DOCSLIB.ORG

Stony Brook University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stony Brook University SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... The Making of National Women: Gender, Nationalism and Social Mobilization in China’s Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937-45 A Dissertation Presented by Dewen Zhang to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University December 2013 Copyright by Dewen Zhang 2013 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Dewen Zhang We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Iona Man-Cheong – Dissertation Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Nancy Tomes - Chairperson of Defense Professor, Department of History Victoria Hesford Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Analysis and Theory Danke Li Professor, Department of History Fairfield University This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School Charles Taber Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation The Making of National Women: Gender, Nationalism and Social Mobilization in China’s Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937-45 by Dewen Zhang Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2013 Drawing on materials from the Second Historical Archive of China, the Rockefeller Archive Center, the Special Collection of American Bureau for Medical Aid to China, as well as other published and unpublished materials gathered in mainland China, Taiwan and the U.S., this dissertation discusses a broad spectrum of women of various social and political affiliations performed a wide range of work to mobilize collective resistance against Japanese aggression. Integrating women and gender into the exploration of the war and society of 1937-45, this dissertation reveals that women’s social relief activities were as much about the emergence of the patriotic female subject of modern women as they were about the wartime deliberations on resistance and the making of the nation. Women portrayed themselves as national citizens who shared half the responsibility for national reconstruction, and took civic pride in their patriotic deeds. During the war, Chinese women gained greater mobility and visibility in public arenas, and cultivated a profound sense of politicization in their relief work in the areas of nursing, war orphan relief, front line service and propaganda work. Their public activities brought them into leadership positions, which often demanded independent and strategic performances in order to survive the deprivations of war. At the same time, women’s activities became the embodiment of their commitment to the collective goals of the nation, which was a drastic change from their May Fourth sisters’ championing of individual subjectivities and romantic love. Women were often placed in a secondary position and their work was supplementary in nature to the battle work of the soldiers, which was deemed as an ultimate masculine field that excluded women. Thus this dissertation argues wartime conflict affirmed the gender segregation that perpetuated the image of women’s non-essentiality. iii Table of Contents List of Abbreviations vi Acknowledgement vii 1. Introduction 1 Women and the discourse on nation building 10 Format 14 A note on sources 15 2. Embodying and Propagandizing Revolutionary Femininity at War: Xie Binging and Hu Lanqi’s Chinese Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps 18 May Fourth revolutionary feminism in exile 21 Embodying the feminist wartime revolution: the formation of the Chinese Women’s Auxiliary Corps 23 Women working for the resistance army in supplementary capacities 32 Shanghai Working Women’s Army Auxiliary Corp and Hu Lanqi 36 Women confronting state gender ideology 42 Conclusion 45 3. Rescuing the Dying and Healing the Wounded: Wartime Nursing and the Construction of Professional Femininity in the Army 47 Voluntary nursing: embodying nurturing femininity in the time of national crisis 53 Military nursing 58 Zhou Meiyu and army medical nursing training programs 64 Female nursing educators and wartime nursing development 74 Conclusion 81 4. Patriotic Motherhood and China’s Future Citizens: Wu Jufang and Guangdong Children’s Homes and Schools 84 Regional variations for the care and education of war orphans 94 Wu Jufang and her path: the mother in military uniform 102 Rescuing children: mothers in actions 112 Surviving the war: persistence and strategies 119 Educating China’s future citizens: motherhood, war orphans, and nation 124 iv Interpreting Wu’s role 132 Conclusion 141 5. Mobilizing Rural Women for the War of Resistance: CCP Women Cadres and the Introduction of a Revolutionary Vocabulary 145 Context: the CCP gender regime and women’s mobilization 148 Organizations and cadres: technology and personnel in mass mobilization 158 Politicizing women’s mass mobilization 167 6. Drafting