1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS~ 5209 Leslie Dean High And be not conformed to this 'world; The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ I an Edward Holland but be ye transformed by the renewing lows: Archibald Barwell How 2d R ichard Bernard Humbert of your mind, that ye may prove what is R esolved, That the further expens~ s U.L J ames Patrick Hynes that good, and acceptable, and perfect, conducting the studies and investigation David Jenkins will of God. · authorized by House Resolution 5 of the pres­ Bruce Clifford Johnson ent Congress, incurred by the standing Com­ Robert Wayne Johnson Let us pray: Almighty God, unto whom mittee on Un-American Activities, acting as Frederick Steffe~ Kelsey all hearts are open, all desires known, a whole or by subcommittee, not to exceed William Joseph Kirkley and from whom no secrets are hid, $75,000, In addition to funds heretof.ore m ade R obert Charles Krulish available including expenditures for the Em­ cleanse the thoughts of our hearts by the ployment of experts, ::nd clerical, steno­ R obert Allison Lee inspiration of Thy holy will that we may Mich ael Bea uregard Lemly graphic, and other assistants, shall be paid R udolph Edwin Lenczyk perfectly love Thee and worthily magnify out of the contingent fund of the House on Glen n Milton Loboudger Thy holy name. Through Jesus Christ vouchers authorized by such committee, James Hect or MacDonald our Lord. Amen. signed by the chairman thereof, and ap- Charles Scott Marple .- proved by the Committee on Accounts. Charles Madison Mayes The Journal of the proceedings of SEc. 2. The official committee reporters Donald Joseph McCann yesterday was read and· approved. m ay be used at all hearings held in the Dis­ trict of Columbia unless otherwise officially Alfred Edwin McKenney, Jr. CALL OF THE HOUSE John Hanson Kennard Miner engaged. Walter Bishop Murfin Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I The SPEAKER. The gentleman from John Egbert Van Alen Murray make a point of order that a quorum is Alabama is recognized for 1 hour. Milton Ray Neuman not present. Elliott Northcott 2d Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, as you William Merryman Page, Jr. The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum know, our colleague the gentleman from Frank Eldon Parker · is not present. Missouri fMr. CocHRAN] has been very Robert Donald Parkhurst . Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina. ill for some time and I have been acting Robert Arthur Patrick Mr. Speaker, I move a call of'the House. chairman of the Committee on Accounts. David Eaton Perkins Warren Sawyer Petterson A call of the House was ordered. The gentleman from ' Georgia [Mr. William Comfort Pinder, Jr. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ WoonJ and his group on un-Americai1 Thomas William Powers lowing Members failed to answer to their activities have asked the Committee on Wilfred Francis Raes names: Accounts for the money provided in this Dan Rayacich [Roll No. 122] resolution to continue their investiga­ George Francis Rodgers tions. R::mdolph Ross, Jr. Adams Gore Plumley Arthur William ,Rouzie Andrews, N. Y. Graham Powell _ They gave us some information that I Baldwin, Md. Gra;nger Rains Just hate even to mention here about the Edward Peter Rutken Barden Douglas Cargill Ryan Gwinn,N. Y. Reece, Tenn. things that are going on right here under Barrett, Pa. Hall, Rich · George Thomas Sain, Jr. Bell Leonard W. Robertson, the Capitol dome. John Bean Saunders, Jr. Bender Harris N. Dak. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, will the Wilmer Schweinsberg, Jr. Blackney Hart Robertson, Va. gentleman yield 'tor a question? John Henry Sharp Bland Hartley Robinson, Utah Herbert Henry Sharpe, Jr. Bonner Hebert Rodgers, Pa. Mr. BOYKIN. With pleasure. Boren · Heffernan Roe,Md. Mr. TABER. I have in my hand, just Robert William Smith Brumbaugh Charles Hudson Steele Hendricks Roe, N.Y. to show the seriousness of this situation, Buckley HinEhaw R:>oney John Wesley Steffey Byrne, N. Y. Hoch Russell a pamphlet entitled "The International Shirl Joseph Stephany Cannon, Fla. Holmes, Mass. Sa bath Film Fcundaticn, Inc.," announcing an James Paul Stewart Carlson Holmes, Wash. Sadowski initial showing of eight communistic pic­ James Howard Swint .case, N.J. Horan Sheppard tures. Down at the bottom of the back Alfred John Tatman Celler Huber Short Glenn Raymond Taylor Clark Jarman Simpson, Pa. page there is the statement: David Harry Thomas _ Clason Jenkins Somers, N.Y. - All inquiries regarding any of these Gov­ Thomas Cartwright Thompson Cochran Johnson, Ind. Starkey ernment films should be addressed to Mr. William Francis Tighe, Jr. Cole,N. Y. Judd Stewart Luther Evans, Librarian of Congress, Wash­ Combs Kee Stigler Richard Morse Underwood, Jr. Courtney Kelly, Ill. ington, D. C. Otto Francis Unsinn Sumner, Ill. Curley Kinzer Sundstrom That astounds me. Emil Miroslav Valehrach De Lacy Kirwan Taylor Donald Ray Vaughn Dzlaney, Knutson Thorn · Mr. BOYKIN. I thank the gentleman. Richard Theodore Wagner · James J. Kunkel • Thomas, N.J. Had the gentleman heard some of the in­ John Leland Wright D'Ewart LaFollette Tolan formation that was given when we had IN THE NAVY Domengeaux Larcaae Torrens Eberharter Lea Towe this hearing he would be even more as­ The nominations of James T. Brewer et al., Elliott LeCompte Traynor tounded. For instance, one Member of for appointment in the Navy, which were re­ Engle, Calif. Luce Walter - Congress came in with a list stating that ceived by the Senate on May 13, 1946, and Ervin Lynch Wasielewski there were 70,000 Comm·.mist members which appear in full in the Senate proceed­ Forand Mankin Weaver in this country, had their names in ac­ ings Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for that Fulton Monroney Welch date, under the caption "Nominations," be­ Gamble Morgan West tive clubs, and that there were 500,000 Norton White ginning on page 4916 with the name of James hardner fellow travelers, and 150,000 underground Gavin O'Brien, Mich. Winter workers all working to change this f.o-rm T. Brewer, and ending on page 4919, with the Gearhart Patman Wolfenden, Pa. name of Edwin T. Ziolkowski. Gerlach Patrick Wood of government and to overthrow this Gifford Patterson Government. Gillette Pfeifer I yield to the gentleman from Missis­ The SPEAKER. On this roll call, 302 sippi. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Membei:s have answered_to their names; Mr. RANKIN. I just want to say in a quorum is present. re_nly to the gentleman from New York .._ FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1946 By unanimous consent, further pro­ that what- we should do is to clean house ceedings under the call were dispensed and fumigate, get all· these un-Americans The House met .at 11 o'clock a. m. with. - off the Federal pay roll and off the State The Chaplain, Rev. · James Shera pay. rolls and off the county pay rolls, Montgomery, D. D., offered the following COMMITTEE ON UN -AMERICAN and let these boys who fought this war prayer: ACTIVITIES understand that we are going to save I beseech you therefore, brethren, by Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, by direc­ the Government they fought for. the mercies of God, that ye present your tion of the Committee on Accounts, I Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, bodies a living sacrifice, holy, 'acceptable submit a privileged resolution (H. Res. will the gentleman yield? unto God, which is your reasonable 624) and ask for its immediate consider­ , Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- service. ation. man from Ohio. · 5210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 Mr. SMITH of Ohio. I should like to raise $'5,000 to send down into my dis- us to swear to uphold and defend the call the attention of the House to the trict to defeat me for reelection ta the . Constitution of the United States against fact that one of the appropriation bills Congress. all enemies, both' foreign and domestic. coming up today carries an item for the Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I now Library of Congress to put the films out the gentleman yield? yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from to the public the gentleman from New Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- Tilinois [Mr. ALLEN], the ranking minor­ York [Mr. TABER] spoke of. In other man from Michigan. ity member of the committee, and reserve words, this appropriation will go for the Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, the the balance of my time. - purpose nf propaganda- Communist question has been raised how much Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Sptaker, I propaganda. We want to defeat that money has been spent by the Dies com- yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from appropriation today. It is as necessary mittee and the present committee. We Texas [Mr. SUMNERS]. to do that as it is to vote this sum for are either wrong or we are right in this Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Speak­ the continuation of the Committee on program. If we are right, what differ- er, we in America do not have a :fool­ Un-American Activities. ence does it make how much we spend proof, self-perpetuating system of gov- Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, 'will the provided it is spent in a judicious and · ~ ernment. We do not have here a system gentleman yield? nonextravagant manner? This, I as- of government which is suitable to all Mr. BOYKIN. I yield. · sume, is for the preservation of the Gov- peoples. We do have that system which Mr. CELLER. Will the gentlel}lan ernment of the United States. The until comparativ~ly recently has been the tell the Members how much money has money is being spent under the direction ideal, the dream of the liberty-loving and been spent heretofore by the present of the Members of this body. We are liberty-longing peoples of the world. We Wood-Rankin committee as well as the proposing to give practically three and have declared ourselves to be the asylum Dies committee? three-quarter billion dollars to a certain of the oppressed peoples of all the earth. Mr. BOYKIN. I do not have that in- other country in the name of national We have in good faith and charity formation here. I will be glad to get it defense. I refer to the British loan. If opened our doors to many people, but for the gentleman. We did not go into it is right to preserve this country some people who have come to this coun­ that. through the avenue of the British loan, try have abused the courtesies extended Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. M.r. why is it not right to preserve this coun- by attempting to destroy our Govern- Speaker, will the gentleman yield? try through this avenue, even if it costs ment, the sort of Government we have Mr. BOYKIN. I yield. a billion dollars? established, the blessing of which they Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I be- Mr. BOYKIN. I thank the gentleman. have been invited to share. They are lieve we ought to apply the old saying: Mr. O~HARA. Mr. Speaker, will the trying to establish in this country the "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty," gentleman yield? sort of government from which they fled. and keep on spending money for the pur- Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- They have found allies in this country. pose of keeping our country free of Com- man from Minnesota. We want to know who they are and munists. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, in con- where they are, and what they are doing. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the nection with the remarks just made by The sort of government that we are try- gentleman yield? · the gentleman from Michigan as to ing to run-and I am not speaking ra- Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- whether we are right or wrong in this cially-is the Anglo-Saxon sort of- gov..: man from Michigan. matter, may I call the gentleman's at- ernment. Our people have been trying Mr. DONDERO. It is the only com- tentio.n to the fact that part of our oath to run this sort of government for nearly mittee of the House of RepresentativeS as Members of Congress is to uphold and 2,000 years in these historic times. We to which a Member can refer petitions defend the Constitution of the United are getting fed up with these people who and resolutions by groups which have states. Does not the gentleman think are not willing to help with what we are . high-sounding names. A week ago Sat- that this committee is therefore an es- trying to do. Many of them came from urday my home at Royal Oak, Mich., was sential arm of this Congress in connec- countries where for centuries and ceo­ picketed by a group that called them- tion with our oath of office? turies the government has operated from selves the American Veterans' Commit- ·Mr. BOYKIN. I thank the gentleman. the top downward. The people have tee. I referred the matter to this com- I ·think we have some o( the most out- been governed.- The idea of a people gov­ mittee. They report back to me that standing men not only in Congress but erning or that a people can govern has you do not even have to be a veteran to the entire world on this committee. · no practical recognition in their ideology, belong to that organization. Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, will the· · or in their experience, or in tbeir obser- . Mr. BOYKIN. I thank the gentleman. gentleman yield? vation. Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, will the will the gentleman yield? man from New York. gentleman yield? · Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- Mr. BARRY. Will the gentleman in- Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield to the man from New York. form the House ·how many members gentleman from Washington. Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, there are on the so-called Wood-Rankin Mr. COFFEE. The gentleman said I want to call the attention of the Mem- committee? that there were certain people from for- bers of the House to a fact, because all Mr. RANKIN. Nine. eign countries who came over here for - the Members are concerned with it, or Mr. BARRY. I want to bring out, and refuge from their country and then pro- practically all of them. That is that I think it should be brought out· that ceed to attempt to establish the same these radical communistic organizations there are nine members on the commit- form of government as that which pre­ seeking to overthrow the Government tee and that the gentleman from Missis- vailed in the country from which they are working, of course surreptitiously, sippi [Mr. RANKIN] has only one vote on fi~d. Why should they flee from the for­ getting veteran candidates into the field that committee, because the mail and ./ eign government? and running them for Congress, while press reports would indicate that the Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. This is my the un-American agencies furnish the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RAN- idea exactly:· If they do not like the sort money and keep in the background, un- KIN] and the gentleman from Georgia of government, why did they come here? der cover. That is going on all over the [Mr. WooD] are the controlling Members We like it. It is not ·perfect. It needs a country, as many of you men now know. of the entire committee. lot of things done to it. It needs most The legions are f9r this resolution, and - Mr. WOODRUFF. Mr. Speaker, will a lot of things undone. to it. It is what so am I. the gentleman yield? · we have had for many centuries. We Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speal{er, will the Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- have the right and the duty to defend it, gentleman yield? man from Michigan. and if they will not help us here I am Mr. BOYKIN. I yield to the gentle- Mr. WOODRUFF. In connection with in favor of helping them to flee back man from Mississippi. the oath of office that we as Members where they came from. We have com- Mr. RANKIN. In line with what the of the House take, I may say that the mitted ourselves to one sort of govern­ gentleman from New York has just reference made to that by the gentle- ment. That does not mean that our sort stated, I hold in my hand a letter writ- man from Minnesota did not put the of government is the best government ten to a man and his wife in New York cracker on the end of the whip.· As a for every people. To say that a people by a communistic group asking them to matter of fact, our oath of offic~ _ ~_!OP_els !_!l_o_h~e ·been governed by a king or 194Q CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE 5211 held for centuries in a totalitarian gov­ ter, and one of our -jobs is to discover fend itself against its enemies and it will ernment can operate as a democracy by what is going on in this ·country. If not be the last time. A great student ratifying the contents of a document democracy survives in the world, it must once said that eternal vigilance is the purporting to be the constitution of a demonstrate again its superiority as well price of liberty. There was never a. democracy is absurd. The road by which as its ability to defend itself against its truer saying. If danger cannot attack nations of people can reach fitness for enemies, foreign and domestic. It is my from without it attacks from within. free government is a long one. Many judgment we should be careful in our This proposed appropriation is an indi­ people have borrowed our Constitution, expressions. It is not a question as to cation that those who believe in·our sort · but none of the borrowers have been able ·what sort of government is best for all of government are not entirely unvigi­ to operate a government under it because peoples. It is a matter of allowing each lant. it was to them only a document. It was people to work out their. own problems, In our form of government it is the not rooted in their governmental con­ advising them if they want our advice, people who govern, at least we have a. cepts. · It was not fixed in their govern­ and in any way we can, giving them governmental set-up which makes that mental instincts. I admit that there is the benefit of our long experience in sort of government possible. By its na­ much for us to do to bring our policy self-government if they want it. But ture, it operates from the people upward. · into harmony with our Constitution, but · we do not want to be interfered with They have the power to shape its policy. . our route is not back toward a system of either by any subversive gangs or move­ They have the power and speak the voice man government. The centuries of suc­ ments. We know they are operating in of government. That is not true in a. cessful resistance to the natural down­ our country. We want to know who they totalitarian system of government. A hill tendency in that direction has are, what they are doing. That is what totalitarian government operates from ·strengthened our people and fitted them this appropriation is for. the top down, and that is the sort of thing for the duties of self-government. I yield at this point for any question that many people seem to be busy trying This criticizing the Russian system of ·that any of you Members want to ask me. to establish in this country, a govern­ government for the Russian people and Mr. GEELAN. I would like to have the ment dominant, a people regimented, insisting on the superiority of our sys­ gentleman define what is an Anglo-Saxon controlled, dependent. tem for them is not merely silly, but form of government. ' The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ hurtful and dangerous to the peace of · Mr. SUMNERS · of Texas. The basic tleman from Texas lias expired. the world. It is very foolish for us to philosophy of the Anglo-Saxon form of Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, imagine that the Russian people, re­ government is this: It is an association I yield the gentleman three additional cently .released from serfdom and doubt­ of private people engaged in a common minutes. less making progress toward self-gov­ · enterprise of governing · themselves. It Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, will the ernment, can now operate the sort of is diametrically opposed to a totalitarian gentleman yield? government that we have been centuries government, a government which oper­ Mr. SUMNER·s of Texas. I yield to learning how to operate, building up ates from the top downward. Great the gentleman from New York. capacity to operate. Their sort of gov­ groups of controlled voters do not fit into Mr. CELLER. Committees of Con­ ernment is probably the best sort of gov­ its philosophy either. gress are supposed to make recommenda-. ernment for them, but that does not Mr. GEELAN. I would like to know if tions which will be implemented by legis­ mean it is the best sort for the majority the Anglo-Saxon form of government was lation. Can the gentleman point out a. of the people of this country. How long in existence in England prior to the single bill that has been passed by this do you think people who believe in the establishment of Parliament. House as the result of the recommenda­ Anglo-Saxon sort of government would Mr·. SUMNERS of Texas. Yes; it was tion of either the Dies committee or the last in Russia now if they were doing brought there in the fifth and sixth cen­ Wood-Rankin committee? in Russia what the people who believe in turies from Germany by the Angles, the Russian philosophy of government Saxons, and Jutes. In the local govern­ Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I do not are doing in this country today? They ment of the cities and boroughs and want to go into that detail now. What are doing a lot of it under cover. The shires it functioned with the rudiments we propose to do is to have some com­ thing which we of the world have got to of a national constitution which limited mittee of this :aouse, vigilant and on do, if we want to get along, is to let -the power of the King and his lords who the firing line, and watching what these the other people operate the sort of gov­ constituted the central government. people are doing in this country, and ernment that they believe in and are Mr. GEELAN. Does the gentleman call disclosing their discoveries to the people capable of operating. That goes for us that a democratic government? of this democracy, who are its govern­ as well as for the other fellow. Let ex­ Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Never mind ment. There is no excuse for anybody perience and demonstration of merit set­ about what I call it. I have answered pretending not to know what is being tle arguments among friendly rivals. the gentleman's question. The first pic­ attempted in America. It may be you . We believe in a government· by the ture we get of our system of govern­ agree that what they are· doing is right, . people. We believe in the sort of gov­ ment is given to us by Tacitus who wrote but you cannot, I believe, in good con­ ernment that we have been operating fn the first century. He _gives us a pic­ science say you do not know in a general for centuries and centuries. I do not be­ ture of our Germanic political ancestors. way what is going on, much of it under lieve in propagandizing other peoples or When a matter of government was to be cover. trying to force other peoples: The way attended to the tribe was assembled. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the to spread democracy is to demonstrate They were called to order. They sat gentleman yield? its vitality, its superiority, as the sort of down armed. A leader submitted the Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield to government under which people can have matter for their consideration. If the the gentleman from Illinois. liberty, opportunity, and happiness, people of the tribe approved, they brand­ Mr. SABATH. The gentleman is fair. where t.he individual citizenship speaks ished their weapons; if they disapproved Does he not believe this committee should the voice of government. While we have they murmured. There we see the place investigate all un-American and sub­ been running all over the world strutting of the leader and the place of the people versive activities, whether they are on our stuff as the champions of democracy with the people speaking the voice of the part of so-called Communists or in the world, we have been making government. Tacitus also says that the Fascists or any others, that tend to de­ leagues of political expediency with or­ leaders were influential as they had the stroy the unity or this country? ganized groups who are the declared power to persuade as distinguished from Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I agree with enemies of our democracy. But those the power to command. Of course, the - that. words in the Songs of Solomon, "They road of democra-tic progress has not been I go further. I believe we make a mis­ made me the keeper of the·vineyards but smooth. There have been many strug­ take in criticizing the government they mine own vineyard have I not kept," gles, many retrogression,_s, and many vic­ are operating in Russia as though it were challenge us to an examination of the tories. The whole history of democratic a mean and bad system, basically. It degree o:t: our vigilance. It is time we progress has been away from centralized may be the best system for those people. were doing some work in our own vine­ power and totalitarianism, the direction But is is not the sort of government we yard, ease up ~ bit in telling everybody in which tliese subversive elements would are trying to operate in this country. else what to do. as to their government, move us~ This is not the first time that That constitutes no basis for quarrel or and see to it that we do our own job bet- democracy has been called upon to' de- enmity. For centuries we have been 5212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 ) committed to a different sort of govern­ was much more valuable than to awaken call propaganda of the United States is ment. The obligation to ·be tolerant and this Nation .to the menace that existed. to send the information regarding our to concede freedom of choice and action, During these years these subversive-ac­ form of government abroad. The only does not extend to an organized effort tivity groups were not underground­ thing we are trying to do is to give the to destroy our Constitution by those who they were above ground. Their records information abroad of our form of gov­ shelter themselves under its protection were available, and the Dies committee ernment and try in some way to dispel while engaged in the work of its at­ did subpena and seize records of many of the lies they have been sending over here. tempted destruction. these organizations. As a result of that, Mr. MASON. I refuse to yield any fur­ Mr. SABATH. Is it not a fact that they compiled a card system of un­ ther because I claim that that is not the the people to whom the gentleman re­ American activities and of people en­ purpose the State Department has, and _ fers have proven themselves in the last gaged in un-American activities of more I claim that that can be done through war, and in the war before, to be pa­ than 1,000,000 separate indexed cards. regular, legitimate news agencies as it triotic and devoted to our fiag? Since Pearl Harbor, the FBI, the Secret has been done in the past. It is not nec­ ·Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. A lot of them Intelligence, the Naval Intelligence, and essary for the State Department to enter began to demonstrate their patriotism the Army Intelligence, have had repre­ into that propagandizing business. after Russia got on our side. When Rus­ sentatives combing those files daily for The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ sia was on the other side, it was quite evidence concerning these things and tleman from Illinois has again expired. different. But I do not want to get into have taken out from those files the in­ Mr. ALLEN of lllinois. Mr. Speaker, I a row with Russia. I think the Russian formation they needed and have gone yield 1 minute to the gentleman from people have the _ sort of government, out and arrested hundreds of people and New York [Mr. BLOOM]. probably, that is best for them. Let us put them behind bars, which the FBI Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I would not try to impose our ideology on them. could not have have done if the Dies like to inform the gentleman from Illi­ I believe ours is best, of course, but leave committee had not compiled those statis­ nois [Mr. MASON] and the Members that to them freedom of choice as to the di­ tics when they were available. That, to this is not propaganda, and the news rection in which they move. Let us run me, is the most important thing that the cannot be gotten out through the press our Government and let other people run Dies committee did. That was worth agencies. theirs. If that is· done, we can be good more than all the money paid for the op­ Only last Tuesday we had before the neighbors in a world of peace. erations of the Dies committee. Committee on Foreign Affairs several of Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, the most important editors of this coun­ will the gentleman yield? will the gentleman yield? try. They explained that that is not the Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield to the Mr. MASON. I yield to the gentleman way to inform the people of the world gentleman from New York. from Illinois. regarding our form of government. It Mr. MARCANTONIO. I hold in my Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. It should be cannot be done through the news, be­ hand a photograph from the United obvious to all that the great majority are cause they will not take it that way. The Press, The Fires of Hatred Blaze Again; opposed to any foreign country coming news only sends out certain things that Revival of the Ku Klux Klan. Can the over here and teaching their doctrines, the editors want to print. The editors gentleman tell us how much of this either by radio, bY libraries, or periodi­ are the ones who are to decide what they money this committee will use for the in­ cals, but still there is a bill now before print in their papers. vestigation of this organization? the Congress, reported by the Committee Now, you are talking about protecting Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. No; I cannot on Foreign Affairs, which would have your Government. Let us try to protect tell you how much they will use for the us go throughout the world into ·these it and be honest and fair about it. Ku KluX! Klan. I cannot tell you what foreign countries teaching our doctrines · The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- they will use anywhere. I am not in fa- · by radio, press, and through the libra­ tleman from New York has expired. · vor of the Ku Klux Klan, and I am not ries. I would like to have the gentleman Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield ·3 in favor of a lot of other clans we have tell me what he thinks about-the United minutes to the gentleman from New York in this country. States refusing to let them come over [Mr. O'TooLE]. Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I here and teaching their doctrines and Mr~ O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, like the yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from .still we want to go over there to teach gentleman from Texas, I too have a great lllinois CMr. MAsoN]. our doctrine. affection and respect for the Government Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I think The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ of the United States and its institutions. most of the Members of this House know tleman from · Illinois [Mr. MASON J has Because of that respect, I do not wish to that I served on the Dies committee the expired. see it made possible for a government by first 6 years it was organized. I need Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I inquisition to be either created, or con­ not recall to the Members of this House yield 2 minutes more to the gentleman tinued. I cannot see any group, includ­ the ridicule, the abuse, the obstacles, and from Illinois [Mr. MAsoN]. ing a committee of this House setting the handicaps that were heaped upon Mr. MASON. I will answer that in this itself up as a grand jury, district attor­ that committee during those years. I way: I am absplutely opposed to forcing ney, and judge. I do not wish to see any am proud of the service I rendered on our form of government or our ideals and committee of this House acting without that committee. I considered it a very principles upon any nation in any• way guaranteeing adequate freedom of ex­ high privilege and a responsibility to through this propaganda machine that pression to-those who are accused. I do serve on that committee. I resigned the State Department wants to set up. not desire that there be any committee from the committee about 2 years ago, I was so opposed to it that I opposed the in this House that will besmirch the largely because of ill health, and not be­ appropriation on the fioor and went on names of citizens of this country who are cause I was not in full sympathy with the radio and opposed it also. then denied the right 'of ample oppor­ the work of that committee. Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Could anyone tunity to prove their innocence. After a careful analysis, a considered be consistent and say that we should go I believe that this House, which is the analysis of the work that was accom­ throughout the world teaching our doc­ highest law-making body in the country plished by that first Un-American Activ­ trines, but that we want them to 'stop should be first to respect the fundamen­ ities Committee, usually called the Dies coming here and teacliil}.g their isms in tal rights guaranteed individuals by the committee, I call the attention of the this country? Constitution. Our committees have a House to the fact that that committee Mr. MASON. I cannot see how you can duty and an obligation not only -to the ·· did two things, one of which was to be consistent when you object to their House itself, but to the people of the awaken this Nation to the menace that propagandizing us if we are going to country to respect American institutions. was within its own borders. I think propagandize them. The right of a fair hearing, the right to that committee made the American peo­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, will the face one's accuser, the right to offer proof ple conscious at least of that menace. gentleman yield? and to issue denials are fundamentally That came· as a result of the publicity Mr. MASON. I yield. American, and are rights which must be that was given to the activities and the Mr. BLOOM. In fairness to the State retained. hearings of that committee. The second Department, what the Government is The primary question this afternoon thing the committee did, in my opinion; trying to do with reference to what you 1s whether or not this committee has re- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE 5213 - . ceived ample funds and whether it now Saxonism. Actually, he advocates a herring is constantly drawn across the. has a balance of sufficient size to con- type of totalitarianism although, very trail. tinue operation. I believe the commit- properly, he inveighs against all kinds of I loathe communism: I want no truck tee has more than ample funds. Let the totalitarianism. He demands that t:Qe with it. But freedom of speech and press committee come before the House and opinions of the people conform to his is too precious. It cannot be denied show positive results from the money ex-· opinion. He thus discourages free even·to a Communist. If the gentleman pended and not make mere accusations speech and free press, the very essence from Mississippi could deny freedom of without proof. Let them prove the guilt of Anglo-Saxonism, and encourages the press and speech to a Communist, the of those whom they accuse. It is not very opposite of Americanism. This door is open to deny such freedom to an American to besmirch or call names with- committee, the Wood-Rankin committee, anti-poll-tax advocate and then to op­ out proof. It is not fair and just to any and its predecessor committee have ponents of TVA, and finally to all who human being that they be branded caused no end of trouble, no end of em­ voice opposition to the gentleman from Communists and Fascists by a commit- barrassment to this very Congress, be­ Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] and his views. tee of this House and then nothing more cause those committees have caused A rascal like Gerald L. K. Smith is be done about it. trepidation in the hearts and minds of treated by the committee with tender Today will be a field da'Y for fanaticism. the people of the Nation, and fear to ex­ solicitude. He was able to use the com­ Let us· try to keep out of our debate press their own opinions; and you know, mittee as a forum to mouth at length · fanatical statements. The purpose of as well as I, that only on the anvil of free his fascist views. this resolution is to provide more funds discussion and f:ree opinion can we forg~ There is no satisfactory definition of for the Un-American Activities Commit- the truth. Maybe some of the members "un-American." The gentleman from tee. Let us stick to that discussion with- of this committee do not want the truth Mississippi calls anything and anyone out fanatical outbursts. If we stick to to be told. in disagreement with him and his views the issues and hear the· results that this I believe this $75,000 that will un­ un-American. He uses his definition of committee has achieved, I am sure that doubtedly be appropriated today will be "un-American" as a cloak to hide his own the House will agree with me that no just a waste of money as valueless as personal peeves and prejudice. . further funds should be provided. putting that money down a drain, as Thomas L. Stokes, able and skillful The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- valueless as dropping a bucket into an columnist of the Scripps-Howard papers, tleman from New York has expired. empty well. We have spent-! asked questions: · · Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield '1 this question but go'j no adequate an­ Can it be healthy for our democracy to minute to the gentleman from New York swer-we have spent well-nigh a mil­ have the gentleman from Mississippi using a [Mr. KLEIN]. . lion dollars through the Dies committee committee, with the whole Nation for its Mr. KLEIN. Mr. Speaker, my opposi- and this current committee. What' have sphere of operations, to exploit his own fears tion to this resolution is well known. I we got from that? Nothing construe- . and prejudic1? voted against similar resolutions to give tive. As I asked in my question to the Shall we thus spend another $75,000 funds to the Dies committee, the prede- gentleman from Texas, the chairman of · for such a dang.erous purpose? cessor of this committee, as well as to the the Judiciary Committee: ,.. Can you give That gentleman has too many mental continuation of that committee; me one singie bill that was an imple- blind spots. He is unable to appreciate I would like to make this plain. I have mentation of the recommendations of that others have opinions and will get only 1 minute. We recently in this House either the Dies committee or the Wood-. them marketed. - demonstrated our confide:uce and admi- Rankin committee? The gentleman Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 ration for Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, the head . from Texas was silent. Of course he minutes to the gentleman from New of the FBI, by unanimously agreeing to was silent. Not a single recommenda­ York [Mr. MARCANTONIO]. raise his salary. That organization is tion has been carried out by this House; Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, the finest organization in the world for and thus well-nigh to a million dollars the basic issues should be dealt with here any type of investigation, including sub- has been utterly wasted and been of no with respect to this committee. versive activities, or any other thing. It force and effect whatsoever. Just w.l;l.at is the committee? And seems to me, instead of setting a prece- This committee ha::. resulted in dan­ what has it done? dent by giving additional money to a gerously splitting and splintering our We must judge it by its trend, and we standing committee of this House we people into hostile groups. In addition must judge it by its actions. The rec­ should let the FBI d·o this job. Every- to the fact tha'J no one bill has been ord will show that the trend of this com­ body has confidence in that organization, passed, the activities of this committee mittee has at all times been to attack everybody knows they will do a good job, have created festering sores of preju­ pro-Democratic organizations in this and that is a good deal more than can be dice and intolerance in many parts of country and anti-Fascist organizations said about this committee. Let the FBI this country, and for that reason I hope in this country. The record will also do it, and then the people of the country this resolution will be voted down. show that the test of what is subversive will be satisfied. that the job is well done. Instead of judicial fairness and and what is not subversive has been the The committee has permitted itself to decorum prev~iling in the committe~ political standards of the gentleman become a forum for the dissemination of hearings, we have noted browbeating of from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN]. No one racial and religious theories which are witnesses, badgering of witnesses, and can deny that. His viewpoint has been no part of our democratic form of gov- unjustifiable tirades against witnesses. a most aggressive one and it has been im­ . ernment. It has demonstrated its bias we canstantly hear the committee pressed thoroughly on the committee. by concentrating on, and smearing, lib- making charges of un-Americanism be­ The committee has acted accordingly. erals by calling them communistic and fore adequate proof thereof. we hear of The gentleman is entitled to his views, un-American, while it has not touched but when we consider what the gentle­ fascistic groups, nor investigated the re- intemperate remarks and diatribes about man's views are on what is American and cent activity on the part of the Ku Klux organizations and its members without Klan. them being given a chance of refutation what is un-American and when we con­ sider that this committee has made the Let us vote down this resolution and or defense. gentleman's views the standard and the thus effectively terminate the committee If some of the committee members had test by which investigations of various itself. ' their way they would put plugs into the organizations are to be conducted, then The SPEAKER. The time of the gen-· ears of the Nation, gags in mouths, and I submit ·that this committee is no lange~ tleman from New York has expired. blinders on eyes, because they want the an impartial committee but is a commit­ Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 Nation to see, hear, and speak only what tee acting as a vehicle to strike down· . minutes to the gentleman from New York they desire. those anti-Fascist and democratic organ­ [Mr. CELLERJ. With them open criticism and discus- izations that entertain pro-Democratic Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, the dis- sion is taboo, if. it be on a subject or and anti-Fascist views which are in­ tinguished chairman of the Committee cause with which they disagree. comp~tible with the views held by the on the Judiciary says he wants Anglo- Anyone who disagrees with the gentle­ gentleman from Mississippi. Saxon government. I do, too, but I do man from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] is a Let me give you specific illustrations. not want his interpret~tion of Anglo- Communist or un-A~erican. The red Organizations that have been advocating XCII--329 L 5214· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 FEPC, like the Federation of Constitu­ . Mr. RANK;IN. Mr. Speaker,. I object question ·with anybody in the House if the tional Liberties, are subjected to inves­ to the gentleman printing his remarks at time permitted. · · tigation and contempt proceedings; or­ this point. · : As chairman of the Postwar Economic ganizations opposed to the continuance Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I do not :Policy Committee, I, with six other mem­ of the poll tax are subjected to investi­ know that I can add anything to this bers of that committee, visited the Soviet gation and contempt proceedings; or- argument. The· House very well under­ Republic last year. We saw, first hand, . ganizations that have been advocating stands the situation. I do want to call how labor was treated in that country. friendly relations with the Soviet Union the ·attention of the Members of the We saw those people working in those are subjected to investigation and con­ House to the fact that America is the factories and we saw them working on tempt proceedings. Right here this only republican form of government in ~hose farms, and I say to you that they morning we have had the illustration of , this world engaged in the last two wars are virtually frozen to their jobs, and how certain gentlemen want this com­ that has maintained its form of govern­ do not enjoy the right to strike. They mittee to function. The gentleman from ment. Foreign isms and ideologies are do not enjoy the right, in most instances, Michigan . [Mr. DONDERO] wants the running rampant in the world, yet Amer­ of even the freedom of electing their American Veterans' Committee investi­ ica today is the only haven of refuge for own form of employment. I asked the gated because a group of them picketed the people who admire that form of free superintendent qf one of the large fac­ his home. The gentleman from Mis­ government that we maintain in this tories there, a pride of the Soviet Re-. sissippi himself has pulled out a letter country. public, if they had any strikes in that wherein someone is asking for funds for . ';I'he question has been raised here country. The gentlemen here who were a campaign to unseat the gentleman about the expenditure of $75 ,000 to be wtth me will bear me out oh what his from Mississippi. What is subversive spent by the Committee on On-American reply was. No; they do not have any about that? . Since when has an attempt Activities in the guardianship of our strikes in that country. He indicated to overthrow the gentleman from Mis­ American free form of government, that that was an American instit.ution. I sissippi become synonymous with an. when we are expending millions-yea said, "What happens when the workers attempt to overthrow the Government of" billions- of dollars for national· defense, are dissatisfied?" He said that they were the United States? Yet these organi­ and the ability of this country to main­ not dissatisfied. But I pressed the ques­ zations will be subjecteQ. to investigation. tain that precious form of free ·govern­ tion about what would happen if they And all under what guise? The old red ment. o~cbme dissatisfied. bogy, Where does the opposition to this com­ . '!Well, in that case .a representative of · Assuming that we do find a Com­ mittee come from? Just analyze that for the trade-union and a representative of munist here and there in some of these a moment. Where does the opposition in. the factory just got together and every­ organizations, the test is what are these this House with few exceptions come body was satisfied," the superintendent organizations doing? Are their activi­ from? It is coming mostly from that replied. ·But he neglected to say that ties prodemocratic or are they not? If group for which the gentleman from New tne· representative of the trade-union they are, irrespective of who may be in_ York [Mr. MARCANTONIO], WhO is neither and· the representative of the factory that organization~ it ·is the activity that a Democrat nor a :Republican, speaks for were both key figures in the commUnistic counts, despite the fact you may find in this House: He always leads the op­ government, that the trade-union was some people in them wt_o happen to position. also a part of the government. belong to the Communist Party. They Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I asked the same question at the col­ / have a perfect right to engage in dem­ will the gentleman yield? lective farm and I got the same answer. ocratic activities just as much as a Re­ Mr. COLMER ~ I yield to the gentle­ Nobody is dissatisfied, nobody strikes, and publican, Democrat, or Laborite has. man f!om New York. nob:Jdy changes his employment. Is that The test is the ·activity itself. Mr. MARCANTONIO. The gentleman the form of government we want in this Do you know what is going tq happen on more than one occasion has stated that country? If that form of government if you give this committee this $75,000? the gentleman from New York is neither threatens this country, then are we justi..: I can understand why the Republicans a Rep blican nor a Democrat. . May I tied in investigating the activities of that want to vote for this appropriation. It point out that on two occasions both the form of government in this country? is going to be used for Republican cam­ Republicans and the Democrats, the en­ They have a right to their form of gov­ paign material. You are going to go rolleC- voters in my district, nominated ernment there, but they have no.right to after the Independent Citizens Commit­ me. force their form of government on us. tee, the PAC, and the CIO Political Ac­ Mr. COLMER. I have no fault to find I say to you that we got the distinct im­ tion Committee, and all this will be done with what the gentleman's district does. pression from those with whom we dis­ by the old technique of raising the red If the gentleman's district wants to send cussed this matter there, both the Rus­ bogy. There it is, the applause. It him down here, it is perfectly all right sians and our American representatives, bears me out. . The gentleman from Mis­ with me, I have no complaint about that. that if a worker complained about either sissippi leads the applause and the Re­ But I still maintain that the gentleman the working conditions or the pay for the publicans follow him with their applause. is neither a Democrat no.r a Republican, fruits of his labor he was waited. upon, This applause most dramatically proves and I also maintain that he does not usually at night, by a representative of my point, that this committee will be speak for either of those groups in this the secret Russian police. He was then used to advantage by the Rankin-Repub­ House. Who is it that the gentleman either glad to remain satisfied thereafter lican alliance against the progress and speaks for when he gets up here? Every or was sent to the frozen regions of Si­ liberties of t he American people. time this question has arisen, the gentle­ beria. · The SPEAKER. The time of the · man from New York has taken the floor And yet, Mr. Speaker, I read recently . gentleman from New York has expired. and charged the committee with directing where a group of vice presidents and . Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 its activities largely toward the Soviet representatives of the CIO visited Russia minutes to the gentleman from Missis­ Union. I want to call the gentleman's and came back and recommended closer sippi [Mr. COLMER]. attention and I want to call the atten­ cooperation be.tween the Soviet ·trade­ Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, tion of the country to the fact that in unions and the American labor unions. I yield the gentleman 3 minutes. the Soviet Republic the laboring man, God forbid that the independent Ameri- Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will whom so many of you would speak for, ,can workingmen and farmers will ever the gentleman yield? has scarcely any freedom of choice of be· forced to work under such a system. Mr. COLMER. 1 yield to the gentle­ employment. I want to call your atten­ Mr. Speaker, there is no question about man from California. tion further to the fact that a certain the subversive influences being at work Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, in large and aggressive labor union in this· in this country. It is a known fact that view of the·fact that the gentleman has country, the CIO, is always defending many Communists have worked them­ 7 minutes, I ask unanimous consent that the Soviet Republic. selves into key positions in our Govern­ I be allowed to extend my remarks at Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker, will the ment. I have been informed, oti the this point fn the RECORD. gentleman yield? record, by members of our armed forces The SPEAKER. Is there objection · Mr. COLMER. I am sorry, Mr. Speak­ that they have even infiltrated into the to the request of the gentleman from er, I do not have time to yield any more. various armed services which are main­ California? However, I would like to debate this tained for the defense of our country. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5215 Certainly, Mr. Speaker, since ours is the _ Smith before the committee, and asked The views of that organization are last of the major powers enjoying a re­ him this question: · worthy of your serious consideration; publican form of government it behooves Mr. THOMAS. Would you say that the Ger­ Finally, Mr. Speaker, any organization us to he on the alert. And while some man-American bund was a Fascist organiza- that has nothing to hide has nothing to of us have not always approved of all tion? . fear as the result of the investigations of the activities of this committee, I am Mr. SMITH. I would say that it was ideolog­ made or to be made by this committee. confident that the vote here today will ically Fascist. I would not say that it was The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ show that this House believes that the effectively Fascist. The only effective fascism that has really imperiled our people tleman from Kansas has expired. committee is doi~g a necessary and use­ in their daily life in this country has been Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, ful work and. is performing a necessary the administration of the New Deal bureauc­ I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota function in calling to the attention of racy. [Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESENl such time as the country the dangers that threaten Mr. THOMAS. Now, you have referred to the he may require. our Government. So far as I am con­ New Deal ' before. Would you say that it was cerned I shall vote for this appropria­ more Fascist or more Communist? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. :VIr. tion with the conviction that it will be Mr. SMITH. I would say that they employ Speaker, I am conYinced that the con­ money well expended. . the ideology of the Communists and the tinuation of the Committee To Investi­ technique of the Fascists. I think Mr. gate Un-American Activities is vital to The SPEAKER. The time of the Roosevelt was very much an imitator of Mr. gentleman from Mississippi has expired. the future security of our country, and, Hitler. therefore, 1 strongly urge favorable ac­ Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Mr. THoMAs. WeU, Mr. Roosevelt has tion on the resolution to appropriate I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from passed away now. Washington [Mr. COFFEE]. Mr. SMITH. Yes; but he personified the $75,000 for the future work of this com­ Mr. COFFEE. ·Mr. Speaker, the gen­ New Deal. mittee. . tleman who has just preceded me would Mr. THOMAS. Let him rest in p~ace. Would For more than 12 years the infiltra­ you say Huey Long was a Fascist? tion of Communists into Government by inference stigmatize all of us who Mr. SMITH. The answer is positively "No." are opposed to the continuation of the policy-making positions has been of This kind of smear testimony of our late great concern to me. It should be of Wood-Rankin committee as stooges or President and of the legislation which sycophants of the Soviet Union. He through the years has strengthened Ameri­ equal concern ·to every American who fails to accord to us the courtesy of re­ can democracy and helped us win the war believes in our form of government and specting those iB America who believe in against the military might of fascism was way of life. Those kindly and well­ upholding the Constitution and who be­ met with the following comment from the meaning citizens who permit themselves lieve rigidly and militantly in supporting chairman of the committee at the close of to be used as a front for communistic a free press and freedom of speech in the Gerald L. K. Smith's testimony. organizations are playing with fire. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair expresses the Little do they realize that they will be United States. appreciation of the committee for your tes­ For my authority, I quote Editor and timony, ·Mr. Smith. amongst the first to be liquidated after Publisher in its issue of Ap,ril 13. This they have served the purposes of their publication can by no stretch of the Apparently he spoke for the whole sponsors. The ·communists in this coun­ imagination be denominated as radical committee. There was no dissent. try could not get very· far with their or pro-Communist. In its issue of April I suggest the committee refrain from program to destroy our Government if 13, Editor and Publisher ·charges that so conducting itself as to alienate the it were not for the generous effort and the Wood-Rankin committee investiga­ Soviet Union, and thus endanger world contributions made by individuals and tion of "opinion expressed in paid ad­ peace; that it do not give color to the orJanizations that seek recognition and vertising copy"-for this committee in..: charge that it is antUabor and antilib­ 'publicity. They submit themselves 'to vestigated an advertisement in New eral; that it investigate the Ku Klux the aggressive direction of well-known York because it criticized the commit­ Klan; that it look into Falange activities Commui1ists, who receive all of their in­ tee-"amounts to intimidation" and is here; that its investigations be conducted structions from foreign sources. Thou­ "an attempt. to control thought." It ethically. sands of individuals who have inherited comments further, "If through such ac­ Because I believe the committee great wealth but have never done any tivities a branch of Congress can label threatens the constitutional exercise of work whatsoever for living are the sus­ such opinion 'good' or 'bad', 'right' or free speech on the platform and radio, ceptible material to front for communis­ 'wrong', it need not go much further to I am opposed to the re~olution to provide tic activity in this country o> do the same with the now free editorial the committee an additional appropria- Another matter, but in the same gen­ expressions in our newspapers." tion of $75,000. · - · eral direction, is the infiltration of com­ The pattern is wrong, the pattern of Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr.-Speaker, munistic activity in our schools and col­ the Wood-Rankin committee. The pat­ I yield 1 minute tQ the gentleman from leges under the slogan of academic free­ tern is that any organization which Kansas [Mr. SCRIVNER]. dom. It i_s well known that the long­ is trying to fight for democracy in Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Speaker, this range program of the Communist organ­ America becomes suspect in the eyes Congress has appropriated hundreds of ization is to take over our educational of this strangely-adjusted committee. millions of dollars for the building of system and capture recruits from the Yes, the committee appears very sympa­ dams to hold back the devastating :flood ranks of our young boys and girls. thetic with any organization which waters that would destroy our fertile val­ Wherever we turn, we note the well­ seems to uphold fascism but very critical leys. Certain it is that this House could planted seeds of this kind of un-Ameri­ of any organization which seems to op­ well afford to spend $75,000 to build a can infiltration. You will find it every­ pose fascism. small dam to hold back the overwhelm­ where, in schools, churches, labor organ­ Whom have they investigated? The ing :flood waters of alienisms that threat­ izations, political parties, in well-mean­ - Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, en to engulf this entire Nation. It is ing social organizations and, · above all, an organization attempting to do some­ cheap insurance for the preservation of in the very core of our Government. thing for the refugees from fascism in this N.ation against that devastation. I The time has come for the American Europe. The American Committee for am proud of the fact that I am a member people to stop, look, and listen. The Spanish Freedom, also. Why? Because of the American Legion which now sup­ time has come to devote a little of our it is opposed to Franco fascism in Spain. ports and has always supported this. time to th'e saving of our freedom from What have we created? We have be­ committee. I believe that as long as the the clutches of those who seek to destroy fore us a committee in Congress which committee conducts .itself properly, that the very foundations of our Republic. has achieved such a reaction that the organization will continue to so support The time has come to stand up and be Washington Post, one of the great daily it. . counted as being for or against our newspapers of our country has charac­ Mr. Speaker, March 26r 1946, I inserted American way of. life. terized the committee as an "ugly stain in the RECORD on page A1741; a letter The Committee to Investigate Un­ on Congress." We have such a perform­ from the Kansas state Council, Knights American Activities can and will perform ance in the committee that the gentle­ of Columbus, urging my support for re- · an outstanding service to expose the ac­ man from New Jersey [Mr. THOMAS], newal of appropriations. for .the House tivities of suhversive individuals and or­ one of the members, had GeFald L. K. Committee on Un.-American. Activities. ganizations that seek to undermine and 5216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 destroy our Government and way of life. vindicate us who are opposed to .this yields the Chair cannot recognize the We owe it to the country to bring sub­ appropriation just as time and events gentleman. versive activity to the light of day, and vindicated those of us who opposed the Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, will the therefore, Mr. Speaker, I urge the con­ Dies committee in the past. gentleman yield? tinuation of the committee, and trust · Mr. MUNDT. I am afraid that such Mr. MUNDT. If this is to be taken out that there will be an overwhelming vote vindication as time and events will bring of my time,. I cannot yield. Otherwise 1 for the resolution. will afford but small consolation to the shall be happy to. ... Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I gentleman from New York ·and those The SPEAKER. The gentleman has yield the balance of my time to the gen­ who follow the gentleman in their voting the floor. He can yield if he desires, but tleman from South Dakota [Mr. MuNDT]. today. if he yields, it is taken obt of his time. Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, I am glad Mr. SADOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, will . Mr. MUNDT. Then I shall_not yield for this opportunity to have a thorough­ the gentleman yield? In all fairness, further to anybody any further during going discussion of the "Wood-Rankin in view of the fact this $75,000 appropri­ the remainder Jof my remarks. The de­ committee," as it is referred to in the ation is a campaign appropriation to bate is getting too peppery and too per­ Communist press, or of the House Com­ · the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. sonal, and I w,ant to get back to some of mittee on Un-American Activities or the RANKIN] and certain views of his, do you the basic facts which this House should "Wo·od committee" as it is properly re­ not think that this appropriation ought know. Let me say, -first of all, Mr. ferred to in American circles. to be raised to $150,000 and give some of Speaker, that the gentleman from· New I think it. is important occasionally us who are opposed to Ku Klux Klanism· York [Mr. MARCANTONIO] stated that the that our committee be required to come and opposed to Gerald K. Smith and who viewpoint of this committee and the back to you and discuss the program up­ are opposed .to those people who are op­ standards of our committee were the on which we are working, to solicit your posed to the American workingman-- viewpoint and standards of the gentle­ counsel, and to request additional funds Mr.· RANKIN. We a:r:e trying to pro­ man from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN]. to continue our work. We are asking tect the American way of life-- That simply -is not in accordance with you now to vote the required money Mr. SADOWSKI. That we have an­ . the facts. which this committee needs to continue other $75,000 for political expression on We have a nine-man committee, the its activities to the end of the current our part also and not only a donation to chairman of which is the gentleman Congress. the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. from Georgia, Mr. JOHN WooD, a very In reality, this is the opportunity that RANKIN] and the political views that he able and a very patriotjc American, in' several Members of the House, I do not represents: . my opinion. There are nine members know how many, have been seeking a Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the on this committee, six of whom are Dem­ long time since they have placed peti­ gentleman yield? ocrats, three of whom ar_e Republicans; tion No. 12 on the Clerk's desk for the Mr. MUNDT. I yield briefly. and over half the actions of our corr..mit· abolition of the committee. This is the Mr. RANKIN. The statement to which tee have been taken by unanimous vote, opportunity for those of you who desire we have just listened is about .as non­ and none of them have been dominated to abolish this committee to vote your sensical as anything we would expect to by the gentleman from Mississippi. convictions and to vote to abolish it by get from the enemies of this legislation. Whether that speaks well or ill of the voting "to cut out its funds because we This $75,000 will not help my campaign committee I. do not know, but I do know do not have funds enough with which for·reelection, but it will help us protect that is a simple statement of fact. to ·operate more than another 30 days this country from the enemies within our . If any one man in America has set the if you deny us today's request. If you gates. standards for this committee it is Mr. vote "no" today, you vote to abolish the · · This is not my .committee. I am not John W. Davis, of New York, a former Un-American Activities Committee of trying to dominate it, but I can tell you Democratic candidate for President. As Congress. If you vote "no" you might now this committee is going after those part of my remarks I shall insert the as well sign petition No. 12 and go the un-American elements, in ·the House or significant portions of an advisory letter full route. elsewhere, who are attempting to un-der­ which Mr. Davis sent me at my request · I think the issue is clear-cut. I dis­ mine and destroy this Government. and in which he counseled . our com­ cussed this resolution with the gentle­ Mr. MARCANTONIO. , State who they mittee suggesting the procedures which man from New York [Mr. MARCAN­ are in the House. we follow; and we have tried to carry TONIO] the other day, and he said he · Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, at the them out faithfully, fully, and well. I thought we ought to have a roll-call moment, I ;:tm not going to yield any th,ink that even those who will vote vote on this issue. I said,. ''I agree with further. There are some other factors against continuing the Un-American you. I will try to help you get one." I which -I want tc discuss. Activities Committee today and who .will said, "Do you think you will get many Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, a point of try to kill the committee by choking off votes against it?" He said, "I think we order. I demand the words of the gen­ its funds will hardly go so far as to deny have 100 votes lined up against the tleman from Mississippi be taken down. that Mr. Davis is ·a great and a patriotic measure." If that is correct, then that I want to know who the Members of the American. presents an interesting situation. I House are. · Here are the words of Mr. Davis pre­ think the American people are entitled The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report cisely as he wrote them to me in recom­ to know who those 100 Members of whom the words objected to. mending how our committee should ap­ the gentleman from New York [Mr. The Clerk read as follows: proach the prodigious problems which we · MARCANTONIO] speaks are as well as . Mr. RANKIN. This is not my committee. face: they are entitled to know who those I am not trying to dominate it, but I can Members are who are going to vote to tell you now this committee is going after You are dealing primarily with matters of those un-American elements, in the House government, where it seems to me that the continue the work of the Committee on standards' are pert:ectly clear and the func­ Un-American Activities. I am going to or elsewhere, who are attempting to under­ mine and destroy this Government. tion of the committee is obvious. There are join him in seeking a roll-call vote. three documentary sources by which l:Ul­ This is an ~lection year and that roll The SPEAKER. The Chair is com­ American activities can be tested: the Pre­ call should become an index which will pelled to hold that as the gentleman amble to the Declaration of Independence, be widely quoted in many congressionai from Mississippi named no one, his words the Constitution itself, and, if it can be districts both in the primaries and in are not a violation of the rules of the ~reated as a separate document, the Bill of November. House. [Applause.] Rights. '.!'hose things which conform to Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, Now, the Chair does not desire to be these yardsticks, speaking in the political will the gentleman yield? field, may properly be called American. applauded about decisions he makes in Those which do not are un-American--or Mr. MUNDT. I yield. I have r·eferred this chair, because he is trying to follow worse. I should think the activities of your to the gentleman. the rules. · Committee might properly be directed to Mr. MARCANTONIO. I want to say _ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker,.a question v-entilating any activities of whatever sort to the gentleman I certainly will welcome of personal privilege. which challenge these standards, and to ex­ very much a record vote on this issue. · The SPEAKER. The gentleman from posing the motives and the support of those I am confident that time and events will South Dakota has the :floor. Unless he who pursue them. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5217 Mr. Speaker, let me quote further from Mr. Speaker, Mr. Davis advised our · United States who are preaching and the letter by Attorney John W. Davis. committee as follows: practicing doctrines which are definitely He said: I repeat, there is no challenge in this to un-American, even though they may be The fact that men have the right to speak the right of free speech. Sacred as that right legal, in accordance with the definitive or write as they please does not exempt their is, it must, like all other rights, be exercised distinctions drawn by I.~r. Davis? Does speech or writing from the field of your in­ with a due sense of responsibility. Those any Member deny that there are-indiyid­ quiry. It is not criminal, for instance, for who use it to incite crime or violence may uals and organizations in the United any man or- group of men to advocate the be punished unda:r the criminal law. But granting of patents of nobility, or the cre­ short of this, it does not invade this right States today-plenty of them with vast ation of a state-established church, or the to inquire concerning any statement un­ finances behind them-which are "de­ disfranchisement of citizens because of creed, American in character (such as I have under­ signed to weaken the allegiance of. their or the abolition of the right of private prop­ taken to define it) as to who it was that said members to the United States or to favor erty; but it would be deeply un-America11 for it, .when and where ahd by .whose instiga­ some foreign sovereignty"? Does any them to do so. tion, and with what support. I should-like Member deny that within the broad lee­ to add that I conceive to be fully within the ways which we Americans rightfully in- ' Plea:.e note, my colleagues, that Mr. scope of the committee's jurisdiction those Davis clearly and carefully distinguishes movements essentially disloyal in character sist freedom should have in this country between acts which are illegal or crim­ which are designed to weaken the allegiance there are individuals and organizations inal and acts which are un-American. of their members to the United States or to who plan and preach and plot and pre­ Your committee, it should be remem­ favor some foreign sovereignty. pare and promote to the end that our bered, is charged by a mandate of this constitutional system-the system our There you have it, Mr. Speaker. If the revered colleague from Texas, HATTON House to investigate "un-American ac­ Congress and the country have wondered tivities"-we are not mandated as a W. SUMNERS, today called the Anglo­ who has set the standard and proposed Saxon system of Government-be police organization, we are not empow­ the concept which the House Committee ered to make arrests, and we are not weakened or impeded or impaired or To Investigate Un-American Activities is destroyed? -directed to hunt down law ·violators or seriously and studiously endeavoring to to trap criminals. Our task-to which follow, you now have the answer. It is Mr. Speaker, if there are Members of you Members of this House assigned us­ spread in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, this body who really believe there are is to seek out and to expose those activ­ where all who would can read. The cri­ no un-American activities or individuals ities which although legal are none the terion followed 1:-y our committee. in its in this country, I invite them to take less un-American, subversive, and con­ approach to the many problems before it the floor on some early date and expose trary to the American concept. Mr. is not the viewpoint of its chairman, the their nai:vete to the public view. If there Davis points the issue clearly. We have gentleman from Georgia, JoHN WooD. are none so naive, what is it that influ­ operated in complete consistency with It is not the viewpoint of the gentleman ences Members to vote against funds to his suggestions. . from Mississippi, JOHN RANKIN. Nor is it continue a committee to investigate and Now, Mr. Speaker, I continue to quote that of the gentleman from Arizona, expose these subversive influences? from the Davis letter. He wrote: JOHN MuRDOCK, or any of the six other It should be noted here, Mr. Speaker, If someone were to proclaim that the Con­ members of the committee. Neither the that the American Legion, the Veterans stitution of the United States was antiquated Democratic sextet nor the Republican of Foreign Wars, the Knights of Colum­ and should henceforth be ignored by gov­ trio writes the tune and directs the steps bus, the Masonic fraternities, the Elks ernmental officers such advocacy might not taken by this committee. It is a nine­ lodge, the Daughters of the American become criminal, but it would unquestion­ man committee, in which each member Revolution, and many other great patri­ ably be un-American. has equal rights, equal influence, and otic organizations and groups have time With remarkable foresight, Mr. Speak­ equal opportunity to exercise his judg­ and time again endorsed the House er, Mr. Davis envisaged precisely the ment. It neither follows the traditional Committee to Investigate Un-American type of activity in which various groups procedures of the Dies committ.ee, which Activities and have encouraged Congress· and their fellow travelers are now en­ preceded it, nor the ethereal elucidations to support and continue on a permanent gaged in the United States. of such a wobbly liberal as Henry Agard basis a standing committee to investi­ Mr. Davis said further in his letter: Wallace. It has endeavored, and it will gate and expose all elements whether If any organized movement addressed to continue to endeavor, to proceed in con­ , they be Communist, Fascist, or some na·­ these ends should appear, I think your com­ formity with the sound counsel given it tive form of totalitarianism which would mittee would render a public service by in­ by John W. Davis and by other great upr-..oot and destroy our free way of life quiring into its source, its resources, its ac­ Americans who believe our way of life is in this Republic. I shall save the Mem­ tivities, and the character of its membership. bers who will vote against this resolu- • • • I know of no better way to preserve, · worth protecting and that eternal vigi­ lance is stilt the price of liberty. . tion today the embarrassment of calling protect, and defend the Constitution of the the roll of the organizations which have United States than to drag its enemies of I might add that our committee also gone on record in opposition to this com­ whatever degree out into the open. sought the counsel and guidance of the great Brookings Institution of this city. mittee. May I interpolate here, Mr. Speaker, to In all events, today you all have a remind the House that in voting favor­ W.e had this scientific and impartial in­ chance to stand up and be counted. The ably as it did on the contempt citations stitut'ion · digest and summarize the leaders of both sides in this debate de­ which our committee has brought before counsel we received in over 50 thoughtful sire a roll-call vote. It is a poor vote you that you stand foursquare with that replies from leading Americans in every to dodge. It will be a good vote to de­ great constitutional lawyer, Mr. Davis, walk of life as to how this committee termine who supports and who opposes who recommends that the spotlight of should function in meeting its mandate the efforts of Congress to protect Amer­ publicity be turned on organizations sus­ of investigating un-American activities. ica against those who would sabotage pected of subversive activities. Since our The Brooldngs Institution published a its constitutional liberties, its independ­ experience indicates that such organiza­ monograph on the subject and it gave ence, and its concept of freedom. tions· invariably utilize every conceivable our committee important and helpful It was suggested here by the gentle­ legal technicality and dilatory tactic to advice which we are trying to follow. man from New York [Mr. KLEIN] that avoid having its records inspected and to Any citizep interested can, I am sure, we do not need a committee of this kind evade inquiring into its source, its re­ receive from the Brookings Institution a because the FBI could do this job. The sources, its activities, and the character copy of its monograph on this subject. FBI, however, is limited to the handling of its membership that our committee Its recommendations, however, are close­ of illegal activities, to activities which and this House has no alternative in ly in harmony with those which I have are in direct violation of the law and to dealing with such an organization other quoted at length from the letter written assignments by the Attorney General. than to cite 'it for contempt and to re­ by John W. Davis, of New York City. As Mr. Davis points out in his letter, quest the Attorney General to fulfill his Does any Member deny that there are there is a field in which our committee duty and to proceed in court ~gainst it. individuals and organizations in the must operate, dealing with factors, 5218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:HOUSE MAY 17 people, and policies of organizations en­ .underworld are of little consequence .today people that they should refuse to take up gaging in actions which are un-Ameri­ compared to the threats of subverters who their country's arms. are bent on undermining and weakening our Americanism is on trial. Its real test lies can even though their activities are legal. Nation, leaving it vulnerable to open attack. in the ability of red-blooded Americans to Because of the extreme privilege of free There is no difference between the ruth­ meet and defeat the "fi:Ith column" of de­ press and free speech they can do much less dictator of the criminal underworld and struction, which is already at work. A knowl­ harm if the nefarious purposes and the high-handed political dictator of the edge of the lurking menace is necessary. people lurking behind their high-sound­ upper world. Both deal in avarice, in greed, Also, there is need to avoid confusion if ing organizational names remain un­ in lust for power, in mass murder and in America is .to remain strong. This can be exposed. blood purges. We in America believe that achieved only through clear thinking and The committee has investigated four prison or the electric chair is the place for positive action. We mt:st understand the such menaces to civilization. If we would problems of the day and· how they can best organizations since Mr. Wood became , protect America, we must determine that no be solved. We must understand that the chairman about a year ago. Three of group of espionage agents or subverters, and priceless heritage of a free people is liberty. them, I presume one might say, are oper­ no coalition of paid anti-American propa­ It is also their greatest achievement. But it ating from the "left"; one, I presume gandists shall sway us from our American must be rewon in each generation, through one might say, was operating from the way of life. eternal vigilance and positive action. "right." All were alleged to be engag­ Mere lip service to the letter of cur democ­ ing in un-Americanism. I am not going [Address delivered by J. Edgar Hoover, Direc­ racy will not suffice. We need understanding to name the organizations today, but tor, Federal Bureau of Investigation, to and we need ' a renewed dedication to the our committee is disturbed and distressed opening sess:on, twenty-seccnd annu:tl spirit of lib3rty. This will not be easy to do. national convention, American Legion, Fm a people to remain free, they must be by the fact that the three organizations courag€ous, self-reliant, willing to face the which we endeavored to investigate, op­ Boston, Ma::s., at 10:45 a. m ., September 23, 1940] storms of life. Liberty is for the strong in erating from the "left," refused to co­ spirit-not for the weak. operate with the committee, refused to THE TEST OF AMERICANISM Action is necessary to prevent