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ABC800-Manual-BASIC-II.Pdf
Preface This manual describes the BASIC II programming language of ABC 800. The reader should have programming experience, since the manual is not meant to be a BASIC textbook. Chapter 1 introduces the BASIC programming language. Chapter 2 deals with the structure of BASIC II computer programs. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 describe the data that can be processed by a program. Chapter 6 describes how to operate BASIC II. This chapter contains plenty of advice and tips on how to type and edit a program Chapter 7 deals with the direct usage of instructions and commands, without any program. This method is particularely useful when a program is being debugged. Chapters 8, 9, and 1a contain detailed descriptions of all commands, functions, and instructions that are part of BASIC II. Most of the descriptions are completed by examples which show the structure of each program part. Chapters 11 and 12 deal with the ABC 800 graphics. Both the TELETEXTgraphics and the high resolution graphics with animation mode are described. Chapter 13 describes the use of the function keys. Chapter 14 describes the differences between ABC 800 and ABC 80. Chapter 15 contains a list of error messages with comments. Chapter 16, marked with grey edges, contains short descriptions of all instructions, functions, and commands arranged in alphabetical order.The list in chapter 16 is meant for use as an index register, where the syntax can be found together with references to the detailed descriptions earlier in the manual (chapters 8, 9, and 10). Chapter 17 is a list of literature references and chapter 18 contains a number of appendices. -
A Technology Assessment of Personal Computers. Vol. III: Personal Computer Impacts and Policy Issues
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 202 454 IR 009 300 AUTHOR Nilles, Jack M.; And Others TITLE A Technology Assessment of Personal Computers. Vol. III: Personal Computer Impacts and Policy Issues. INSTITUTION University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Office of Interdisciplinary Program Development. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. DEPORT NO OIP/PCTA-80-3/3 PUB DATE Sep BO GRANT PRA-78-05647 NOTE 342p.; For related documents, see IR 909 298-300. Some small print marginally legible. EDRS PRICE MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Education; Employment; *Microcomputers; Prediction; *Public Policy; Questionnaires IDENTIFIERS *Delphi Technique; International Trade; *Technology Assessment ABSTRACT A technology assessment of personal computers was conducted to study both the socially desirable and undesirable impacts of this new technology in three main areas: education, employment, and international trade. Information gleaned from this study was then used to generate suggestions for public policy options which could influence these impacts. Four primary methods were used to develop the information for the policy analysis stages of the assessment:(1) search and analysis of the relevant literature, (2) development of a series of scenarios of alternative futures, (3) performance of two Delphi surveys and a cross-impact analysis based on these scenarios, and (4) interviews and/or surveys of the potentially affected stakeholders and decision makers. Tables of data are included as well as a list of references. Appendices include Delphi questionnaires with summaries of findings and an employment questionnaire used in the study. (LLS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. -
Hungary: Computers Behind the Iron Curtain Written by Gábor Képes
Hungary: Computers behind the Iron Curtain Written by Gábor Képes After the 1956 Revolution,in People’s Republic of Hungary Stalinist dictatorship was followed by a political system that was ready for consolidation and opened towards the West. For this reason Hungary was sometimes called the ’happiest barracks of the Soviet camp’. Hungarian computer technology was both connected to the initiatives of the Eastern bloc countries, and also hurriedly following the West at the same time. By 1989 there were approximately 100,000 computers working in the country, and its computer technology was typically colourful and full of unique solutions. Gábor Képes is 1. Heyday of Cybernetics in Hungary Head of the De- partment of Every modern digital computer in the world is set up on the Technological principles (principle