DOCSLIB.ORG

African Studies in Russia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE FOR AFRICAN STUDIES Editorial Board . A.M. VASILIEV (Editor-in-Chief) I.O. ABRAMOVA , D.M. BONDARENKO, An.N. IVANOV, N.A. KSENOFONTOVA, V.G. SHUBIN, G.M. SIDOROVA AFRICAN STUDIES Translation from Russian IN RUSSIA Yearbook 2003–2007 ISBN 978–5–91298–047–3 © ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬȺɮɪɢɤɢɊȺɇ, 2009 © Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, 2009. MOSCOW 2009 Anatoly Savateyev. African Civilization in the Modern World ................................182 CONTENTS Natalia Ksenofontova. Gender and Power ................................................................190 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS Dmitri Bondarenko. Visiting the Oba of Benin ................................................................203 Yury Potyomkin. Nepad, a Project of Hope? ................................................................5 Natalia Krylova. Russian Women and the Sharia: Drama in Women’s Quarters ................................................................................................209 Boris Runov. Intellectual Foundations for Development: Agenda for Sub-Saharan Africa ………………..………………… 22 Svetlana Prozhogina. Difficulties of Cultural Boundaries: “Break-Up”, “Border” or Inevitable “Transition”? Literary French Yury Skubko. South African Science after Apartheid Modern Language of the Arab World ................................................................222 Scientific and Technological Potential of the RSA ………………. 35 Nelli Gromova. The Ethno-Linguistic Situation in Tanzania ................................235 Veronika Usacheva. Mass Media in Policonfessional Tanzania ……. 44 Valentin Vydrin. Tonal systems of the Mande language: a survey ................................243 ECONOMICS CONFERENCE REPORT Leonid Fituni. The Ranking of States by Success of Their Socio-Economic Development ................................................................60 Anastasia Banshchikova, Oleg Kavykin. Fourth International Conference “Hierarchy and Power in the History Vladimir Baskin. Africa in World Trade ................................................................80 of Civilizations’” (Moscow, June 13–16, 2006) ................................264 Vladimir Kukushkin. Mineral Resources: a Threat to Security SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON AFRICAN STUDIES or an Economic Modernization Reserve (Algeria’s Experience) ................................85 PUBLISHED RUSSIA IN 2003–2007 AFRICA IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (compiled by Anatoli Ivanov) ................................................................271 Irina Abramova. African Migration: a Regional Issue or a Global Problem?................................................................................................ 97 Alexei Vassiliev. The “North-South” Relations in the Context of the G8 Activity ................................................................................................115 Yevgeny Korendyasov, Vladimir Shubin. The African Union and Russia ................................................................................................125 Tatyana Deich. Politics as a Factor of Image of Russia in Africa ................................134 Vladimir Lopatov. Russia’s Image in Africa: Economic Aspects ................................145 Galina Sidorova. Foreign Policy of Russia and Russian-Congolese Relations ................................................................158 Mikhail Vishnevsky. The Development of Militaristic Tendencies in US Policy in Africa................................................................................................162 HISTORY, CULTURE, ETHNOGRAPHY, LINGUISTICS Vassily Solodovnikov. At the 15th Session of the UN General Assembly in 1960 ................................................................173 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS Table 1 Basic Development Figures of Africa in 2002 * NEPAD, A PROJECT OF HOPE? Population, GDP, GDP Ratio to the millions $ million per capita, mean African Yury Potyomkin, $ GDP per capita, D.Sc.