the blood­ give us access to their books and records, The American Legion is an important bul­ stream of· America from contamination. refused even to comply with subpenas. wark of our national security. Today your There can be no procrastination. That this The one organization we investigated organization takes on an added significance situation exists is no reflection upon the that was operating from the "right" in­ in a period of emergency, when all real Amer­ sincerity of the America-n people, but it does icans are united in a determination to protect demand that we think straight and seek the vited us to send our inspectors and our our Nation. Fortunately, the Nation can de­ truth. In this, the American Legion has set investigators in to examine its books and pend upon you. You have been proven in the pace. The necessity for its program, records, and willingly submitted itself the crucible of experience. scorned and ridiculed by the Communists to complete"examination. In other lands once free peoples are now and their fellow travelers, has been thor­ I am going to insert at thls place in subjected to the oppression of dictators. oughly established. · the REcoRD quotations from J. Edgar Fear and intolerance have taken the place of This Nation will be everlastingly indebted Hoover, who was highly recommended freedom, while force has become a dominant to you Legionnaires for your devotion to the by the gentleman from New York [Mr. factor in world affairs. But of greater im­ principles of our democratic Government. KLEIN] a few minutes ago, and who is portance, American democracy once more is Born of devotion and sacrifice, the AmeTican on trial. America must face facts. America Legion is a reassuring force in the preserva­ conceded by all good Americans to have must realize that the legions of force are tion of our internal security. There is a a most excellent record. In these state:.. making tremendous sacrifices for an ideal­ need for your program in every community ments, Mr. J. Edgar Hoover points out an ideal which aims to destroy e.verything we in the land. the dangers of subversive activities in hold dear. The people of the United States, Designated by the President to head the this country. I hope you will read these in defense of their homes and their beliefs, Nation's attack against foreign spies, sabo­ excerpts from his speeches. I shall quote must unite with that same singleness of teurs, and subverters, the Federal Bureau of them running all the way from 1940 up purpose for which our forefathers fought in Investigation is proud of its close coopera­ 1776 and for which many of your brothers tion with your organization. As the pres­ to about. a year ago, but I shall _not take ent emergency intensifies, it is only natural time to read them here and now. You in arms died in 1917. From across the seas have come emissaries that we should depend increasingly upon will find them at this point in the RECORD, from totalitarian governments, seeking to you for assistance. You have never relaxed however. t.ndermine our nationalism and to implant your vigilance against the foes of democ­ Mr. KLEIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ their do.ctrines of hate. In spreading propa­ racy. But now the time has come for you tleman yield? ganda, these subversive forces have become to broaden your program. Ever on the alert Mr. MUNDT. Not now. more brazen. They have penetrated into 'to practice Americanism, you must now ·re­ Mr. KLEIN. The gentleman men­ every realm of decency, seeking allies in our -double your efforts to teach Americanism. tioned my name. schools, our churches and our civic organiza­ -In short, this means that we must again tions. E;ver on the alert to capitalize on emphasize the fundamentals that have made Mr. MUNDT. In a complimentary popular trends, they have joined reform or­ ·America great. way; nothing derogatory. I desire to ganizations and civil liberties groups, and It is a sad commentary indeed that the conclude my remarks. have played dominant roles in some of the teaching of religion has been -so sorely neg­ EXCERPTS OF SPEECHES BY J. EDGAR HOOVER pacifist blocs. Wher€ver they go, they con­ lected, becaus~ Americanism finds its most taminate, because of the indifference and lofty expression in teTms of spiritual devel­ [Address delivered by J. Edgar Hoover, Di­ cpment. The Ten Commandments cannot rector, Federal Bureau of Investigation, ·apathy of too many of our citizens. As a result, our America is at the crossroads. . be improved upon, nor can the Sermon on United States Department of Justice, be­ the Mount be surpassed as a guide for fore the forty-seventh annual convention, The time has come when we must make a choice. We can either resolve to protect our ethical conduct. Yet the godless forces of International Association of Chiefs of Po­ totalitarianism scoff at everything spiritual lice, Milwaukee, Wis., over Red ' network temples of liberty. or we can go blindly along believing that all is well. If we follow the and religious. They have used every device of the National Broadcasting Co., at 11: 15 at their command to place their mouthpieces a. m., September 9, 1940] latter course, we will so:rrle day find our liberties suddenly b'lacked out by the tyranny upon lecture platforms and in educational in­ THE PRESENT TASK OF LAW ENFORCEMENT of a foreign dictator. stitutions to expound in a subtle manner, at times with a veneer of patriotism, their un- Today, America has become the battle- Our people are accustomed to taking liberty ground of foreign agents. They spin their American theories. ' for - ~ranted. As a result, they have ceased to Intellectual freedom is American. In­ webs of alien philosophies to ensnare Amer­ think sericusly about it. But the foes of ica, and in darkness weave insidious plans . tellectual license and debs.uchery is un­ to scuttle our national defense. To counter America have much to say about it. They American. In righteous indignation it is and attack these vicious forces is the present construe liberty as license, and clamor for time to drive the debauchers of America out task of law enforcement. Never have we had even greater lice:'lse. Liberty and license are ·in the open, whete their true purposes may such responsibilities or opportunities. By as far apart as liberty and tyranny. License ·be revealed. protecting the rights of the citizens of this breeds tyranny. If their motivations are sincere, but due Nation, .we are preserving the security of · In recent days, insidious forces have sought to ignorance, they have no right to instruct America. to obstruct our national preparedness pro­ in the mental and spiritual development of We of law enforcement already are aware gram by proclaiming that the strengthening America's youth. And if they espouse for .. of the potential dangers that meance every of our Army and Navy abrogates liberty. The -eign causes, then they should be stopped, ·community in the land. These increased Communists, the Bundsmen and their allies ·from further debauching. There is no place burdens on law enforcement produce an of totalitarianism are seeking to weaken in America for traitors steeped in the tyran~ open invitationto the underworld to plunder America's defense. These traitors, who shout nical and alien ways of life. American edu­ and destroy. However, the threats of the of liberty as they seek to destroy it, tell young , cational forces must come to grips in a uni- '- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5219 fled mann.er with the needs of the hour, for If we defend America and its ideals our trojan horse has now become the trojan the general purpose of stimulating the youth will never be found wanting. They, snake in American life. American people to renewed faith 1n democ­ themselves, will guard against corruption by They continue to pervert and complicate racy and a willingness to sacrifice in its de­ subversive activities. They will make -sure the solution of our perplexing domestic fense if necessary. that the subtle efforts of the undermining problems. That we have a growing problem propagandist are iJ?,effective. They will be of juvenile delinquency is known to all in­ (Address delivered by J. Edgar Hoover, Di­ alert to meet any threat to our democratic formed persons. The Communists also recog­ rector, Federal Bureau of Investigation, ·institutions, either from within or without. nize this and see in it an opportunity for United States Department of Justice, by They will maintain the greatness of the further Infiltration. The mere association of transcription, in connection with the United States of America. They will insure the names American and democracy with the Youth and Democracy ralUes sponsored that a part of · that greatness will spring Communist youth movement does not make by Aleph Zadik Aleph of B'nai B'rith in. from the freedom and tolerance of a fair and the organization either American or demo­ February 1941 J sympathetic but boldly just -citizenry. If we cratic. One Communist-front organization We have seen the "fifth column" developed dedicate our energies to all these things, Is now actively engaged. in fostering youth as an effective part of this warfare. America democracy will be alive and strong and recreation centers, a laudable project, were has not been free from its threats. Vicious,. America will still be its greatest champion it not for the sinister purposes that motivate subversive forces menace our national life to long after dictators have been relegated to it. The enemies of our institutions realize st.c}l an extent that the far-flung forces of oblivion. the value of youth and ·recruit them for their the FBI, bulwarked by law enforcement purpcses. They make many recommenda­ everywhere, have been hard put to render [Address of J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Fed­ tions, but they overlook the one fundamental full protection to our internal security. eral Bureau of Investigation, at the annual cause of delinquency: the American home. The danger of these un-American activ­ commencement e~rcises , Holy CroEs Col­ In fact, they openly state that the responsi­ ities is a real and present menace. Sneaking lege, Worcester, Mass., 2:30 p. m., June 29, bility for the rise in juvenile delinquency subverters work in the dark and with lying 1944] must be placed elsewhere than upon the propaganda seek to undermine our freedom. family in general. While pretending to aid the less fortunate A GRADUATE' S RESPONSmiLITY Th'e American home Is still the basis of and the oppressed, they offer only sugar­ A graduation exercise is like the passing our social order, and the Nation wili never coated tyranny and suppression of all liberty. of another milepost. It brings you a little be any stronger tpan the home. I urge that Just as the underworld seeks recruits closer to your destination. When you will you who graduate today resolve, despite the among our youth, so do these godle.ss forces reach that destination depends on how you Interruption that faces you, to do your bit of totalitar1anism attempt to lure our boys have charted your course. to preserve an American heritage for your and girls into the fear, the injustice, and The struggle in which we are engaged calls children still unborn, and I hope the day the misery of slavery under dictatofship. upon every man, woman, and child to be will come when you will take your place in Hypocritical organizations with high-sound­ Americans first, last, and always, for Amer­ American life with a determination to restore ing names have sprung up everywhere. ica is merely the aggregate of all her peoples. It to its honored and rightful place in the Through these front organizations the Com­ The Fascists and Nazis were not the only social order. munists and goose-stepping bundsmen would menace to our internal security. To their Too many do not believe in a religious educate America's youth along dictatorial .forces must be added the American Commu­ creed, and therefore do not . live it. They lines. The very tolerance they would turn nists with their Godless, truthless philoso- "' bring forth from their personalities no fruits ir..to intolerance has served them well and phy of life. They are against the America of vital religion. they are quick to charge "interference with our forefathers fought and died for; they Bestir yourselves to live by God's word and ri.1e rights of the individual" when proper · are against the established freedoms of apply practically in your dealings with your efforts are made to hamper their revolution­ America. They pose behind a dozen fronts·; fellow men the teachings of justice and equal- . ary activities. To the dictators they serve they have endeavored to infiltrate practi­ ity towar.d all in all things. The mere recog­ and to whom they would have us pay al­ cally every strata of life. nition of this principle of tolerance is not legiance, individual rights are nonexistent. When they preach unity, let us not forget enough. It must be translated into fact. In the countries whose ideologies they that when we were struggling to prep!J,re The invoking of the procedures of law can­ prattle, all life revolves around the state and for defense, they preached pacifism and not accomplish it. There must be a willing­ the person; the family, the home are nothing. fought our efforts to aid our allies and to ness and determination by all · to recognize Unsympathetically dictators direct every act build our common defenses. For. true Amer­ it and live it. and thought of the boy or girl along rigid icans there can be no unity with the enemy What the postwar crime era brings will party lines. within and no compromise with those who depend upon how well we can protect the Contrast this to America as we ·know and would destroy all that we fight for. There home front. If there Is a careful planning. if love it. Here all life revolves around the in­ is a distinction between respecting our ally industry is quicldy converted, if women who dividual-the Government is his faithful ser­ Russia and respecting those within our have left the home to help alleviate the man­ vant, not always perfect but ever desirous country who would destroy all that we be­ power shortage return to their normal pur­ to make his life more secure, more comfort­ lieve ln. No one wishes to detract any from suits, if we can preserve our democratic ways, able and more pleasant. In America we are the glorious war history being written by America should be bountiful enough to pro­ free to search our own minds and the minds the Russian people in protecting their son. vide thc.Se who will work with a livin~ that of others for the truth. Youth is a happy They are a great fighting nation and have should satisfy the normal desires of life. period of preparation for the fullness of life done a masterful job at war. If circumstances force us to revert to fun­ to follow. But when it comes to governmental sys­ The ambitions, strength of character, and damentals, if they require that superficiali­ teins, we prefer our own American way, and ties be eliminated, then that will be a bless­ the loyalties which give our individual lives we do not want the Communists in this their purposes and their goals are freely de­ ing to future generations. The p~th to country attempting to undermJ,ne our. de­ truth is found in adversity which leads men veloped during o~r youth. In America, our mocracy or any of our institutions. I have boys and girls are free to choose the kind of to religion. America was ordained from on said it before, and I repeat it now-America high, her destinies have been guided from on a life they want and the only limitation to cannot exist half democratic and half Com­ success is the individual capacity to suc­ high, and if we Americans would only return munist or Fascist. The Fascist-minded ty­ in unison to the faith of our forefathers, to ceed and not the quick purge of a jealous rant is no different from the native-born the simple. fa~th that embraces hope and zealot. communistic corruptionist. We are proud of The ideal in government which we have charity, our problems would appear as a mi­ our American form of government. If we rage of the desert. It will not suffice to have achieved in our Union is worth the want to improve on It, we will do it in our hunger of the men at Valley Forge. It is a iofty ideal. There must be a fearle!:s, own way, in our time, and with our own strong-hearted devotion to t'hat ideal if it is worth the aching muscles and blistered blueprint. hands suffered by the sturdy frontiersmen to become a part of our American life. Over the years the American Communists The Nation's call to duty, like God's call who shoved westward along unknown tra\ls. have developed a propaganda machine and a What our forebears built for us is worth oUr to man, is a personal one. It can be_an­ working for and struggling to make more per­ nefarious and elaborate school system of swered only by individuals. Care not what fect. We want peace in which individual their own. Their otncials in secret and public other& may think. Be right. As you answer enterprise and application of energy will meetings urge that the propaganda phase of the call to duty, you merit the rights which bring a fuller life to our people. To our their work must be accelerated. Brazenly, are yours as an American. citizens there can be no peace or fullness they have urged the development of courses, As we respond to the duty of discharging of life without the freedom we know so well. lectures, and assemblies as media to espouse our personal responsibilities, we should It is only when our rights are involved the ideologies of Marxism and to establish translate into action the words of George or seriously menaced that we resent injuries Marxism as a school of thought In the United Washington-"Let us raise a stal}.dard to or make preparation for our defense. All States. And even in the chameleon cloak which the wise and honest can repair; the Americans are devoted to the defense of our with which they have now enshrouded them­ rest is in the hands of God." country, which has been built through sacri­ selves, the American Communists still pro­ fice and matured by the wisdom of its most claim their loyalty to Marxism, the antith­ Let me call attention to the fact enlightened citizens. esis of American democracy. The Communist finally, Mr. Speaker, that Dr. Louis / 5220 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 Francis Budenz, of Notre Dame Univer­ equivocation, or· the use of red herrings fear that under the leadership and direc;. sity, the former ·editor of the Daily to confuse the issues. If the American tion of the gentleman from Mississippi, Worker, a c-'.rusading Communist for 10 people and the legislators they send here who appears to be the real head of this years, one ol the directors of the Ameri­ to represent their convictions and reflect committee, with no reflection intended can Communist Party and its spokes­ their attitudes desire to give the green to the chairman, the same course is being man in the columns,of the Daily Work­ light to subversive elements and to de­ pursued. er recently appeared before our commit­ stroy the only committee in either House This committee has been in existence tee. We asked ··him why he had quit of Congress charged with the mandate of for 17 months. Up to now I find they the Communist Party. I asked him what exposing and investigating their nefarious have issued three little reports-if they motivated him to make the change after practices, then so let it be. can be called reports-comprising a total his many years as one of America's lead­ As for me, while I would welcome relief of 12 printed pages. Two of the reports ing Communists. He said the first thing from the arduous and time-consuming deal with the same subject, the contempt was the fact that in Communist circles duties which membership on this com­ citations against officers of the Joint in this country there is no freedom of mittee imposes, I shall vote to continue Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee of New choice for the members of the party its existence and to finance its activity. York. There is no showing of evidence themselves; they are dominated and dic­ To abolish this committee now simply be­ that this group published or distributed tated to by the hierarchy of the Ameri­ cause we are .threatened by no open revo­ any subversive or un-A.Jllerican propa­ can Communists. They lead controlled lution•would be as foolhardy as to destroy ganda. On the other hand, considerable lives, taking orders from the top. He our fire department because we face no evidence has been offered to show that said: ''I was losing my rights of Ameri­ immediate conflagration, or to liquidate the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com­ can freedom in working with the our Army an~ Navy because we are not mittee raised and disbursed for the relief Communist Party." engaged in hostilities. An old South Da­ of republican refugees who fled from The second reason he gave was that kota rancher one time told me, Mr. the persecutions of the bloody Franco the American Communist Party is domi­ Speaker, "The best time to cure snake regime in Spain some $354,000 in 1945. nated by foreign agents rather than by bite is before it happens." I believe this This, according to the report made to its so-called American leaders. Dr. is good advice for Congress to follow to­ the President's War Relief Control Budenz attended the convention where day. Board, did not go into any political Browder was forced out as national Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield propaganda, but to feed starving men, chairman and Foster was installed in such time to the gentleman from Illinois women, and children, and to furnish his place. This change was directed by [Mr. SABATHJ as he may desire. them drugs and medical care and cloth­ a French Communist who belongs to the COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ing. Only about 10 percent of the total International Communist Comintern. ACTIVITIES funds raised was used in promotion and Thus American Communists, in the Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, in an­ administration; it seems unlikely they words of Dr. .Budenz, serve simply as for­ swering the unwarranted and dero·gatory could have done much propagandizin~ eign agents and owe their allegiance else­ statement made by the gentleman from But, of course, to feed these republican where than to the United States. By in­ Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN], which he in­ children is, in the estimation of the gen­ filtrating into respectable organizations jected into the remarks of the gentle­ tleman from Mississippi, subversive. and by forming unrespectable organiza­ man from South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT], SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND. DOLLARS OF tions with deceptively attractive and I desire to say that I yield to no man in TAXPAYERS' MONEY SPENT adroit titles, these Communist foreign the love of my country and its demo­ The Dies committee and the present agents utilize our American freedoms to cratic institutions, and I am sure that committee have expended a total of close undermine and destroy our American every Member whom the gentleman tried on to $700,000 of the taxpayers' money. liberties. Some day I shall discuss some to libel is as patriotic as .I am and as is These 12 skimpy pages of reports based of the other revelations which Dr. the gentleman from Mississippi. on nearly 17 months of investigations Budenz made before our committee. My Mr. Speaker, if I felt and could feel cost the taxpayers about $43,000 and no time today is about exhausted. Before that the committee would investigate recommendations for legislation have as concluding I do, however, desire to call the real subversive activities and un­ yet been made. You owe it to yourselves to the attention of the House the last Atnerican propaganda, I would. vote not to go over these so-called reports. . ... report filed by our committee. It is only for this additional $75,000 but for I am informed that this resolution to Report No. ·1996, filed on the tenth day 5 times or 10 times as much. Unfor­ appropriate an additional $75,000, with of this month, and it is now available tunately, neither the present committee still $7,000 unexpended, was requested in the document room. nor the old Dies committee has func­ from the Committee on Accounts without REPORT NO. 1996 tioned in a way to give me confidence a formal vote of the Committee on Un­ In this report, Mr. Speaker, our com­ in its impartiality of purpose or proce­ American Activities; that only four mem­ mittee directs the attention of the House dure. It is being used for assailing and bers of the Committee on Un-American Ways and Means Committee to a situa­ attacking all persons of liberal views Activities appeared in behalf of the reso­ tion which we discovered in the Treasury who believe in labor, in progressive and lution, while no opponents of the ap­ Department of the United States. It in­ civic organ.jzations, in democratic forms propriation were notified the resolution dicates one of the specific methods by and processes of government, and in our was coming up; that the gentleman from which subversive groups in this country constitutional guaranties of free speech, Mississippi was the only one who spoke .manage to fleece both the general public free religion, free press, and free expres­ at any length; and it has been charged and the Public Treasury at one and' the sion. of opinion. Notwithstanding the that less than a quorum of the Committee same time. I shall not discuss the report statement of the gentleman from Ala­ on Accounts was present to act on the further at this time but I do commend bama [Mr. BOYKIN] that hundreds of request. We all know that the chairman it to the attention of the Congress and subversives have been found as a result of the Committee on Accounts, the the country and especially to the mem­ of the old Dies committee investigations, gentleman from Missouri, whom we ad­ bers of the Ways and Means Committee. they cannot give the names of any per­ mire and have confidence in, is ill in the Mr. Speaker, we are about to vote on sons, after 6 years of expensive investi­ Naval Hospital. We hope he will be able what is tantamount to a resolution to gations, formally cited for un-American to return soon; but the fact remains that continue or to abolish the House Com­ activities, except · the three outstanding at the meeting in which this resolution mittee to Investigate Un-American Ac­ Americans, Robert Morss Lovett, Wil­ was considered neither chairman was tivities. I hope it will be ·a roll~call vote. liam E. Dodd, and Goodman Watson; present, as I have been informed. Each member can thus publicly record and the Supreme Court, in its recent THESE SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED his convictions and he can square his ac­ opinion, has vindicated them. On February 18 I sent to the chairman tion with his own conscience and his FOR ALL THE WORK: 12 PAGES of the Committee on Un-American own constituency. I hope the verdict is The Dies committee and this commit­ Propaganda Activities a letter protesting decisive one way or the other. If America tee have smeared, not one, but thousands against the injudicious l:l-nd one-sided is to remain American, let us be alert to of patriotic men and women, without procedure of the committee counsel and our responsibilities and let us !ace the giving them a chance to defend their staff. I have yet . to receive a reply to issues squarely without alibi, evasion, fair names and reputations. I greatly that letter; but again I wish to bring to 1946 CONGR~SSIONAt REC.ORD.