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Translation. the Council. LU.'JUS of NATIONS » Kichakgs 0 Translation. LU.'JUS OF NATIONS » 0.765. 1925,1. Communicated to the Council. GENEVA, Deoeniber 9th, 1925. KiCHAKGS 0? POPULATIONS B3TÏÏB3N C-RSSCR AND TURISY. ( 1 ) MOSLEMS 0? ALBANIAN ORIGIN IN GR33C3. Commun is at ion frotn the Albanian Go verraient. Note by the,. Secretary-General. At the request of LL Mehdi Frasheri, the Albanian delegate, the Jeoretary^General has the honour to circulate to the Council a letter of December 7th, 1925, forwarding a memorandum dated December 4th, 1925, with 11 annexes, and relating to the position of Moslems of Albanian origin in Greece. 1) 3ee documents; C.695.Mr250.192531 C.700. M. 253.1925c! C.713.M.252.1925.I C.729.M. 263.1925.1 -2 - Translation. a:Sf3VÂ, December 7 th , 1925. To the Scoretary-General. S ir, The League of Eations has on several occasions discussed the question of native Albanians living in Greece and orthodox Albanians established in Turkey. As the result of representations made by the Albanian delegation at the Conference of Lausanne, the Turkish and Greek delegates declared that they did not intend to subject Albanians to compulsory exchange. The Turkish Republic kept its promise, but the Greek Government, in spite of its solemn declarations, in spite of the presence of neutral members on the Commissions and Sub-Commissions} in spite of mandatories appointed by the League of nations and in spite of the appoint­ ment of an Albanian interpreter on these Commissions, employed all conceivable means to evade its obligations, and in June of last year, after cruel treatment of all the Moslem Albanians in Greece ever since 1923, sentencing them to loss of all civil rights, a penalty long obsolete and buried in the history of the middle ages, drove out the Albanian population from 32 villages in the districts of Fiorina and Castoria in Macedonia; i t has now in f lic te d the same fa te upon the Moslem Albanians in the province of Chamuria, The Albanians of Macedonia, wrongfully deported to Asia Minor, lost half their families as the result of hardship, and others have returned to free Albania, as living skeletons. The Albanian Government did its utmost to persuade the Greek Government to observe its obligations, but in vain. In view of the urgency of the situation, the Albanian Government /was was obliged to declare to the Greek representative at Tirana that, ii' these methods of settling Albanian refugees continued, it would be compelled against its will to adopt the same measures towards Greeks in Albania. The Greek representative was instructed by his Government to notify the Government of Tirana that, should this happen, the Greek Government would ta Ice suitable measures. We are therefore faoed with the refusal of the Greek Government to fulfil a solenln undertaking, and we stand on the threshold of a conflict between two neighbouring Governments. A detailed memorandum on this question addressed to the President of the Council is enclosed herewith. Accordingly, I will request you to forward these documents to the Council of the League. (Signed) M3HDI FRASK3RI. Delegate for Albania 3 ~ 4 ~ Geneva, Decembor 4 th , 1 9 E5. Translation^ To the president of the Council. Sir, last year, in the presence of this iame Gounoil. M» Politis, the Greek delegate, with his characteristic subtlety, spoke the following words;- "The Romans were a serious and p ra c tic a l people; they devised a method of saving official time "by punishing rash advocates, The League of Nations ha?-= net yet reached this refinement of organisation; "but the Gounoil of the League of Rations is no less wise than the p.oma:a people, and 1 am confident that it will not encourage unwarrantable interventions wJiioh, so far from c o n trib u tin g to the good understanding bs'cween neighbouring countries, will be more likely to threaten its existence , 11 If the League of rations has not reached the degree of refinement desired by the Greek delegate, it has on the other hand ono greater virtue, namely, that of estimating huaisn life at i t s true value and tre a tin g peoples on a fo otin g of eq u ality . Before I make my statement, I should like to tender my thanks to the Members of the League of Nations and the honourable Rapporteur, Ris Excellency M. Quinones de Leon, I regret, however - and I must apologise for this - to have to draw the Council's attention once again to this quest ion = Albania is a small country and it is desirable that the small nations should speak as little as possible. I assure you I am content that this should be so, but unfortunately v/o are compelled to speak and, as you will see, the question is