Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Puccinia Arachidis Speg

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Puccinia arachidis Speg. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Pucciniales Compiled by CABI in association with EPPO www.cabi.org/dmpd Hosts: groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Map No. 160 Edition 7 Issued April 2012

Present: national record Present: subnational record CABI/EPPO (2012) Puccinia arachidis. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 160. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK.

ISSN 0012-396X ©CAB International 2012 CABI is a trading name of CAB International April 2012 Puccinia arachidis Map No. 160 (Edition 7)

Note: See CM! Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 53.

Records are based on bibliographic data from the CAB ABSTRACTS database, specimens in the IMI fungus collection and plant quarantine information compiled by EPPO X: Present, no details A: Present: widespread B: Present, restricted distribution C: Present, few occurrences (D): Absent, formerly present (E): Eradicated (F): Intercepted only

ASIA Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Bangladesh X Hossain, M. D.; Ali, M. M. H. (1991) Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology 7 (1-2), 33-34. Jiangsu X Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes Hossain, M. D.; Rahman, M. Z. (2007) Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology 23 (1/2), 85-88. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. [Gazipur.] Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Jiangxi A Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Brunei X Gibson, I. A. S.; Waller, J. M. (1972) PANS 18 (3), 336-337. 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Darussalam Liaoning X Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Peregrine, W. T. H. (1971) PANS 17 (3), 318-319. 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. IMI (1971). Shandong X Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes China X Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. [South.] 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Zhuang, J. Y. (ed) (2003) Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 19. Uredinales (II). Science Press, Sichuan A Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes Beijing, China, 324 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 485 Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Anhui A Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes Yunnan X Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Zhejiang A Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Fujian A Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September India A Ghewande, M. P. (1990) Journal of Oilseeds Research 7 (1), 78-97. 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Ghewande, M. P.; Reddy, P. S. (1986) Pesticides 20 (5), 57-61. Zhuang, J. Y. (1983) Acta Mycologica Sinica 2, 146-158. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Kadam, R. M.; Reddy, N. J. M.; Jadhav, B. S.; Nagpurne, V. S. (2008) International Journal of Plant Protection 1 (2), 63-65. Guangdong X Yeh, W. L. (1988) Bacterial Wilt Newsletter, ACIAR 3, 4. Pande, A.; Rao, V. G. (1998) A Compendium of Fungi on Legumes from India. Scientific Publishers, Zheng, G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, Jodhpur, India, 188 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 107-108. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Andhra Pradesh X Gopal, K.; Ahamed, S. K.; Babu, G. P. (2006) Legume Research 29 (4), 292-294. [Jagtial.] Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Johnson, M.; Subramanyam, K. (2003) Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 11 (2), 395-397. [Anantapur.] Guangxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Pande, S.; Rao, J. N. (2000) International Arachis Newsletter 20, 42-44. Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Sharma, H. C.; Pampapathy, G.; Dwivedi, S. L.; Reddy, L. J. (2003) Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (6), 1886-1897. Guizhou X Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Assam X Goswami, R. N. (1979) Indian Phytopathology 27 (2), 238. Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Hazarika, D. K.; Dubey, L. N.; Das, K. K. (2000) Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 30 (1), 27- 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. 30. Hebei X Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September IMI (1972) [Jalukbari]. 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Bihar X Singh, G. P. (1978) Indian Phytopathology 31 (3), 357-358. [First record.] Hubei A Chen, C. Y.; Duan, N. X.; Li, W. R. (1981) Chinese Oil Crops 1, 48-50. Subrahmanyam, P.; Reddy, D. V. R.; Gibbons, R. W.; Rao, V. R.; Garren, K. H. (1979) PANS 25 (1), Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes 25-29. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. IMI (1993) [Patna]. Zhou, L. G. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Gujarat X Jadeja, K. B.; Nandolia, D. M.; Dhruj, I. U.; Khandar, R. R. (1999) Indian Phytopathology 52 (4), 421- 1984, 103-106. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. 422. [Junagadh.] Hunan A Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes Mayee, C. D. (1982) Indian Botanical Reporter 1 (2), 75-83. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Patel, V. A.; Vaishnav, M. U. (1987) Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal 12 (2), 52-53. Patel, V. A.; Vaishnav, M. U. (1989) Journal of Oilseeds Research 6 (2), 373-374.

