Materiały Do Poznania Mykobioty Wielkopolski

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Materiały Do Poznania Mykobioty Wielkopolski Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXXI, 1 (2020): 3-83 Błażej Gierczyk, Tomasz Ślusarczyk MATERIAŁY DO POZNANIA MYKOBIOTY WIELKOPOLSKI Contribution to the knowledge of the mycobiota of the Greater Poland ABSTRAKT: Podczas badań oraz eksploracji mykologicznych prowadzonych w Wielkopolsce w latach 2001-2018 odnotowano stanowiska 678 taksonów grzybów wielkoowocnikowych spełniających przynaj- mniej jedno z kryteriów: nowe dla Polski (44), nowe dla Wielkopolski (192), chronione (19), ujęte na czerwonej liście grzybów wielkoowocnikowych (177), obce (3), nieujęte na krajowych listach krytyczych (155), rzadko podawane z Polski (217) lub z Wielkopolski (339). W pracy przedstawiono ich stanowiska wraz z podstawowymi informacjami ekologicznymi (siedlisko, substrat, data obserwacji) oraz uwagami o rozmieszczeniu w Polsce i/lub Wielkopolsce. W wypadku gatunków nowych dla Polski podano krótki opis owocników, sporządzony w oparciu o zebrany materiał. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, grzyby wielkoowocnikowe, różnorodność biologicz- na, gatunki nowe dla kraju i regionu ABSTRACT: During the field-studies and mycological exploration of Greater Poland in years 2001-2018 stands of 678 taxa belonging at least to one of the following categories has been recorded: taxa new for Poland (44), taxa new for Greater Poland (193), protected species (19), red-listed species (177), alien spe- cies (3), taxa not included on Polish checklists of fungi (155), taxa rarely mentioned from Poland (217) or Greater Poland (339). In the present paper, the list of their localities has been presented, together with basic ecological information (habitat, substratum, observation date) and notes on species distribution in Poland or/and in Greater Poland. Taxa new for Poland have been shortly described, basing on collected specimens. KEY WORDS: Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, macrofungi, biodiversity, species new for country or region Wstęp owocników) i braku bazy danych zbierającej rozproszone dane chorologiczne (zawarte Stopień poznania mykobioty Polski, za- w publikacjach i dokumentach niepubliko- równo pod względem bogactwa gatunków, wanych: pracach dyplomowych, operatach jak i ich rozmieszczenia, należy uznać za nie- ochronnych, ocenach oddziaływania na śro- dostateczny, a grzyby zaliczyć można do naj- dowisko, katalogach fungariów etc.). Na tle słabiej rozpoznanych składników bioty kraju reszty kraju Wielkopolskę należy zaliczyć do (patrz wstęp do krytycznej listy wielkoowoc- terenów stosunkowo dobrze rozpoznanych nikowych podstawczaków; Wojewoda 2003). pod względem mykologicznym. Wynika to Przyczyn takiego stanu rzeczy należy upa- z dużej aktywności poznańskiego ośrodka trywać w kilku czynnikach, m.in. niewielkiej akademickiego, którego przedstawiciele od liczbie aktywnych zawodowo mykologów, sła- lat 20. XX wieku prowadzą intensywne ba- bo rozwiniętym ruchu amatorskim, specyfice dania w regionie. Swoich opracowań fungi- biologii grzybów (głównie efemeryczności stycznych doczekały się: Wielkopolski Park 3 Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXXI, 1 (2020) Narodowy (Jesse 1947, Domański 