Women’s Labor: Transforming Domestic Women from the Patrilineal Kinship System to Subjects of the Communist Nation State 175 Mobilizing peasant women: introducing a revolutionary vocabulary to the rural population 177 Women’s labor: revolution and its limits 189 Making communist subjects 198 Women’s own voices 201 Conclusion 204 Epilogue 206 References 210 v List of Abbreviations Archives ABMAC American Bureau for Medical Aid to China RF Rockefeller Foundation Archive SHAC the Second Historical Archive of China Abbreviations Used in Footnotes XBYWJ Xie Bingying. Xie Bingyin wenji (A Collection of Xie Bingying’s works), compiled by Cao du, Ai yi. Hefei: Anhui wenyi chubanshe, 1999. GDFN Guangdongsheng funu yundong lishi bianzhuanzu. Guangdong Funü yundong fazhan shilia (A collection of the primary sources on Guangdong women’s movements). Guandgong: Guangdongsheng funu lianhehui, 1991. NBLZ Nübing liezhuan (Biographies of Chinese Female Soldiers in the Red Army). Shanghai: Shanghai wenyi chubanshe, 1984. LNRZJSH Li Xiaojiang eds., Lang nuren ziji shuo: duli de licheng (Let women speak for themselves). Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 2003. JCJ Jinchaji bianqu funu kangri douzheng shiliao bianjizu. Jinchaji beiyuequ funu kangri douzheng shiliao (Primary Sources on Women’s Resistance movement in Beiyue Jinchaji base area). Beijing: Zhongguo funu chubanshe, 1990. vi Acknowledgments I spent the most important and informative years of my life as a graduate student in the intellectually intensive and supportive atmosphere in the Department of History at Stony Brook University. I thank Iona Man-Cheong, who supervised this dissertation. She shares my passion for the history of women in China. Moreover, she has and continues to provide intellectual generosity and unfailing support. I owe the inspiration to study women and gender studies to Nancy Tomes and Victoria Hesford. Their critical insights into the conceptual and interpretive challenges of women’s studies have informed my research and writing. I also thank Danke Li for agreeing to serve on my dissertation committee and her insightful critique. I am also in debt to my professors in both China and the United States. They led me into the field of history and fostered in me the ability to appreciate the magic of the craft of history. Foremost among them are Ka-che Yip, Constantine Vaporis, Warren Cohen, Ira Livingston, Gary Marker, Chris Sellers, April Masten, Herman Lebovics, Zhang Qing, Jin Guangyao, Wu Jingping, Dai Angang, Wang Licheng, Zhang Ronghua and Huang Yang. While writing this dissertation, I received generous support from many colleagues and friends in the United States, as well as in China. My friends from Stony Brook University generously shared their time and helped with proofreading. Bridget María Chesterton, Jenise DePinto, Dianne Creagh, Ron Van Cleef, Luke Feder, Stephen Patnode, and Yvie Fabella read drafts at various stages. I was truly fortunate to have been surrounded by warm, funny, and patient classmates during my long graduate career. They generously shared their time to correct embarrassing grammar mistakes and offered meaningful critiques. They never failed to provide friendship and encouragement that was fundamental in helping me survive these graduate years. The Chinese clique at Stony Brook composed of Xu Tong, Guo Aimin, Zhang Aihua, Wo Chingling and Lu Xiaoning provided a mini-village where we shared home-cooked meals and thoughts. I am grateful for Liu Qiong, Tan Shi, and Su Yangyang for the wonderful time spent together at the Second Historical Archives of China in Nanjing. Their presence provided invigorating conversation and warm friendship. Many institutions generously supported my research and writing. The Harvard -Yenching Library provided a grant which allowed me to use their collection on wartime Chinese women’s publications. The Rockefeller Archive Center generously funded my research on the Peking Union Medical College and China’s wartime nursing. The ASIANetwork Luce Foundation aided the final stage of writing and revising by offering support through their post-doctorate teaching fellow program. Washington and Jefferson College warmly supported my writing and research as my home institution while I was a Luce teaching fellow there. Numerous individuals have generously shared their time and expertise along the way. Xiaohe Ma and Chen Jin of Harvard Yen-Ching Library introduced me to their collection
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Comfort Women”: Historical Agony and Practical Tasks