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Karnataka X Gururaj, S.; Srikant, K. (2006) Indian Phytopathology 59 (1), 56-61. [Raichur.] Java X Kasno, A.; Nugrahaeni, N.; Purnomo, J. (1996) International Arachis Newsletter 16, 25-26. [Muneng Gururaj, S.; Srikant, K. (2007) Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20 (2), 297-300. [North.] Experiment Station.] Gururaj, S.; Srikant, K.; Benagi, V. I.; Kenchanagoudar, P. V. (2006) Karnataka Journal of Nasir, S.; Baliadi, Y.; Nugrahaeni, N. (1998) International Arachis Newsletter 18, 23-24. [Research Agricultural Sciences 19 (3), 553-557. [Northeast.] Institute for Legumes and Tuber Crops, Malang.] Gururaj, S.; Srikant, K.; Benagi, V. I.; Suhas, Y. (2010) Journal of Oilseeds Research 27 (2), 147- Saleh, N.; Trustinah (1996) International Arachis Newsletter 16, 15-17. [Jambegede Experiment 150. [North.] Station, Malang.] Kerala A Subrahmanyam, P.; Reddy, D. V. R.; Gibbons, R. W.; Rao, V. R.; Garren, K. H. (1979) PANS 25 (1), Taufiq, A.; Rahmianna, A. A.; Hardaningsih, S.; Rozi, F. (2007) Journal of SAT Agricultural 25-29. Research 5 (1), 1-3. [Tuban District.] Madhya Pradesh A Khosla, H. K.; Puranik, K. K.; Nema, K. G. (1974) JNKVV Research Journal 8 (3/4), 292. [Indore. Kalimantan X Bromfield, K. R. (1974) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 22 (2), 29-31. First record.] Sumatra X Bromfield, K. R. (1974) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 22 (2), 29-31. Subrahmanyam, P.; Reddy, D. V. R.; Gibbons, R. W.; Rao, V. R.; Garren, K. H. (1979) PANS 25 (1), Israel X NPPO (2009) Israel Pest List. NPPO, Israel. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/10916260/ISRAEL- 25-29. PEST-LIST. IMI (1976). Japan A Gibson, I. A. S.; Waller, J. M. (1972) PANS 18 (3), 336-337. Maharashtra X Deshmukh, M. P.; Shambharkar, D. A.; Patil, T. R.; Patil, R. B.; Kurundkar, B. P. (2009) Journal of Hiratsuka, N.; Sato, S.; Katsuya, K.; Kakishima, M.; Hiratsuka, Y.; Kaneko, S.; Ono, Y.; Sato, T.; Plant Disease Sciences 4 (2), 156-159. [Jalgaon, Digraj, Gadhinglaj, Kopergaon, Karad and Rahuri.] Harada, Y.; Hiratsuka, T.; Nakayama, K. (1992) The Rust Flora of Japan. Tsukuba Shuppankai, Galgunde, L. P.; Kurundkar, B. P. (2002) Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities 27 (1), Takezono, Ibaraki, Japan, 1205 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 113. [Parbhani.] Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Narayana, L.; Raut, S. P.; Gadre, U. A. (2006) Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 14 (1), 173-176. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. [Dapoli, Konkan.] Korea Dem. A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Tirmali, A. M.; Pawar, D. R. (2001) Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities 25 (3), 308. People's Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. [Konkan Region.] Republic Manipur A Subrahmanyam, P.; Reddy, D. V. R.; Gibbons, R. W.; Rao, V. R.; Garren, K. H. (1979) PANS 25 (1), Korea Republic - A Cho, W. D.; Shin, H. D. (eds) (2004) List of plant diseases in Korea. Fourth edition. Korean Society 25-29. of Plant Pathology, Suwon, Korea Republic, 779 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1983). Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Nagaland X Singh, B. (1993) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 23 (3), 305-306. Malaysia B Gibson, I. A. S.; Waller, J. M. (1972) PANS 18 (3), 336-337. Orissa X Behera, B.; Roul, P. K. (1995) Annals of Agricultural Research 16 (1), 28-32. [Ranital.] Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Punjab X Sokhi, S. S.; Jhooty, J. S. (1986) Indian Phytopathology 39 (3), 441-443. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Subrahmanyam, P.; Reddy, D. V. R.; Gibbons, R. W.; Rao, V. R.; Garren, K. H. (1979) PANS 25 (1), Tiong-Kheng, K. (1976) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 24 (1) 30. 25-29. Yen, J. M. (1973) Bulletin de la Societe Mycologique de France 89, 325-335. [Source: http://nt.ars- Tamil Nadu X Gowdu, B. J.; Balasubramanian, R. (1993) Canadian Journal of Botany 71 (4), 639-643. [Madras.