(Econ), Head of the Centre % for Sociological and Political Studies, All Africa 831.8 553,502 650 – Institute for African Studies % 100 100 North Africa 142.6 237,340 1,644 252.9 The opening years of the 21st century have been marked by the forma- % 17.1 42.9 tion of a new pan-continental institution, the African Union (AU), which Sub-Saharan superseded the Organization of African Unity. The AU founders regard it Africa (less as an instrument of comprehensive, sustainable development of its member the RSA) 643.9 216,344 307 47.2 countries, and their political, social, and economic integration for the % 77.4 39.1 common purpose of overcoming backwardness. This strategic mainstream RSA 45.3 104,242 2,600 400.0 acquired the shape of along-term program. The New Partnership for Af- % 5.4 18.8 rica’s Development (NEPAD), which is designed to give the region a sus- tainable economic growth by drawing upon its own forces and opportuni- Source: African Development Indicators.., 2004, Tables 1-1 and 2-5. ties and an expanded effective assistance of North countries. Above any- thing else, NEPAD has identified a significant major conceptual turn- In socioeconomic term, Sub-Saharan Africa has over three-quarters of around among African leaders in their approaches to development prob- the continent’s population and less than 40% of GDP against respectively lems. It has been a turnaround toward the recognition, in the first place, of 17% and 43% in North Africa, and 5% and 19% in the RSA. An average their primary own responsibility for the results and promises of Africa’s income per capita in Tropical Africa is more than five times smaller than in development. Secondly, toward their inability, which actually everybody North Africa, and 8.5 times in the RSA. To translate into dollar terms, the was silent about in the past, to stop independently persistent marginaliza- majority of Africans have to manage on less than one dollar a day per head, tion of a majority of the continent’s countries in the globalizing world far below the so-called poverty line, and the region’s population as a whole economy. Meanwhile, in the real circumstances, the original euphoria survives on less than two dollars a day. Considering social inequality, the among the African political class attending the birth of the AU-NEPAD life of an overwhelming majority of the African population appears in still rapidly gave way to a more conservative assessment of their opportunities darker light. and prospects. This article looks at some of the basic components of the Averages do not, of course, smooth out differences between countries situation that preceded the adoption of the “new partnership” and that in that, at times, may be vast. And yet, the general picture stands out in a fairly which NEPAD has found itself at the end of its fifth year of existence. clear outline. How has it changed over the last few decades in comparison with other regions of the South? According to UN figures (Human Devel- The Poverty Trap opment…, 2001, p. 10), in the last quarter of the past century, the gross product per capita grew at an average annual rate of (–) 1% in Sub-Saharan Africa is known to be diverse economically. A majority of its countries Africa, 0.3% in Arab countries, 0.7% in Latin America and the Caribbean, lies in the least developed part of the continent southerly of the Sahara Desert 2.3% in South Asia, and 6% in East Asia and the Pacific Region. Thus an (Sub-Saharan Africa, SSA). In the south, this part abuts the Republic of South income per capita dropped in SSA while it grew in other developing coun- Africa (RSA), the most advanced country on the continent. The northern, tries. This pattern has held in the new century as well. In 2001 merely Arab-populated subregion of Africa, is relatively affluent. The socioeconomic 16 out of 39 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa showed a scanty growth of in- positions of these three parts of Africa are given below (Table 1). come per capita, while it stagnated or declined in the others. The greatest retreat was registered in Congo (Kinshasa), Angola, Sierra Leone, Zim- * First published in Vostok (Oriens), 2006, No. 2, pp. 79-82. babwe, the Comoros, Burundi, and Togo [Marchɣs tropicaux, 2004, 5 6 No. 3038, p. 194]. In 2002, 29 out of 36 worst performers according to the OPEC) inflict enormous damage on Africa. According to World Bank esti- human development index (HDI) drawn up by the UN every year on the ba- mates, between 1970 and 1997, export revenues per capita in Africa sis of life expectancy, adult literacy, education systems characteristics, and plunged, while increasing by a factor of 3.6 in South Asia, 8.7 in East Asia, GDP per capita, were in Africa. and 2.9 in Latin America. The African countries’ total losses through wors- It is appropriate to remember here that the Millennium Declaration ening trade terms in that period ran up to nearly 120% of their aggregate passed by the UN in 2000 named the reducing to half the number of people GDP [Can Africa …, 2002, pp. 8 and 21]. The UNCTAD report for 2004 living on less than one dollar a day and by two-thirds the number of chil- gives a characteristic reason – with the worsening of trade terms, maintain- dren who die before the age of five years among the chief objectives of the ing their export revenues at the 1997 level in 2001 would require African international community by 2015. Applied to Africa, these objectives figure countries to double the export of their basic products [Marchɣs tropicaux, prominently in the AU-NEPAD documents. As the situation is
Recommended publications
  • American Shi'ism and the Media Professor Liyakat Takim Mcmaster

