DOCSLIB.ORG

Phthiraptera (Insecta): a Catalogue of Parasitic Lice from New Zealand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phthiraptera (Insecta): a Catalogue of Parasitic Lice from New Zealand 2 Palma (2017) Phthiraptera (Insecta): a catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand EDITORIAL BOARD Dr R. M. Emberson, L. c/- Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand Dr M. J. Fletcher, NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia Prof. G. Giribet, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr M.-C. Larivière, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Mr R. L. Palma, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand Dr C. J. Vink, Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Ave, Christchurch, New Zealand CHIEF EDITOR Prof Z.-Q. Zhang, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Associate Editors Dr T. R. Buckley, Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Dr M.-C. Larivière, Dr R. A. B. Leschen, Dr D. F. Ward, Dr Z. Q. Zhao, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Honorary Editor Dr T. K. Crosby, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand 76 3 Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 76 Phthiraptera (Insecta) A catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand by Ricardo L. Palma Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] Auckland, New Zealand 2017 4 Palma (2017) Phthiraptera (Insecta): a catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2017 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, elec- tronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication Palma, Ricardo L. Phthiraptera (Insecta) : a catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand / by Ricardo L. Palma. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Land- care Research NZ , 2017. 1 online resource (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 1179-7193 (online) ; no. 76 = Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa ; nama 76) ISBN 978-0-947525-18-7 (online) ISBN 978-0-947525-19-4 (print) 1.Lice -- New Zealand. I. Title. II. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 595.751(931) Suggested citation: Palma, RL. 2017. Phthiraptera (Insecta): a catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand. Lincoln, N.Z. : Landcare Research. https://doi.org/10.7931/J2/FNZ.76 Prepared for publication by Zhi-Qiang Zhang and the authors using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. To access on-line extracts from this series visit: http://fnz.landcareresearch.co.nz/ Published by Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ Printed by 3A Cover design: Birgit Rhode Date of publication 30 September 2017 Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is supported by Core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s Science and Innovation Group, for the Defining New Zealand’s Land Biota research programme. Fauna of New Zealand 76 5 POPULAR SUMMARY Class Insecta Order Phthiraptera Lice The simple mention of words like “lice” or “nits” is enough to bring strong feelings of revulsion from most people, reminding them of unpleasant childhood memories when they were subjected to uncomfortable treatments to get rid of the infestation. However, those feelings were caused mainly by only one kind of louse: head lice, which— together with its relatives: body and pubic lice—live exclusively on human beings. Unfortunately, the majority of the human population is unaware of the great number of other lice living permanently on almost all birds and most mammals, which cause no harm to humans and very little to their animal hosts. At present, there are about 5,500 species of parasitic lice described and named from many birds and mammals, which are as relevant to the world biodiversity as their hosts. Also, most people are unaware of the vast diversity of body shapes, sizes and colours exhibited by lice. Examples of this morphological diversity can be appreciated from the photographs included in this book. Parasitic lice are wingless, small, flat-bodied insects, grouped in what scientists call an “Order”, and are subdivided in about 20 “families” depending on their body features. According to their feeding habits—either eating feathers and other solid matter or taking liquid blood—two major groups have been named as “chewing” and “sucking” lice, respectively. However, these two groups are not recognised as scientifically accurate because the chewing lice are represented by different morphological types which are not genetically closely related. The many birds and the few native and introduced mammals which live in New Zealand are hosts to over 400 species of lice, which are listed and annotated in this catalogue. Most of these species parasitise seabirds and shorebirds with wide geographic distributions over the world oceans. There is also a number of lice living exclusively on New Zealand terrestrial birds, in particular kiwis, parrots, pigeons and some perching birds. The fact that most louse species live only on one host species, or on a small number of closely related hosts, allows the identification of the host from the identity of its lice, without even examining the host. This characteristic has been successfully