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Pande, S.; Rao, J. N. (2000) International Arachis Newsletter 20, 42-44. Peninsular X Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Malaysia (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. IMI (1971) [Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory]. Vindhiyavarman, P.; Lakshmanan, P.; Mohammed, S. E. N. (2001) International Arachis Newsletter Sabah X Williams, T. H.; Liu, P. S. W. (1976) Phytopathological Paper 19, 1-67. [Source: http://nt.ars- 21, 11-12. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Tripura X Subrata, B.; Singh, N. P. (2005) Indian Phytopathology 58 (4), 500-502. IMI (1972) [Tuaran]. Uttar Pradesh X Kolte, S. J.; Awasthi, R. P. (1979) Indian Phytopathology 32 (1), 155-156. [Nainital Tarai Region.] Sarawak X Anon. (1975) Annual Report of the Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, for the Singh, S. B.; Singh, J. P. (1998) Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities 22 (3) 361-362. year 1973. Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, Malaysia, 208 pp. [First record.] Yadav, H. L.; Swarup, J.; Saksena, H. K. (1975) Indian Journal of Farm Sciences 3, 109. [Kanpur. IMI (1974). First record.] Myanmar X IMI (1971). IMI (1974). Nepal X Jayaswal, M. L.; Waliyar, F.; McDonald, D.; Rao, M. J. V. (1988) International Arachis Newsletter 4, West Bengal X De, A. B. (1996) Journal of Bengal Natural History Society 15 (2), 3-10. [Burdwan.] 7-8. Srikanta, D.; Raj, S. K. (1996) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 66 (9), 560-563. Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes Srikanta, D.; Raj, S. K. (1998) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 68 (4), 215-217. (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Subhalakshmi, T.; Chowdhury, A. K. (2008) Journal of Interacademicia 12 (4), 427-432. Pakistan X IMI (1980) [Junagadh Campus]. Indonesia B Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Philippines A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, iii + 13 pp. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Irian Jaya X Shivas, R. G.; Suyoko, S.; Raga, N.; Hyde, K. D. (1996) Australasian Plant Pathology 25, 36-49. Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes [Blak, Jayapura, Manokwari, and Merauke.] (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84.

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Singapore C AVA (2001) Diagnostic records of the Plant Health Diagnostic Services, Plant Health Centre, Agri- Gambia X IMI (1993) [Sinchu Baliya]. food & Veterinary Authority, Singapore. Ghana A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Sri Lanka X Rabeendran, N.; Arulnandhy, V. (1995) International Arachis Newsletter 15, 31-32. [East.] Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes IMI (1977). (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Guinea X Waliyar, F.; Tounkara, N. B. (1990) International Arachis Newsletter 7, 8-9. IMI (1981). Kenya A Keswani, C. L.; Ondieki, J. J. (1976) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 24 (4), 135-136. Taiwan X Anon. (1979) List of Plant Diseases in Taiwan. Plant Protection Society, Taipei, Taiwan, 404 pp. Seif, A. A. (1979) Plant Disease Reporter 63 (7), 591-593. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Fang, H. C.; Hsu, C. S.; Hwang, S. C. (1992) Plant Protection Bulletin (Taipei) 34 (2), 101-108. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Fang, Y. Z.; Fana, H. C.; Fang, H. C. (1982) In: Scientific Meeting Report 1981, 105-110. Tainan IMI (1977); (1975). District Agricultural Improvement Station, Tainan, Taiwan. Malawi X Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Thailand X Anderson, W. F.; Beute, M. K.; Wynne, J. C.; Wongkaew, S. (1990) Phytopathology 80 (12), 1451- Subrahmanyam, P.; Chiyembekeza, A. J. (1995) International Arachis Newsletter 15, 22-24. [Mzuzu 1459. and Karonga.] Sommartya, T. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research 1984, 97-98. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Virmani, S. M.; Faris, D. G.; Johansen, C. (eds) (1991) Agroclimatology of Asian Grain Legumes IMI (1975). (Chickpea, Pigeonpea, and Groundnut) Research Bulletin 14, 1-84. Mali X Anon. (1983) IRAT Annual Report 1982. IRAT, Paris, France, 249 pp. Wongkaew, S.; Kitisin, S.; Surin, P.; Boothanu, W. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 91-95. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Mauritius X Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), 111-121. Vietnam X Mehan, V. K.; Hong, N. X. (1994) International Arachis Newsletter 14, 8-11. Felix, S.; Ricaud, C. (1977) Revue Agricole et Sucriere de I'lle Maurice 56 (3), 110-114. Subrahmanyam, P.; Reddy, L. J.; Faris, D. G.; Dan, N. T.; Hein, N. X. (1990) International Arachis Newsletter 7, 9-10. Mozambique X Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Tran, N. (1997) International Arachis Newsletter 17, 30-31. Reis, L. G. L. (1982) Garcia de Orta, Estudos Agronomicas 9 (1/2), 61-70. Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research AFRICA Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Benin A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Niger X Subrahmanyam, P.; Bosc, J. P.; Hassane, H.; Smith, D. H.; Mounkaila, A.; Ndunguru, B. J.; Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Sankara, P. (1992) Oleagineux (Paris) 47 (3), 119-133. IMI (1978). Waliyar, F.; Bosc, J. P.; Bonkoungou, S. (1993) Oleagineux (Paris) 48 (6), 283-287. Botswana X Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Nigeria X Eboh, D. 0. (1981) Mycologia 73, 445-453. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Ihejirika, G. 0.; Nwufo, M. I.; Oputa, E.; Obilo, 0. P.; Ogbede, K. 0.; Onyia, V. N. (2006) Journal of Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Plant Sciences 1 (4), 362-367. [Owerri.] Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. McDonald, D.; Emechebe, A. M. (1978) Plant Disease Reporter 62 (1), 5-8. [Gwozo, Borno State.] IMI (1975). Salako, E. A.; Olorunju, P. E. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24- Burkina Faso X Pare, D.; Bonkoungou, S.; Bosc, J. P.; Dabire, C. (1994) Sahel PV Info 66, 15-18. 28 September 1984, 99-102. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Rao, P. V. S.; Strange, R. N.; Sankara, P.; Abadie, M.; Miningou, A.; Pare, D.; Schilling, R. (1996) Senegal A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research International Arachis Newsletter 16, 27-29. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Subrahmanyam, P.; Bosc, J. P.; Hassane, H.; Smith, D. H.; Mounkaila, A.; Ndunguru, B. J.; Somalia A Castellani, E.; Mohamed, I. M.; Jama, A. N. (1977) Studi e Ricerche, Somali Democratic Republic 1, Sankara, P. (1992) Oleagineux (Paris) 47 (3), 119-133. 57-68. Zambettakis, C.; Picasso, C.; Bosc, J. P. (1988) Oleagineux 43 (7), 297-303. [South.] South Africa X Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Cote d'Ivoire X Lannou, C.; Savary, S. (1991) Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 97 (6), 355-368. 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Savary, S.; Bosc, J. P.; Noirot, M.; Zadoks, J. C. (1989) Oleagineux (Paris) 44 (10), 485-488. Crous, P. W.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Baxter, A. P. (2000) Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa. Department of Plant Pathology Press, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 358 Savary, S.; Brissot, F. (1990) Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Rijksuniversiteit Gent 55 (2a), 253-261. Mathews, C. (1997) International Arachis Newsletter 17, 25-27. [Mpumalanga Province.] Savary, S.; Jong, P. D. de; Rabbinge, R.; Zadoks, J. C. (1990) Agricultural Systems 32 (2), 113-141. [Adiopodoume.] Mathews, C.; Lengwati, M. D.; Smith, M. F.; Nigam, S. N. (2007) 8th African Crop Science Society Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31 October 2007, 251-257. African Crop Science Society, El-Minia, Ethiopia A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Egypt. [Mpumalanga Province.] Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Sudan A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research IMI (1976). Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp.