    American Shi'ism and the Media Professor Liyakat Takim Mcmaster

    American Shi’ism and the Media Professor Liyakat Takim McMaster University The twentieth century witnessed a dramatic increase in the migration of Muslims to the American shores. The increased presence and visibility of Muslims in America means that Islam can no longer be characterized as a Middle Eastern or South Asian phenomenon. Given the fact that it is the fastest growing religion in America, Islam is now a very American phenomenon. Scholars and journalists who have studied or written about Islam in America have limited their research to the majority, Sunni Muslims. Even in academic discourses and classes, most discussions equate Islam in America with the Sunni experience or with that of the indigenous African American Muslims. Very little has been written about the origins and experiences of minority groups within the American Muslim community.1 This monolithic view has also obscured the proper recognition and understanding of the religious experience of a significant religious minority in America. This paper will initially examine the origins and contemporary experience of the Shi‘i community in America. It will also discuss how Shi’is can better represent themselves in the media. Like other immigrants to America, Muslims have been defined as alien. This categorization has become more entrenched since the events of September 11, 2001 and is directed at Muslims who, more than any other immigrant group, are more vulnerable to stereotypes and attacks. 1 An exception to this is Yvonne Haddad and Jane Smith, Mission to America: Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993). The Early Shi’is in America The first significant wave of Muslims arrived in America between 1875 and 1912.
  • A Sketch of Dialectal Variation in Mano Maria Khachaturyan University Of

    A Sketch of Dialectal Variation in Mano Maria Khachaturyan University Of

    Mandenkan, No. 59, 2018, pp. 31-56 A sketch of dialectal variation in Mano Maria Khachaturyan University of Helsinki [email protected] This paper1 gives a preliminary account of the dialectal situation of Mano, a South Mande language. My main descriptive focus is Guinean Mano, I have been doing fieldwork on the language since 2009 and I have spent more than 14 months in the field, mainly in the city of Nzerekore and in neighboring villages. A description of the Guinean variety can be found in Khachaturyan (2015). The information on Liberian dialects was obtained in January 2018 during a short trip to three Liberian villages, Gbanquoi, Kpein and Flumpa, as well as from written sources: two language manuals: (deZeeuw & Kruah 1981; Neal et al. 1946), a Bible translation (UBS 1978) and some literacy materials (Zarwolo 2009). The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 gives a sketch of the sociolinguistic situation. Section 2 provides some preliminary observations of the interdialectal differences in phonology. Section 3 gives some details on morphosyntactic variation. Section 4 presents differences in lexicon. The results are discussed in Section 5 where I explain, in particular, why some of the dialectal differences could be in fact an issue of contact with different languages: Kpelle, especially in the North of the Mano zone, and Dan in the South. 1 I would like to express my gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful criticism. As usual, I am thankful to Pe Mamy for his tireless help and support in (our) language research, and also for his wonderful companionship in our travels (we will have to have more Club beers to share in Liberia!).
  • Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin Mcdonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz

    Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin Mcdonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz

    ‘A Man of Courage and Activity’: Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin McDonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz “The sea is everything it is said to be: it provides unity, transport , the means of exchange and intercourse, if man is prepared to make an effort and pay a price.” – Fernand Braudel In the summer of 1694, Thomas Tew, an infamous Anglo -American pirate, was observed riding comfortably in the open coach of New York’s only six -horse carriage with Benjamin Fletcher, the colonel -governor of the colony. 2 Throughout the far -flung English empire, especially during the seventeenth century, associations between colonial administrators and pirates were de rig ueur, and in this regard , New York was similar to many of her sister colonies. In the developing Atlantic world, pirates were often commissioned as privateers and functioned both as a first line of defense against seaborne attack from imperial foes and as essential economic contributors in the oft -depressed colonies. In the latter half of the seventeenth century, moreover, colonial pirates and privateers became important transcultural brokers in the Indian Ocean region, spanning the globe to form an Indo-Atlantic trade network be tween North America and Madagascar. More than mere “pirates,” as they have traditionally been designated, these were early modern transcultural frontiersmen: in the process of shifting their theater of operations from the Caribbean to the rich trading grounds of the Indian Ocean world, 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Counter -Currents and Mainstreams in World History” conference at UCLA on December 6-7, 2003, organized by Richard von Glahn for the World History Workshop, a University of California Multi -Campus Research Unit.
  • Evaluating the Effects of Colonialism on Deforestation in Madagascar: a Social and Environmental History

