Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Bolbitiaceae 6. Die Conocybe Tenera-Gruppe in Europa, Teil 1

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Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Bolbitiaceae 6. Die Conocybe Tenera-Gruppe in Europa, Teil 1 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 2000 Band/Volume: 9 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hausknecht Anton Artikel/Article: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Bolbitiaceae 6. Die Conocybe tenera- Gruppe in Europa, Teil 1. 73-109 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Osten. Z. Pilzk. 9 (2000) 73 Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Bolbitiaceae 6. Die Conocybe tenera-Gruppe in Europa, Teil 1 ANTON HAUSKNECHT Sonndorferstraße 22 A-3712 Maissau, Österreich Eingelangt am 3. 7. 2000 Key words: Agancales, Bolbitiaceae, Conocybe. - Type studies, species concept, systematics. - My- coflora of Europe. Abstract: Almost all species of Conocybe sect. Conocybe, stirps Tenera are critically evaluated. Type material of European and extra-European taxa is studied. Conocybe aurea var. hololeuca, Conocybe macrocephala var. macrospora and var. nedheimensis are proposed as new, and Conocybe abrupti- bulbosa and Conocybe hehnku are considered synonyms of Conocybe macrocephala. Microscopical drawings of all treated taxa and colour plates of the three new taxa are given. Zusammenfassung: Ein großer Teil der Arten von Conocybe Sektion Conocybe Stirps Tenera wird kritisch bearbeitet. Typusmaterial europäischer und außereuropäischer Taxa wird untersucht. Die neuen Taxa ('onocybe aurea var. hololeuca, Conocybe macrocephala var. macrospora und var. ried- heimensis werden vorgeschlagen, und ('onocybe abruptibulbosa sowie ( onocybe herinku werden als konspezifisch mit Conocybe macrocephala erkannt. Mikrozeichnungen aller behandelten Taxa und Farbabbildungen der drei neuen Taxa werden beigefugt. Viele Arten um Conocybe tenera (SCHAEFF.: FR) FAYOD gehören zu den häufigsten, aber auch am schwierigsten zu bestimmenden Vertretern der Gattung, zusammen vielleicht mit jenen der Conocybe pubescens- und Conocybe sienophylla-Gruppe Ich wollte ursprünglich in dieser Arbeit nicht nur eine kritische Bearbeitung der Stirps Te- nera (WATLING 1982) bringen, sondern auch eine Revision und exakte Abgrenzung aller großspongen Vertreter der Stirps Mesospora anschließen, soweit sich neuere Er- kenntnisse seit der Arbeit von SINGER & HAUSKNECHT (1992) ergeben haben. Da mir dazu bis jetzt aber noch wichtige Belege, u a der Typus von Conocybe qffinis SlN- GER, den ich selber seinerzeit nicht studiert hatte, fehlen, muß ich die Neubearbeitung des Komplexes Conocybe semiglobata-affinis-subalpina auf einen späteren Zeitpunkt verschieben Zu den Ausführungen über die Ammoniakreaktion (HAUSKNECHT 1999: 36) ist eine Ergänzung notwendig, die sich aus der Untersuchung einiger hundert Belege er- geben hat. Unter gewissen Umständen, die bisher unklar sind, kann diese Reaktion bei Herbarmaterial ausbleiben Zumindest in zwei ganz wichtigen Fällen, bei denen auf Grund der Mikrozeichnungen (KÜHNER 1935, WATLING 1980 b) beim Frischmaterial eindeutig eine positive Reaktion gegeben war, ergab die