used to identify partial remains of bird bodies found in beaches, on roads, or in the forest. Also, some bird species that are difficult to distinguish from each other by their own features, kiwis for example, have been shown to be different by studying their distinct lice. The plight for the survival of endangered bird species is well publicised and known in New Zealand, but people do not realise that the unique lice living on those birds are also endangered and need to be conserved as much as their hosts, especially when birds are managed and handled for their reproduction in captivity. There are overseas examples, such as the case of the Californian condor, where the management of an endangered bird to ensure its survival has caused the extinction of its unique lice, a situation that should be avoided because those lice are also part of world biodiversity. Kutu Mā te whakahuatia noa o te kupu "kutu" o te kupu "riha" rānei e pupū ake ai te anuanu i te nuinga o te tangata, me te hoki anō o ngā mahara ki te tamarikitanga i wetiweti ai rātou ki ngā mahi patu i te hanga e mui ana i te māhunga. Heoi rā, kotahi anō te momo kutu nāna i pupū ake ai te anuanu i te tangata: ko te kutu i te māhunga. Engari he hoa anō ō te kutu nei ko te tinana tangata anō tōna kāinga, ko te kutu piri tinana, me tērā momo ka kitea i ngā huruhuru o raro. Ko te mate kē ia, kāore te nuinga o te tāngata e mōhio arā noa atu ngā momo kutu e rarau ana te noho i te nuinga o te manu me te nuinga o te whāngote, ka mutu kāore ō rātou pānga kino ki te tangata, he iti rānei te pānga kino ki te kararehe e noho ana hei piringa mō rātou. I tēnei wā kei tōna 5,500 ngā momo kutu pirinoa e mōhiotia ana, kua whakaingoatia hoki, e noho ana i te manu me te whāngote, ka mutu e rite ana tō rātou hāngaitanga ki te kanorau koiora o te ao pērā i ō rātou kaiatawhai. Waihoki e noho kūare ana te nuinga o te tangata ki te rerekē o te āhua, o te rahi me ngā tae o ngā momo kutu katoa. Ka kitea he tauira o ngā rerekētanga nei i ngā whakaahua e takoto mai ana ki te pukapuka nei. Kāore he parirau o te kutu pirinoa, he hanga iti, he papatahi te tinana, ka mutu kua whakarōpūhia e ngā kaipūtaiao ki te "Pūtoi", kua wehewehea hoki ki ētahi whānau e 20 nei. Kei te āhua tonu o ngā tinana. Kei te āhua anō o tā rātou i kai ai—he kai hurumanu rānei me ētahi atu kai mārō, he kai toto rānei—e rua ngā rōpū matua kua kīia he kutu "ngaungau", he kutu "momi" rānei. Heoi anō, kāore e kīia ngā rōpū e rua nei he 6 Palma (2017) Phthiraptera (Insecta): a catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand rōpū tika ā-pūtaiao nei i te mea he āhua kē, he āhua kē tō ngā kutu ngaungau, ka mutu kāore e noho whanaunga tata ana ā-ira nei. E noho ana te tini manu me ngā whāngote taketake o Āotearoa, tae atu ki ērā i haria mai i whenua kē hei kaiatawhai mō ētahi momo kutu e 400 neke atu, ka mutu kua whakarārangihia, kua tautuhia ēnei ki te pukapuka nei. Ko te nuinga e piri ana ki te manu moana, ki te manu tahatika, ngā manu e tāwhai ana ki ngā moana o te ao. Arā anō ētahi momo kutu ka piri noa ki ngā manu whenua o Aotearoa, ngā manu pērā i te kiwi, i te kākā, i te kūkū me ētahi manu noho pae. I te mea ka kitea noatia te nuinga o ngā momo kutu i tētahi momo kaiatawhai kotahi, i ētahi kaiatawhai rānei e noho whanaunga tata ana, ka taea te tautuhi te kaiatawhai mā te tautuhi i te kutu. Ehara i te mea me āta mātai te kaiatawhai. E whakamahia ana tēnei āhuatanga ki te tautuhi i ngā toenga tinana manu ka kitea i tātahi, i ngā huarahi, i te ngahere rānei.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera), with an Overview of the Geographical Distribution of Chewing Lice Parasitizing Chicken
    European Journal of Taxonomy 685: 1–36 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.685 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Gustafsson D.R. & Zou F. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:151B5FE7-614C-459C-8632-F8AC8E248F72 Gallancyra gen. nov. (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera), with an overview of the geographical distribution of chewing lice parasitizing chicken Daniel R. GUSTAFSSON 1,* & Fasheng ZOU 2 1 Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Xingang West Road 105, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China. 2 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong, China. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:8D918E7D-07D5-49F4-A8D2-85682F00200C 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A0E4F4A7-CF40-4524-AAAE-60D0AD845479 Abstract. The geographical range of the typically host-specific species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) is often assumed to be similar to that of their hosts. We tested this assumption by reviewing the published records of twelve species of chewing lice parasitizing wild and domestic chicken, one of few bird species that occurs globally. We found that of the twelve species reviewed, eight appear to occur throughout the range of the host. This includes all the species considered to be native to wild chicken, except Oxylipeurus dentatus (Sugimoto, 1934). This species has only been reported from the native range of wild chicken in Southeast Asia and from parts of Central America and the Caribbean, where the host is introduced.
