets; il n'y a rien qui ne soit à moi dans tout ce qui est sous la lumière du jour"2. Le toponyme ambaniandro caractérise la conception par rapport à l'axe vertical. Ce pays "sous la lumière que seul le soleil domine" est également caractérisé par le regard qu'on lui porte, à la fois ceux qui sont vus sur les hauteurs mais aussi ceux qui dominent les régions plus basses environnantes. Le rôle joué par le regard est très important pour le contrôle du territoire comme en témoignent les nombreux sites fortifiés qui coiffent les sommets des collines (Mille, 1970). Un roi merina disait lors de sa conquête : "A moi toutes ces hauteurs (manerinerina)"3. On notera également l'importance du terme maso qui signifie œil. Le soleil est masoandro l'œil du jour; la source est masondrano œil de l'eau4. -
Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Northern Madagascar: Morpho‑Genetic Systematics and Implications of Anthropic Impacts for Conservation
Biodiversity and Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02156-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Marine macroalgal biodiversity of northern Madagascar: morpho‑genetic systematics and implications of anthropic impacts for conservation Christophe Vieira1,2 · Antoine De Ramon N’Yeurt3 · Faravavy A. Rasoamanendrika4 · Sofe D’Hondt2 · Lan‑Anh Thi Tran2,5 · Didier Van den Spiegel6 · Hiroshi Kawai1 · Olivier De Clerck2 Received: 24 September 2020 / Revised: 29 January 2021 / Accepted: 9 March 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 Abstract A foristic survey of the marine algal biodiversity of Antsiranana Bay, northern Madagas- car, was conducted during November 2018. This represents the frst inventory encompass- ing the three major macroalgal classes (Phaeophyceae, Florideophyceae and Ulvophyceae) for the little-known Malagasy marine fora. Combining morphological and DNA-based approaches, we report from our collection a total of 110 species from northern Madagas- car, including 30 species of Phaeophyceae, 50 Florideophyceae and 30 Ulvophyceae. Bar- coding of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene was used for the three algal classes, in addi- tion to tufA for the Ulvophyceae. This study signifcantly increases our knowledge of the Malagasy marine biodiversity while augmenting the rbcL and tufA algal reference libraries for DNA barcoding. These eforts resulted in a total of 72 new species records for Mada- gascar. Combining our own data with the literature, we also provide an updated catalogue of 442 taxa of marine benthic -
The Foreign Military Presence in the Horn of Africa Region
SIPRI Background Paper April 2019 THE FOREIGN MILITARY SUMMARY w The Horn of Africa is PRESENCE IN THE HORN OF undergoing far-reaching changes in its external security AFRICA REGION environment. A wide variety of international security actors— from Europe, the United States, neil melvin the Middle East, the Gulf, and Asia—are currently operating I. Introduction in the region. As a result, the Horn of Africa has experienced The Horn of Africa region has experienced a substantial increase in the a proliferation of foreign number and size of foreign military deployments since 2001, especially in the military bases and a build-up of 1 past decade (see annexes 1 and 2 for an overview). A wide range of regional naval forces. The external and international security actors are currently operating in the Horn and the militarization of the Horn poses foreign military installations include land-based facilities (e.g. bases, ports, major questions for the future airstrips, training camps, semi-permanent facilities and logistics hubs) and security and stability of the naval forces on permanent or regular deployment.2 The most visible aspect region. of this presence is the proliferation of military facilities in littoral areas along This SIPRI Background the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa.3 However, there has also been a build-up Paper is the first of three papers of naval forces, notably around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, at the entrance to devoted to the new external the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden. security politics of the Horn of This SIPRI Background Paper maps the foreign military presence in the Africa. -
Pour Une Géographie Du Hasina (Imerina, Madagascar) JEAN-PIERRE RAISON
Pour une géographie du hasina (Imerina, Madagascar) JEAN-PIERRE RAISON ONDEMENT DE LA PENSÉEMALGACHE », Le hasina : une énergie canalisée selon Délivré (1974 : 143), le hasina est F Le concept pourrait n'avoir de sens géogra- un concept sinon méconnu du moins souvent phique que médié par les activités humaines détourné dans un sens occidental : on use plus qu'il contribue à orienter; mais le hasina est couramment de son dérivé masina, qui traduit ancré dans des lieux ; il peut être assimilé à une le vocable chrétien de « saint ». Le hasina, selon énergie, métaphoriquement un courant élec- Webber (1853), est la «vertu intrinsèque ou trique, qui circule entre lieux et hommes surnaturelle qui rend une chose bonne et efficace comme entre les hommes eux-mêmes, et on dans son genre », un pouvoir d'efficacité, une peut, à la limite, en traiter sur le mode d'une énergie qui s'applique aux relations entre les géographie des flux, avec ses pôles hiérarchi- hommes comme entre ceux-ci et la nature. Sans sés, ses axes de circulation et ses points de distri- hasina point d'acte fécond, point d'agriculture bution. Il y a plus, s'agissant de I'Imerina, ni de pouvoir, en somme point de société. Ceci société géographique où le rattachement à un suffirait à attirer l'attention du géographe : tombeau familial est la preuve du statut social, comprendre le hasina permet d'analyser mieux où l'on est d'un groupe Voko) situé dans une tant l'utilisation que l'organisation de l'es- hiérarchie parce qu'on est d'un lieu et d'un lieu pace (11.