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League of Nations LEAGUE OF NATIONS Communicated to the C .349.1935.1. Members of the Council. Geneva, September 11th, 1935, PROTECTION OF MINORITIES IN GREECE. Petition from Certain Members of the Albanian Minority in Greece, and Observations of the Greek Government. See also Documents C.528.1934.I, C .81, and C .152.1935.1.) Note by the Secretary-General On April 2nd, 1935, the Secretary-General dornmu- nicated to the Greek Government, for any observations it might desire to make, a letter dated Paramythia, December 10th, 1934, which reached the Secretariat on March 23rd, 1935, from certain members of the Albanian minority in Greece, relating to the situation of that minority. On April 8 th, 1935, the Secretary-General also communicated to the Greek Government, for observations, the text of a petition, with three annexes, communicated by the Permanent Albanian Delegation accredited to the League of Nations, on March 31st, 1935, relating to the same question. In conformity with the procedure in force, the last-named documents were communicated at the same time to Members of the Council, for information, by document C .152.1935.I . After having obtained the consent of the President in Office of the Council to the extension of the regular time­ limit for submitting its observations, the Greek Government forwarded the latter to the Secretariat, by a letter from its permanent delegate accredited to the League of Nations, received on September 5th. These observations, accompanied by five annexes, relate to the petition dated Paramythia, December 10th, 1934, and the petition communicated by the permanent Albanian delegate on March 31st, 1935. The Secretary-General has the honour to communicate to the Members of the Council, for information, the text of the "■foresaid petition of December 10th, 1934. and that of the UrQek Government's observations together with their last four annexes tiinex I, consisting of a photograph, nas been deposited in the archives of the Secretariat, where it is at the disposal of Members of the Council. » 1 - Io~ PETITION DE Li, MINORITE ALBANAISE EN GREGE. Monsieur le Secrétaire général, Los soussignés habitants de la Tchômerie? pays situé entre la frontière d ’Albanie, au nord, et le fleuve du Eanar au sud5 entre la vallée de Janina, à l'est, et la mer ionienne, à lfouest., appartenant à la minorité albanaise de la Grèce, ont 1 ‘honneur d fattirer la bienveillante attention de Votre Excel­ lence sur les faits exposés ci-dessous s Ainsi cu? il est à la connaissance de Votre Excellence, la population habitant le territoire susmentionné a pour langue maternelle 1 5albanais. Cette minorité albanaise aurait donc, en base des engagements concernant la protection des minorités en Grèce j. signée à Sèvres f le 19 août I.92O, pris par ce pays, le droit de jouir non seulement des mêmes droits que la majo­ rité grecque, mais a aussi reçu la promesse formelle pour la sauvegarde de certains droits concernant les minorités et spécialement 1 *enseignement de sa langue maternelle « Or, depuis 1 ’occupation grecque en IQI3 , le Gouver­ nement hellénique paraît- avoir eu le but de faire disparaître 1 félément albanais et sa langue en Tchômerie. Et dans cette intention, il n ’a jamais manqué de saisir 1 ’occasion pour nous persécuter ; tout d * abord, par des moyens violents,, aptes à nous obliger de quitter notre patrie, puis par 1 !application de la réforme agraire d ’ une façon arbitraire; et à la fin, en nous refusant nos droits dérivant du Traité susmentionné pour 1 5enseignement de notre langue maternelle à nos enfants» Vu ceci, nous avons pensé devoir nous adresser à 1?Aéropage de la Société des Notions pour la prier de vouloir bien nous aider à faire valoir no s droits minoritaires qui sont réellement en dangerP Ainsi qu’il sera exposé dans notre demande pour 1 ’in­ tervention de la Société dos Nations en notre faveur » notre recours à celle-ci n ’est pas dicté par des raisons d ’idéologie, mais par la nécessité urgente de voir assurer à toute une popu­ lation de 3 5 ,0 0 0 âmes son existence ethnique et la possibilité de sa vie matérielle„ Le Gouvernement hellénique entretient dans presque tous les villages de la Tchomerie des écoles primaires, dans la ville de Filât et de Paramithi des gymnases et une école normale de jeunes filles» Dans toutès ces écoles les enfants d ’une population purement albanaise viennent d'être instruits seulement dans la langue grecque et sans qu’on leur permette même 1 ’instruction religieuse dans la langue maternelle. Pour prouver notre affirmation, il suffit de citer 1 !exemple d ’une école religieuse et privée que la population de Eilat avait eu 1 T autorisation d ’ouvrir, en 1 9 2 9 , et de maintenir à ses propres frais„ Quelques semaines après 1 ’ouver­ ture de