Programming Bits and Atoms Neil Gershenfeld MIT Center for Bits and Atoms

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Programming Bits and Atoms Neil Gershenfeld MIT Center for Bits and Atoms Programming Bits and Atoms Neil Gershenfeld MIT Center for Bits and Atoms Thursday, April 24, 2014 at 1:30pm RTH 526 Software is digital, but not physical: it is represented by bits of information that are written without physical units. Hardware is physical, but not digital: it can contain information, but its own construction is continuous. I will present research on aligning the descriptions of software and hardware, and explore its implications for the future of computation and fabrication. Prof. Neil Gershenfeld is the Director of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms. His unique laboratory is breaking down boundaries between the digital and physical worlds, from creating molecular quantum computers to virtuosic musical instruments. Technology from his lab has been seen and used in settings including New York's Museum of Modern Art and rural Indian villages, the White House and the World Economic Forum, inner-city community centers and automobile safety systems, Las Vegas shows and Sami herds. He is the author of numerous technical publications, patents, and books including Fab, When Things Start To Think, The Nature of Mathematical Modeling, and The Physics of Information Technology, and has been featured in media such as The New York Times, The Economist, NPR, CNN, and PBS. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, has been named one of Scientific American's 50 leaders in science and technology, as one of 40 Modern-Day Leonardos by the Museum of Science and Industry, one of Popular Mechanic's 25 Makers, has been selected as a CNN/Time/Fortune Principal Voice, and by Prospect/Foreign Policy as one of the top 100 public intellectuals. Dr. Gershenfeld has a BA in Physics with High Honors from Swarthmore College, a Ph.D. in Applied Physics from Cornell University, honorary doctorates from Swarthmore College and Strathclyde University, was a Junior Fellow of the Harvard University Society of Fellows, and a member of the research staff at Bell Labs. .
Recommended publications
  • Bernd Schoner, Ph.D
    Bernd Schoner, Ph.D. 108 Auburn St. 1 Washington Sq. Vil. Cambridge, MA 02139 New York , NY 10012 berndschoner [at] gmail [dot] com _____________________________________________________________________________________________ EMPLOYMENT THINGMAGIC, A DIVISION OF TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED 2010 – present Cambridge, Massachusetts. VP Business Development. Leading integration of ThingMagic product within Trimble vertical divisions in engineering, construction, and mobile computing. Managing ThingMagic’s largest OEM accounts. Selling high-Profile technology projects in heavy-civil and vertical construction. THINGMAGIC, INC. 2005 – 2010 Cambridge, Massachusetts. Co-Founder and President. Led corPorate conversion to C-Corporation. Hired senior executives and middle management to scale the comPany to 60 PeoPle. Managed a team of 40 in charge of all technical oPerations, development and manufacturing. Led intellectual property strategy including the establishment of the RFID patent pool and defensive licensing arrangements. Transitioned into business development managing key accounts and worldwide sales. Travelled to more than fifty countries to build an international distribution channel for ThingMagic’s Products. THINGMAGIC, LLC 2000 – 2005 Cambridge, Massachusetts. Co-Founder and Managing Partner. Set-up corporate structure, legal representation, accounting. Led project and customers acquisition. Negotiated high-profile technology licensing deals. Hired executive advisor and CEO. Led transformation from services to product and manufacturing-based
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Computing with Molecules
    Reproduced with permission. Copyright (c) 1998 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved. Quantum Computing with Molecules By taking advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance, scientists can coax the molecules in some ordinary liquids to serve as an extraordinary type of computer by Neil Gershenfeld and Isaac L. Chuang ........... SUBTOPICS: Action at a Distance Spin Doctoring Two Things at Once ILLUSTRATIONS: Desktop Quantum Computer Factoring a number with 400 digits--a numerical feat needed to break some security codes--would take even the fastest supercomputer in existence billions of Magnetic Nucleus years. But a newly conceived type of computer, one that exploits quantum- Controlled-NOT mechanical interactions, might complete the task in a year or so, thereby defeating Logic Gate many of the most sophisticated encryption schemes in use. Sensitive data are safe Cracking A for the time being, because no one has been able to build a practical quantum Combination computer. But researchers have now demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Such a computer would look nothing like the machine that sits on your desk; surprisingly, it might resemble the cup of coffee at its side. FURTHER READING We and several other research groups believe quantum computers based on the molecules in a liquid might one day overcome many of the limits facing RELATED LINKS conventional computers. Roadblocks to improving conventional computers will ultimately arise from the fundamental physical bounds to miniaturization (for example, because transistors and electrical wiring cannot be made slimmer than the width of an atom). Or they may come about for practical reasons--most likely because the facilities for fabricating still more powerful microchips will become prohibitively expensive.