Nachuntersuchung eine ganz schwache, einmal sogar eine negative Reaktion, und zwar bei Arten mit sonst extrem schneller und starker Nadelbildung. Das heißt nun nicht, daß HERREGOODS (1951) mit seiner Behauptung doch Recht hat, diese Reaktion sei kein sicheres Mittel zur Unter- scheidung von Arten, sondern daß man bei Ausbleiben dieser Reaktion die Zugehörig- ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 74 A. HAUSKNECHT: Die Conocybe tenera-Gruppe, Teil 1 keit etwa zu Conocybe tenera oder zu Conocybe macrocephala KÜHN & WATLING nicht sofort kategorisch ausschließen kann. Ein revidierter Schlüssel über die Stirpes Tenera und Mesospora ist im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit vorgesehen. Da die kompilierten Beschreibungen der einzelnen Taxa meist auf mehreren von mir untersuchten Kollektionen basieren und das Artkonzept daher oft wesentlich wei- ter gefaßt ist als auf Grund der Eigenschaften des Typusmaterials geschlossen werden kann, stelle ich meine Beobachtungen an den Typen bzw an authentischem Material in einem eigenen Kapitel voran, wobei auch außereuropäische Taxa, soweit sie den hier behandelten Arten nahestehen, angefügt sind. Untersuchung von Typen bzw. authentischem Material europäischer und außer- europäischer Taxa aus dieser Gruppe Conocybe abruptibulbosa WATLING 1980 b, Notes Roy Bot Gard Edinburgh 38 345 (Abb. 4 a-e) Mikroskopische Merkmale: Sporen : 8,7-10,3 x 4,8-5,8 um, im Mittel 9,3 x 5,3 um, Q = 1,65-2,0, ellipsoidisch, mit ca 1 um breitem Porus und leicht doppelt unterstrichener Wand, nicht lentiform, in KOH hell gelbbräunlich. B a s i d i e n : 4-sporig, 18-24 x 6,5-9 um. Schnallen: vorhanden. NH3-Reaktion: zum Unterschied von der Beobachtung WATLINGs (1980 b: 348) trat eine Nadelbildung erst nach etwa 12 Stunden ein und war fast unbedeutend. Cheilozystiden: lecythiform, 17-22 x 7-11 um, mit 4-6 um großem Köpfchen. Stielbekleidung: aus ziemlich kollabierten, lecythiformen Zystiden und weni- gen nicht-lecythiformen Elementen bestehend, erstere 17,5-22 x 8-13,5 um, mit ma- ximal 6 um breitem Köpfchen; keine Haare beobachtet. Huthaut hymeniform, aus rundlich-gestielten Elementen (35-60 x 15-30 um) bestehend, keine lecythiformen Pileozystiden oder Haare festgestellt. Untersuchte Kollektion: Großbritannien: Schottland, Flora of Midlothian, Cramond, 23. 7. 1961, leg. R. WATLING G 92 (E, Holotypus). Die Ergebnisse meiner mikroskopischen Untersuchung decken sich vollständig mit jenen der Erstbeschreibung (WATLING 1980 b). Wenn man diese mit den Daten des Holotypus von Conocybe macrocephala vergleicht, ergibt sich nur bei der Stielbeklei- dung eine faßbare Abweichung Die Kaulozystiden sind beim Typus von Conocybe abruptibulbosa nämlich kleiner und haben kleinere Köpfe Beim Vergleich aller unter- suchten Aufsammlungen stellt sich jedoch heraus, daß die Größe der Kaulozystiden nicht nur an ein und demselben Fruchtkörper eine sehr große Variabilität aufweisen kann, sondern daß eine nahezu geschlossene Reihe von Kollektionen mit intermediä- ren Werten vorliegt, die keine Korrelation mit anderen Merkmalen oder Merkmals- kombinationen zuläßt Daraus folgt, daß die Stielbekleidung in diesem Fall als Unter- scheidungshilfe nicht brauchbar ist. In manchen Schlüsseln werden die Größe der Fruchtkörper und das Vorhandensein einer Stielknolle zur Abgrenzung herangezogen, wobei man Conocybe abruptibulbosa ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Osten. Z. Pilzk. 