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IMI (1979); (1978); (1977). Georgia X Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), Swaziland X Earnshaw, D. M.; Rao, Y. P. (1992) Regional screening of groundnut germplasm for late leaf spot 111-121. and rust resistance in Swaziland. Proceedings of the fifth regional groundnut workshop for Southern Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. Africa, 9-12 March, 1992, Lilongwe, Malawi, pp. 71-73. Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Subrahmanyam, P.; Bosc, J. P.; Hassane, H.; Smith, D. H.; Mounkaila, A.; Ndunguru, B. J.; September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Sankara, P. (1992) Oleagineux (Paris) 47 (3), 119-133. Nutter, F. W. Jr. (1989) Phytopathology 79 (9), 958-963. [Plains.] Tanzania X Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Hawaii X Gardner, D. E.; Hodges, C. S. Jr. (1989) Pacific Science 43, 41-55. [Source: http://nt.ars- 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Ebbels, D. L.; Allen, D. J. (1979) Phytopathological Paper 22, 1-89. [Source: http://nt.ars- Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Keswani, C. L.; Ondieki, J. J. (1976) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 24 (4), 135-136. BPBM (1988) [Oahu]. Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Louisiana X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Uganda A Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. 111-121. IMI (1976). Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. Zambia X Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September New Mexico X Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. 111-121. Raemakers, R.; Preston, G. (1977) PANS 23, 166-170. Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research North Carolina X Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. 111-121. IMI (1976). Grand, L. F. (ed) (1985) North Carolina Agricultural Research Services Technical Bulletin 240, 1- Zimbabwe X Cole, D. L. (1985) Proceedings of the Regional Groundnut Workshop for Southern Africa, Lilongwe, 157. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Malawi, 26-29 March 1984, 121-124. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. Cole, D. L. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Wells, J. C. (1962) Plant Disease Reporter 46, 65. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 1984, 109-114. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Texas X Black, M. C.; Smith, D. H. (1988) Proceedings, American Peanut Research and Education Society Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research 19, 31. [South.] Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), IMI (1974). 111-121. Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. NORTH AMERICA Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Mexico X Alvarez, M. G. (1976) Fitofilo 71, 1-169. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Noriega-Cantu, D. H.; Pereyra-Hernandez, J.; Joaquin-Torres, I. C.; Mora-Aguilera, G.; Nieto-Angel, Virginia X Hennen, J. F.; Subrahmanyam, P.; Figueiredo, M. B. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, D.; Cantu-Almaguer, M. A.; Gomez-Montiel, N. 0. (2000) International Arachis Newsletter No. 20 pp. Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 145-155. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. 40-42. Smart, G. C. Jr. (1962) Plant Disease Reporter 46, 65. [Source: http://nt.ars- USA X Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. BPI (1961) [Franklin, Southampton County]. Alabama X Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), 111-121. CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN Hagan, A. K.; Campbell, H. L.; Bowen, K. L.; Pegues, M. (2006) Plant Health Progress November, 1-9. [Southwest.] Antigua and - A Castellani, E. (1959) Olearia 13, 261-270. Barbuda Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Florida XAlfieri, S. A. Jr.; Langdon, K. R.; Wehlburg, C.; Kimbrough, J. W. (1984) Florida Department of September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industries Bulletin 11, 1-389. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Barbados X Norse, D. (1974) Phytopathological Paper 18, 1-38. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Bromfield, K. R. (1971) Journal American Peanut Research and Education Association Inc. 3 (1), Belize X Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 111-121. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Hammons, R. 0. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 300-304. Costa Rica X BPI (1924) [Turrialba]. Knauft, D. A. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September Cuba A Arnold, G. R. W. (1986) List of Phytopathogenic Fungi in Cuba. Ministerio de Cultura Editorial 1984, 183-187. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Cientifico-Tecnica, Habana, Cuba, 207 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Esquivel, M.; Fundora, Z.; Hammer, K. (1993) Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 91-92, 17-20. Dennis, R. W. G. (1970) Kew Bulletin Additional Series III. Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Countries. Verlag von J. Cramer, Weinheim, Germany, 531 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Urtiaga, R. (1986) Index of Diseases of Plants in Venezuela and Cuba. Impresos en Impresos BPI (1949) [La Pastora]; (1946) [St. Vincent]; (1946) [St Augustine]; (1944) [Georgetown, St. Nuevo Siglo SRL, Barquisimeto, Venezuela, 202 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- Vincent]. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1960); (1946); (1944). Dominican XCiferri, R. (1929) Boletin de la Estacion Agronomica de Moca, Series B 14, 1-260. [Source: United States XStevenson, J. A. (1975) Contributions of the Reed Herbarium 23, 743. [Source: http://nt.ars- Republic http://nt.ars-grin.gov/f ungaldatabases.] Virgin Islands grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Ciferri, R. (1961) Quaderno 19, 1-539. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 SOUTH AMERICA September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Argentina - BHammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Kern, F. D.; Ciferri, R.; Thurston, H. W. Jr. (1933) Annales Mycologici 31, 1-40. [Source: http://nt.ars- September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lindquist, J. C. (1982) Rusts of Argentina and Neighbouring Zones. Institute Nacional de Tecnologia El Salvador X Ancalmo, 0. (1959) Boletin Technical Ministry Agriculture, Salvador, 22. Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 574 pp. [On grassnut (Arachis prostrata). Source: Grenada A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Brazil XCharchar, M. J. d'A.; Pizarro, E. A. (1995) Pasturas Tropicales 17 (2), 42-43. [Cerrado habitat.] Guadeloupe A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata). September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1894). Mendes, M. A. S.; Silva, V. L. da; Dianese, J. C. et al. (1998) Fungi on Plants in Brazil. Embrapa- Guatemala A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, Brazil, 555 pp. [On rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata). Source: September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Haiti X Benjamin, C. R.; Slot, A. (1969) Sydowia 23, 125-163. [Source: http://nt.ars- Rodrigues, A. A. C.; Silva, G. S.; Moraes, F. H. R.; Silva, C. L. P. (2006) Fitopatologia Brasileira 31 grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] (4), 411. Honduras A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Amapa XSotao, H. M. P.; Hennen, J. F.; Cavalcante, M. A. (2002) Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Serie Botanica 17 (1), 107-159. BPI (1951) [El Zamorano]; (1943) [Lancetilla Experimental Station, Tela]. Mato Grosso XBPI (1936) [Campo Grande]. Jamaica A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Minas Gerais XBPI (1936) [Camp Grande]. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Pernambuco XNoronha, M. A.; Pedrosa, R. A.; Silveira, N. S. S. Michereff, S. J.; Coutinho, J. L. B. (1999) Boletin IMI (1961) [St. Elizabeth]; (1947) [Hope]. Micologico 14 (1/2), 35-40. [Goiana.] Montserrat A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Rio Grande do Sul XBPI (1936) [Tupaceretan]. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Sao Paulo XGodoy, I. J. de; Moraes, S. A. de; Siqueira, W. J.; Pereira, J. C. V. N. A. Martins, A. L. de M. Paulo, Nicaragua A Augusto, J.; Brenneman, T. B.; Culbreath, A. K.; Sumner, P. (2010) Plant Disease 94 (6) 676-682. E. M. (1999) Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 34 (7), 1183-1191. Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Hennen, J. F.; Figueiredo, M. B.; Ribeiro, I. J. A.; Soave, J. (1976) Summa Phytopathologica 2 (1), September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. 44-46. BPI (1955) [La Cabra, Managua]. Colombia ABuritica, P.; Pardo-Cardona, V. M. (1996) Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Panama A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Fisicas y Naturales 20, 183-236. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Puerto Rico A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Pardo-Cardona, V. M. (1998) Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin 51, 285-319. Roure, L. A. (1963) University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper 35, 1- [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 145. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Salazar-Yepes, M.; Buritica, P.; Cadena-Gomez, G. (2002) Cenicafe 53, 219-238. [Source: Stevenson, J. A. (1975) Contributions of the Reed Herbarium 23, 743. [Source: http://nt.ars- http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Ecuador X Anon. (1967) Fitopatologina. Santa Catalina; Portobeijo; Pichilingue. Infme Inst. Nac. Investnes. BPI (1940) [La Providencia, Maracay]; (1917) [Rio Piedras]; (1915) [Espinosa]; (1915) [Dorado]. Agropec., Ecuador pp. 139. St Kitts-Nevis X Brown, A. L. (1978) Quarterly Report Caribbean Plant Protection Commission 7 (1), 13. Guyana A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. St Vincent and A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Grenadines September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. IMI (1976); (1974). IMI (1970) [Belvedere, St. Vincent]. Paraguay X Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Trinidad and X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1951) Mycological Papers 33, 1-123. [Source: http://nt.ars- Tobago grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Peru A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Page 6 April 2012 Puccinia arachidis Map No. 160 (Edition 7)