    [Show full text]
  • 203046 Omslag
    SUSTAINABILITY AT THE SPEED OF AT LIGHT SUSTAINABILITY Over the last few years, information technology’s This report is a contribution from WWF to the impact on society has become a hot topic. It is clear discussion about ICT in tomorrow’s society. We have that over the next couple of years information and asked some of the best experts in the world to cont- communication technologies (ICT) will affect and ribute with a chapter in which they describe the role reshape most parts of our society. ICT will come to of ICT for Sustainable Development in their respec- radically influence the global economy, and, to an tive fields. The report is an attempt to bridge the gap unknown degree, our culture and the way we percei- between the ICT experts and the policy makers in ve the world, our relationship to it, and our actions. politics and business. It is WWFs firm belief that Although ICT will have an enormous effect these groups, together with the rest of society, need on tomorrow’s society, surprisingly little research to talk more frequently and openly to each other if has been conducted regarding its future environ- we want to create a sustainable framework for the arlstad, Sweden mental consequences. Most of the work that has ICT-development. been done has reached one of two opposing con- clusions: either ICT will bring only good things, from solutions to world hunger and the elimination of all transportation problems to a revitalised democra- cy; or it will bring nothing but problems, accelera- ting resource consumption, introducing new toxic materials and resulting in greater inequity by intro- ducing a digital divide that will worsen the already unequal distribution of wealth and influence.
    [Show full text]
  • Advisory Committee for GPRA Performance Nsf05210
    July 26, 2005 The Honorable Arden L. Bement, Jr. Director National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22230 Dear Dr. Bement: We are pleased to submit the report of the Advisory Committee for GPRA Performance Assessment (AC/GPA) for 2005. It was the unanimous judgment of the Committee that NSF has demonstrated significant achievement for all indicators in the Ideas and Tools goals and also for the merit review indicator of the Organizational Excellence outcome goal. The Committee concluded that NSF demonstrated significant achievement for indicators P1-P4 of the People goal, but has not done so with respect to P5. The Advisory Committee on Business and Operations concluded that NSF demonstrated significant achievement for the other indicators of the Organizational Excellence goal. The Committee also concluded that the four outcome goals are mutually reinforcing and synergistic. They represent an integrated framework that combines research and education in a positive way and also provides the organizational infrastructure to advance the national scientific, technological, engineering, and mathematics enterprise. Thus, all four goals should always be considered as an integrated whole when assessing NSF’s performance. The Committee appreciates the continued improvement in the AC/GPA process this year. Not only were we again able to do much of our work in advance of the meeting, but NSF also provided periodic updates on the progress of each subgroup in its analyses of indicators. This Committee, with NSF’s invaluable assistance, has, we believe, modeled the very organizational excellence behavior that we seek from NSF. We also note that this committee is, perhaps, unique within the Federal government.
    [Show full text]
  • Algorithmic Approaches to Reconfigurable Assembly Systems
    Algorithmic Approaches to Reconfigurable Assembly Systems Allan Costa Amira Abdel-Rahman Department of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Bits and Atoms Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA [email protected] [email protected] Benjamin Jenett Neil Gershenfeld Center for Bits and Atoms Center for Bits and Atoms Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA [email protected] [email protected] Irina Kostitsyna Kenneth Cheung Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Coded Structures Laboratory TU Eindhoven NASA Ames Research Center Eindhoven, Netherlands Moffett Field, CA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Assembly of large scale structural systems in space ing reversible connections to allow for disassembly and reuse. is understood as critical to serving applications that cannot be These two properties, modularity and reconfigurability, have deployed from a single launch. Recent literature proposes the been appreciated throughout the history of engineered struc- use of discrete modular structures for in-space assembly and rel- tures, and can be found in applications ranging from truss atively small scale robotics that are able to modify and traverse units for infrastructure to LEGO-style consumer products the structure. This paper addresses the algorithmic problems in scaling reconfigurable space structures built through robotic and toys. Modularity can reduce complexity, and recon- construction, where reconfiguration is defined as the problem figurability can reduce material requirements for a variety of transforming an initial structure into a different goal con- of objectives. Combined, these attributes create significant figuration. We analyze different algorithmic paradigms and potential for cost saving, adaptability, and scalability.