of the stored program) described by the Museology. Since Hungarian-born American mathematician, John von Neumann 2004 he has been (1903-1957). Neumann made his own concept available for the a curator of the whole world.The history of modern computer science started in computer science the 1940s and 50s - while the Second World War was ending the collection of the Hungarian Mu- World War II and the Cold War was starting. Computer research seum for Science and Technol- began in the Soviet bloc as well, although in the era of Stalinism ogy, and then from 2009 in the cybernetics was considered a “dangerous civil pseudoscience”. successor institute: Hungarian This point of view slowly changed starting in the second half of Museum for Science, Technology the 50’s. and Transport. -
Hungarian Scientists in Information Technology Gyözö Kovács
Hungarian Scientists in Information Technology Gyözö Kovács To cite this version: Gyözö Kovács. Hungarian Scientists in Information Technology. Arthur Tatnall. Reflections on the History of Computing : Preserving Memories and Sharing Stories, AICT-387, Springer, pp.289-319, 2012, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (SURVEY), 10.1007/978-3-642- 33899-1_18. hal-01526814 HAL Id: hal-01526814 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01526814 Submitted on 23 May 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Hungarian Scientists in Information Technology Dr. hc. Győző Kovács John von Neumann Computer Society, Hungary Abstract: Studying Information Technology, the History of Science and Technology was very rich in Hungarian talents; those who designed ‘clever’ machines at the very early times of calculators. These calculators are the ancestors of the present-time ones that were called later on, in the 20th century, computers. The computer historians may agree or disagree, but I think the first real-life, early ‘calculator-like’ machine was developed by Farkas Kempelen in the 18th century. It was a real output device, a talking machine. -
A History of the Amiga by Jeremy Reimer
A history of the Amiga By Jeremy Reimer 1 part 1: Genesis 3 part 2: The birth of Amiga 13 part 3: The first prototype 19 part 4: Enter Commodore 27 part 5: Postlaunch blues 39 part 6: Stopping the bleeding 48 part 7: Game on! 60 Shadow of the 16-bit Beast 71 2 A history of the Amiga, part 1: Genesis By Jeremy Reimer Prologue: the last day April 24, 1994 The flag was flying at half-mast when Dave Haynie drove up to the headquarters of Commodore International for what would be the last time. Dave had worked for Commodore at its West Chester, Pennsylvania, headquarters for eleven years as a hardware engineer. His job was to work on advanced products, like the revolutionary AAA chipset that would have again made the Amiga computer the fastest and most powerful multimedia machine available. But AAA, like most of the projects underway at Commodore, had been canceled in a series of cost-cutting measures, the most recent of which had reduced the staff of over one thousand people at the factory to less than thirty. "Bringing your camera on the last day, eh Dave?" the receptionist asked in a resigned voice."Yeah, well, they can't yell at me for spreading secrets any more, can they?" he replied. Dave took his camera on a tour of the factory, his low voice echoing through the empty hallways. "I just thought about it this morning," he said, referring to his idea to film the last moments of the company for which he had given so much of his life. -
The Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore
C H A P T E R 1199 TThhee SSaavviioorr ooff CCoommmmooddoorree 11998822 -- 11998855 ommodore failed to capitalize on the unmatched success of the C64, which was a games market. The C128 had virtually no game C development and did not transition C64 users into more powerful computers. It was time for Commodore to enter the 16-bit market. Jay Miner he man who originated the idea for Commodore’s next generation Thardware did not work for Commodore. In fact, he was working for Commodore’s nemesis, Atari, when he conceived of the revolutionary new computer. Jay Glenn Miner was born May 31, 1932 in Prescott, Arizona. This made him part of Chuck Peddle and Jack Tramiel’s generation, rather than the generation that had created Commodore’s most recent hits. A few years after his birth, Miner’s family moved to Southern California. After graduating high school, he signed up for the Coast Guard, which took him