the same as that to which we have been compelled to revert for two years in succession. I t is a question, Gentlemen, of Albanians o f Moslem f a ith living in Greece, particularly in the districts annexed since 1912 » -5 - These inhabitants form an autoohthonous population which has lived in those parts since time immemorial, and after the Turko-Balkan war, these people, who numbered about 90,000 in Macedonia and Epirus, accepted the new situation and only asked that they might live in peace as Greek subjects, and that their rig h ts as human beings should be respected . They were a very hard-working and peaceable folk and their villages were considered the most prosperous in all Macedonia and Epirus. Then came the war between ïurkey and Greece in Asia Minor. The Turks drove the Greeks from Anatolia, and it was agreed at the Lausanne Conference that a compulsory exchange should be effected between Greece and Turlcey, At the req u est of the Albanian delegate - I myself had the honour to be that delegate e it was agreed between Greece and Turkey that the Moslem Albanians in Greece and the Orthodox Albanians in Turkey should be exempted from th is■exchange (See Annex 1). I may remind you, gentlemen, that the exchange of popula­ tions had been accepted as the result of a x?ar between two countries - Greece and Turkey, and there was no reason why a people not concerned in the dispute, viz., the Albanians, should be involved in the calamities of deportation. We are now living in the 2 0 th century, and religion should not be confused with race, as was the case in the Middle Ages. : N evertheless, as Albania req u ired a somewhat g reater measure of security, she also applied to the League of Bâtions asking it to guarantee the observation of the stipulations of Lausanne in so far as concerned the Albanian element. Subsequent to the statement made a t the Conference of Lausanne, we have in our possession a l e t t e r which M. Venizelos wïbte to the League of Nations on August 6 th , 192*3, and in which he confirms the undertaking given by Greece at Lausanne (See Annex S). A few days later, on \ieptembor 3rd, 1925, the Greek Legation in Albania forwarded to the Go verm ion t at Tirera a letter Ho. 611 onoe again cpnfirming what had been la id down at Lausanne and repeated by.!,;. Venizolos. (nee Annex 3 ). On December 17th, 1923, EiJ Excellency LI. Caclamanos formally assured the Council that Greece v/as determined to respect her engagements and not to drive l.lo ;lem Albanians from their country end their homes. The matter seemed quite settled and the dang^ r removed. Let us nov: see how the Greek au th orities prooeoded to respect their engagements. Before the beginning of 1924 a Commission consistin g of official s from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Athens visited Macedonia and Epirus. This Commission declared o f f ic ia lly - and Greek newspapers reproduced the statement with delight - that in a ll Epirus there wore only nine fam ilies who were exempt from compulsory exchange, because - the Commission declared - Greece had only undertaken to respect Albanians who were natives of independent Albania. All the others were liable to deportation and to the confiscation of their property. As for Albanians in Macedonia, the Commission declared o f f ic ia lly that they must a ll be driven out and their good3 confiscated on the grounds that th< statements made and promises given referred exclusively to Albanians in Epirus and in no way to those in Macedonia, even if they came from the territory Qi' > independent Albania. In view of this situation, A lbania, az well as the parties concerned, made representations to the neutral members of the Mixed Commission, which was to supervise the execution of the - 7 - provisions relating to exchange. The Mixed Commission enjoyed very high authority on account of the three neutral members who had been recommended by the League of Nations. I am not going to make any complaints against the numbers of that Commission. It is common knowledge that Commissions are composed mainly of courteous and agreeable persons whose business i t is to settle questions with a minimum of friction and ill-feeling. ... Russian diplomat said with humour and tru th that chan­ cellories had no desire to create questions but sought above all to settle those which were still pending. In accordance with this principle the first duty of the Mixed Commission vjgs to solve the question of exchange between the parties concerned, and, Gentlemen, these parties we re Greece and Turkey, two countries which had been at war and the roar of whose guns had disturbed the peace of the world.
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