    [Show full text]
  • Mark Perakh David Morrison Lawrence Krauss Jason Rosenhouse Sean B. Carroll Elie Shneour Lawrence S. Lerner
    PHIL KLASS AND ROBERT BAKER REMEMBERED • EXPOSING A PSEUDOSCIENCE SCAM • LEGENDS OF CASTLES AND KEEPS I / THE MAGAZINE FOR IENCE AND REASON Volume 29, No. 6 • NovxemCT If/ December 2005 Mark Perakh David Morrison Lawrence Krauss Jason Rosenhouse Sean B. Carroll Elie Shneour Lawrence S. Lerner Published by the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal THE COMMITTEE FOR THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION of Claims of the Paranormal AT THE CENTER FOR INQUIRY- TRANSNATIONAL (ADJACENT TO THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO] AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Paul Kurtz, Chairman; professor emeritus of philosophy, State University of New York at Buffalo Barry Karr, Executive Director Joe Nickell, Senior Research Fellow Massimo Polidoro, Research Fellow Richard Wiseman, Research Fellow Lee Nisbet. Special Projects Director FELLOWS James E. Alcock* psychologist York Univ., Toronto Saul Green. Ph.D., biochemist president of ZOL Loren Pankratz. psychologist Oregon Health Jerry Andrus. magician and inventor, Albany, Oregon Consultants, New York, NY Sciences Univ. Marcia Angell, M.D„ former editor-in-chief, New Susan Haack, Cooper Senior Scholar in Arts Robert L Park, professor of physics, Univ. of Maryland England Journal of Medicine and Sciences, Professor of Philosophy and John Paulos, mathematician, Temple Univ. Stephen Barrett M.D.. psychiatrist, author, Professor of Law, University of Miami Steven Pinker, cognitive scientist Harvard consumer advocate. Allentown, Pa. C E. M. Hansel, psychologist Univ. of Wales Massimo Polidoro, science writer, author, David J. Helfand, professor of astronomy, Willem Betz. professor of medicine, Univ. of executive director CICAP, Italy Brussels Columbia Univ. Milton Rosenberg, psychologist Univ. of Chicago Douglas Hofstadter, professor of human under­ Barry Beyerstein,* biopsychologist Simon Fraser Wallace Sampson, M.D., clinical professor of standing and cognitive science, Indiana Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Innovative and Entrepreneurial University: Higher
    The Innovative and Entrepreneurial University: Higher Education, Innovation & Entrepreneurship in Focus new local venture work nacie regional ways student science property U.S. Department of Commerce practices interestsupport students working talent governments industries October 2013 policies member industry universitiesintellectual expand leaders growth create funding innovation programs develop advisory community transfer actively campus education commercialization commerce national encourage efforts university call agencies faculty institution assist accelerators enhance researchresources potential opportunities entrepreneurship recommendations partners activities association advance promote prepared by: engagement attract economic technology Office of Innovation & Entrepreneurship locke existing entrepreneurs program Economic Development Administration colleges collaborations higher collaboration many In consultation with: encouraging federal National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship development strategies conducted council companies business conducted The Innovative and Entrepreneurial University: Higher Education, Innovation & Entrepreneurship in Focus Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................... Page 4 Remarks from NACIE Co-Chairs ......................................................................................... Page 5 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NSF CCR-0122419 June 29, 2008 Activities and Findings
    NSF CCR-0122419 June 29, 2008 Activities and Findings 1. Describe the major research and education activities of the project. The Center for Bits and Atoms is an interdisciplinary initiative exploring the interface between physical science and computer science. CBA comprises roughly 15 research groups from across MIT's campus, including physicists, biologists, chemists, mathematicians, computer scientists, electrical and mechanical engineers, and architects, all working at the boundary between bits and atoms. CBA researchers have programmed the dynamics of systems ranging from nuclear spins to trapped ions to genetic regulatory networks to microfluidic flows to mechanical structures to analog logic circuits to conformal computing substrates. These pioneering experiments are approaching a limit in which the number of information-bearing degrees of freedom becomes comparable to the number of physical ones. Beyond this point it's no longer possible to distinguish between computer science and physical science, because they're describing the same attributes. CBA's research is revisiting the foundations of both, by exposing rather than hiding the boundary between hardware and software. Among the consequences of investigating this fundamental connection, CBA's work has: Developed device mechanisms and programming models to effectively turn computation into a raw material that can scale to a limit of thermodynamic complexity Applied the language of computation to model and measure computationally-universal physical systems, as a complement to differential equations as an earlier kind of information technology Brought the programmability of the digital world to the physical world through bits that can transport materials as well as information, digitizing fabrication with programs that can not just describe things but be things CBA's research program is enabled by its investment in shared research infrastructure for input and output from nanometers to meters, and is supported by specialized training through a number of associated project-based classes.