    Evaluating the Effects of Colonialism on Deforestation in Madagascar: a Social and Environmental History

    Evaluating the Effects of Colonialism on Deforestation in Madagascar: A Social and Environmental History Claudia Randrup Candidate for Honors in History Michael Fisher, Thesis Advisor Oberlin College Spring 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Methods and Historiography Chapter 1: Deforestation as an Environmental Issue.……………………………………… 20 The Geography of Madagascar Early Human Settlement Deforestation Chapter 2: Madagascar: The French Colony, the Forested Island…………………………. 28 Pre-Colonial Imperial History Becoming a French Colony Elements of a Colonial State Chapter 3: Appropriation and Exclusion…………………………………………………... 38 Resource Appropriation via Commercial Agriculture and Logging Concessions Rhetoric and Restriction: Madagascar’s First Protected Areas Chapter 4: Attitudes and Approaches to Forest Resources and Conservation…………….. 50 Tensions Mounting: Political Unrest Post-Colonial History and Environmental Trends Chapter 5: A New Era in Conservation?…………………………………………………... 59 The Legacy of Colonialism Cultural Conservation: The Case of Analafaly Looking Forward: Policy Recommendations Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………. 67 Selected Bibliography……………………………………………………………………… 69 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was made possible by a number of individuals and institutions. An Artz grant and a Jerome Davis grant through Oberlin College’s History department and a Doris Baron Student Research Fund award through the Environmental Studies department supported
  • Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian

    Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian

    ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra,
  • Part of Village Life

    Part of Village Life

    Linguistic Difficulties 31 When the child first enters school he is still part of village life. He speaks al- most no English when he comes to his first class, and still has fairly close ties with 6 / Difficulties in his family. His parents are perhaps suspicious, but willing to let him start. He cus- tomarily spends a year or two in "primer" class, learning to speak English, and mem- orizing a few isolated facts. He then is ready for first grade, which he enters be- mathematics class tween six and twelve years of age. The point of decision for him is in the second or third grade, when he must decide whether he is to continue school and cast his lot with the "civilized" world, or return to his tribe. His parents may have been willing for him to remain a few years in school, since in the old days three or four OWTHAT WE HAVE CONSIDERED the general outlines of Kpelle society, it is years in Bush school was not uncommon. But they assume t.hat by seco~d gra.de he appropriate to turn to the problems which served as the immediate impe- has had enough, and that it is time he returned to take up his responsibilities III the tus for this research. village. If he does not choose to return, they let him go his own way, and expect N him to support himself. Only when he has finished school do they reestablish ties, In roughly sixty elementary schools within Kpelle land there are Kpelle boys and girls struggling to learn enough English, mathematics, and science to make their in order that he assist them in their old age, and to aid his younger brothers and way into the modern world.
  • Copulas Originating from 'See / Look' Verbs in Mande Languages

    Copulas Originating from 'See / Look' Verbs in Mande Languages

    this paper is a revised version of my presentation at the Symposium “Areal patterns of grammaticalization and cross-linguistic variation in grammaticalization scenarios” Mainz, 12-14 March 2015 Copulas originating from ‘see / look’ verbs in Mande languages Denis Creissels University of Lyon [email protected] http://deniscreissels.fr 1. Introduction The grammaticalization path leading from the imperative of verbs ‘see / look’ to ostensive predicators or to copulas is not mentioned in the inventory of grammaticalization processes provided by Heine & Kuteva (2002), and ‘see / look’ verbs are not mentioned as a possible source of copulas in general accounts of non- verbal predication such as Hengeveld (1992) or Pustet (2003) either. However, French voici / voilà constitute a well-known example of the grammaticalization of the imperative of a verb ‘see’ as an ostensive predicator, and additional examples can be found for example among Chadic languages (see Hellwig (2011: 380-382) on Goemai, Jaggar (2001: 468-469) and Newman (2001: 181-182) on Hausa). As regards the possibility that verbs ‘see / look’ grammaticalize as copulas, this possibility has been recognized so far in two language families, and in one of these two cases, the first stage in this evolution is the reanalysis of the imperative of a ‘see / look’ verb as an ostensive predicator: (a) As discussed by Taine-Cheikh (2013), in Arabic languages, the grammaticalization of the imperative form of verbs cognate with Classical Arabic raʔā ‘see’ has developed in different directions, with the creation of a copula as one of its possible outcomes. (b) As observed by Westermann (1930), Monteil (1939), Heydorn (1940-1941) Heydorn (1949-1950), Welmers (1974), Creissels (1981), and Tröbs (2003), Mande languages provide evidence that copulas may result from the evolution of ostensive predicators whose origin is the imperative of a verb ‘see’.
  • Status, Trends and Future Dynamics of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Underpinning Nature’S Contributions to People 1