cette école, les autorités grecques s ’étant aperçues que 1 ’instruction religieuse était donnée en albanais fermèrent cette école, fréquentée en très grande partie par les jeunes filles de la ville et obligèrent celles-ci de se rendre sous peine d’amende, en cas de refus, aux écoles gouvernementales grecqueso - 2 - Un autre exemple caractérise la méthode de déaa. tionalisation poursuivie par les autorités scolaires - Il est sévèrement interdit d :introduire en Tchamerie des li­ vres ou des journaux albanais, L ’article 7 du Traité susmentionné concernant la protection des minorités en Grèce prévoit : a) Un système électoral tenant compte des droits do représentation des minorités ethniques; b) Que la différence de la religion ou de la natio­ nalité ne devra nuire à aucun ressortissant grec. an ce qui concerne son admission aux emplois publics; c) qu'aucune restriction ne sera permise contre le libre usage d'une langue quelconque dans lea relations pri­ vées ou officielles, orales ou par écrit, aux ressortissants grecs de langue autre que le grec ; d) Les articles 8 et 9 du même Traité contiennent les obligations que la Grèce a prises pour assurer le droit de 1 1 enseignement de la langue des minorités; e) et enfin, 1 ’article 3 prévoit, non seulement la libre possession de la propriété à la minorité, mais impose à la Grèce aussi le devoir de permettre la possession des propriétés immobilières même à ceux qui ont exercé le droit d* adopt:.on pour une autre nationalité » En dépit de tous ces engagements, nous avons 1 'hon­ neur de vous déclarer5 Monsieur le Secrétaire général, que le Gouvernement hellénique : a) n 1’a jamais. malgré les 35-000 habitants albanais, nombre qui aurait pu leur donner le droit d ’élire plusieurs députés? permis que des représentants de cette minorité soient envoyés à la Chambre législative hellénique; b) qu’il n !a jamais admis qu1 un Tcham albanais pren­ ne part a la vie publique, qu'il soit nommé fonctionnaire, ou au moins gendarme ou garde champêtre; c) qu’il n ’a jamais toléré que 1 1 élément albanais ait des écoles dans sa propre langue et les autorités hellé­ niques poussent leur intransigeance au point de ne pas admet­ tre 1 sintroduction de publications quelconques en langue alba­ naise et de ne pas permettre même à ceux qui ne connaissent aucun mot de groc de porter plainte devant la gendarmerie dans leur propre langue » Il est du reste facile de constater ; d) que jamais les autorités scolaires grecques n'ont permis 1 1 existence d'une école albanaise et que jamais dans les écoles gouvernementales l ’albanais n ’a été enseigné; e ) Pour conclure notre exposé? nous nous sentons en devoir de relover que la réforme agraire prévoyait, par son article 99, une part intangible de la propriété qui comprenait 30 hectares de terre, des jardins, des oliviers, des forêts et des prairies qui devaient être laissés au propriétaire en plei­ ne et libre possession. Malgré ceci, les autorités de la Réfor­ me agraire ont procédé à Parmith i , par exemple, à la confis­ cation pure et simple de toutes les terres et propriétés appartenant aux Albanais» Entre Goumenitza et Shalezi P elles ont installé 150 maisons d 1 émigrés dans le village nouvellement créé et dénom­ mé "Silifia" en enlevant toutes les propriétés nécessaires à cette nouvelle population simplement aux deux villages albanais» - 3 - Ce petit aperçu suffit pour prouver que le but des autorités helléniques est de déraciner, de détruire et de dé­ nationaliser l ’élément albanais de la Tchatnerie. Et pour confirmer nos affirmations, il est utile de relever que les autorités grecques refusent à plus de 300 Te liâmes vivant à l'étranger le retour dans leur pays natal et la possession de leurs terres, malgré qu’ils aient encore au­ jourd’hui leurs .familles en Tchatnerie j et -ceci parce qu’ils sont considérés comme échangeables. Il suffit pour prouver le contraire de dire que la plupart de ces personnes ont payé aux autorités consulaires grecques la taxe prévue par la loi pour le non accomplissement au service militaire en Grèce et que ces mêmes autorités,tout en encaissant ces sommes, refusent aujourd’hui de leur accorder un passeport hellénique qui leur permettrait de rentrer dans leurs foyers. Ceci démontre clairement le but des autorités helléniques de les forcer de retirer leurs familles de la Tcbamerie et de renoncer à leur avoir. Mais, pour les Tchames habitant leur patrie la situation n’est pas moins difficile, car il leur est défendu de disposer des misérables propriétés qu’on leur a laissées sans avoir préalable­ ment et pour chaque cas confirmé, auprès d ’un bureau spécial du Ministère do l ’Agriculture, à Athènes, qu’ils ne sont pas échan­ geables et que la propriété dont ils veulent disposer appartient réellement à eux.
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