-HOUSE 522l the attention of the committee and the New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana; So far as I am aware, and there has been House that the organizationS that pre­ Florida, and New York. This is definite­ no official statement otherwise to en­ sent a "clear and present danger" to the ly revolutionary; the purpose is to over~ lighten me, neither the old Dies com­ country have not been investigated. I throw this and every democratic govern~ mittee nor the present committee con­ am giving a list here of just a few organ­ ment in the Western Hemisphere by tributed .ane whit to the indictments for izations that are _working against force and violence, and it stems directly seditious 'conspiracy now pending. That America; I will not go into long detail, from the Nazi government. Why is this was done by. the Department of Justice; but I insist that the.se groups are a. not being investigated? by the Office of ·Naval Intelligence, by greater danger to Americanism ·than HIDE UNDER PATRIOTIC NAMES the Military Intelligence, and other those that have been subjected to the statutory investigative agencies. committee's investigations heretofore: I shall not, Mr. Speaker, continue with Yet, if we are to be guided by the gen­ First. Ku Klux ~Ian: Newspapers this catalog of dangerous movements. tleman from Mississippi and others who have been filled with stories for at least There are many more. There are or~ have spoken, we should discontinue these 10 months about the resurgence of the ganizations which before and during the appropriations for Federal investigative Ku Klux Klan in the South and in Cali­ war were recognized tools of the Nazi agencies. fornia; the fiery cross burns on a hun-' Party. Some are appearing again under . dred hills. Klansmen are reported to new names. Some are still functioning FOREIGN-BORN A"RE LOYAL have stolen arms in California; the head under their old names. · As to the gratuitous slur against those of the Klan says he has hundreds of let­ We must not be fooled by high-sound­ Americans of foreign birth or foreign ters applying for membership. It is a ing patriotic and religious names. ·They parentage m~de by the gentleman from .matter of record that before the war the are disguises seized by enemies of this Texas [Mr. SUMNER], as I said to him, • Klan cooperated closely with the Ger­ country to weaken and divide us. Some and I repeat, it was manifestly uncalled man-American Bund to keep America are being operated by, or in cooperation for because those who came to our shores from preparing for the war that was com­ with, the defendants still under indict­ to seek liberty and freedom and oppor­ ing. Why is this un-American organiza­ ment for seditious conspiracy. tunity have proved their loyalty, indus­ tion not being investigated? Let me cite a brief list of organizations try, good citizenship, and patriotism in Second. Nazi Party members lists: known · to have cooperated directly with no uncertain way. They served their Committee counsel said not long ago he Nazi sources to illustrate how they steal country and spilled their blood no less had been ·unable to discover any or­ the trappings of patriotism or religion in World. War I than in World War II; ganized Nazi Party in America. The Kil­ to do their dirty work: Silver Shirts, they acted with valor and distinction gore subcommittee of the Senate Mili­ Anti-Communist Federation of America, and wholeheartedly.. Far from· weaken­ tary Affairs Committee printed a list of KnightG of the White Camelia, Militant ing our form of government and our de­ dues-paying members of the German Christian Patriots, American Nationalist mocracy, they have strengthened it in Nazi Party. Why are they not being in- Confederation, · Christian Mobilizers, every way, have helped to build up, de­ vestigated? · American Nationalist Press Association, velop, and enrich our Nation; and it is in Thi·rd. National Economic Council: Al­ American Guards, Defenders of the great measure P,ue those brave and cou­ most every week I get literature from this American Faith, Order of '76, National rageous adopted sons and daughters that organization headed and run by Merwyn Liberty Party. Those are but a few. we have today the greatest, most pro­ K. Hart. What he preaches is a cor­ Tear away the masks, and you find gressive, and most prosperous country in porate fascism similar to Mussolini's they are conducting a vicious campaign the world. Fascist Italy. Why is this not being in­ of un-Americanism, in violation of our COMMITTEE CLAIMS ARE DOUBTED vestigated? Constitution trying to divide our country Tnose statements of ·great service to Fourth. Phony relief rackets: In and create prejudice against racial and the executive departments-State, Jus­ Cleveland it was found that the Greater religious groups. tice, FBI, War, Navy, and so on-are' Cleveland Committee for Relief o{ Mid­ DANGER FROM FASCISM ridiculous. I have inquired as to .how dle Europe was being organized by Otto Some of the most outstanding Ameri­ many inquiries have been made by the L. Fricke, a former attorney for the Ger­ different departments. They state uni­ man consulate, associated with the Nazi­ can citizens, whom the gentleman from Mississippi surely could not charge with formly that they have made a few in­ financed American Fellowship, and an quiries because they try to obtain perti­ associate of George Sylvester Viereck and being disloyal, have warned us that there is greater danger to our democratic form nent information from every source, Friedrich H. Auhagen, and Karl Ernst, even of this committee; but they state once associated with the official German of government from fascism than from those few misguided and so-called Com­ that they do not rely unduly on this com­ Library of Information publication, mittee. Facts in Review. Before the close of the munists. This committee under the leadership of Mr. Speaker, I have contended in the war Kurt Mertig was organizing a soft­ past, and maintain now, that the FBI, peace movement, using the techniques the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] has been investigating various with its trained investigative staff, is the Viereck used aftet ·world War I. The proper agency .of the Government to in­ generosity of the American people is be­ departments and agencies of the Govern­ ment, trying to create the impression vestigate subversive and un-American ing used by these wily Nazi propagan­ activities. · dists for their own end. Why are they that there are thousands upon thousands not being investigated? of men and women employed by our Gov­ HOW ABOUT MILLIONS OF NAZI VICTI.MS? ernment who are antagonistic to our Fifth. Arab Office: The Anti-Nazi The ·gentleman from ~ississippi, ap­ League has prodtJ,ced documentary evi-. American way of life. Naturally, the parently for no other purpose than to dence that the Arab office maintained in Republicans will support this resolution create resentment and prejudice, would the Wardman Park Hotel has been coop­ because such an investigation reflects up­ .;have us believe that thousands-yes; erating closely with dangerous domestic on the administration adversely and they hundreds of thousands-are being killed organizations and has been engaged in feel they will gain political advantage in· Poland under the new government. propaganda activities to attempt "to con­ from it. They believe prejudice will be When has he shown sympathy for · or trol the thoughts" of Americans. Why created against the administration and called attention to the millions of these has this not been investigated? this will inure to the benefit of their cam­ unfortunate Polish people slaughtered, Sixth. American Action Committee: paign. massacred, burned, starved, beaten, The dangers of ultranationalism have To them, and to those Democrats who. clubbed, and tortured by the Nazis? It been proved in two world wars. Here is follow the gentleman from Mississippi, seems to me he.has shown little interest an ultranationalist coalition trying to [Mr. RANKIN] I 'say candidly they are not in the victims· of Nazi· barbarism and change the American way of life. Is aiding their party.. · cruelty, nor does he point out or criticize this being investigated? MILLIONS FOR STATUTORY AGENCIES the actions (.)f the Nazis, nor of the Seventh. The Spanish Falange and We have appropriated millions for the Fal.angists in Spain, who, according to Synarchism: Many writers have warned· FBI under the leadership of J. Edgar reports, are daily shooting down those· repeatedly about the growth of these Hoover. Only a few days ago the House · who seek freedom from Franco's bloody· twin Fascist movements in California• .. recognized his patriotism and efficiency. oppression and hordes of mercenary 5222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE MAY 17 Moors. At the same time he and his of any propaganda or activity designed American activities investigation work in committee subjected to investigation and to result in the use o{ force or violence the FBI, where I believe it belongs. The public derogation an organization which against our form of government as guar­ fact that we are only taking an hour to­ succored and aided the thousa~ds of anteed by our Constitution. So with me, day. to determine this highly important Spanish citizens who fled for their lives it is not the amount of. money involved matter, and the fact than we only took an to France, Portugal, north' Africa, which is the determining factor. hour in the late contempt citations, Mexico, Cuba, and ~cuador. .The time of 1 hour is entirely inade­ should be proof that this House believes MANY OPPOSE APPROPRIATION quate and insufficient within which to this itself too busy with other matters, which day determine the issues involved, for it considers more important, to give · I have had hundreds of letters and the substantial rights and privileges of enough time to this matter to do it full telegrams, Mr. Speaker, expressing op­ American citizens are this day being de­ justice. position to the continuance of this witch­ termined upon. Frankly, I feel that much Explaining . my . second point,. I will hunting Committee on un-American of the discussion which has preceded has further. say that it is incompatible and Activities and to the granting of any been immaterial and irrelevant, so far inconsistent with the established Ameri­ further funds. I concur wholeheartedly as the issues before us this day are con­ can law to permit any person to sit in in the criticisms made of the committee's cerned. For, Mr. Speaker, the questions dual capacity of judge and jury. It is conduct an·d of the Member most re­ before us to decide are two: First. Is it likewise incompatible to allow any per­ sponsible for bringing it to life and for its necessary to have the "Qn-American Ac­ son to sit as judge or jury where that conduct, made by the gentleman from tivities Committee as a committee of this person has a personal interest in the out­ Washington [Mr. COFFEE], the gentle­ House? Second. Is the committee se.t up come of the matter before the court or men from New York [Mr. MARCANTONIO, as now constituted under House Resolu­ before the committee. Can there be any Mr. CELLER, and Mr. O'TooLE], and tion 5, passed January 3, 1945, consistent question but that at least one member others, and regret that many others de­ and compatible with the established prin­ of our present Un-American Activities sirous of speaking against the appropri­ ciples of law and jurisprudence as pra~­ Committee considers that .he has a per­ ation could not gain time in which to be ticed and followed in our beloved Nation?. ·sonal interest in the outcome of this ap­ heard. Answering my own first question, I will propriation of $75,000, and that. he has The gentleman from Mississippi at all frankly say that I believe the FBI is the a personal interest in perpetuating this times ·boasts that his activities are in only presently duly constituted and Un-American Activities Committee at defense of Christianity. I do not be­ qualified agency of the American Gov­ this time, instead of allowing .the FBI lieve a real Christian would be so unfair, ernment to protect the American Govern­ to do it, when within the last few' minutes unjust, and intolerant of the rights and ment from subversive un-American you heard and saw the distinguished beliefs of others. propaganda activities, either from do­ gentleman from Mississippi ta,ke from I have spoken already of subversive or­ mestic origin or from without our bound-· his pocket and refer to a letter indicat-· ganizations which parade under patriotic aries. A few minutes ago a gentlemen ing that certain groups of people were or religious names and titles when in stated that the FBI was .not authorized soliciting money to campaign against him fact they are and always have been aided under law to make such investigations,. for reelection in his district in Missis­ and financed and supported by Nazi and but I will say that he gave no authority sippi in this very political campaign? Fascist sympathizers at home and abroad, for such a statement and that, assuming Furthermore, I have frequently heard far more dangerous to our free institu-· that his statement ·is well-founded, then several Members of this distinguished tions and national sovereignty than a I advocate the changing of our Federal body who are now strongly in ·favor of committee feeding Spaniards who fled statute so that the FBI is duly authorized appropriating this money, ·speak in· an from death. and a cdncentration camp. within the law to handle this work. We emphatically intolerant vein against cer­ Many of these understudies and paid take our hats off to this great investi­ tain organized groups in America. Yet, hirelings received pay or financial as­ gating agency in all other matters, and some of these very Members indicate they sistance from Vierick and his agents, why should it not apply the same in­ are being opposed for reelection by these some directly and some indirectly. tegrity and ability to investigations of very groups in their own districts. If Vierick has been imprisoned; but his alleged un-Aruerican propaganda as well. that is not establishing that they have a· stooges and hire.lings, many of them, are It is the only agency of our Government personal interest in the outcome of this still at large. Fascism is not dead. The financed, personneled, and, giving full committee's functioning; then what fur­ Nazi idea is not · buried with Hitler. If time to such assigned duties and respon­ ther evidence do we need? And, if any we are to give this money to the com­ sibilities. What objection is there to as­ member of the Un-American Activities mittee on un-American propaganda ac­ signing to it this duty now being more Committee of the House is being opposed tivities, Mr. Speaker, let us be sure it is or less inadequately done by this House for reelection by the group which has going to be used to investigate all kinds committee. . I repeat that with me it is already been investigated or which it is of un-American propaganda. not a matter of expense. It is a mat­ proposed to investigate, how then can Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 ter of believin~ that the FBI is im­ 'that committee member be unbiased and minutes to the gentleman from California mensely more qual~fied and experienced impartial in such investigation in an ·[Mr. DOYLE]. to do this job. It is the agency created for American way? A person undertaking THE AUTHORITY AND FUNCTIONIN~ OF COMMIT­ such purposes, and it is the one agency to sit as a judge in a case and having TEE INCOMPATIBLE WITH ESTABLISHED AMER­ that can do it most efficiently, effective­ such personal interest, would not only be ICAN JURISPRUDENCE ly, and promptly, and without the taint considered unethical and biased, but Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, I voted for of petty politics, personalities, persecu­ might well be considered in terms of im­ the issuance of the contempt subpenas tions, or prosecutions. Therefore, have it peachment if such interest was undis­ asked for by our House Un-American Ac­ understood, gentlemen, that I favor our closed. tivities Committee. If there is any Mem­ form of government being protected­ · Such inconsistencies are not only un­ ber who would be immediately intolerant but to the maximum. Therefore,"! favor fair to the accused or to those being in­ of my words to be this day spoken, that the study and investigation of un-Amer­ vestigated, but such inconsistencies and Member could not have done more than ican activities to be done by the FBI procedures incompatible with our Ameri­ I have in upholding the arms of the com­ and not by a committee of this House can way of life makes the House subject mittee, when apparently within its juris­ which must necessarily be dependent to just condemnation by the American diction as a duly constituted committee of upon change of personnal thereof and· public, in my judgment. Why should this House. May I make it further clear upon other emergencies and expediencies we not apply the same high ethical rules that if the sum of $75 ,000 is not sufficient which do not arise through systematic, of conduct and substantial procedure to to adequately protect the principle of the · thorough-going work by the FBI. We our own committee functioning and American form of government, as desig­ can remove any probability of just criti­ actions, as are universally applied to our nated by our American Constitution as cism or condemnation on our own ~House American courts? No ethical lawyer· against threat of truly subversive activi­ Committee on Un-American .Activities, would tolerate a juQ.ge sitting on a bench ties or destruction by force, either from or any .member thereof acting in the or a juryman in the jury box, known by within or without, then I am in favor of spirit and for the purpose of prosecution .. that lawyer to have a personal interest appropriating a sum which is adequate. or persecution or defiance of political either directly or indirectly in the matter. I will not knowingly tolerate the creation enemies or opponents by placing this un- Why then do we, .:ts s. House of this ~Teat 1946. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5223 Congress, continue to so conduct these - I strongly advocate the earliest possi­ represent the dignity and honor of the matters in a manner which is incompat­ ble determination by Congress of what United States Government and of this ible with the best traditions and prin­ should guide the committee in this par­ House, listened for hours to a ditribe ciples of our established rules of court ticular. I strongly advocate the earliest against our late revered President, ethics and conduct? possible hearing before the- Supreme Franklin D. Roosevelt. They listened If we would be perfectly frank with Court to get a decision on "all fours.'' while an avowed Fascist branded Mr. ourselves and our Nation at this moment, Ours must be a government of funda­ Roosevelt a Communist, a Fascist, and a I doubt not that some Members of this mental laws and not a government de­ traitor. And not one single member of House would be compelled to admit that pendent on pers<>nalities, frailties, or .that comJV,ittee who was present raised they are desirous of appropriating this complexes of men. For this reason, his voice in protest. $75,000 and continuing this committee at among others, I again advocate that Are we to spend the taxpayers' money this time for the reason that the activities tills highly important and necessary to have one of our greatest Presidents of the committee, under its present pol­ work be done by the FBI. I have no vilified? Are we to obtain free publicity icy, will directly or indirectly help to­ sympathy or accord with any person or for the worst enemies of our country to strengthen the political campaign of group of persons who are interested in smear our national leaders? I am con­ some Members in this House. · the overthrow or dissolving of our Amer­ vinced that the Committee on Un­ Is this not an unsound basis on which ican form of government as guaranteed American Activities does not serve the to establish and conduct a committee of by our Constitution. I shall fight to the best interests of this country and I am this house? Is it not rather the rights last ditch against any propaganda so opposed to giving them one red cent to and freedom of American citizens to have designed. I regret any expression in continue their red-baiting and rumor­ the protection of the principle of the · words by any Member of this House mongering. form of our American Government as which may indicate that any Member Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield guaranteed by our Constitution, which of the House who opposes this appropria­ the balance of my time to the gentle­ should be the sole objective of the ex­ tion is therefore classified as un-Ameri­ man from Mississippi . [Mr. RANKIN]. penditure of this money? I believe tnat can. Such expression by any such Mem­ the continuation of our form of govern­ ber is further added proof of such AMERICANISM VERSUS COMMUNISM · ment within the limits of our Constitu­ intolerance of other men's sincere Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, the line tion is the ideal and objective we should opinions, as requires that this sort of is fairly well drawn here today between fight and work for, and that it is shame­ investigation and protection of the Americanism and communism. fully inconsistent for us to allow the po­ American form of government should The ones who attack the Committee litical destiny of any individual, or party, only be done by those who do not have on Un-American Activities and misrep­ or group to be determinative of our ac­ personal political interest in the outcome resent it throughout the country, cf tion in the premises. I believe, further­ thereof, and be done by those who are course, are opposed to one dollar. being more, that any Member of this House primarily charged with that duty. To appropriated for that committee to help who finds he has a personal interest in this end I bespeak that our beloved form protect the American institutions against the outcome of any investigation at any of American gover~ent, as guaranteed un-American activities of those elements time should not function on the com- · by our Constitution, would be best pre­ that are conspiring to destroy this Gov­ mittee, or should at least refuse to sit as served by rules of law consistent with ernment. a member of the committee in its quasi­ our, American jurisprudence instead of The' leader on the other side, the gen­ jurisdictional capacity during the time by the differences of men who do not tleman from New York [Mr. MARCAN­ that such investigation is moving for­ yet have any law or definition to govern TONIO], took considerable pains to at­ ward. That is what an ethical, honest­ · their acts in such matters. tack me . .You remember during the Hit­ to-God judge in a court would do. Why Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I yield ler-Stalin pact, when the Communists should .we establish a committee which 1 minute to the gentleman from Wiscon­ were picketing the White House, the functions in a judicial capacity to a large sin [Mr. BIEMILLERJ. gentleman from New York [Mr. MARCAN­ extent and permit it to violate the estab­ Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, last TONIO] voted against every single appro~ lished tenets of our American juris- week end the Democratic Party of Wis­ priation for national defense, and if his prudence? · consin had its biennial State conven­ policy had been carried out untold thou­ In making these remarks I do not in­ tion at which a thousand delegates were sands of American boys would have died tend to criticize any Member of this present, a good cross-section of the State in this war for want of the weapons with House nor any committee of this House. of Wisconsin, including farmers, busi­ which to 'fight. If I remember correctly, I do criticize the system by which we are ness men, housewives, teachers, and on the vote on one naval appropriation presently functioning in this particular. workers. That convention voted unani­ bill the measure passed by 383 to 1-that Lastly, House Resolution 5 does not de­ mously asking that the Committee on one opposing vote being cast by the gen­ fine nor undertake"to delineate what con­ Un-American Activities be abolished. tleman from New York [Mr. MARCAN­ stitutes un-Amerlcan activities. There This action was taken because the con­ TONIO l. This is no personal matter of is no boundary line, no definition, no vention recognized the smear technique mine. I was not present when the com­ chart or compass by which our com- that is being used, a smear technique as mittee voted to investigate some of these . mittee is governed as to what does or old as American history. In the days ·very organizations that have been men­ does· not constitute un-American activ­ when reactionary and conservative poli­ tioned here today, but when we brought ities. Yes, I know that in section 40 (c) ticians used the word "Jacobin" instead them in and it was indicated that they it specifies that it relates to the diffusion of "Communist" they termed Thomas were engaging in some surreptitious un­ within the United States of subversive Jefferson and his disciples Jacobins. American activities, and the committee, and un-American propaganda. But, That was the great cry of that day. In in accordance with the mandate of this · gentlemen, what is subversive activities? the days of Andrew Jackson, the phrases Congress, demanded that they show their What is un-American _ propaganda? were "Barnburners" and "Loco Focos.'' books, and they refused, we cited them Who is to determine what constitutes In other words, those who fought for for contempt, and ever.yone who has . subversive and un-American activities? democracy and who fought for the rights attacked me or the Committee on Un­ Congress has never defined the same, nor of the people have always been smeared American Activities here today, or prac­ has the Un-American Activities Commit­ by the reactionary and conservative tically every one of them, voted against tee of the House defined what it consid­ politicians. that citation. ers subversive or un-American activities. Wisconsin Democrats believe that is Let me say a word in reply to the gen­ Therefore, we now find ourselves in a what the present set-up is-more smear tleman from Michigan [Mr. SADOWSKI] position where, in this particular, we are technique in the worst tradition of with reference to the Poles-those unfor. governed by the temperaments and· de­ American reactiona!ries. tunate persecuted people of western Eu­ cisions of men who ·are not yet bound by Also we have not forgotten the so­ rope from whom he is descended. I the determination of the Congress as to called investigation of Gerald L~ K. wonder if he knew that the atheistic what Congress itself determines to be Smith,. arch-Fascist, by the Dies com- - Communists have raped more innocent subversive or un-American. mittee# The committee, supposed to women, murdered more innocent men, 5224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 plundered more helpless individuals, and The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ NAY&-81 robbed more homes than has ever been· tleman from Mississippi ·has expired. Bailey Granahan . Marcantonio Baldwin, N. Y. Granger Miller, Calif. done before within the confines of the All time has expired. Barrett, Pa. Green Neely Polish Empire in all the history of Eu-· Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I move Biemiller Hand O'Brien, Ill. rope an civilization? the previous· question. · · Bloom Harless, Ariz. O'Toole In one · of their booklets advocating Bradley, Pa. Havenner Outland The previous question was ordered. Carnahan Healy Price, Ill. a "Negro Soviet" for the Southern The SPEAKER. The question is on Celler Henrick Rabaut States-- the resolution. Coffee Holifield Rabin Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the Crosser Hook