1955, Buja- - (ii) - nowe dla Wielkopolski (nie wymienia- kiewicz i Fiebich 1992, Lisiewska 1961, 2011), ne w literaturze z tego terenu); Park Krajobrazowy im. D. Chłapowskiego - (iii) - chronione (zgodnie z Rozporządze- (Kujawa 2003, 2008, 2009, Kujawa i Kujawa niem z 2014 r.); 2008, Lisiewska i Strakulska 2002), wiele re- - (iv) - ujęte na czerwonej liście grzybów zerwatów (Lisiewska 1966, 2006, Lisiewska wielkoowocnikowych (Wojewoda i Ła- i Bujakiewicz 1976, Bujakiewicz 1992, 1999, wrynowicz 2006); Lisiewska i Połczyńska 1998, Ślusarczyk 2004, - (v) - obce dla bioty Polski (Desprez-Loustau 2007, Lisiewska i Flisiewicz 2006, Lisiewska i 2009, Wojewoda i Karasiński 2010); Król 2007, Bujakiewicz i Springer 2009, Bu- - (vi) - nieujęte na listach krytycznych (ga- jakiewicz i Stefaniak 2009, Stefaniak 2011), tunki stwierdzone w Polsce po raz pierw- ogrodów botanicznych (Lisiewska i Nowac- szy po publikacji list krytycznych; (Woje- ka 1979, Lisiewska i Mikołajczyk 1998, Li- woda 2003, Chmiel 2006, Mułenko et al. siewska 2004, Lisiewska i Galas-Świdurska 2008), a więc na początku XXI w.); 2005), parków (Lisiewska i Ratyńska 1984, - (vii) - skrajnie rzadkie na terenie Polski (po- Lisiewska i Rybak 1990, Lisiewska i Płaczek siadające najwyżej 5 stanowisk stwierdzo- 1993, Bujakiewicz i Kujawa 2000, Stokłosa et nych lub potwierdzonych po 1945 r.); al. 2014), lasów miejskich (Lisiewska i Celka - (viii) - skrajnie rzadkie na terenie Wielko- 1995, Lisiewska i Malinger 2001, Celka 2002), polski (posiadające najwyżej 3 stanowiska etc. Mimo to olbrzymie połacie Wielkopolski stwierdzone lub potwierdzone po 1945 r.). stanowią pod tym względem białe plamy i nie Granice Wielkopolski wyznaczono wzo- były nigdy objęte badaniami mykologicznymi. rując się na pracy Żukowskiego et al. (2001), Z kolei tereny już wcześniej badane skrywają czyli wraz z Ziemią Lubuską i Wzgórzami wiele gatunków pominiętych, przeoczonych Trzebnickimi. Zastosowano kartogram re- lub nieodnotowanych ze względu na biologię gionalny (ryc. 1) według Lisiewskiej i Ma- grzybów, co potwierdzają liczne obserwacje deji (2003). Oznaczenia i granice kwadratów z różnych regionów Polski (np. Kujawa et al. ATPOL przyjęto wg Komsty (2016). Materiał 2018, Gierczyk et al. 2019a). Celem niniejszej oznaczano przy pomocy klasycznych metod pracy było uzupełnienie wiedzy o mykobiocie taksonomii mykologicznej, wykorzystując Wielkopolski. cechy makro- i mikromorfologiczne oraz re- akcje makro- i mikrochemiczne. Obserwacje i pomiary mikroskopowe wykonano wyko- Materiały i metody rzystując mikroskopy optyczne ZSO Biolar, Bresser Bino Researcher i Bresser Science Zaprezentowane dane zostały zebrane TRM 301; pomiary wykonano bezpośrednio, przez autorów na przestrzeni ostatnich 20 lat wykorzystując okular pomiarowy i obiektyw (2001-2018). Niewielka ich część pochodzi z imersyjny ×100. Wymiary elementów mi- regularnych badań, prowadzonych przy oka- kromorfologicznych określono na podstawie zji inwentaryzacji przyrodniczych, większość pomiarów 50 (zarodniki) lub 25 obiektów została zebrana podczas celowych eksploracji (cystydy, podstawki, worki etc.), odrzuca- mykologicznych po Wielkopolsce, jak rów- jąc struktury zniekształcone, niedojrzałe lub nież przy okazji innej aktywności (np. spor- uszkodzone. Obserwacje i pomiary wykony- towej