    Status, Trends and Future Dynamics of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Underpinning Nature’S Contributions to People 1

    CHAPTER 3 . STATUS, TRENDS AND FUTURE DYNAMICS OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS UNDERPINNING NATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PEOPLE 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 STATUS, TRENDS AND FUTURE DYNAMICS CHAPTER OF BIODIVERSITY AND 3 ECOSYSTEMS UNDERPINNING NATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER TO PEOPLE 4 Coordinating Lead Authors Review Editors: Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem (France), Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun (Cameroon) Amy E. Dunham (United States of America), Christopher Gordon (Ghana) 3 CHAPTER This chapter should be cited as: Cormier-Salem, M-C., Dunham, A. E., Lead Authors Gordon, C., Belhabib, D., Bennas, N., Dyhia Belhabib (Canada), Nard Bennas Duminil, J., Egoh, B. N., Mohamed- (Morocco), Jérôme Duminil (France), Elahamer, A. E., Moise, B. F. E., Gillson, L., 5 Benis N. Egoh (Cameroon), Aisha Elfaki Haddane, B., Mensah, A., Mourad, A., Mohamed Elahamer (Sudan), Bakwo Fils Randrianasolo, H., Razaindratsima, O. H., Eric Moise (Cameroon), Lindsey Gillson Taleb, M. S., Shemdoe, R., Dowo, G., (United Kingdom), Brahim Haddane Amekugbe, M., Burgess, N., Foden, W., (Morocco), Adelina Mensah (Ghana), Ahmim Niskanen, L., Mentzel, C., Njabo, K. Y., CHAPTER Mourad (Algeria), Harison Randrianasolo Maoela, M. A., Marchant, R., Walters, M., (Madagascar), Onja H. Razaindratsima and Yao, A. C. Chapter 3: Status, trends (Madagascar), Mohammed Sghir Taleb and future dynamics of biodiversity (Morocco), Riziki Shemdoe (Tanzania) and ecosystems underpinning nature’s 6 contributions to people. In IPBES (2018): Fellow: The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Gregory Dowo (Zimbabwe) Africa. Archer, E., Dziba, L., Mulongoy, K. J., Maoela, M. A., and Walters, M. (eds.). CHAPTER Contributing Authors: Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Millicent Amekugbe (Ghana), Neil Burgess Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity (United Kingdom), Wendy Foden (South and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, Africa), Leo Niskanen (Finland), Christine pp.
  • MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande Languages

    MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande Languages

    Article details Article author(s): Dmitry Idiatov Table of contents: Introduction General Overviews Textbooks Bibliographies Journals and Book Series Conferences Text Collections and Corpora Classifications Historical and Comparative Linguistics Western Mande Central Mande Southwestern Mande and Susu- Yalunka Soninke-Bozo, Samogo, and Bobo Southeastern Mande Eastern Mande Southern Mande Phonetics Phonology Morphosyntax Morphology Syntax Language Contact and Areal Linguistics Writing Systems MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande languages are spoken across much of inland West Africa up to the northwest of Nigeria as their eastern limit. The center of gravity of the Mande-speaking world is situated in the southwest of Mali and the neighboring regions. There are approximately seventy Mande languages. Mande languages have long been recognized as a coherent group. Thanks to both a sufficient number of clear lexical correspondences and the remarkable uniformity in basic morphosyntax, the attribution of a given language to Mande is usually straightforward. The major subdivision within Mande is between Western Mande, which comprises the majority of both languages and speakers, and Southeastern Mande (aka Southern Mande or Eastern Mande, which are also the names for the two subbranches of Southeastern Mande), a comparatively small but linguistically diverse and geographically dispersed group. Traditionally, Mande languages have been classified as one of the earliest offshoots of Niger-Congo. However, their external affiliation still remains a working hypothesis rather than an established fact. One of the most well-known Mande languages is probably Bamana (aka Bambara), as well as some of its close relatives, which in nonlinguistic publications are sometimes indiscriminately referred to as Mandingo. Mande languages are written in a variety of scripts ranging from Latin-based or Arabic-based alphabets to indigenously developed scripts, both syllabic and alphabetic.
  • Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Northern Madagascar: Morpho‑Genetic Systematics and Implications of Anthropic Impacts for Conservation

    Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Northern Madagascar: Morpho‑Genetic Systematics and Implications of Anthropic Impacts for Conservation

    Biodiversity and Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02156-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Marine macroalgal biodiversity of northern Madagascar: morpho‑genetic systematics and implications of anthropic impacts for conservation Christophe Vieira1,2 · Antoine De Ramon N’Yeurt3 · Faravavy A. Rasoamanendrika4 · Sofe D’Hondt2 · Lan‑Anh Thi Tran2,5 · Didier Van den Spiegel6 · Hiroshi Kawai1 · Olivier De Clerck2 Received: 24 September 2020 / Revised: 29 January 2021 / Accepted: 9 March 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 Abstract A foristic survey of the marine algal biodiversity of Antsiranana Bay, northern Madagas- car, was conducted during November 2018. This represents the frst inventory encompass- ing the three major macroalgal classes (Phaeophyceae, Florideophyceae and Ulvophyceae) for the little-known Malagasy marine fora. Combining morphological and DNA-based approaches, we report from our collection a total of 110 species from northern Madagas- car, including 30 species of Phaeophyceae, 50 Florideophyceae and 30 Ulvophyceae. Bar- coding of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene was used for the three algal classes, in addi- tion to tufA for the Ulvophyceae. This study signifcantly increases our knowledge of the Malagasy marine biodiversity while augmenting the rbcL and tufA algal reference libraries for DNA barcoding. These eforts resulted in a total of 72 new species records for Mada- gascar. Combining our own data with the literature, we also provide an updated catalogue of 442 taxa of marine benthic
  • Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios

    Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios

    Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 16 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Chief Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. ISSN: 2363-5568 Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language science press Walter Bisang & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). 2017. Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios (Studies in Diversity Linguistics
  • Zapbox Twin 2 Référence / Cod

    Zapbox Twin 2 Référence / Cod

    zapbox twin 2 Référence / Cod. : 441525 Terminal Numérique Mixte TERRESTRE ET SATELLITE TNT/SAT LNB S/N : 60944152600XXXX 13/18V 0/25V 100mA ANT ON 500mA VIDEO L/G OFF 230V ~ MET815 50/60Hz RS-232 PC AUDIO 14W TV LOOP S-VIDEO DIGITA L R/D TV AUDIO À LIRE ABSOLUMENT L’intérieur de votre terminal Zapbox twin 2 contient des composants soumis à haute tension ; n’ouvrez jamais l’appareil, même après avoir retiré le cordon secteur. De manière générale, les appareils audio-vidéo ne sont pas reliés à la terre, vous pouvez donc ressentir des décharges électriques (non dangereuses) en touchant deux appareils simultanément (ou un appareil et le câble d’antenne). Nous vous conseillons de brancher les appareils sur le secteur après avoir effectué toutes les liaisons et connexions. Lorsque vous rencontrez un mot que vous ne comprenez pas, allez voir dans la partie «Glossaire» en fin de notice, la plupart des mots techniques sont expliqués brièvement. Pour nettoyer votre terminal ou sa télécommande, n’employez ni solvant ni détergent. Un chiffon sec ou très légèrement humide sera parfait pour enlever la poussière. N’installez pas le terminal à proximité d’autres appareils. Choisissez un endroit aéré et ne posez rien sur les grilles d’aération. Ne posez jamais le terminal sur un autre appareil, la surchauffe qui en résulterait ferait vieillir prématurément les composants. L’appareil ne doit pas être exposé à des égouttements d’eau ou des éclaboussures et, de plus, aucun objet rempli de liquide tel que des vases ne doit être placé sur l’appareil.