Rayfiel Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, Dawson Huber Resa gentleman yield? on that I demand the yeas and nays. Delaney, Hull Robinson, Utah Mr. RANKIN. No; I cannot yield. The yeas and nays were ordered. John J. Izac Rogers, N.Y. In other words, when they take over, Dingell Jackson Rowan The question was taken; and there Douglas, Calif. Johnson, Ryter as the Communist leaders boast they are were-yeas 240, nays 81, answered "pres­ Douglas, Ill. Lyndon B. Sa bath going to do, the white women of the ent" 1, not voting 108, as follows: Doyle Kean Sadowski South would suffer the same fate as is Eberharter Kee Savage [Roll No. 123) Enge,l. Mich. Kefauver Sheridan now being meted out to the helpless Feighan Kelley, Pa. Smith, Maine Christian women of Poland. YEA&-240 Fernandez Keogh Somers, N.Y. Mr. SADOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, will Abernethy Fuller Murphy Flood King Spence the gentleman yield to me, because he Allen, Ill. Gary Murray, Tenn. Fogarty Klein Stockman Allen, La. Gathings Murray, Wis . . Gallagher Kopplemann Sullivan mentioned my name? Almond Gibson Norblad Gardner McGlinchey Thomas, Tex. Mr. RANKIN. No, Mr. f:ipeaker, I de­ Andersen, Gillespie Norrell Geelan M'ldden Tolan cline to yield. He got up here and made H. Carl Gillie O'Brien, Mich. Gordon Mam:field, voorhis , Calif. Anderwn, Calif. Goodwin O'Hara Gorski Mont. Woodhouse an unwarranted attack on me a while Andresen Gossett O'Konski ~. go, and I shall decline to yield to him. August H. Grant, Ala. O'Neal ANSWERED "PRES~T"-1 By his attacks on this committee, he is Andrews, Ala. Grant, Ind. Pace Murdock Angell Gregory Pet erson, Fla. encouraging those Communists who are Arends · Griffiths Peterwn, Ga. NOT VOTING 108 destroying the Christian people of Po­ Arnold Gross Philbin Adams Gearhart Morgan land and plotting the overthrow of the Auchincloss Gwlnn, N.Y. Phillips Andrews, N. Y. Gerlach Norton Government of the United States. Barrett, Wyo. Gwynne, Iowa Pickett Baldwin, Md. Gifford Patman Barry Hagen Pittenger Barden Gillette · _Patrick Some men came in to see me the other Bates, Ky. Hale Ploeser Bell Gore Patterson day, men with the strains of worry in Bates, Mass. Hall, Poage Bender Graham Pfeifer their faces. They said, "We are not from Bealf Edwin Arthur Price, Fla. Bennet, N.Y. Hall, Plumley Beckworth Halfeck Priest Blackney Leonard W. Powell Europe, but our people live there." Bennett, Mo. Hancock Rains Bland Harris Quinn, N.Y. Some of them were in Poland, some in Bishop Hare Ramey Bonner Hart :aeece, Tenn. Czc~hoslovakia, some in Latvia, Lithu­ Bolton Harness, Ind. Randolph Boren Hartley Rich ania, and some of them were from other Boykin Hays Rankin Brumbaugh · Hebert Robertson, Bradley, Mich. Hendricks Reed, Ill. Buckley Heffernan N.Dak. Communist;occupied countries. They Brehm Henry Reed, N. Y. Bunker Himhaw Rodgers, Pa. said, "Letters are pouring into our people Brooks Herter Rees, Kans. Byrne, N. Y. Hoch Roe. Md. not by the tens, not by the thousands or Brown, Ga. Heselton Richards Cannon, Fla. Holmes, Mass. Roe, N. Y. Brown, Ohio Hess Riley Carlson Holmes, Wash. Rooney the tens of thousands, but by the hun­ Bryson Hill Rivers Case, N.J. Horan Russell dreds of thousands from the Christian Buck Hobbs Rizley Clark Jarman Sheppard men and women of occupied Europe ap­ Buffett Hozven Robertson, Va. Clason Jenkins Simpson, Pa. Bulwinkle Eofiman Robsion, Ky. Cochran Johnwn, Ind. Starkey pealing to America to do something, to Burch Hope Rockwell Cole, N.Y. Kerr Stewart get America to put a stop to the raping Butler Howell Rogers, Fla. Combs Kinzer Stigler of innocent women," .Christian women, Byrnes, Wis. Jennings Rogers, Mass. Courtney Kirwan Sundstrom Camp Jen sen Sasscer Curley Knutson Tay;or if you please, the people from whom Campbell Johnson, Calif. Schwabe, l'yfo. De Lacy Kunkel Thorn many of you sprang, "the murdering of Canfield Johnson, Ill. Schwabe, Okla. Delaney, LaFollette Thomas, N. J. inno::!ent men, the plundering of their Cannon, Mo. Johnson, Scrivner James J. Lea Torrens homes and the robbing of the peasants." Case, S.Dak. Luther A. Shafer D'Ewart LeCompte To we Chapman Johnson, Okla. .Snarp Domengeaux Link Traynor Read our own press reports of what took Chelf Jones Short Elliott Luce Walter place in Bulgaria and shudder. Chenoweth Jonkman Sikes Engle, Calif. Ludlow WaEielewski This same element of atheistic Com­ Chiperfield Judd Simpson, Ill. Folger Lynch Weaver Church Kearney S ~ augh ter Forand McCormack Welch munists are undermining this Govern .. Clements Keefe Smit h , Ohio Fulton McDonough White ment, raising money, if you please, to go Clevenger Kell y, Ill. . Smit h, Va. Gamble Mankin Wolfenden, Fa. into the individual congressional dis­ Clippinger Kilburn Smit h, Wis. Gavin Monroney . Wood Cole, Kans. Kilday Sparkman tricts to try to defeat real American Cole, Mo. Landis Springer So the resolution wa5 agreed to. Congressmen in order to get control of Colmer Lane Stefan The Clerk announced the following the Government of the United States. Cooley Lanham Steven son pairs: They shall not pass! Cooper Larcade Sumner, Ill. Corbett Lat h am Sumners, Tex. On this vote: Now let us call the roll. cox LeFevre Taber Mr. Taylor for, with Mr. Forand against. Mr. L.ARCADE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in Cravens Lem ke Talbot Mr. Knutson for, with Mr. De Lacy against. Crawford Lesinski Tal!e support of the pending legislation, and I Cunningham Lewis Tarver Mr. Roe of Maryland for, with Mr. Bennet desire to 1ay that it is my opinion that, Curtis Lyle Thomason of New York against. it is more important than ever in the D'Alesandro McConnell Tibbott Mr. Jenkins for, with Mr. Rooney against. history of our country that the work and Daughton, Va. McCowen Trimble Mr. Thomas of New Jersey for, with Mr. activities of the Committee on Un­ Davis McGehee Vinson Patterson against. Dirksen McGregor Vorys, Ohio Mr. Domengeaux for, with Mr. Powell American Activities should continue. Dolliver McKenzie Vursell Mr. Speaker, I think that this appropria­ Dondero McMillan, S. C. Wadsworth against Daughton, N.C. McMlllen, Ill. Weichel Mr. Horan for, with Mr. Pfeifer against. tion will be money expended in a most Drewry Mahon West Mr. Roe of New York for, with Mr. Fuiton important and necessary way. Mr. Durham Maloney Whitten against. Speaker, I wish at this time to say also Dworshak Manasco Whittington Mr. Kinzer for, with Mr. Bender against. Earthman Mansfield, Tex. Wickersham that I appreciate the work that the Eaton Martin, Iowa Wigglesworth Mr. Wood for, with Mr. Torrens against. former Committee on Un-American Ac­ Ellis Martin, Mass. Wilson General pairs until further notice: tivities performed under the leadership Ellsworth Mason Winstead Elsaesser Mathews Winter 'Mr. Sheppard with Mr. Plumley. of a former Member of this House, the Elston May Wolcott Mr. Bell with Mr. Rich. Honorable Martin Dies, and I would re­ Ervin Merrow Wolverton, N.J. Mr. Engle of California with Mr. Simpson spectfully recommend to the Members of Fallon Michener Woodruff of Pennsylvania. this House, for preferred reading, the Fellows Miller, Nebr. Worley Fenton Mills Zimmerman Mr. Bunker with M;r. Johnson of Indiana. book entitled "Trojan Horse in America" Fisher Morrison Mr. Heffernan with Mr. Wolfenden of Penn­ the au:hor of which is Mr. Martin Dies. - Flannag3n Mundt sylvania. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECQRD-HOUSE 5225 ( Mr. Patman with Mr. Blackney. Mr. GOODWIN asked and was given Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina. Mr. Hart with Mr. D'Ewart. permission to extend his remarks in the Mr. Speaker, House Joint Resolution 353 Mr. Hebert with Mr. Holmes of Massachu- setts. RECORD and include an editori.al. is an amendment to the Revenue Act of Mr. Quinn of New York with Mr. Graham. Mr. WOODRUFF asked and was given 1942 further extending the time for the Mr. Hoch with Mr. Holmes of Washington. permission to extend his remarks in the release of powers of appointment for the Mr. Monroney with Mr. Cole of New York. RECORD in two instances, in one to in­ purposes of certain provisions of the In­ Mr Courtney with Mr. Hartley. clude an address by Herbert Hoover, and ternal Revenue Code. It has been ex­ Mr. Walter with Mr. Gamble. in the other to include an editorial. tended several times in order to allow Mr. Wasielewski with Mr. Carlson. Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois asked and those persons holding such powers to re­ Mr. James J. Delaney with Mr. Brumbaugh. was given permission to extend his re­ adjust their affairs and release such Mr. Folger with Mr. Reece of Tennessee. / marks in the RECORD and include an edi­ powers without incurring liability to es­ Mr. Lynch with Mr. Weich. torial. Mr. Gore with Mr. Rodgers of Pennsylvania. tate or gift tax. The Bureau of Internal Mr. Link with Mr. Gifford. Mr. ARENDS asked and was given per­ Revenue, the Treasury Department, and Mr. Boren with Mr. Clason mission to extend his remarks in the the staff of the Joint Committee on In­ · Mr. Harris with Mr. Gillette. RECORD in two instances, in each instance ternal Revenue Taxation are studying Mr. Byrne of New York with Mr. sund- to include an editorial from the New this matter, and they think they will strom. York Times. soon be able to make a report as to cer­ · Mr. Lea with Mr. Kunkel. Mr. PITTENGER asked and was given tain changes necessary to be made in Mr. Cochran with Mr. LeCompte. permission to extend his remarks in the the law. It is important that we grant Mr. Bonner with Mr. Robertson of North' RECORD and include a newspaper article this further extension in order to give Dakota. written by Roy Richards which appeared Mr. Combs with Mr. Andrews of New York further time so that the matter can be in the newspapers of May 15. studied and appropriately legislated The result of the vote was announced Mr. JUDD asked and was given per­ upon. May I say that it has the unani­ as above recorded. mission to extend his remarks in the mous approval of the Committee on A motion to reconsider was laid on the RECORD and include a press statement. Ways and Means. table. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin asked and Mr. REED of New York. Mr.. Speaker, GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND REMARKS was given permission to extend his re­ will the gentleman yield? · marks in the RECORD in three instances, Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina. Mr. BOYKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask in two to include editorials, and in the I yield to the gentleman from New York. unanimous consent that all Members third, a news item. Mr. REED of New York. It amounts may have five legislative days in which Mr. MUNDT asked and was given per­ to extend their remarks on the resolu­ to this as the lowest common denomina­ mission to extend his remarks in the tor: Under the revenue law of 1926- these tion just passed. RECORD and include an editorial entitled estates, where there was an appointment The SPEAKER. Is there objection to "Let's Talk Direct to Russia" taken from either to a person to handle the estates the request of the gentleman from Ala­ the Detroit Free Press. or the person administering them in a bama? Mr. HAVENNER asked and was given will or trust or otherwise, escaped taxa­ There was no objection. permission to extend his remarks in tl;le tion. The law was changed in 1942 to PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE REcORD and include a statement by the make them taxable, F..nd the result has - legislative director of the American Vet­ been that hundreds of thousands of wills Mrs. DOUGLAS. of California. Mr. erans of the World War concerning vet­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that have had to be reexamined and are still erans' pensions, together with a table. being reexamined throughout the coun­ on Thursday next after disposition of Mr. RANDOLPH asked and was given matters on the Speaker's desk and at the try. These extensions are simply to do permission to extend his remarks in the justice to these people who drew their conclusion of any special orders hereto­ RECORD and include an editorial. fore entered I may have permission to wills and made these appointments under Mr. FERNANDEZ asked and was given the law of 1926. address the House for 1 hour. permission to extend his remarks in the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to RECORD and include a copy of the pro­ This joint resolution extends to July the request of the gentlewoman from 1, 1947, the period for releasing certain gram for the memorial services to be powers of appointment without incur­ California? held on May 28. There was no objection. ring liability for estate or gift taxes. INTERNAL REVENUE CODE EXTENSION OF REMARKS The Revenue Act of 1942 made a num­ Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina. ber of significant changes in the law Mr. LANE asked and was given per­ Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent dealing with powers of appointment mission to extend his remarks in the REc­ for the immediate ·consideration of which affected holders of ·preexisting ORD in two instances and to include two House Joint Resolution 353. powers, among which there were many resolutions. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ fiduciaries. Mr. BUNKER asked and was given per­ lows: To determine whether these powers, mission to extend his remarks in the Resolved, etc., That section 403 (d) (3) of even though not exercised, were subject RECORD. the Revenue Act of 1942 (relating to the re­ to the estate or gift tax, required a thor­ Mr. McGEHEE asked and was given lease of certain powers of appointment) is ough investigation 9f many trust instru­ permission to extend his remarks in the amended by striking out "July 1, 1946" ments and wills and involved compli­ RECORD and include an article by Oscar wherever it appears and inserting in lieu cated questions of interpretation of State Vogl. thereof "July 1, 1947"; and section 452 (c) and local law. of the Revenue Act of 1942 is amended to Mr. VOORHIS of California asked and read as follows: In order to enable holders of these was given permission to extend his re­ "(c) Release before July 1, 1947: powers to adjust their affairs in the light marks in the REcORD on two subjects and "(1) A release of a power to appoint be­ of new legislation, Congress provided in to include extraneous matter in both in­ fore July 1, 1947, shall not be deemed a the Revenue Act of 1942 that such pow­ stances. transfer of property by the individual pos­ ers cou~d be released prior to January 1, Mr. SADOWSKl. asked and was given sessing such power. 1945, if the power was created on or be­ permission to extend his remarks in the "(2) This suosection shall apply to all fore October 21, 1942. Subsequent RECORD and include a speech delivered by calendar years prior to 1947 and to that amendments have extended this date to Secretary Wallace at Detroit. part of the cal~ndar year 1947 prior to July July 1, 1946. Mr. ROWAN asked and was given per­ 1, 1947." The entire legislation of the 1942 act mission to extend his remarks in the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to relating to powers of appoint ment is RECORD and include an article from the the request of the gentleman from being reexamined by our joint staff, the Chicago Tribune on heroism of our col­ North Carolina? Treasury staff and outside groups, in­ league, EDWARD A. KELLY. Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, cluding the American Bar Association Mr. REED of New York asked and was reserving the right to object, I would like and the American Bankers Association, given permission to extend his remarks to have an explanation of this resolu­ and undoubtedly, amendatory legisla ­ in the REconD and include an editorial. tion. tion will be proposed. 5226 eONGRESSIONAL R-ECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 It is is believed that the studies of these which .was entirely satisfactory. The centum or $250 per annum whichever is the groups will have been completed in suf­ final result appears to me to be unusually greater, except that no such rate shall be increased by more than 25 per centum. ficient time to pe;rmit us to legislate on good, considering .the extreme positions Such augmented rates shall be considered to this matter prior to July 1, 1947, par­ from which the committee had to work. be the regular rates of basic co~pensation. I congratulate the conferees on the work ticularly in connection with preexisting "INCREASE IN STATUTORY PAY RATES IN THE powers. they did, and express my appreciation of · EXECUTIVE BRANCH NOT UNDER CLASSIFICA­ In view of these considerations, our the long series of conferences they had TION ACT committee has deemed it advisable to and the effort they put forth to ac­ "SEc. 4. Rates of basic compensation spe­ grant a further extension for the release complish the results achieved. cifically provided by statute (including any of powers of appointment. · This reso­ Mr. RANDOLPH. I thank the gentle­ increase therein computed in accordance lution, accordingly, extends the grace man. with section 602 (b) of the Federal Employees period up to July 1, 1947, so that the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Pay Act of 1945) for positions in the execu­ the request of the gentleman from West tive branch or the District of Columbia matter can be entirely canvassed and municipal government which are not in­ desirable changes made. · Virginia? cluded in section 102, as amended, of the . The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection . Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945 or in the request of the gentleman from North The Clerk read the statement. the District of Colui.Ubia Teachers' Salary Carolina? The conference report and statement Act of 1945, and are not increased by any are as follows: other provision of this Act, are hereby in:. There was no objection. creased by 14 per centum or $250 per annum The joint resolution was agreed to. · CONFERENCE REPORT whichever is the greater, except that no A motion to reconsider was laid on the such rate shall be increased by more than table. The committee of conference on the dis­ 25 per centum. Such augmented rates agreeing votes of the two Houses on the shall be considered to be the regular rates of FEDERAL EMPLOYEES PAY BILL OF 1946· amendments of the House to the bill (S. basic compensation. 1415) to· increase the rates of compensation Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I call of officers and employees of the Federal Gov­ "INCREASE IN PAY RATES IN THE LEGISLATIVE up the conference report on the bill nactment of this Act, be paid ing therefor the following: " 'The annual rates of compensation for provision of law specifically ~ . uthorizes tbe with respect to any pay period, basic com­ employment or payment of salaries of per­ pensation, or basic compensation plus any positions in this grade shall be $3,200, $3,- 310, $3,420 $3,530, $3,640, $3,750, and $3,860.' sonnel in excess of such number, or exempts additional compensation provided by the such· department, establishment, or agency Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as "(c) With resp~ct to grades 9 and 10 of the from the provisions of this subsection, and amended, at a rate in e;xcess of $10,000 per Crafts, Protective, and Custodial Service, the increase in rates of basic compensation pro­ any such employment or payment not ao' annum. authorized shall be deemed to be a violation "VESSEL EMPLOYEES vided by section 2 of this Act shall be com­ puted on the rates of basic compensation es­ of the provisions of section 3679 of the Re­ "SEC. 8. (a) Section 102 (d) of the Federal tablished for such grades, as amended by sub­ vised Statutes of the United States (U.S. C., 1940 edition, title 31, sec. 665). Employees Pay Act of 1945 is amended to read sections (a) and (b) of this section. as follows: "'(3) The provisions of this subsection "GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE " ' (d) This Act, except sections 606 and shall not apply with respect to employees 607, shall not apply to employees of the "SEc. 13. This Act and any other general whose basic compensation is fixed and ad­ Transportation Corps of the Army of the legislation heretofore or hereafter enacted justed from time to time in accordance with United States on vessels operated by the governing the employment, compensation, prevailing rate!! by wage boards or similar United States, to vessel employees of the emoluments, and status of offi.cers and em­ administrative authority serving the same Coast and Geodetic Survey, to vessel em­ ployees of the United States shall apply to purpose. The provisions of subparagraph (A) officers and employees of the General Account­ of paragraph ( 1) shall not apply with respect ployees 1 of the Department of the Interior, or to vessel employees of the Panama Rail­ ing Office in the same manner and to the to offi.cers and employees in the field service r!)ad Company.' same extent as if such oftlcers and employees of the Post Oftlce Department or to offi.cers "(b) Section 606 of such Act is amended were in or under the executive branch of the and employees of the Veterans' Administra­ to read as follows: Government. tion, but shall apply with respect to officers "PERSONNEL CEILINGS and employees outside. the United States " 'VESSEL EMPLOYEES whose compensation is fixed in accordance " 'SEc. 606. Employees of the Transporta­ "SEc. 14. (a) Section 607 of the Federal Em­ with the Classification Act of 1923, as amend­ tion Corps of the Army of the United States ployees Pay Act of 1945 is amended by add­ ed, and who are not excluded from the pro­ on vessels operated by the United States, ing at the end thereof a new subsection as visions of this section by the provisions of vessel employees of the Coast and Geodetic follows: subsection (f). The provisions of subpara­ Survey, vessel employees of the Department "'(g) (1) In carrying out the provisions of graph (B) of paragraph (1) shall not apply of the Interior, and vessel employees of the subsection (b) of this section- with respect to officers and employees outside Panama Railroad Company, may be compen­ " • (A) with respect to the departments the several States and the District of Colum­ sated in accordance with the wage practices (other than the Department of War and the bia.' of the maritime industry.' Department of the Navy), establishments, "(b) Effective October 1, 1946, subsection and a~encies (including Government-owned (f) of such section is amended by striking "COMPENSATORY TIME OFF FOR IRREGULAR OR or controlled corporations) in the executive OCCASIONAL OVER~E WORK out '(1) employees of the War and Navy De­ branch, the Director shall so determine the partments except those who are subject to "SEc. 9. Section 202 (a) of the Federal Em­ numbers of full-time civilian employees and the provisions of titles II and III of this Act; ployees Pay Act of 1945 is amended by strik­ the man-months of part-time employment or (2) '. ing ou.t 'forty-eight hours' and inserting in on the basis of the relative needs of such lieu thereof 'forty hours'. departments, establishments, and agencies for "APPROPRIATIONS A UTHORIZFD "NIGHT PAY DIFFERENTIAL personnel, that the aggregate number otsuch "SEC. 15. There are hereby authorized to "SEc. 10. That part of section 301 of the civilian employees (including the full-time be appropriated such sums as may be neces­ Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945 which pre.: equivalent of man-months of part-time em­ sary to carry out the provisions of this Act. cedes the first proviso is amended to read as ployment) shall not exceed (i) five hundred "EFFECTIVE DATE and twenty-eight thousand nine hundred and follows: 'Any officer or employee to whom "SEc. 16. This Act, except section 14 (b). this title applies who is assigned to a regu­ seventy-five for the quarter beginning Oc­ tober 1, 1946;· (11) five hundred and one thou­ shall take effect on July 1, 1946." larly schedul€d tour .of duty, any part of And the House agree to the same. • ·Which, including overtime, falls between the sand seven hundred and seventy-one for the quarter beginning January 1, 19"47; (iii) four That the title of the bill be amended to hours of 6 o'clock; postmeridian and 6 o'clock read as follows: "An Act to increase the rates antemeridian, shall, for duty between such hundred and seventy-four thousand five hun­ dred and sixty-seven for the quarter begin­ of compensation of officers and employees hours, excluding periods when he is in a of the Federal Government, and for other leave status, be paid compensation at a rate ning April 1; 1947; and (iv) four hundred and forty-seven thousand three hundred and six­ purposes.'~ 10 per centum in excess of his rate of basic JENNINGS RANDOLPH, compensation for duty between other hours:'. ty-three after June 30, 1947; "'(B) with respect to the Department of HENRY M. JACKSON, "PAY FOR HOLIDAY WORK War and the Department of the Navy, the GEORGE P. MILLER, "SEC. 11. That part of the first sentence of Director shall so determine the numbers of EDWARD H. REES, section 302 of the Federal Employees Pay civilian employees (including the full-time JOHN W. BYRNES, . Act of 1945 which precedes the proviso is equivalent of man-months of part-time em­ Managers on 'the Part of the House. amended to read as follows: 'Any oftlcer or ployment) that at the earliest date practi­ SHERIDAN DOWNEY, employee to whom this title applies who is cable, but in no event later than July 1, 1947, HARRY BYRD, assigned to duty on a holiday designated by the number shall not exceed one hundred and B. B. HICKENLOOPER, Federal statute or ~e<;utive order during seventy-six thousand with respect to the De- Manager~$ on the Part oj the Senate. 5228 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17