to Groton, Connecticut for military training. While there, he met Caroline Poplawski and married her in 1952. Like Tramiel, Miner served in the military during the Korean War. Miner received his first taste of electronics at Groton in the Coast Guard’s Electronics Technician School. After completing the six-month course, he joined the North Atlantic Weather Patrol where he jumped from island to island by boat and helicopter, repairing damaged radar stations and radio installations. With little to distract him, he immersed his young mind in electronics. After serving three years in the barren North Atlantic, Miner enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley in engineering. -
Att Använda GNU/Linux Linus Walleij
Att använda GNU/Linux Linus Walleij ONLINEVERSIONEN - TRYCKNING FÖRBJUDEN Jag har sålt rättigheterna att trycka den här boken till Studentlitter- atur, det betyder att du inte får trycka egna exemplar av boken från detta manuskript. Anledningen till att jag sålt rättigheterna är att jag vill att boken skall få spridning. Det finns mer information om detta för den som vill veta alla överväganden, se: http://www.df.lth.se/~triad/ gnulinux/20040514102823 Någon speciell licens finns inte för boken, inte än i varje fall, så det är vanlig sträng upphovsrätt som gäller. Det går däremot bra att sprida boken vidare i denna elektroniska form. Bokens hemsida: http://www.df.lth.se/~triad/gnulinux/ Innehåll 1 Inledning 3 1.1 Läsanvisning . 4 1.2 Läsarens förkunskaper . 4 1.3 Om formen . 6 1.4 Bäst-före-datum . 7 1.5 Datorvetenskaperna . 7 1.6 Något grundläggande om operativsystem . 8 1.6.1 Konstruktionshierarkier . 11 1.6.2 Operativsystemets hierarkier . 14 1.7 Tack . 16 2 POSIX 19 2.1 Historia . 21 2.2 Mach, MacOS X, GNU/Hurd . 23 2.3 POSIX innehåll . 25 2.3.1 Skal och kommandon . 25 2.3.2 Processer . 33 2.3.3 Demoner . 42 2.3.4 Användare . 44 2.3.5 Filsystemet . 51 2.3.6 Reguljära uttryck . 75 2.3.7 Texteditorer . 78 2.3.8 Datum och tid . 89 2.3.9 Rör, filter och skript . 90 2.3.10 Nätverket . 103 2.3.11 Terminalinloggning . 105 2.3.12 At- batch- och cronjobb . 107 Innehåll 3 De fria mjukvaruprojekten 111 3.1 Ekonomisk förklaring . -
Bulletin No 23 Sommaire
ACONIT Bulletin N°23 (Février-Mars 2006) Le Mot du Trésorier La Mallette Pédagogique Histoire de Commodore et Amiga La Loi de Moore et Etude de Kurtzweil ACONIT Bulletin No 23 Sommaire Le Mot du Vice-Président p3 Le Mot du Trésorier p4-p5 La Vie de l’Association p6 La Mallette Pédagogique p6 à p7 Tramiel, Peddle et Miner: Histoire de Commodore et Amiga P8 à p13 Loi de Moore et Etude Kurtzweil p14 p15 Couverture: Laetitia Giorgino et Emilie Terrasse Détail du calculateur analogique SEA OME 40 2 Février-Mars 2006 Le Mot du Vice-Président Je circulais samedi dernier dans les locaux d’ACONIT, je regardais les machines, les vitrines, les livres, le labo, la salle de consultation… et je me disais : « il y a ici du travail pour 40 personnes ». Ne pensez pas que je me plaignais, j’y voyais au contraire le signe d’un formidable potentiel de développement. Au cours de ces deux dernières années, nous avons établi les contacts avec le Musée des Arts et Métiers, nous avons négocié le protocole d’accord avec les collectivités locales et assuré le changement de locaux. L’association connaît aujourd’hui une (relative) stabilité ;et bénéficie de locaux et d’outils permettant un bon travail. L’association va renouveler son bureau lors de l’AG du 17 mars. La nouvelle équipe va pouvoir développer les activités d’ACONIT, tenir sa place dans le projet natio- nal de sauvegarde du patrimoine scientifique et technique contemporain, travailler avec les universités et centres de recherche grenoblois. Les tâches sont nombreuses, multiples… Venez nous aider, ou travaillez avec nous « en réseau », les NTIC* sont là pour ça ! Avec toute ma confiance dans l’avenir de l’ACONIT… Ph. -
Onetouch 4.6 Scanned Documents