    [Show full text]
  • Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Peruvian Ovenbirds (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
    PROC. ENTOMOL. soc. WASH. 97(4), 1995, pp. 839-844 A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA: PHILOPTERIDAE) FROM PERUVIAN OVENBIRDS (PASSERIFORMES: FURNARIIDAE) ROGER D. PRICE AND DALE H. CLAYTON (RDP) Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 (Current address) 4622 Kinkead Avenue, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72903; (DHC) Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3PS, England. Abstract.-The new genus Furnariphilus is described to include three new species from Peruvian hosts within the passerine family Fumariidae, subfamily Fumariinae: F. pagei, the type species of the genus, from Furnarius leucopus Swainson; F. griffithsi from Sclerurus mexican us Sclater; and F. parkeri from Sclerurus caudacutus (Vieillot). Key Words: Ectoparasites, Peru, Furnariphilus, Fumariinae, Bird Clayton et aL (1992) published a survey first time they are used. Host classification of chewing lice collected in 1985 from a follows that of Sibley and Monroe (1990). wide array of Peruvian bird taxa. During Holotypes of the new species will be de­ this project, a number of undescribed louse posited in The Field Museum (Chicago) taxa were collected from hosts in the parv­ and paratypes, as numbers allow, will be orders Thamnophilida and Fumariida (Pas­ located in the collections of that museum seriformes). These taxa included a new spe­ and those of the National Museum of Nat­ cies placed by Price and Clayton (1989) in ural History (Washington, D.C.), Oklahoma a new genus of Menoponidae, Kaysius. and State University (Stillwater), and the Uni­ seven new species described by Price and versity of Minnesota (St. Paul).
    [Show full text]
  • Associations Betw Associations Between Chewing Lice (Insecta, Een
    Associations between chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) and albatrosses and petrels (Aves, Procellariiformes) collected in Brazil Michel P. Valim 1; Marcos A. Raposo 2 & Nicolau M. Serra-Freire 1 1 Laboratório de Ixodides, Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Setor de Ornitologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. ABSTRACT. Chewing lice were searched on 197 skins of 28 species of procellariiform birds collected in Brazil. A total of 38 species of lice were found on 112 skins belonging to 22 bird species. The lice were slide-mounted and identified. A list of lice species found and their host species is given and some host-louse associations are discussed under an evolutionary perspective. KEY WORDS. Amblycera; ectoparasites; host-parasite relationship; Ischnocera. RESUMO. Associações entre malófagos (Insecta(Insecta, Phthiraptera) e albatrozes e petréis (Aveses, Procellariiformes) capturados no Brasil. Malófagos foram procurados em 197 peles de 28 espécies de aves Procellariiformes capturadas no Brasil. Um total de 38 espécies de piolhos foram encontradas em 112 peles pertencentes a 22 espécies de aves. Os piolhos foram montados em lâminas e identificados. Uma lista com as espécies de piolhos encontradas e seus hospedeiros é dada, além de algumas associações entre os piolhos e as aves serem discutidas sob uma perspectiva evolutiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Amblycera; ectoparasitos; Ischnocera; relação parasito-hospedeiro. Albatrosses and petrels are primarily oceanic birds, rep- Most of our knowledge about Brazilian bird lice is based resenting almost the half of the bird biodiversity of the world on the work of Lindolpho Rocha Guimarães (1908-1998) who oceans, a habitat where the avifaunal diversity is considerably published many papers between 1936 and 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Chewing Lice of Genus Ricinus (Phthiraptera, Ricinidae) Deposited
    Parasite 2016, 23,7 Ó M. Valan et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016007 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EDC87FF9–2C01–42E4–A1B7–A5F0377A0DDF Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Chewing lice of genus Ricinus (Phthiraptera, Ricinidae) deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, with description of a new species Miroslav Valan*, Oldrich Sychra, and Ivan Literak Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic Received 6 August 2015, Accepted 31 January 2016, Published online 22 February 2016 Abstract – We revised a collection of chewing lice deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia. We studied 60 slides with 107 specimens of 10 species of the genus Ricinus (De Geer, 1778). The collection includes lectotype specimens of Ricinus ivanovi Blagoveshtchensky, 1951 and of Ricinus tugarinovi Blagoveshtchensky, 1951. We registered Ricinus elongatus Olfers, 1816 ex Turdus ruficollis, R. ivanovi ex Leucosticte tephrocotis and Ricinus serratus (Durrant, 1906) ex Calandrella acutirostris and Calandrel- la cheleensis which were not included in Price’s world checklist. New records for Russia are R. elongatus ex Turdus ruficollis; Ricinus fringillae De Geer, 1778 ex Emberiza aureola, Emberiza leucocephalos, Emberiza rustica, Passer montanus and Prunella modularis; Ricinus rubeculae De Geer, 1778 ex Erithacus rubecula and Luscinia svecica; Ricinus serratus (Durrant, 1906) ex Alauda arvensis. New records for Kyrgyzstan are R. fringillae ex E. leucocephalos and ex Fringilla coelebs.