    S/N Korean Humanities, Volume 3 Issue 1 (March 2017) https://doi.org/10.17783/IHU.2017.3.1.15 pp.15~30∣ISSN 2384-0668 / E-ISSN 2384-0692 ⓒ 2017 IHU S/N Korean Humanities Volume3 Issue1 “Comfort Women”: Historical Agony and Practical Tasks 1) Xu Mingzhe* Yanbian University Abstract While more than seventy years have passed since liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the problems rooted in Japanese wartime aggression, including the issue of “comfort women,” remain unsettled due to the misperceived historical notion on the part of the Japanese government. The existence of the “comfort women” system has been commonly acknowledged as a fact by many and while the Japanese government acknowledged the existence of comfort women and comfort stations in the “Kono Statement,” the current administration of Shinzo Abe is denying Japan’s liability and compensation. First, we must contemplate again the meaning of the comfort women issue and the significance of resolving the issue. At the same time, we must endeavor not to leave imperial Japan’s inhumane activities and crime against humanity in the past and approach the comfort women issue to protect peace and justice and serve it as a warning to Japanese militarism which is currently on the rise. If we continue to fail in solving issues caused by the war, building a correct perception of history and securing peace in the region will be an arduous task. We must urge the Japanese government for a heartfelt apology, repentance and compensation so that the victims can pass away without any resentment. Key Words: Comfort women, Kono Statement, Comfort stations, Coercion * [email protected] Received January 10, 2017; Revised version received February 06, 2017; Accepted March 02, 2017 S/N Korean Humanities, Volume 3 Issue 1 15 Feature Articles : The Comfort Women Issue in East Asian Memory 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guangzhou-Hongkong Strike, 1925-1926
    The Guangzhou-Hongkong Strike, 1925-1926 Hongkong Workers in an Anti-Imperialist Movement Robert JamesHorrocks Submitted in accordancewith the requirementsfor the degreeof PhD The University of Leeds Departmentof East Asian Studies October 1994 The candidateconfirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where referencehas been made to the work of others. 11 Abstract In this thesis, I study the Guangzhou-Hongkong strike of 1925-1926. My analysis differs from past studies' suggestions that the strike was a libertarian eruption of mass protest against British imperialism and the Hongkong Government, which, according to these studies, exploited and oppressed Chinese in Guangdong and Hongkong. I argue that a political party, the CCP, led, organised, and nurtured the strike. It centralised political power in its hands and tried to impose its revolutionary visions on those under its control. First, I describe how foreign trade enriched many people outside the state. I go on to describe how Chinese-run institutions governed Hongkong's increasingly settled non-elite Chinese population. I reject ideas that Hongkong's mixed-class unions exploited workers and suggest that revolutionaries failed to transform Hongkong society either before or during the strike. My thesis shows that the strike bureaucracy was an authoritarian power structure; the strike's unprecedented political demands reflected the CCP's revolutionary political platform, which was sometimes incompatible with the interests of Hongkong's unions. I suggestthat the revolutionary elite's goals were not identical to those of the unions it claimed to represent: Hongkong unions preserved their autonomy in the face of revolutionaries' attempts to control Hongkong workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Kūnqǔ in Practice: a Case Study
    KŪNQǓ IN PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THEATRE OCTOBER 2019 By Ju-Hua Wei Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth A. Wichmann-Walczak, Chairperson Lurana Donnels O’Malley Kirstin A. Pauka Cathryn H. Clayton Shana J. Brown Keywords: kunqu, kunju, opera, performance, text, music, creation, practice, Wei Liangfu © 2019, Ju-Hua Wei ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the individuals who helped me in completion of my dissertation and on my journey of exploring the world of theatre and music: Shén Fúqìng 沈福庆 (1933-2013), for being a thoughtful teacher and a father figure. He taught me the spirit of jīngjù and demonstrated the ultimate fine art of jīngjù music and singing. He was an inspiration to all of us who learned from him. And to his spouse, Zhāng Qìnglán 张庆兰, for her motherly love during my jīngjù research in Nánjīng 南京. Sūn Jiàn’ān 孙建安, for being a great mentor to me, bringing me along on all occasions, introducing me to the production team which initiated the project for my dissertation, attending the kūnqǔ performances in which he was involved, meeting his kūnqǔ expert friends, listening to his music lessons, and more; anything which he thought might benefit my understanding of all aspects of kūnqǔ. I am grateful for all his support and his profound knowledge of kūnqǔ music composition. Wichmann-Walczak, Elizabeth, for her years of endeavor producing jīngjù productions in the US.