    [Show full text]
  • 35Th Anniversary Celebration & Annual Meeting
    Welcome to the Cornell NanoScale Science & Technology Facility 35th Anniversary Celebration & Annual Meeting Thursday, July 19, 2012 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York THE ASSEMBLY CHAIR Assembly Steering Committee STATE OF NEW YORK COMMITTEES ALBANY Agriculture Election Law Environmental Conservation Higher Education BARBARA LIFTON Mental Health Member of Assembly Legislative Commission on Rural 125th District July 17, 2012 Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850 To all my Friends at Cornell: On behalf of the State of New York, and the 125th Assembly District, I would like to offer my congratulations to you on this very significant anniversary - your facility has been in operation for 35 years! The Cornell NanoScale and Technology Facility has made available state-of-the-art resources to hundreds of users every year and has provided them with expert staff support. Your users, many of whom come from outside of Cornell, encompass individuals doing research in engineering and physical and life sciences. Thank you for giving users from academia, industry and government laboratories the opportunity to learn and use the tools available in your facility. The research that they do advances the scientific community and will impact research for years to come. Sincerely, Barbara Lifton Member of Assembly 125th District BSL/cme ALBANY OFFICE: Room 555, Legislative Office Building, Albany, New York 12248 • 518-455-5444 DISTRICT OFFICE: 106 East Court Street, Ithaca, New York 14850 • 607-277-8030 July 19, 2012 Dear Friends: Please accept my warmest greetings and congratulations as you gather for Cornell University’s 35th Anniversary as a national user facility and symposium.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fourth Industrial Revolution a Davos Reader
    The Fourth Industrial Revolution A Davos Reader FOREIGNAFFAIRS.COM Portrait by renowned illustrator Joseph Adolphe. WILMINGTON TRUST RENOWNED INSIGHT “In a world where knowledge is power, investment intelligence is the most valuable currency.” In the spirit of bringing intellectual Aligned impressions. Much capital to our clients, we recently of this spirited talk reaffirmed hosted a captivating conversation Wilmington Trust’s core narrative, between Foreign Affairs editor favoring U.S. stocks and the country’s Gideon Rose and Fareed Zakaria, “THE MIDDLE EAST CNN host and Washington Post IS NOT THAT columnist. The U.S. economy was the IMPORTANT TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.” first topic, and Rose was cautiously – Fareed Zakaria, October 2015 hopeful, noting that pessimism can negatively impact portfolios. dominant economy. In a low-return Tony M. Roth On global growth. Focusing environment, we see the preeminence of M.A., J.D., LL.M. (Tax) internationally, the two agreed current income. For bonds in particular, Chief Investment Officer China’s economy is growing slowly. we expect challenges to persist, yet see Tony brings more than 20 years However, Zakaria stressed that opportunity for yield to be a durable of experience to bear on client portfolios each and every day. economic barometers such as GDP part of total return. We recommend He leads the team that executes don’t capture intangibles such as portfolios have an allocation for our six-stage investment process, quality of life or internet access, adding emerging markets, but expect short- which features an innovative U.S. that the “information economy” term struggles with growth, inflation, sector equity allocation approach will revolutionize industries such as and currency depreciation.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2006 Volume 15, No
    April 2006 Volume 15, No. 4 www.aps.org/apsnews Highlights What Exactly Is Michael Crichton’s APS NEWS “Scientific Method”? A Publication of the American Physical Society By James Hansen Page 4 "Big D" Hosts APS April Meeting Coast to Coast ver 1000 physicists will head to Dallas this month Ofor the April APS meet- ing, to be held April 22-25, in conjunction with the annual Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference. The meeting will include three plenary sessions, approximately 75 invited sessions, and more than 100 contributed sessions and poster sessions, covering the Dallas Skyline latest astrophysics, nuclear physics, particle physics, and social implications of cochlear quark discovery and the latest plasma physics. There will also be implants. At Session V1: carbon results from Fermilab's Tevatron a number of sessions on physics nanotubes; the search for gravity machine. Session C14 looks at a education, physics history, and waves with LIGO; and physics and novel accelerator scheme where Photo credit: Ken Cole physics and society. Some poten- engineering issues for the prospec- beams of muons would collide. Retiring APS President Marvin Cohen of Berkeley (left) passed the tial highlights follow. The com- tive International Linear Collider. Colliding beams of electrons with coveted presidential gavel, symbol of the awesome power of the APS plete program is on the web at On Monday as well, there will beams of heavy ions (Session J2) presidency, to his successor, John Hopfield of Princeton, at the http://www.aps.org/meet/APR06/. be a special lunchtime talk at 12:45 is still another way to probe mat- Executive Board meeting in College Park in early February.
    [Show full text]
  • HIGHER EDUCATION in the ERA of the FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Edited by Nancy W
    HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Edited by Nancy W. Gleason Higher Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Nancy W. Gleason Editor Higher Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Editor Nancy W. Gleason Yale-NUS College Singapore, Singapore ISBN 978-981-13-0193-3 ISBN 978-981-13-0194-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0194-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942753 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]