    [Show full text]
  • Türleri Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera)
    Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg RESEARCH ARTICLE 17 (5): 787-794, 2011 DOI:10.9775/kvfd.2011.4469 Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) Found on Wild Birds in Turkey Bilal DİK * Elif ERDOĞDU YAMAÇ ** Uğur USLU * * Selçuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology, Alaeddin Keykubat Kampusü, TR-42075 Konya - TURKEY ** Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TR-26470 Eskişehir - TURKEY Makale Kodu (Article Code): KVFD-2011-4469 Summary This study was performed to detect chewing lice on some birds investigated in Eskişehir and Konya provinces in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey between 2008 and 2010 years. For this aim, 31 bird specimens belonging to 23 bird species which were injured or died were examined for the louse infestation. Firstly, the feathers of each bird were inspected macroscopically, all observed louse specimens were collected and then the examined birds were treated with a synthetic pyrethroid spray (Biyo avispray-Biyoteknik®). The collected lice were placed into the tubes with 70% alcohol and mounted on slides with Canada balsam after being cleared in KOH 10%. Then the collected chewing lice were identified under the light microscobe. Eleven out of totally 31 (35.48%) birds were found to be infested with at least one chewing louse species. Eighteen lice species were found belonging to 16 genera on infested birds. Thirteen of 18 lice species; Actornithophilus piceus piceus (Denny, 1842); Anaticola phoenicopteri (Coincide, 1859); Anatoecus pygaspis (Nitzsch, 1866); Colpocephalum heterosoma Piaget, 1880; C. polonum Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1971; Fulicoffula lurida (Nitzsch, 1818); Incidifrons fulicia (Linnaeus, 1758); Meromenopon meropis Clay ve Meinertzhagen, 1941; Meropoecus meropis (Denny, 1842); Pseudomenopon pilosum (Scopoli, 1763); Rallicola fulicia (Denny, 1842); Saemundssonia lari Fabricius, O, 1780), and Trinoton femoratum Piaget, 1889 have been recorded from Turkey for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying British Insects and Arachnids: an Annotated Bibliography of Key Works Edited by Peter C
    Cambridge University Press 0521632412 - Identifying British Insects and Arachnids: An Annotated Bibliography of Key Works Edited by Peter C. Barnard Index More information Index This index includes all the higher taxonomic categories mentioned in the book, from orders down to families, but page numbers are given only for the main occurrences of those names. It therefore also acts as a complete alphabetic list of the higher taxa of British insects and arachnids (except for the numerous families of mites). Acalyptratae 173, 188 Anyphaenidae 327 Acanthosomatidae 55 Aphelinidae 198, 293, 308 Acari 320, 330 Aphelocheiridae 55 Acartophthalmidae 173, 191 Aphididae 56, 62 Acerentomidae 23 Aphidoidea 56, 61 Acrididae 39 Aphrophoridae 56 Acroceridae 172, 180, 181 Apidae 198, 217 Aculeata 197, 206 Apioninae 83, 134 Adelgidae 56, 62, 64 Apocrita 197, 198, 206, 227 Adelidae 146 Apoidea 198, 214 Adephaga 82, 91 Arachnida 320 Aderidae 83, 126, 127 Aradidae 55 Aeolothripidae 52 Araneae 320, 326 Aepophilidae 55 Araneidae 327 Aeshnidae 31 Araneomorphae 327 Agelenidae 327 Archaeognatha 21, 25, 26 Agromyzidae 173, 188, 193 Arctiidae 146, 162 Alexiidae 83 Argidae 197, 201 Aleyrodidae 56, 67, 68 Argyronetidae 327 Aleyrodoidea 56, 66 Arthropleona 22 Alucitidae 146 Aschiza 173, 184 Alucitoidea 146 Asilidae 172, 180, 181, 182 Alydidae 55, 58 Asiloidea 172, 181 Amaurobiidae 327 Asilomorpha 172, 180, 182 Amblycera 48 Asteiidae 173, 189 Anisolabiidae 41 Asterolecaniidae 56, 70 Anisopodidae 172, 175, 177 Atelestidae 172, 183, 185 Anisopodoidea 172 Athericidae 172, 181 Anisoptera 31 Attelabidae 83, 134 Anobiidae 82, 119 Atypidae 327 Anoplura 48 Auchenorrhyncha 54, 55, 59 Anthicidae 83, 90, 126 Aulacidae 198, 228 Anthocoridae 55, 57, 58 Aulacigastridae 173, 192 Anthomyiidae 173, 174, 186, 187 Anthomyzidae 173, 188 Baetidae 28 Anthribidae 83, 88, 133, 134 Beraeidae 142 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521632412 - Identifying British Insects and Arachnids: An Annotated Bibliography of Key Works Edited by Peter C.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Extinct and Critically Co-Endangered Species of Parasitic Lice, and Conservation-Induced Extinction: Should Lice Be Reintroduced to Their Hosts?