ABC / DTC - NET MANUAL for ABC800 / Facit DTC and ABC80 Copyright (C) 1982 SATTCO AB, SWEDEN Verse 6 I-rAJ 1 983 (A) 9840 LJ Information in this document is subject to change without notice. ABC/DTC-Net MAJ83(A)- 1 83-05-09 RECORD OF CHANGES Date Pages Description 83-05-09 6 -1 PR out on pin 9 on CPU-card 83-05-09 1 1 - 2 Unit shipped with login 'SD' 83-05-09 App.2 Differ. ABC80/ABC800 syst.progr.names - ABC/DTC-NET 0 82-10-31 - CONTENrrs 1. DESCRIPTION - 2. SOFTWARE, DOS VERSION 6.xx 2.1 General, DOS 2.2 Direct disc addressing though DOS 2.3 Direct I/O 2.4 ABC800/Facit DTC and ABC80 compatibility 2.5 New 5 1/4" l,iini-floppy disc structure .. 2.6 New card select code for 8" floppy 3. USER DIRECTORIES, ACCESS PRIVILEGIES .. 3.1 User directories 3.2 Log-in, User, Super-user 3.3 Updating common files .. 4. CENTRAL EXECUTION OF SYSTEM PROGRAMS 5. COMMUNICATION, ABC-NET CABLE 6. CENTRAL UNIT (7028), CONNECTION BOX, RAM-BOARD .. 7. TERMINAL UNITS (7029,7030) 8. PRINTER 8.1 Printer access, Device names PH: and RPR: 8.2 Spooling 8.3 Printer hardware interface 8.3.1 Standard .. 8.3.2 Optional 8.4 Print output format .. 9. ABC/DTC-Net UTILITY SOFTWARE 9.1 COPYLIB,DOSGEN,DISKCHEK,UFD 9. 2 I\~AKEUSER 9.3 LOGIN 9 • 4 RA r~~ 0 PT 9.5 SETSTART,STARTUP 10. INSTALLATION 10.1 Physical connections 10.2 Central system with printer 10.3 Terminal board for ABC800/Facit DTC 10.4 Terminal board for ABC80 10.5 Disc interfaces 1 1. -
Retrocomputer Magazine Atari ST520/ST1040: La Prova Hardware
Jurassic News Atari ST520/ST1040: la prova hardware Commodore Club: Storia dell’Amiga Asymetrix ToolBook Emulare l’Olivetti P101 Cosenza Il linguaggio Insert Coin 2011 BASIC Il racconto: Lassù sulla montagna... Retrocomputing: prestidigitazione Retrocomputer Magazine Anno 7 - Numero 39 - Gennaio 2012 Collophon I dati editoriali della rivista Jurassic News Jurassic News Rivista aperiodica di Retrocomputer Jurassic News Coordinatore editoriale: Tullio Nicolussi [Tn] E’ una fanzine dedicata al retro- Redazione: computing nella più ampia accezione del [email protected] termine. Gli articoli trattano in generale dell’informatica a partire dai primi anni Hanno collaborato a questo numero: Besdelsec [Bs] ‘80 e si spingono fino ...all’altro ieri. Lorenzo [L2] La pubblicazione ha carattere Sonicher [Sn] puramente amatoriale e didattico, tutte Salvatore Macomer [Sm] Lorenzo Paolini [Lp] le informazioni sono tratte da materiale Giovanni [jb72] originale dell’epoca o raccolte su Internet. Antonio Tierno Felice Pescatore Normalmente il materiale originale, anche se “giurassico” in termini Diffusione: informatici, non è privo di restrizioni di La rivista viene diffusa in formato utilizzo, pertanto non sempre è possibile PDF via Internet agli utenti registrati sul sito: riportare per intero articoli, foto, schemi, listati, etc…, che non siano esplicitamente www.jurassicnews.com. liberi da diritti. La registrazione è gratuita e E’ possibile che parti del materiale anonima; si gradisce comunque pubblicato derivi da siti internet che non una registrazione nominativa. sono citati direttamente negli articoli. Contatti: Questo per la difficoltà di attribuzione del [email protected] materiale alla fonte originale; eventuali segnalazioni e relative notifiche sono Copyright: benvenute. I marchi citati sono di copyrights dei rispettivi proprietari. -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman. -
Storia Di Amiga
Storia di Amiga Tratto dal sito Mytobox di Riccardo Valletta, revisione generale e aggiornamento a cura di Gianluca Giusti. Era il 1982, quando tre dottori fondarono con un consistente investimento di sette milioni di dollari la Hi-Toro, società diretta alla produzione di accessori legati alla crescente popolarità del mercato video ludico delle console. I tre intraprendenti soggetti però parallelamente al procedere della loro società, stavano sviluppando una nuova console da gioco a sedici bit, costruita intorno all'allora velocissima CPU Motorola 68000. I dilemmi erano tanti, se seguire una via molto di moda in quegli anni, cioe' di dotare la futura macchina di elementi quali tastiera e possibilità di aggiornamento (chi si ricorda le tante espansioni create in quegli anni per l'intellivision della Mattel sa di cosa parlo) o se rilasciare una semplice console senza tanti fronzoli. In quel momento nessuno avrebbe poi potuto immaginare un capovolgimento di interesse nel campo ludico dalle console ai computer, cosa che avvenne in Europa e negli USA alla meta degli anni ottanta. La progettazione fu affidata a tre grandi dell'epoca, Jay Miner proveniente da Atari, Dave Morse dalla Tonka, nota azienda produttrice di giocattoli e dalla Williams, RJ Mical, quest'ultimo pero' subentro a lavori iniziati ed entrato a far parte del team software insieme a Carl Sassenrath, Dave Needle e Bob Burns. Il progetto venne per molto tempo tenuto segreto, arrivando a dare a i chip custom dei nomi di donna, Agnus, Daphne e Paula. Questi tre chip alleggerivano molto il lavoro della CPU, ma nell'stesso tempo rendevano l'architettura di Amiga abbastanza complessa.