Suriname A Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Gerlach, W. W. P.; Matalavea, S.; Tuionoula, M. (1986) Alafua Agricultural Bulletin 11 (3), 7-39. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Shaw, D. E.; Layton, W. A. (1975) Research Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Stock and BPI (1938) [Paramaribo]. Fisheries, Port Moresby 13, 27-32. Uruguay X Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Tuugasala, S.; McKenzie, S. (1996) Journal of South Pacific Agriculture 3, 11-13. September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Solomon Islands- X McKenzie, E. H. C.; Jackson, G. V. H. (1986) The fungi, bacteria and pathogenic algae of Solomon Venezuela X Dennis, R. W. G. (1970) Kew Bulletin Additional Series III. Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Islands. FAO. RAS/83/001, Field Document 11. Suva, Fiji. 282 pp. Countries. Verlag von J. Cramer, Weinheim, Germany, 531 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- Shaw, D. E.; Layton, W. A. (1975) Research Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Stock and grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Fisheries, Port Moresby 13, 27-32. Hammons, R. 0. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Subrahmanyam, P.; McDonald, D. (1983) Information Bulletin, International Crops Research September 1984, 65-71. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 13, 13 pp. Kern, F. D. (1938) Mycologia 30, 537-552. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] PDD (1980) [Banika Island]; (1980) [San Cristobal Island]; (1980) [Vonavona Island]; (1978) [Okea, Urtiaga, R. (1986) Index of Diseases of Plants in Venezuela and Cuba. Impresos en Impresos Guadalcanal]. Nuevo Sig lo SRL, Barquisimeto, Venezuela, 202 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- Tonga A Firman, I. D. (ed) (1981) Plant Protection News, Information Circular, South Pacific Commission 88, grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 1-11. Richardson, M. J. (1990) An annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Fourth Edition. International OCEANIA Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland, 387 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Australia B Middleton, K.; Shorter, R. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 September 1984, 73-75. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. Vanuatu X McKenzie, E. H. C. (1989) The fungi, bacteria and pathogenic algae of Vanuatu. Forum Secretariat. Suva, Fiji. 91 pp. O'Brien, R. G. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 297-299. PDD (1997) [Middlebush, Tanna]; (1997) [Loukatai, Tanna]; (1996) [Teoumu Upland, Efate]; (1984) Northern Territory X Middleton, K.; Shorter, R. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 [Tagabe Agricultural Station, Efate]. September 1984, 73-75. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. O'Brien, R. G. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 297-299. [Adelaide River District.] The record for Bolivia in the previous edition is erroneous. The record for USSR may be unreliable according to Tranzschel, 1939 (in Crop IMI (1973) [Snake Creek, Adelaide River]. Protection Compendium (accessed March 2012), Puccinia arachidis datasheet, http://www.cabi.org/cpc). Queensland X Hyde, K. D.; Alcorn, J. L. (1993) Australasian Plant Pathology 22, 73-83. [Cape York Peninsula and The records from BPI refer to specimens in the US National Fungus Collections. Torres Strait Islands. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] The records from PDD and BPBM refer to specimens held in the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants, New Zealand National Middleton, K.; Shorter, R. (1987) Groundnut Rust Disease: Proceedings, Patancheru, India, 24-28 Microbial Collection and the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Hawai'i, USA, respectively (accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2 September 1984, 73-75. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. February 2012). O'Brien, R. G. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 297-299. [Atherton Tableland in 1973 and Kingaroy in 1976.] IMI (1973) [Wankamin]. Western Australia XBell, M. (1986) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37 (1), 31-42. [Ord River Irrigation Area.] O'Brien, R. G. (1977) PANS 23 (3), 297-299. [Ord River Region.] Shivas, R. G. (1989) Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 72, 1-62. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Fiji A Firman, I. D. (ed) (1981) Plant Protection News, Information Circular, South Pacific Commission 88, 1-11. Richardson, M. J. (1990) An annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. Fourth Edition. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland, 387 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Vilsoni, F. (1980) Fiji Agricultural Journal 42 (2), 45-46. [First record.] PDD (2002) [Seaqaqa, Vanua Levu]. Palau X PDD (1991) [Koror]. Papua New X French, B. (2002) Papua New Guinea Food Plants database, including pests and diseases of Food Guinea Plants. Food Plants International, Tasmania, Australia (CD). Shaw, D. E. (1984) Department of Primary Industries, Research Bulletin 33, 1-344. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Shaw, D. E.; Layton, W. A. (1975) Research Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Port Moresby 13, 27-32. IMI (1972). Samoa X Gerlach, W. W. P. (1988) Plant Diseases of Western Samoa. Samoan German Crop Protection Project, Apia, Western Samoa.

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