    Short Communication Co-extinct and critically co-endangered species of parasitic lice, and conservation-induced extinction: should lice be reintroduced to their hosts? L AJOS R ÓZSA and Z OLTÁN V AS Abstract The co-extinction of parasitic taxa and their host These problems highlight the need to develop reliable species is considered a common phenomenon in the current taxonomical knowledge about threatened and extinct global extinction crisis. However, information about the parasites. Although the co-extinction of host-specific conservation status of parasitic taxa is scarce. We present a dependent taxa (mutualists and parasites) and their hosts global list of co-extinct and critically co-endangered is known to be a feature of the ongoing wave of global parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), based on published data on extinctions (Stork & Lyal, 1993; Koh et al., 2004; Dunn et al., their host-specificity and their hosts’ conservation status 2009), the magnitude of this threat is difficult to assess. according to the IUCN Red List. We list six co-extinct Published lists of threatened animal parasites only cover and 40 (possibly 41) critically co-endangered species. ixodid ticks (Durden & Keirans, 1996; Mihalca et al., 2011), Additionally, we recognize 2–4 species that went extinct oestrid flies (Colwell et al., 2009), helminths of Brazilian as a result of conservation efforts to save their hosts. vertebrates (Muñiz-Pereira et al., 2009) and New Zealand Conservationists should consider preserving host-specific mites and lice (Buckley et al., 2012). Our aim here is to lice as part of their efforts to save species. provide a critical overview of the conservation status of parasitic lice.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Infesting Rock Pigeons and Mourning Doves (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Manitoba, with New Records for North America and Canada
    208 Serendipity with chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting rock pigeons and mourning doves (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Manitoba, with new records for North America and Canada Terry D. Galloway1 Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 Ricardo L. Palma Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand Abstract—An extensive survey of chewing lice from rock pigeon, Columba livia Gmelin, and mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (L.), carried out from 1994 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2006 in Manitoba, Canada, produced the following new records: Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro for North America; Columbicola macrourae (Wilson), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget), H. paladinella Hill and Tuff, and Physconelloides zenaidurae (McGregor) for Canada; and Bonomiella columbae Emerson, Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola baculoides (Paine), and C. columbae (L.) for Manitoba. We collected 25 418 lice of four species (C. compar, C. columbae, H. lata, and C. tovornikae) from 322 rock pigeons. The overall prevalence of infestation was 78.9%, 52.5%, and 23.3% for C. compar, C. columbae, and H. lata, respectively. Coloceras tovornikae was not discovered until 2003, after which its prevalence was 39.9% on 114 pigeons. We col- lected 1116 lice of five species (P. zenaidurae, C. baculoides, C. macrourae, H. paladinella, and B. columbae) from 117 mourning doves. Physconelloides zenaidurae was encountered most often (prevalence was 36.7%), while the prevalence of the other four species was 26.3%, 18.4%, 3.5%, and 2.6%, respectively. Galloway218 and Palma Résumé—Une étude approfondie de poux mâcheurs sur des pigeons bisets, Colomba livia Gme- lin, et des tourterelles tristes, Zenaida macroura (L.), effectuée de 1994 à 2000 et de 2003 à 2006 au Manitoba, Canada, a produit les nouvelles mentions suivantes : Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro pour l’Amérique du Nord; Columbicola macrourae (Wilson), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget), H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mallophaga of New England Birds James Edward Keirans Jr
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1966 THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS JAMES EDWARD KEIRANS JR. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation KEIRANS, JAMES EDWARD JR., "THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS" (1966). Doctoral Dissertations. 834. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/834 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67—163 KEIRANS, Jr., James Edward, 1935— THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS. University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1966 E n tom ology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS BY JAMES E.° KEIRANS, -TK - A. B,, Boston University, i960 A. M., Boston University, 19^3 A THESIS Submitted to The University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Zoology June, 1966 This thesis has been examined and approved. May 12i 1966 Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my thanks to Dr. James G. Conklin, Chairman, Department of Entomology and chairman of my doctoral committee, for his guidance during the course of these studies and for permission to use the facilities of the Entomology Department. My grateful thanks go to Dr. Robert L.