9 (2000) 75 größere Fruchtkörper mit stark knolliger Stielbasis zuschreibt Für den Typus letzterer werden von WATLING (1980 b) Hüte von 19-42 mm und Stiele von 36-48 x 2-5 mm angegeben, für Conocybe macrocephala Hüte von 15-35 mm und Stiele von 15-50 x 1,5-3 mm; die Stielbasis bei C. abruptibulbosa soll deutlich, meist nicht gerandet knol- lig sein, bei C. macrocephala (KÜHNER 1935) mit einer gewöhnlich wenig deutlichen (aber bis 4,5 mm!! breiten) Knolle Ich selber habe Aufsammlungen ausgesprochen großer Fruchtkörper mit kaum verdickter Stielbasis vorliegen, und andere eher zarterer Fruchtkörper, die eine deutliche Knolle aufweisen - also auch hier ergibt sich keine Möglichkeit für eine klare Trennlinie. Es bleibt nur der Schluß, die beiden Taxa als konspezifisch zu betrachten. Conocybe aurea (J. SCHÄFFER) HONGO 1963, J. Japan Bot 38: 236 (Abb. 2 a-e) Mikroskopische Merkmale: Sporen: 9,7-11,9 x 6,2-7,2 um, im Mittel 10,8 x 6,7 um, Q = 1,45-1,75, eiförmig- ellipsoidisch, dickwandig mit 1-1,5 um großem Porus, nicht lentiform; in KOH kräftig gelb- bis rostbraun mit roter Wand Basidien: 4-sporig, 20-27 x 8,5-10 um. Schnallen: vorhanden NH3-Reaktion: nach spätestens Vi Stunde starke Bildung langer Kristalle. Cheilozystiden: lecythiform. 19-27 x 7-9,5 um, mit 2,5-4,5 um großem Köpf- chen und relativ schlankem Hals Stielbekleidung: aus lecythiformen Kaulozystiden (ca. 80 %) sowie nicht-le- cythiformen Elementen und Haaren bestehend; erstere 18-28 x 6,5-9 um mit 3-5 (im großem Köpfchen und schlankem, bis 10 um langem Hals; die Haare bis 55 x 3 (Basis bis 8) um. Huthaut: hymeniform aus rundlich-gestielten, 15-35 x 11-20 um großen Ele- menten, dazwischen sehr häufig etwas dickwandige, oft goldgelb gefärbte Pileozysti- den (20-25 x 5,5-6.5 (im, Köpfchen bis 4,5 um). Untersuchte Kollektion: Deutschland: Flora of Germany, (ialera aurea J. SCHÄFFER, Branden- burg Potsdam, Ruinenbeigstiaße 25, \929, leg. i. SCHAFFER (UPS, Neotypus). Der Beleg in UPS besteht zwar nur aus einem ganzen Fruchtkörper, ist aber in sehr gutem Zustand und zeigt die typische, goldgelbe bis goldbräunliche Farbe. Er hat noch etwas rundlichere, kürzere Sporen als viele andere Kollektionen, mit einem Q bis ma- ximal 1,75. Conocybe herinkü SVRCEK 1996, Czech Mycol 48 235 (Abb 5 a-e) Mikroskopische Merkmale: Sporen: 8,5-10,0 x 4,8-5,6 um, im Mittel 9,1 x 5,1 um, Q = 1,55-2,0, ellipsoidisch, mit ca. 1-1,3 um breitem Porus und undeutlich doppelter Wand, nicht lentiform; in KOH hell gelbbräunlich bis orangeocker. Wand gleichfarben. Basidien: 4-sporig, 22-28 x 8-10 um. Schnallen: nicht selten, in der Trama sehr groß NH3-Reaktion: etwas verzögerte, aber sehr reichliche Nadelbildung am Deck- glasrand. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 76 A. HAUSKNECHT: Die Conocybe tenera-Gruppe, Teil 1 Cheilozystiden: lecythiform, 19-26 x 8,5-12 um, mit 4,7-6 um breitem Köpf- chen Stielbekleidung: fast nur aus lecythiformen Kaulozystiden bestehend, diese 18-25 x 9-16 um, mit 3-7 um breitem
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