STATEMENT Directors of tp.e Tennessee Valley Authority The conference substitute provides a plan The managers on the part of the House and the Chairman ·of the Advisory Board of requiring the absorption .of a major part of at the conference on the disagreeing votes the Inland Waterways Corporation. This was the pay increases through a gradual reduc­ of the two Houses on the amendments of consistent with the policy of the bill as re­ tion of personnel during tlie fiscal year 1947. the House to the bill (S. 1415) to increase ported to the House, since such bill repealed' Such substitute amends section 607 of the the rates of compensation of officers and the salary ceiling of $10,000 per annum estab­ Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, which employees of the Federal Government, sub­ lished by the Federal Employees Pay Act of imposes upon the Director of the Bureau of mit the following statement in explanation 1945. The House, after adopting subsection the Budget the duty of est ablishing quar­ of the effect of the action agreed ut>on by (c) , restored the $10,000 ceiling on salaries, terly personnel ceilings, by adding a new sub­ the conferees and recommended in the ac­ but these subsections remained in the bill section (g) requiring the Direct or in estab­ companying conference report: as passed by the House. Since head:; of de­ lishing such ceilings to determine the num­ The House amendment to the text of the partments and agencies receive salaries of ber of employees in the executive branch (ex­ bill 'strikes out all -of the Senate bill after $10,000 per annum or more these subsections cept employees of the War and Navy D3part­ the enacting clause. The committee of con­ are meaningless and- are therefore omitted ments and employees referred to in the fol­ ference recommends that the Senate recede from the conference substitute. lowing paragraph) so that the aggregate number will not exceed 528,975 for the quar­ from its disagreement to the amendment of JUDICIAL BRANCH the House, with an amendment which is a ter beginning October 1, 1946, 501 ,771 for the Section 521 of the Federal Employees Pay quarter beginning January 1, 1947, 474,567 subsitute for both the Senate bill and the Act of 1945 increased the limitations of $6,- House ·amendment, and that the House agree for the quarter beginning April 1, 1947, and 500 and $7,500 upon the salaries of secretaries 447,363 after June 30, 1947. If these limita­ to the same. and law clerks of circuit and district judges Except for the differences noted in the tions on employment are adhered to, there contained in the Judiciary Appropriation will result a saving during the fiscal year 1947 following statement, the conference substi­ Act, 1946,. by the amounts necessary t.o pay tute is the same as the House amendment. with respect to the employees affected of· ap­ the additional basic compensation provided proximately 75 percent of the cost of the INCREASE IN RATES OF BASIC COMPENSATION by such section. Since these limitations are increases in compensation granted by this The House amendment increases the rate being repeated in the Judiciary Appropria­ bill and an absorption of more than the of basic compensation of. each officer and tion Act, 1947, the conference substitute adds entire cost of the increases for succeeding employee in the executive, legislative, and ·language to the second sentence of section fiscal years. At the same time the number judicial branches of the Federal Go7ern­ 521 which also increases. the same limitations of employees will not be reduced to as low ment and the District of Columbia govern­ in the 1947 Appropriation Act and in any a figure as would be the case if the total cost ment to- whom the amendment applies by subsequent appropriation act. of the increases were absorbed during the $·1:00 per annum over his present rate. . The Section 6 of the Hotise amendment re­ fiscal year 1947. The number of employees Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945 increased pealed section 522 of the Federal Employees stipulated for each quarter is based on an each of the rates of basic compensation con­ Pay Act of 1945 which authorized, until June initial estimate of 556,17:> on June 30, 1946, tained in section 13 of the Classification Act 30, 1947, additional compt'msation, in lieu of and on the assumption that the reduetions to of 1923 on June 30, 1945, by 20 percent of. overtime pay, at the rate of 10 percent on meet the respective ceilings will take place that part thereof which is not in excess of n9t to exceed $2,900 of salary, for officers and gradually throughout the preceding quarter. $1,200 per annum, plus 10 percent of that · employees in the judicial branch. The con­ In view of the existing uncertainty as to the part thereof which is in excess· of $1,200 ·but ference substitute is in agreement with the ·personnel requirements of the War and Navy not in excess of $4,.600, plus 5 percent of that House amendment in this respect, except Departments during the co~rse of the fiscal part thereof which is in excess of $4,600. that it provides that additional compensa­ year 1947, such departments are not required The Senate amendment strikes out such tion in lieu of overtime pay shall be paid, on to meet centngs quarterly, but the Director of rates of increase and substitutes therefor a perm anent basis, to officers and employees the Bureau of the Budget is requirJld to effect 36, 18, and 9 percent, respectively. The con-. of the Supreme Court of the United St ates, a reduction so that at the earliest practicable ference substitute provides for an increase at the rate of 10 percent of their aggregate date, but in no event later than July 1, 1947, of 14 percent or $250 per annum, whichever salary, and that such additiona.l compensa­ the number of civilian personnel will not ex­ is greater, over the present rate of basic tion shall be regarded as a part of basic ceed 176,000 in the War Department and compensation of each officer and employee compensation for the purposes of the Civil 100,000 in the Navy Department. · ln the executive, legislative, and judicial Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as The employees of the Veter'ans' Adminlstra·­ branches of the Federal Government and the amended. · tion, employees in the field service of ''the District of Columbia government to whom PERSONNEL CEILINGS Post Office Department, employees of· the the substitute applies, except that any such The House amendment contains a proviso government-of the District of Columbia, and rate of compensation shall not be increased in section 14 which states that, except in the . employees whose basic compensation is fi«ed by more than 25 percent. ·case of the Veterans' Administration, no and adjusted from time to time in accord­ As compared with the conference substi­ greater e.mo·unt shall be appropriated to any dance with prevailing rates by wage boards tute providing an over-all average increase executive department or agency for salaries or similar ad:ffiinistrative authority serving of 11: .2 percent, the House amendment in­ for the fiscal year 1947 than the amount made the same purpose, are exempted from th.e creases the basic compensation of each offi­ available for such purpose for the fiscal year . ceilings fixed by this subsection, but em­ cer and employee at an average rate of 17.1 1946. The purpose of this proviso is, of ployees, other than those of the War· and percent. The Senate bill provides an aver!lge course, to absorb the cost of the increases in Navy Departments, outside the United States ·increase of 11 percent over the present rates. compensation granted by .the bill to em­ whose compensaiton is fixed in accordance Except for the operation of tbe provisions ployees in the executive branch by . reducing with the Classifi.cation .Act of 1923, and wh.o of section 14 (a), discussed hereafter,• rela­ the nUI!lber of such employees. · are not exclu~ed from the provisions of sec­ tive annual costs of such increases in basic It would be a practical impossibility to tion 607 by subsection (f) of such section, compensation of officers and employees in the separate from the service as of the close of are included. With respect to· the War imd executive branch as of June 30, 1946, com­ business on June 30, 1946, the entire num­ Navy Departments, only employees in tne puted on the b~sis of 970,647 employees, are ber of employees necessary to absorb the cost · several States and the District of Columbia shown. by the following figures: House of such increases. Moreover", if the separa­ are included in the ceilings. ·amendment -"$388,300,000'; Senate bill $248,- tions were averaged throughout the.fiscal year Subsection (g) also provides that any em­ 500,000; and the conference substitute 1947, twice the number of employees would ployment of, · or payment of compensation $321,700,000 . have to be discharged to accomplish this pur­ to, a greater number of employees than the Under the operation of section 14 (a), the pose. This would result in reducing total number determined by the Director of the cost of the conference substitute would be personnel to a point which would absorb Bureau of the Budget with respect to any reduced by approximately 75 percent for the twice the cost of the increases-in com,pensa­ depar.tment, establishment, or agency, under fiscal year 1947, so far as the executive branch tion for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1947, authority of such subsection shall be deemed is concerned, outside of the War and Navy and woul.d seriously endanger the ability of to be a viola.tion of section 3679 of the Re- · Departments. the executive departments and agencies to vised Statutes (the antideficiency law) un­ The annual cost of increas·es in basic com­ perform the functions fmposed upon them by less a provision of law specifically authorizes pensa.tion in the legislative and judicial acts of Congress. Also, evidence presented to the employment of, or payment of salaries branches and the District-of Columbia gov­ the conferees led to the conclusion that a to, personnel in excess of the number deter­ ernment under the conference ·substitute limitation based solely upon the amount of mined , by th~ Director, or exempts such de­ would be approximately $4,700,000. funds appropriated or expen~~d fqr persqnal p_artment, establishment, or agency from the Subsections (b) and (c)· of section 4 of services during the fiscal ye~r 1947 _wou~d be provisions of such subsection. . the House amendment are not contained in impracticable· to administer ·and would result ~ection 607 (f) of the Federal E_niployees the conference substitute. Subsection (b) in inequities in application. On the other Pay Act of 1945 excluded from the authority ~as in the bill as reported to the House and hand, it Is apparent that the number of per­ of- the Director of the ·Bureau of the Budget subsection (c) was added on the :floor of the sonnel In the executive branch can be sub­ to establish quarterly personnel ceilings, un­ House. The purpose of these subsections was stantially reduced without affecting the til the cessation of hostilities in World War to extend the benefits of the bill to heads proper and efficient exercise of the author­ II as proclaimed by the President, wage­ of departments and agencies, including the ized functiqns of the executive branch. schedule or prevaUing-rate employees of the 19-46 CONGRESSIONAL' REC0-RD_:._HOUSE 5-2-29 War and Navy Departmt!nts, who were not be a reduction ih the· number of employ­ Mr. ROBSION. of' Kentucky. That 1s subject to titles II and III of that act. Sec­ ees within the structure of our Federal 700,000 or 800,000? tion 14 (b) of the conference substitute brings these employees under the Director's Government. So we have dope, as we be­ ' Mr: RANDOLPH . . That would be ap­ authority in this respect, effective October ljeve, a . two-pronged job. We . have proximately 800,000. 1, 1946.• b_rought about a compromise of the rate · Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Then, JENNINGS RANDOLPH, of pay, but we have done as best we could this bill carries less increase by fifty or HENRY· M. JACKSON, what we felt the House would want -in more million dollars than the bill which GEORGE P. MILLER, connection with a justifiable increase. was passed by the House? EDWARD H. REES, But coupled with that responsibility we Mr. RANDOLPH. The gentleman is JOHN W. BYRNES, have not forgotten and have not turned correct. · Managers on the Part of the House. ·aside from the direction of the House in Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. And reference to the necessity for an orderly Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield that is not taking into consideration the myself 7 minutes. · and needed reduction of the employees decrease in the number of employees? within the Feder~! Government. Mr. RANDOLPH. No; we were sim­ Mr. Speaker, the Senate first gave at­ Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, will ply working on the conference substitute. tention to legislation to bring about an the gentleman yield? The figures I have given you deal with• increase in pay. of Federal employees. Mr. RANDOLPH. I yield to my friend, what we have done in compromise study Later the House acted in that direction, the gentleman from Ohio. between the Senate and the House. and the two measures were sent to con­ · Mr. SMITH of Ohio. What will the Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak­ ference. There were 9 conferees, 5 on total annual cost be of the increases in­ er, will the gentleman yield? the part of the ·Hause and 4 on the part volved in this measure plus the previous Mr. RANDOLPH. I yield. of the other body. The conferees held 12 increases that were given to Federal em­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. How is the sessions. ployees? reduction in the number of employees to I desire at this time to express my per­ Mr. RANDOLPH. In answer to the be handled? Will each department go sonal appreciation as chairman of the gentleman, the cost under the conference through and say, "You reduce a certain House committee uf conference to the substitute would be $321,700,000 annu­ number of employees"? Who eventually gentleman from Washington [Mr. JAcK­ ally. The cost under the bill as it passed makes the decision on who will have to soN], the gentleman fro:t;n California the House would have been $388,300,000. be dismissed? How will that be worked [Mr. MILLER], the gentleman from· Kan­ In other words, we have reduced the cost out by the departments? sas [Mr. REES], and the gentleman from under the original bill by sixty -six or Mr. RANDOLPH. I yield to the gen­ Wisconsin [Mr. BYRNES]. sixty-seven million dollars. We have in­ tleman from Washington. There were many points of difference creased the cost under the original Sen­ Mr. JACKSON. The reduction is between the two approaches in the Sen­ ate bill as reported in the conference worked by an over-all ceiling. That is, ate and House versions. Our task·was a from $248,500,000 to this figure that I instead of being frozen in departments difficult one. · There was an example, by have just presented; there is a top, over-all freeze for the the House members of the conference Mr. SMITH of Ohio. When was the entire Federal service. Then the Bureau committee, of patience and a desire to last raise given Federal employees? of the Budget must make adjustments thoroughly go into all of the points at is­ Mr. RANDOLPH. In 1945 there was within the various agencies and depart­ sue. I think it is important for me to say an upward pay adjustment. ments of the Government. to my colleagues that under the House Mr. SMITH of Ohio. What did that Does that answer the gentleman's bill the· cost of providing increases was amount to? Does the , gentleman re- question? approximately . $388,300,000. The cost member? · Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. There may under the terms of the Senate bill was Mr. RANDOLPH. I cannot give the be some departments within the Govern­ $'248,500,000. The conference substitute ment which cannot have a reduction has set the figure at $321,700,000. That, exact figure. Mr. JACKSON. Mr. Speaker, will the · without seriously affecting the efficiency of course, is a figure considerably under of that department. the amount in the original bill and also gentleman yield? Mr. RANDOLPH. I yield. Mr. JACKSON. That is correct. very materially in excess of that con­ . Mr. RANDOLPH. We have provided tained in the Senate measure. I feel that Mr. JACKSON. I am -unable to give the eX•:1Ct figure, but I would say that a so-called escape clause, where a jus­ it is' important to say also to the mem­ tification for additional employees can be bership that other than the rates of pay the $321,000,000 cost of the proposed measure is absorbed by a reduction in made. I am certain the conferees were we had a very difficult task, and I use the cognizant of the point made by the gen­ word advisedly, of working on an amend­ the number of employees. That is, 75 percent of the $321,000,000 must be . ab­ tleman, because that was brought force- ment which would contain the .essence fully to our attention. · and spirit of the amendment passed in sorbed by a reduction in employees on or before July 1, 1947, and after July 1, Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the I the House bill as offered by the gentle­ gentleman yield? man from Illinois, Representative DIRK­ 1947, the balance of 25 percent is entirely absorbed. · Mr. RANDOLPH. I yield. SEN. The llouse conferees tried . very Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman men­ painstakingly to carry out the will of the Mr. RANDOLPH. I appreciate the confirmation of my earlier statement tioned $331,700,000 as compared with House on that matter. $500,000,000 under the Senate bill. I report to my colleagues that the cost about the absorption of the cost. Mr. SMITH of Ohio. But the gentle­ Mr. RANDOLPH. No; the Senate bill under the conference substitute would was $248,.000,000. be reduced by approximately 75 percent man does not remember what the total Mr. STEFAN. Then this is an in­ for the ·fiscal year 1947 as far as the exe­ amounted to in 1945? _ crease over the Senate? cutive branch of the government is con­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman has Mr. RANDOLPH. Yes; from $248,- cerned, outside of the exemptions which consumed two additional minutes. 500,000 to $321,700,000. we have placed for the War and Navy De­ Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. STEFAN. Does that $331,700,000 partments. So even though we are myself three additional minutes. I de­ mean an additional annual expense to the bringing in a pay increase bill for Federal sire to accommodate other Members who Treasury? · workers, this conference committee, want to speak. Mr. RANDOLPH. That is correct. composed of Democrats and Republicans, Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. Mr. STEFAN. Affecting how many understood full well the intent and the Speaker, will the gentleman yiel!f? employees? action of the House on the Dirksen Mr. RANDOLPH. I yield to the gen­ Mr. RANDOLPH. We based it upon amendment. · tleman from Kentucky. 970,647. That is the computation. , t believe ibis is the first pay raise meas­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. In num­ Mr. STEFAN. Nine hundred and ure brought to the House where its cost, bers, what what does this decrease of 75 seventy thousan·d six hundred and forty­ or a large portion·thereof, is absorbed by percent of the cost provided in -this bill seven? a •reduction in Federal personnel.- We represent? Mr. RANDOLPH . . Understand, those have attempted to put that desirable end Mr. RANDOLPH. From 2,400,000 to other figures I gave of 2,400,000 took in into workable language 'so that there nray 1,600,000 within this period, to July 1947. all categories qf Government. XCII--330 5230 CON-GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 Mr. STEFAN. This, of course, does not the way across the board. In fact, the proves the' amount of money requested. affect the nonclassified employees. legislatio~ proposed in the first instance The matter then goes to the Appropria­ Mr. RANDOLPH. No; and then we by the House committee, provided in­ tions Committee. have made certain other· exemptions. creases entirely on a percentage basis. The Appropriations Committee listens Mr. STEFAN. Then the reduction re­ So, even under that bill, an employee to the testimony of the heads of the garding which my colleague the gentle­ who now receives $1,440 per year would agencies, who, in most instances, are in­ man from Nebraska interrogated the have had an increase of less than $300, terested in building cases of their own, gentleman from West Virginia refers but if he were an $8,000 employee, he and very, very rarely even suggest vol­ only to the 970,647 employees; not to the would get an increase of $2,400. Under untarily they can get along with a lesser other employees of the Government. the proposal I submitted, at that time, number of employees. It is almost pa­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ those in lower brackets would receive in­ thetic to observe that little is done with tleman from West Virginia has expired. creases beginning at a rate of more than respect to control of personnel in any of Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 20 percent on their present pay rates our departments of government. I have 5 minutes to the gentleman from Kansas and percentage would go lower as sal­ tried to call the attention of the mem­ [Mr. REES]. _aries go higher. Lower percentage in­ bership of this House many times to the · Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I creases would apply in the higher brack­ need for an agency to deal with person­ wish first to express my appreciation to ets. nel in government. I have legislation the chairman of my committee [Mr. I am 'not opposed to fair increases to pending on the subject which, if enacted RANDOLPH] for the fairness with which he those in the higher grades, but I still into law, would, in my judgment, reduce has handled this legislation both on the contend that since this legislation is personnel very materially and make for fioor of the House as well as in the com­ based upon the increased cost of living better and more efficient government, mittee. I also· want to thank the mem­ it should be more equitably distributed. and at the same time save hundreds of bers of the subcommittee for the very There is not the wide difft1rence in the thousands of dollars to the taxpayers of cordial treatment I received at their cost of living as indicated in this report. this country. hands during the hearings and during This legislation increases the salaries Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. the presentation of this legislation on in the lower groups about $20 per month. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the fioor of the House. · We did spend In the top groups, it is more than five Mr. REES of Kansas. I yield to the considerable time deliberating with re­ times that amount. It is inequitable, distinguished gentleman from Kentucky, spect to this legislation, and on many but appears to be the best agreement who has watched and studied this prob- . occasions w·e did not fully agree. At all that ceuld be reached under the circum­ lem very closely. times I was accorded full and free dis­ stances. Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Do you cussion. When the bill originally re­ The SPEAKER pro . tempore. The retain the·$10,000 maximum? ported was presented on the fioor of the time of the gentleman from Kansas has Mr. REES of Kansas. We do; yes. House, I was the only member of my expired. That was an amendment I submitted committee · who came to the fioor and Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield when the legislation was considered in expressed opposition to the legislation the gentleman five additional minutes. the House. by filing a minority report. I did not Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speal{er, as Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Under think the legislation was what the House I said a moment ago, this bill provides for this new bill, is the increase 14.3 percent wanted, what the country wanted, or an increase of 14.3 percent in total cost. across the board? that it was really fair to Government The additional three-tenths percent is Mr. REES of Kansas. No. It is 14 per­ employees generally. That legislation, due to the increases in the lower brack­ cent across the board with the exceptions if you will recall, provided 18% percent ets. If I had my way about it I would I mentioned. The extra three-tenths over all for everybody under the classi­ have increased those people even more percent over-all cost comes about be­ fied service, even lifting the ceilings and would not have increased those in cause of increases in the lower brackets. above $10,000. The House, as you know, the higher brackets so much as provided I mean those who would not get the min­ adopted an amendment striking out the in the legislation. That is my own per­ imum of $250 if they were not included~ 18%-perceht provision and substituted sonal view. in that particular minimum. $400 across the board for everybody. Mr. Speaker, we did have considerable Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Those With that having been adopted by the discussion with respect to ceilings on per­ in the lower brackets get an increase of House, the measure went to conference sonnel. An amendment was submitted 14 percent or more? with a far different version adopted in by the gentleman ·from Illinois [Mr. Mr. REES of Kansas. That is correct; the other body. The bill passed by the DIR~N], the so-called Dirksen amend­ and at least $250 increase. I thought the other body provided for increases on a ment, which provided in substance that minimum should be somewhat more and percentage basis, 36 percent on the first increases in cost must be absorbed by a those at the top should be less. . $1,200, then an increase of 18 percent to reduction in personnel. My own recom- . Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Then $4,600, and 9 percent beyond that. mendation was, I thought, a realistic one some in the higher brackets are limited I submitted a proposal to the House and would have reduced the- number of to 14 percent? when the bill was considered here that personnel right down the line. We have Mr. REES of Kansas. All others are I thought was more nearly fair than any a sort of combination in here. We have limited to 14-percent increases. other proposal that had been offered. put a sort of ceiling on personnel in vari­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. On this The House at that time did not really ous departments of government, then we matter of decreasing the personnel, I get to vote on my proposal. Generally have attempted to limit the cost to the thought I got a very clear statement speaking, my proposal provided consid­ amount now being spent for Federal from our colleague, the gentleman from · erably larger increases for those in the employment. It is a sort of notice that West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH], that the lower brackets and not so much for those Congress is in favor of personnel reduc­ reduction between now and next July in the higher brackets. tions. It must not, in any event, be · would be 75 percent, and then in July Mr. Speaker, the legislation embodied construed as .n. "fioor" of employment in 1947, we would absorb the other 25 per­ in this conference report is not entirely any case. cent, taking up this additional increase satisfactory to me. It is, of course, a Mr. Speaker, I want to call attention to provided for fn this bill. Now, as a mat­ compromise that was reached after sev­ another thing. We do not have much ter of figures, how many persons will be eral days of discussion among members control over the number of personnel in , taken off the roll under thiS provision? of the conference committee. the Government. This is a thing I would Mr. REES of Kansas. The aggregate I still contend, as I did when the leg­ like to go on and discuss at some length, number on July 1, outside of the Navy Islation was presented to the House, that but I will not take the time now. We and the Army, is contemplated to be more consideration should have been have a Civil Service Commission with 528,975, then 501,771 for the quarter be­ given to the thousands of employees in quite a staff and organization. We also ginning January 1, 1947, and 447,363 on lower-paid groups. It was contended by have a Bureau of the Budget to which June 30, 1947, a year from now. That is the majority of the membership of the these various agencies of government outside the Army and Navy. conference committee, that the percent­ go and tell how much money they will Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. · As a age of increase should be the same all need. The Bureau of the Budget aP.