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HIGHER EDUCATION in the ERA of the FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Edited by Nancy W

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HIGHER EDUCATION in the ERA of the FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Edited by Nancy W HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Edited by Nancy W. Gleason Higher Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Nancy W. Gleason Editor Higher Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Editor Nancy W. Gleason Yale-NUS College Singapore, Singapore ISBN 978-981-13-0193-3 ISBN 978-981-13-0194-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0194-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942753 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: metamorworks Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore For Alexander, Theodore, George, and Isabelle And to my parents, Mary Clark Webster and William Harvey Webster, III Thank you! FOREWORD It is exciting to live in a time of real change and transformation. It is also scary. Higher education is in the throes of massive change and transformation along with the rest of society. Higher education is more accessible, to more people, in more places, and in more ways than ever in human his- tory. And, maybe, for that very reason, the what, the how, and even the why of higher education are under question. These are exciting times. And, scary. This book is an important contribution to understanding one very important dimension of the inevitable transformation of higher education: automation. It uses the lens of the ‘fourth industrial revolution’ to look at what is happening within the world of higher education and why. It is ambitious in its scope and yet grounded in its focus on actual examples from around the world. It looks at the great trends in higher education, but does so by focusing on case studies and examples from around the world. It is optimistic in its tone, but not shy of looking at potential win- ners and losers. Most importantly, it is intrinsically global in its outlook. This global outlook, in itself, is a significant contribution. A conundrum of our field is that even as all higher education, everywhere, has become manifestly global, the operation, management, and strategy of higher education have remained staunchly parochial. This book sheds the parochialness and, for that reason alone, is worth reading. This is not a book of predictions about the future of higher education as much as it is a guide to navigating the many, and mostly unknown, vii viii FOREWORD transformations that are inevitable in higher education. It raises the ques- tions we need to ask as we navigate the transformations. And in highlight- ing experiences from around the world, it points us in the direction of good practice. The importance of interdisciplinarity is emphasized throughout, as learners of all ages must meet the challenges of the auto- mation economy with creativity and curiosity. In this global community we can all learn from each other and the case studies in this book offer important examples of how some around the world are working in the classroom and at the policy level to adjust the learning environment in preparation for the future. The contexts of the fourth industrial revolution and of automation are important anchors for this discussion. Automation is a tangible reality for anyone in higher education. It is an area where the change, as well as the options, is palpable and real. The case studies in this book look at the question of automation for myriad perspectives, but all are grounded in the realizable policy and action. In bringing it together, the book makes a real contribution not only to our understanding of what is happening but also to the practical steps that readers could take in shaping the transfor- mations that are bound to take place. I am particularly delighted to read this volume because it exemplifies the intellectual energies and inherent optimism of Dr. Nancy Gleason, who has been working to improve student learning for more than 15 years. I first saw this energy and optimism in action when she was a student in my classes at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in 2005. I saw it again some years later when we worked together in the Netherlands at the International Programme on the Management of Sustainability (IPMS), sponsored by the Sustainable Challenge Foundation. I am delighted to see the same enterprise and opti- mism reflected in this volume. Dean, Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies, Adil Najam Boston University, USA Former Vice Chancellor, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am appreciative to all the contributors to this volume for their ideas and commitment to impactful higher education. They are each preparing minds for life and work in the fourth industrial revolution in unique ways and with tireless energy. Measuring learning is difficult, each of the authors in this book offers some baseline context for higher education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. I am also grateful to Professor Adil Najam for contributing the Foreword to this volume. His passion for higher edu- cation around the world, understanding of complexity as it relates to, both climate change and higher education, as well as unique administrative experience make him ideal to introduce the importance of the book. I thank him for his time and thoughts. I am also grateful to my editor, Sara Crowley-Vigneau, Senior Editor, Humanities and Social Sciences, China & Asia Pacific at Palgrave Macmillan Press. I thank all of my Yale-NUS College students for keeping me to task—the hard work of challenging them just enough to nurture new ideas is rewarding because of who they are, who they are becoming. I especially thank Calvin Jing Xun Yeo for his time working on the book with me. His formatting diligence and focus have made this a stronger book. Finally, I thank Lily Seah for her support throughout the prepara- tion of the manuscript. I acknowledge and thank the Dean of Faculty’s Office at Yale-NUS College and the Dean of Educational Resources & Technology Office at Yale-NUS College for enabling this volume to be published on Open Access. I am especially indebted to my family, always. Thank you for supporting my pursuits. ix CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 Nancy W. Gleason Part I Higher Education Themes in the 4IR Context 13 2 Globalizing the Liberal Arts: Twenty-First-Century Education 15 Pericles Lewis 3 Educational Mobility and Transnationalization 39 Peidong Yang and Yi’En Cheng 4 Academic Library Futures in a Diversified University System 65 Lorcan Dempsey and Constance Malpas Part II How Education Has Begun to Adapt: Case Study Assessment 91 5 Innovation Education in China: Preparing Attitudes, Approaches, and Intellectual Environments for Life in the Automation Economy 93 Rosaline May Lee and Yanyue (Selena) Yuan xi xii Contents 6 Regenerative Development in Higher Education: Costa Rica’s Perspective 121 Eduard Müller 7 Singapore’s Higher Education Systems in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Preparing Lifelong Learners 145 Nancy W. Gleason 8 Adopt Fast, Adapt Quick: Adaptive Approaches in the South African Context 171 Bo Xing, Lufuno Marwala, and Tshilidzi Marwala 9 The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Higher Education 207 Bryan Edward Penprase NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Yi’En Cheng is a postdoctoral fellow based in the Division of Social Sciences at Yale-NUS College Singapore, teaching in the Urban Studies program. He is an associate at Asian Migration cluster, Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. His research area lies in global education, transnational mobilities, and youth citizenship in Asian cities. His works have been published in Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Antipode, Environment & Planning A, Gender, Place & Culture, and Social & Cultural Geography as well as in edited volumes. Cheng obtained D.Phil. (Oxon) in 2016 and M.Soc.Sci. (NUS) in 2012 in the discipline of human geography. Lorcan Dempsey is VP, Membership and Research, at OCLC (Dublin, Ohio). A librarian who has worked for library and educational organiza- tions in Ireland, the UK, and the USA, he writes and presents regularly about libraries and their development.
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