lub turystycznej). Należy podkreślić, że wano w wodzie (preparaty uzyskane ze świe- zbiór danych w terenie miał (poza badania- żych owocników), 10% wodnym roztworze mi inwentaryzacyjnymi) charakter wybitnie amoniaku (preparaty uzyskane z suchego subiektywny, wynikający w szczególności z materiału, obserwacja chryzocystyd) lub profilu zainteresowań autorów. Na liście ujęto 10% wodnym roztworze KOH (obserwacje gatunki (odmiany/formy): systemów strzępkowych grzybów poliporo- - (i) - nowe dla Polski (nie wymieniane w lite- idalnych, reakcje barwne strzępek miąższu raturze z terenu kraju); Thelephorales). Obserwowane i mierzone 4 Gierczyk B., Ślusarczyk T. – Materiały do poznania mykobioty Wielkopolski Ryc. 1. Rozmieszczenie omawianych stanowisk na tle kartogramu ragionalnego Wielkopolski (siatka ATPOL). Fig. 1. Distribution of the localities in Wielkopolska region (ATPOL grid). struktury barwiono czerwienią Kongo (w on land plants (Ellis i Ellis 1997) oraz opraco- 10% wodnym roztworze amoniaku), błęki- wania monograficzne: Agaricus (Galli 2004, tem bawełnianym (w laktofenolu), błękitem Parra 2008, 2013), Amanita (Galli 2001, Kib- krezolowo-brylantowym (roztwór wodny), by 2012), Conocybe i Pholiotina (Hausknecht odczynnikiem Melzera, fuksyną lub sulfowa- 2009), Cortinarius (Kibby et al. 2009, Soop niliną. Jądra komórkowe w zarodnikach wor- 2009, Cadiñanos Aguirre i Gómez Arenaza kowych wybarwiano metodą Giemsy. Przy 2014), Crepidotus (Consiglio i Setti 2008), identyfikacji owocników stosowano następu- Daldinia (Stadler at al. 2014), Entoloma jące klucze i atlasy: Funga Nordica (Knudsen (Noordeloos 1992, 2004), Galerina (Smith i i Vesterholt 2008, 2012), Nordic Macromy- Singer 1964, de Haan i Walleyn 2002, 2006, cetes (Hansen i Knudsen 1992, 1997, 2000), 2009), Hebeloma (Beker et al. 2016), Helvella Flora Agaricina Neerlandica (Bas et al. 1988, (Dissing 1966, Skrede et al. 2017), Hemimy- 1990, 1995, 1999, Noordeloos et al. 2001, cena i Xeromphalina (Antonín i Noordeloos 2005, 2018), Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze in 2004), Hygrophorus i Hygrocybe (Boertmann Europa (Horak 2005), Die Nichtblätterpilze, 1995, Candusso 1997, Galli 2012), Hypocrea Gallertpilze und Bauchpilze (Jülich 1984), (Jaklitsch 2009, 2011), Inocybe (Kuyper 1986, Fungi of Switzerland (Breitenbach i Krän- Stangl 2011), Lactarius (Heilmann-Clausen zlin 1984, 1986, 1991, 1995, 2000, Kränzlin et al. 1998, Basso 1999), Nectria (Hirooka et 2005), Pilzkompendium (Ludwig 2000, 2001, al. 2012) Peziza (Hohmeyer 1986), Mycena 2007a,b, 2012a,b, 2017a,b) oraz Microfungi (Robich 2005, 2016, Aronsen i Læssøe 2016), 5 Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXXI, 1 (2020) Ramaria (Christan 2008), Scutellinia (Schu- gatunkowej; [numer ATPOL] lokalizacja macher 1990), Tricholoma (Riva 1988, 2003, (w wypadku miejscowości będących siedzi- Christensen i Heilmann-Clausen 2013), Bo- bą gminy pominięto informacje o gminie, letales (Lannoy i Estades 1995, Ladurner i w której znajduje się stanowisko; odległości Simonini 2003, Mikšík 2017), Strophariaceae podano w odniesieniu do centrum miejsco- (Holec 2001, Noordeloos 2011), grzyby poly- wości); data/daty obserwacji w układzie mm/ poroidalne (Bernicchia 2005, Ryvarden et al. rrrr;
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