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Across the Geo-political Landscape Chinese Women Intellectuals’ Political Networks in the Wartime Era 1937-1949 Guo, Xiangwei Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 Across the Geo-political Landscape: Chinese Women Intellectuals’ Political
    [Show full text]
  • Fei Mu's Aesthetics of Desolation in Spring In
    CHAPTER FOUR BETWEEN FORGETTING AND THE REPETITIONS OF MEMORY: FEI MU’S AESTHETICS OF DESOLATION IN SPRING IN A SMALL TOWN Heroism has strength but no beauty and thus seems to lack humanity. Tragedy, however, resembles the matching of bright red with deep green: an intense and unequivocal contrast. And yet it is more exciting than truly revelatory. The reason desolation resonates far more profoundly is that it resembles the conjunction of scallion green with peach red, creating an equivocal contrast. I like writing by way of equivocal contrast because it is relatively true to life.1 Like wartime cartoonists, poets, dramatists, and other artists who traveled inland to promote the cause of resistance, the Chinese film industry was also displaced to the Nationalist interior during the War of Resistance. The Nationalist government-owned Central Film Studio (Zhongyang diangy- ing sheyingchang 中央电影摄影场) and China Motion Pictures Studio (Zhongguo dianying zhipianchang 中国电影制片厂) were relocated to Chongqing, where the government encouraged the production of docu- mentary and feature films to promote the war effort. However, political instability, inflation, supply problems, and inadequate means of distribu- tion made it difficult to create high-quality films, and both Central Film and China Motion Pictures were forced to suspend filmmaking activities between 1941 and 1943.2 Although film studios in “Orphan Island” (gudao 孤岛) Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Manchuria operated throughout most of the war, working under the watchful eye of Japanese censors, filmmakers in the occupied regions were unable to produce films that explored in depth the experiences of ordinary people in wartime. 1 Eileen Chang, “Writing of One’s Own,” p.
    [Show full text]
  • HUMA 1210: Chinese Women on Screen
    HUMA 1210: Chinese Women on Screen Instructor: Daisy Yan Du Associate Professor Division of Humanities Office: Room 2369 (Lift 13-15), Academic Bldg Office phone: (852) 2358-7792 E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: by appointment only Teaching Assistant: Song HAN E-mail: [email protected] Office: Room 3001 (Lift 4), Academic Bldg Office hours: by appointment only Time & Classroom: Time: 12-14:50pm, Friday, Spring 2019 Room: LTH Required Readings: • All available online at “Files,” Canvas Course Description: This course examines Chinese women as both historical and fictional figures to unravel the convoluted relationship between history and visual representations. It follows a chronological order, beginning with women in Republican China and ending with contemporary female immigrants in the age of globalization. The changing images of women on screen go hand in hand with major cinematic movements in history, including the leftist turn in the 1930s, the rise of animation in wartime Shanghai, socialist filmmaking during the Seventeen Years (1949-1966), the birth of model opera film during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), post-1989 underground/independent filmmaking, and the globalization of cinema in contemporary China. Approaches of film analyses and gender/sexuality theories will be introduced throughout the course. All reading materials, lectures, classroom discussions, and exams are in English. Course Objectives: By the end of this semester students should be able to: • track the changing images of women in history • track
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1. Hobsbawm 1990, 66. 2. Diamond 1998, 322–33. 3. Fairbank 1992, 44–45. 4. Fei Xiaotong 1989, 1–2. 5. Diamond 1998, 323, original emphasis. 6. Crossley 1999; Di Cosmo 1998; Purdue 2005a; Lavely and Wong 1998, 717. 7. Richards 2003, 112–47; Lattimore 1937; Pan Chia-lin and Taeuber 1952. 8. My usage of the term “geo-body” follows Thongchai 1994. 9. B. Anderson 1991, 86. 10. Purdue 2001, 304. 11. Dreyer 2006, 279–80; Fei Xiaotong 1981, 23–25. 12. Jiang Ping 1994, 16. 13. Morris-Suzuki 1998, 4; Duara 2003; Handler 1988, 6–9. 14. Duara 1995; Duara 2003. 15. Turner 1962, 3. 16. Adelman and Aron 1999, 816. 17. M. Anderson 1996, 4, Anderson’s italics. 18. Fitzgerald 1996a: 136. 19. Ibid., 107. 20. Tsu Jing 2005. 21. R. Wong 2006, 95. 22. Chatterjee (1986) was the first to theorize colonial nationalism as a “derivative discourse” of Western Orientalism. 23. Gladney 1994, 92–95; Harrell 1995a; Schein 2000. 24. Fei Xiaotong 1989, 1. 25. Cohen 1991, 114–25; Schwarcz 1986; Tu Wei-ming 1994. 26. Harrison 2000, 240–43, 83–85; Harrison 2001. 27. Harrison 2000, 83–85; Cohen 1991, 126. 186 • Notes 28. Duara 2003, 9–40. 29. See, for example, Lattimore 1940 and 1962; Forbes 1986; Goldstein 1989; Benson 1990; Lipman 1998; Millward 1998; Purdue 2005a; Mitter 2000; Atwood 2002; Tighe 2005; Reardon-Anderson 2005; Giersch 2006; Crossley, Siu, and Sutton 2006; Gladney 1991, 1994, and 1996; Harrell 1995a and 2001; Brown 1996 and 2004; Cheung Siu-woo 1995 and 2003; Schein 2000; Kulp 2000; Bulag 2002 and 2006; Rossabi 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernism in Practice: Shi Zhecun's Psychoanalytic Fiction Writing