    [Show full text]
  • (Trematoda; Cestoda; Nematoda) Geographic Records from Three Species of Owls (Strigiformes) in Southeastern Oklahoma Chris T
    92 New Ectoparasite (Diptera; Phthiraptera) and Helminth (Trematoda; Cestoda; Nematoda) Geographic Records from Three Species of Owls (Strigiformes) in Southeastern Oklahoma Chris T. McAllister Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 John M. Kinsella HelmWest Laboratory, 2108 Hilda Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801 Lance A. Durden Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458 Will K. Reeves Colorado State University, C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Fort Collins, CO 80521 Abstract: We are just now beginning to learn about the ectoparasites and helminth parasites of some owls of Oklahoma. Some recent contributions from our lab have attempted to help fill a previous void in that information. Here, we report, four taxa of ectoparasites and five helminth parasites from three species of owls in Oklahoma. They include two species of chewing lice (Strigiphilus syrnii and Kurodeia magna), two species of hippoboscid flies (Icosta americana and Ornithoica vicina), a trematode (Strigea elegans) and a cestode (Paruterina candelabraria) from barred owls (Strix varia), and three nematodes, Porrocaecum depressum from an eastern screech owl (Megascops asio), Capillaria sp. eggs from S. varia, and Capillaria tenuissima from a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus). With the exception of Capillaria sp. eggs and I. americana, all represent new state records for Oklahoma and extend our knowledge of the parasitic biota of owls of the state. to opportunistically examine raptors from the Introduction state and document new geographic records for their parasites in Oklahoma. Over 455 species of birds have been reported Methods from Oklahoma and several are species of raptors or birds of prey that make up an important Between January 2018 and September 2019, portion of the avian fauna of the state (Sutton three owls were found dead on the road in 1967; Baumgartner and Baumgartner 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Mallophaga) from Birds in New Zealand
    A LIST OF THE CHEWING LICE (INSECTA: MALLOPHAGA) FROM BIRDS IN NEW ZEALAND R.L.C. PILGRIM Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand and R.L. PALMA National Museum of New Zealand Wellington, New Zealand Jointly published as SUPPLEMENT TO NOTORNIS VOLUME 29 and NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NEW ZEALAND MISCELLANEOUS SERIES No. 6 by Ornithological Society of New Zealand and National Museum of New Zealand SEPTEMBER 1982 A LIST OF THE CHEWING LICE (INSECTA: MALLOPHAGA) FROM BIRDS IN NEW ZEALAND By R. L. C. PILGRIM and R. L. PALMA ABSTRACT Authenticated records of chewing (feather) lice, largely from unpub- lished observations, are listed from birds in the New Zealand zoogeo- graphic subregion, including the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. From a total of 388 host taxa (including 38 introductions), lice are reported from 250 hosts (including 27 introductions). These records comprise 267 lice species and subspecies; a further 138 recordsare listed at generic level only, but a11 these do not necessarily represent separate species. Although some bird groups have been collected from frequently, there are many gaps in our knowledge, even for thesehosts. With someorders (e.g. Passeriformes) and families of birds, little or no attention has been paid to their ectopara- sites. An appeal is made for assistance in building up collections. INTRODUCTION The New Zealand bird fauna is broadly characterised by the endemic order Aptervgiforrnes and, in comparison with other faunas, the exceptionally high proportion of tasa in the orders Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes and in the family Phalacrotoracidae (Pelecaniformes) (Pilgrim, 1980). Since the genera of chewing (feather) lice are, in general terms, associated with particular groups of hosts, the louse fauna shows correspondingly a disproportionate representation of lice on the foregoing host groups.
    [Show full text]