    Modernism in Practice: Shi Zhecun's Psychoanalytic Fiction Writing Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Zhu, Yingyue Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 14:07:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642043 MODERNISM IN PRACTICE: SHI ZHECUN’S PSYCHOANALYTIC FICTION WRITING by Yingyue Zhu ____________________________ Copyright © Yingyue Zhu 2020 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2020 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Master’s Committee, we certify that we have read the thesis prepared by Yingyue Zhu, titled MODERNISM IN PRACTICE: SHI ZHECUN’S PSYCHOANALYTIC FICTION WRITING and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Master’s Degree. Jun 29, 2020 _________________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Dian Li Fabio Lanza Jul 2, 2020 _________________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Fabio Lanza Jul 2, 2020 _________________________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Scott Gregory Final approval and acceptance of this thesis is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the thesis to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this thesis prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the Master’s requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript Pas been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissenation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from anytype of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material bad to beremoved, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with smalloverlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back ofthe book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell &Howell Information Company 300North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI48106-1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521·0600 THE LIN BIAO INCIDENT: A STUDY OF EXTRA-INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY AUGUST 1995 By Qiu Jin Dissertation Committee: Stephen Uhalley, Jr., Chairperson Harry Lamley Sharon Minichiello John Stephan Roger Ames UMI Number: 9604163 OMI Microform 9604163 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Raiding the Garden and Rejecting the Family
    Raiding the Garden and Rejecting the Family A Narratology of Scene in The Dream of the Red Chamber Zhonghong Chen Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Autumn 2014 II Raiding the Garden and Rejecting the Family: A Narratology of Scene in the Dream of Red Chamber A Master Thesis III © Zhonghong Chen 2014 Raiding the Garden and Rejecting the Family: A Narratology of Scene in the Dream of Red Chamber Zhonghong Chen http://www.duo.uio.no/ Printed by Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Summary By conducting a close reading and a structural analysis, this thesis explores a narratology of “scene” in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber(Honglou meng《红楼梦》). The terminology of “scene” in the Western literary criticism usually refers to “a structual unit in drama” and “a mode of presentation in narrative”. Some literature criticists also claim that “scene” refers to “a structural unit in narrative”, though without further explanation. One of the main contributions of this theis is to define the term of “scene”, apply it stringently to the novel, Honglou meng, and thus make a narratology of “scene” in this novel. This thesis finds that “scene” as a structural unit in drama is characterized by a unity of continuity of characters, time, space and actions that are unified based on the same topic. “Topic” plays a decisive role in distinguishing “scenes”. On the basis of the definition of the term of “scene”, this theis also reveals how “scenes” transfer from each other by analyzing “scene transitions”. This thesis also finds that the characteristic of the narration in Honglou meng is “character-centered” ranther than “plot-centered”, by conducting research on the relationship between “scene”, “chapter” and “chapter title”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Darkest Red Corner Matthew James Brazil
    The Darkest Red Corner Chinese Communist Intelligence and Its Place in the Party, 1926-1945 Matthew James Brazil A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy Department of Government and International Relations Business School University of Sydney 17 December 2012 Statement of Originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted previously, either in its entirety or substantially, for a higher degree or qualifications at any other university or institute of higher learning. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Matthew James Brazil i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Before and during this project I met a number of people who, directly or otherwise, encouraged my belief that Chinese Communist intelligence was not too difficult a subject for academic study. Michael Dutton and Scot Tanner provided invaluable direction at the very beginning. James Mulvenon requires special thanks for regular encouragement over the years and generosity with his time, guidance, and library. Richard Corsa, Monte Bullard, Tom Andrukonis, Robert W. Rice, Bill Weinstein, Roderick MacFarquhar, the late Frank Holober, Dave Small, Moray Taylor Smith, David Shambaugh, Steven Wadley, Roger Faligot, Jean Hung and the staff at the Universities Service Centre in Hong Kong, and the kind personnel at the KMT Archives in Taipei are the others who can be named. Three former US diplomats cannot, though their generosity helped my understanding of links between modern PRC intelligence operations and those before 1949.
    [Show full text]