- total proposition, how many people will ~946 CONGRESSIONAL __ RECORD~HOUSE 5231 it be necessary to remov~ from. the rolls tion is designed or.intended to effectuate respons.ible t.o Congress, that will at all to absorb this increase of $331,000,000 a decrease in the civil personnel of the times keep its hands on the situation in that we are granting in this bill? Government of around 800,000. Is my an effort not only to determine the num­ Mr. REES of Kansas. We are dealing understanding correct? · ber of employees needed, but to suggest now, of course, with those in the classi~ Mr. REES of Kansas. It is about ways and means by which improvement fied service only, and after. January 1 471,000 outside the Army and Navy, about niay be made in Government employ- there should be a reduction of !:J,pproxi­ 100,000 in the Navy, and about 176,000 ment. That phase is very much neg-_ mately .something over 400,000. Outside in the War Department. lected. the Army and Navy. Maybe I am wrong Mr. ·WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, On numerous occasions, as I said at about that figure. wilL the gentleman yield? the beginning of this discussion, I have Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I got the Mr. REES of Kansas. I yield to the called attention to the membership of impression from the gentleman from gentleman from Oklahoma. this House, to the overstaffing of many West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH] that this Mr. WICKERSHAM. I agree with the departments of our Government and that would accomplish a decrease in person­ gentleman ·from Kansas. I think his little consideration is being given by neJ. of around approximately 800,000. original idea of giving a greater amount any of our agencies with respect to re­ Jlr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, that to the lower-paid employees is good. ductions in force. Here we are at the observation is correct, in the over-all em­ However, I intend to vote for the con- present time with twice as many em­ ployment of the Federal Government. terence report. ployees on the pay roll as we had in Mr. REES of Kansas. In ·the over-all . In this conference report do you antici- 1940, even though the war has been over employment of the Federal Government, pate the need of some agencies, like the in Europe for more than a year. We are including the Army and the Navy, that Veterans' Administration and others, to paying as much for Government employ­ figure would be increased according to increase their personnel? Has that been ment at the present time as our entire testimony submitted by about 400,000 taken care of? appropriations amounted to only a com- more. ' Mr. REES of Kansas. That should paratively few years ago. That sort of Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Does the have been explained. The Veterans' Ad- thing just cannot be continued very gentleman mean that no one will get this ministration is not under these ceilings, long. The cost Df Federal employment increase except those in the classified for it is an expanding agency. It is dif- alone is approximately $8,000,000,000 an­ service? ficult now to estimate its needs. So it is nually, or an average of $120 for every Mr. REES of Kansas. I beg the gen- left out as far as ceilings are concerned. family in the United States. tleman's pardon. · It is a special exception. Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Do the Mr. WICKERSHAM. In view of the 2 minutes to the gentleman from Vir­ 2,400,000 individuals get the increase or fact that labor groups and the public ginia [Mr. SMITH]. only those in the classified service? groups have been taken care of, does not Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, . Mr. REES ·Of Kansas. This bill deals the gentleman, coming from an agricul- ~ shall support this conference report . with those in the classified service. tural State, think the farmers should It is a simple measure of justice to carry Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. How can have the benefit of the Case bill, which out the policy of the Government already you get this reduction of 800,000 if you would give them parity for their prod- established in industrial wages, for it is are only dealing in the first instance with ucts? an increase in order to meet the higher 900,000 plus? Mr. REES of Kansas. We are not . cost of living. I have felt, however, that Mr. REES of Kansas. The reason for discussing the Case bill now, but in an- it would have been fairer, as long as this that is that it is contemplated by the swer to the gentleman may I say -that is, so to speak, a bread-and-butter bill, various departments of Government that the farmers are just as much entitled if we had had a larger increase for the they will have a reduction by that time. to an increase in their income as any lower-paid employees and a smaller in­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. My other group in the country. I do appre- crease for the higher-paid employees. question was to the effect that through ciate the gentleman's interest in the However, I do think the House Commit­ the provisions of this bill itself there farmers of this country. Incidentally, · tee on the Civil Service and the com­ would be a reduction effectuated that the farmers are going to have a time iri mittee of conference have done an would absorb this $331;000,000 increase, attempting to meet the goals set for earnest and sincere job and have reached Qr approximately that, and the g~ntle­ them. the best conclusion they could in bring- man from West Virginia said that that One thing that has been emphasized ing together the conflicting views of all would represent about 800,000. I am by reason of these conference discus- ·of us. I congratulate them upon it, and somewh_at confused on these figures. · sions. is the need for dealing with the shall certainly support the conference Mr. REES of Kansas. You have to question of Government employment in report as it is now written. add to that the Army and the Navy, a realistic and businesslike manner. No Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield which is estimated at approximately agency is held responsible for the num- 5 minutes to the gentleman from Illinois 400,000. per of employees in Government. There [Mr. DIRKSEN]. Mr. RANDOLPH. The Army and the is no over-all control responsible with re- Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Speaker, at the Navy are included, sir. That is the over­ gard to efficiency or overlapping, dupli- very outset and within the compass of all reduction. I will say to the gentle­ cation of activities, or waste in Govern- a limited time, let me pay testimony to m:;tn from Kentucky that there is a re­ ment agencies. the restraint and to the fairness and to duction anticipated of 800,000 over-all, Consideration of this legislation has the tolerance and to the grace of the and that includes the War and the Navy also emphasized the need of a very care- House conferees on this committee of Departments. ful and constructive study of the entire conference. I doubt whether men can Mr. REES of Kansas. We hope the pay structure of Federal Government, sit around a table for 12_ conferences gentleman may be correct. with a view of attempting, at least, to with legislation that is so difficult and so Mr. JACKSON. Mr. Speaker, will the provide equitable payment for services knotty and so tricky and bring forth a gentleman yield? rendered. More credit and encourage- sweet fruit unless they bring the utmost . Mr. REES of Kansas. I yield to the ment should be given to employees be- of patience and restraint to the task . gentleman from Washington. cause of their efficiency and industry. The COI;!ferees have certainly done so. Mr. JACKSON. I suggest that the For example, an administrator ought to They have been generous with me with gentleman from Kentucky read the re­ receive more pay because he is able to get respect. to what has been known as the port. All of the information is contained along with less people, rather tqan under Dirksen . amendment, which found its on the bottom of page 10 of the report. present conditions, where his pay is in- way into this bill originally about 5:30 in It places a ceiling on the Army and the creased because he has a larger group the afternoon when the measure was on Navy. The War Department will have employed under his supervision, whether the floor before us for the first time. 176,000 employees maximum on July 1, he needs them or not. Obviously, · the original language is 1947, and the Navy 100,000 on July 1, Our Government employment has be- scarcely identifiable, and I can readily 1947. . come very much of a "hodge" sort of af- understand why this is so. I was under Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I just fair, and certainly needs straightening no mi apprehension at the outset that it wanted to get it ·clear that this l.egisla- out. We need an agency or organization wollld not require revision. But with 5232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 the restrictive limitations under which 1,611,120 as of July 1, 1947,· compared I am quite sure that the taxpayers we operate we cannot always include in to a total of 1,710,000 which the Presi­ generally will applaud the efforts of the an amendment the refinements that are dent approved in the Budget estimates members of the Civil Service Committee so essential to make it feasible and work­ which were submitted to the Cbngress , and of the gentleman from lllinois, able. But the principle was established early this year. The personnel amend- Congressman DIRKSEN, who aided the in that amendment and roundly adopt­ - ment as finally revised will require a members of the committee in support of ed, and from the very outset the con­ reduction in the classified service from the amendment he introduced which will ferees were mindful of the determination 528,975 on October 1, 1946, to 437,363 bring about the results I have pointed of the House to bring about a reduction persons on June 30, 1947. out. . in personnel in the Federal Government. In addition a ceiling is established on This bill makes it possible for a reduc­ You may recall that the amendment in civilian personnel for the War Depart­ tion in force without impairing Govern­ its original form was in the nature of a ment of 176,000 and 100,000 for the Navy ment service. It confirms the view of limitation to provide that the salary in­ Department. us on the committee who have stated crease should be offset by a sufficient re­ A suitable escape clause has been time and again that the executive de­ duction in force to offset the amount of provided in the case of any agency which partment of the Government has not and money involved. They have achieved might be burdened with additional will not reduce the Federal pay ron. that objective for the fiscal year 1947, duties and finds itself in the position of I hope this first step taken by the Con­ and probably ran just a little beyond that being short on personnel. In such cases gress will be followed by others in an time. But they will finally achieve the Congress can specifically authorize an effort to ge't the greatest efficiency in objective of saving that money so that increase over the ceiling or such an Government with the least number of hundreds of millions of dollars are in­ agency can be exempted. But in any people employed on the Federal pay roll. volved. case the authority lies with the Congress This will make it possible for those who· I want to make sure that one or two and I am confident now that we have render faithful service to receive higher figures are included in· my remarks. made a concrete advance by bringing wages at the hands of the Congress. The first one is this: That at the very about the reduction of an additional Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield top or peak of Federal personnel, in 100,000 persons on the Federal rolls and myself 1 minute. August of 1945, we had the unbelievable that additional progress can be made in Mr. Speaker, I want again to say what and astonishing total of 3,649,769 people the months that lie ahead. It is, indeea, I said earlier. I pay a dese:rved tribute on the Federal rqlls, inside and outside a happy start. to the gentleman from Washington [Mr. of the United States of America. Now Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I yield JAcKsoN], the gentleman from California contrast that with the rolls of December such time as he may require to the gen­ [Mr. MILLER], the gentleman from Kan­ 1932·, when the number was 563 ,805. In tleman from Illinois [Mr. VURSELLJ. sas [Mr. REES], and the gentleman from December 1939, before we moved very Mr. ·vuRSELL. Mr. Speaker, in the Wisconsin [Mr. BYRNES]. deeply into the war momentum, we had passage of this Federal pay bill today, I believe also very firmly in an orderly 928 ,838. Before we got through, we had which has had long consideration before reduction of the employees of the Fed­ at least four times that number of peo­ the Civil Service Committee and much eral Government. I also feel my last ple in 1945. We get a better apprecia­ consideration between the conferees of remark must be this: That the Govern­ tion of it perhaps in terms of dollars. At the House and Senate, I am glad to in­ ment of the United States, through its the peak in 1944, the annual salary ex-· form the House that for the first time employees of the legislative, judicial, and penditure of the Federal Government the Congress has been able to make a executive brances, is carried on by a de­ was $7,500,000,000. So for salaries alone successful move to deflate bureaucracy. voted and capable group of workers. in 1944 we were expending an amount As a member of the Civil Service Com­ We must not forget that today when we which was twice the total amount of ap­ mittee for 3 years along with the gentle­ give them a partial recognition for their propriations for all Federal purposes man from Kansas, Congressman REES, services. . when I came to Congress in 1933. I made and others of that committee, we have Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, the point in the course of my remarks realized the necessity ' of Congress being will the gentleman yield? earlier that some rather heroic measure given the authority to continuously in­ Mr. RANDOLPH . . I yield to the gen­ was necessary to bring about a diminu­ vestigate Government agencies in an . tleman from E:ansas. tion in personnel and nowhere is that effort to get greater efficiency and in an Mr. REES of Kansas. I think it ought so amply demonstrated as it is in the case effort to prevent padding of Government to be understood that these ceilings we of the war agenc:es that we have been pay rolls. - have been discussing today can in no trying to liquidate. As a matter of fact, Mr. Speaker, a year ago we of the wise be interpreted as putting a floor on only one emergency agency has actually minority tried to put through a resolu­ the number of Federal personnel. been liquidated, and that is the Office of tion to set uP an agency in the Congress Mr. RANDOLPH. That is correct. Censorship. Five otners have been to bring about greater efficiency and Mr. Speaker, I move the previous ques­ transferred either in whole or in part economy and thereby to make it pos­ tion. and their functions have been preserved sible to demo);}ilize .and deflate bureauc­ The previous question was ordered. and transferred to other agencies of the racy. Our efforts were not successful in The SPEAKER. The question is on Government. Three others are still do­ the committee. agreeing to the conference report. ing business but their titles have been A year ago an investigation was made The conference report was agreed to. changed and their functions have been under the supervision of the Civil Serv­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the modified somewhat by Executive order. ice Committee, which by a vote by the table. That involves some 67,000 people. So members of the committee, was never the committee of conference has done a allowed to come to the floor of the LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION good job and this will count for a House, and may I say the gentleman BILL, 1947 diminution of some 100,000 people from Kansas [Mr. REES] , myself, and Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Speaker, I move eventually from t he rolls by July 1947, in others, exerted our best efforts to bring that the House resolve itself into the comparison with the over-all ceiling per­ this committee report to the House. Committee of the Whole House on the sonnel that was sent to us by the Budget It showed conditions prevailing in the State of the Union for the consideration Bureau, with the consent and, of course, Federal agencies here that were costing of the bill (H. R. 6429) making· appro­ with the affirmance of the President of the taxpayers probably billions of dolla~·s priations for the legislative branch for the United States. They estimated at due to inefficiency and unnecessary the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947, and that time roughly about 1,710,000 as of employees. for other purposes; and pending that July 1, 1947. Under this plan, there will The amendment incorporated into this' motion, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous be 1,611,120. So I think the House should bill placing a ceiling on Federal em­ consent that general debate continue not salute the committee of conference for ployees will, within the next fiscal year, to exceed 1 hour, that it be confined to a difficult job very well done. save the Government by a reduction in the bill, one-half of the time to be con­ Permit me to add this final word. force about $300,000,000 which otherwise trolled by the gentleman from Pei:msyl­ Section 14 of the conference bill estab­ would not have been saved except for vania [Mr. TIBBOTTJ and one-half by lishes an mrer-all personnel ceiling of - the placing of these ceilings. myself. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-HODS~ 5233 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to this third branch of the Federal Gov­ .phone at Government expense. There the request of the gentleman from Ken­ ernment, the great legislative branch, ·never has been. The public generally tucky? only ·$26,323,000; that all in this bill that thinks there is, but there is not. There was no objection. is properly chargeable to the legislative Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I believe The SPEAKER. The question is on department, the House of Repr esenta­ the other body does have some provision the motion offered by the gentleman from tives, the Senate, and all the activities as to telephones. ' Kentucky. of the legislative department , is a total Mr. O'NEAL. I am not informed as The motion was agreed to. of $26,323,000. Why, Mr. Chairman, we to the situation in the other body other Accordingly the House resolved itself have little items In the Ag riculture bill, than to know they have some provision into the Committee of the Whole House Interior bill, and a number of others for long-distance calls. on the State of the Union for the consid­ that come before the House that will Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I know we eratitm of the bill H. R. 6429, the legisla­ exceed the total amount of money re­ are appropriating for it in the bill. I also tive branch appropriation bill, 1947, quired for the legislative branch. Cer­ know that the other body has appropria­ with Mr. TRIMBLE in the chair. tainly there is a very practical attitude tions for sound-scriber service which the The Clerk read the title of the bill. of economy on the part of the legislative House does not have. It seems to me By unanimous consent, the first read- ' branch to be able to operate for the sum that we in the House ought to be just as ing of· the bill was dispensed with. of $26,000,000 as a total cost to the tax­ liberal with the House Members as they The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman payers of this country. are in the other body. from Kentucky [Mr. O'NEAL] is recog- We made very little change in the Mr. O'NEAL. I may say to the _gentle­ nized. ' House of Representatives' expenditures, man that I have no criticism of the Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I yield a few minor changes here and there in other body in this respect. We db not myself 10 minutes. a position, a salary increase to someone attempt to interfere with the other body Mr. Chairman, for several years I have on the pay roll whose pay has been too in how it arranges its affairs and that served as chairman of the legislative little in the past, but all of it has been body does not attempt to interfere with branch appropriation bill. Each year I of a very minor character. the way we handle our affairs. I think have explained the operations of the I wish to call to the attention of the it should be that way. They may have various functions under the bill. In this membership the fact that we have here some things over there not accorded to presentation I will not attempt to go the most peculiar situation as far as the the membership over here. We have into detail as I have done in the past, salary set-up in Congress is copcerned• some things over here not accorded to because I presume those facts are known both on the House· side and the Senate the. membership over there. We have not to the membership of the House. side. No very thorough study has been attempted to touch any Senate items in The leg;islative pay bill, which is be­ made as to a comparison between sim­ this bill, and we do not believe the Sen­ fore you, is the smallest appropriation ilar jobs on the two sides and what they ate will attempt to touch any item in the bill that we have. It is a most pleasant should bring in the way of salary. The House bill. . committee on which to serve. There has result is that throughout the House of Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will the been the greatest harmony between both Representatives pay roll you will find gentleman yield? sides of the aisle in the consideration of men who are getting, some perhaps too Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman the bill. much and some too little, but the minute from Michigan. I regret very much that the ranking you raise one you throw others out of Mr. ·RABAUT. In reference to the minority Member, the gentleman from adjustment. So the answer to the prob­ matter of telephone calls, which is no Indiana, Mr. NOBLE JOHNSON, was not lem as this committee saw it was to affair of the House, I think about $300 able to be with us. All of you know he suggest to the Accounts Committee to a year is allowed each Senator. was in a very serious automobile acci­ make a thorough study of the salary Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Does that dent. We have missed him very much set-up of every employee i:r;t the House of include snuff and water? on the committee, with his helpful ad­ Representatives, to try to find those who 1 Mr. RABAUT. I do not know about vice and the study which he gives to the are underpaid and who, if any, are over­ the snuff part of lt. appropriations. I understand he is im­ paid, and to ask the Senate to make the Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, will the proving rapidly, asd in that we all same kind of study, then to get together gentleman yield? rejoice. and adjust the salary item so that a man Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman The other members of the committee on either side of the Capitol will be from Missouri. have been quite faithful, and I believe getting approximately the same pay for Mr. PLOESER . . I think it is well to we have brought to you a bill which the same type of work. We have not clarify that a little more. Unless there should be very satisfactory to all Mem­ attempted, therefore, to take care of has been a change in this year's bill, the bers of the House. every deserving man on the pay roll but telephone call arrangement for the s~n­ We have had the same careful assist­ we hope that during the next year the ate last year averaged about $1,800 per ance in the preparation of the bill from matter will be. worked out. Member. It should be emphasized again our clerk, Mr. Orescan, as we have had Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ that when extra telephone service is put in the past. The report which he has man, will the gentleman yield? in a Member's office in the House 'he pays written is very full as to the important Mr. O'NEAL. I yield. the monthly cost of that, and I refer to matters in the bill. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I notice on those Members who may have been com­ This year we have appropriated $52,- page 31 of the bill, lines 7 and 8, for tele­ pelled to put in an extra phone. If a 89.,9,000 in this bill. This compares with graph r,nd telephone service, exclusive of Member makes a long distance call he $55,437,000 for last year. We have a de­ personal services, $300,000. I realize we pay for it himself. crease over the operation of last year of have had telephone service before, but Mr. R.ABAUT. The gentleman is ab­ $2.537,000. is this an additional item for t.elephones? solutely correct. The Budget presentation to the com­ · Mr. O'NEAL. It is exactly the same as Mr. PLOESER. I thank the gentle­ mit tee was $58,339,000. We allowed $52,- it was last year. There has been no in­ man. 899,000, or a decrease of $5,439,000. crease. Mr. O'NEAL. So far as our commit­ I should like to call this to the atten­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Is there tee is concerned we are willing to let the tion of the Members, that although this any provision for telephone service to Senate attend to its affairs. The Senate is called the legislative appropriation bill, Members of the House? has always reciprocated in this attitude. in reality we approp'riate considerable Mr. "TABER. If the gentleman will Mr. Chairman, the Architect of the sums of money for activities that are in yield, that would be the telephone. serv­ Capitol is provided for in this legislative no way connected with the legislative ice for the 'Quilding rather than long dis­ bill. We have continued that operation branch of Government. Of the $52,899,- tance. practically as it was during the past year. 000 appropriated in this bill t!1e sum of Mr. O'NEAL. To make it very clear, We have allowed a little money for a few $25,575,000 is for activities which can­ there is no increase for telephone service improvements, possibly where a roof is not be considered a part of the legisla­ · as far as the membership is concerned. going bad or for similarly urgent matters. tive branch of the Government. The There is nothing in ·the bill which gives Nothing has been provided for major im­ point I wish to make is that it costs to run any individual Member the right to tele- provements except in the power plant 5234 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 which is in very bad repair. We did ·al­ has been to put your name on the list, Mr. O'NEAL. This provision carried low an appreciable amount of money for and as time goes on you get yours. The in this appropriation is the standard the improvement of that power plant new Members probably cannot be taken ·clause which was put in all of the appro­ and also for the increased cost of coal. care of, but as time goes on they will get priation bills a few years ago and which Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Chairman, will theirs. That is the operating expeJ?,se. has been carried as a standard provision. the gentleman yield? · All we do in this bill for the Printing We did not give any consideration to re­ Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman Office is to appropriate $20,000,000 as writing some clause such as the gentle­ from Indiana. their working, fund. Of course, that is man has in mind relating to any un­ Mr. SPRINGER. I notice on page 30, returned to the Treasury at the end of American activity or un-American belief. lines 14 and 15, there is a provision for 1 year, but we make that appropriation. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Striking $400,000 as expenses of special and se­ ·Then we appro~riate for just that part against the Government, and thi:qgs of lect committees. of the printing that is done for the House that kind. Mr. O'NEAL. Those are the special of Representatives apd the Senate. It Mr. O'NEAL. We believe that a propo­ and select committees of the House and amounts to something· over $4,000,000. sition of that sort should not be decided this is the amount of money they require So this appropriation carries a revolving by some appropriations subcommittee. It to operate the committees, such as post­ fund of $20,000,000, plus $4,000,000 for should be a policy of Congress. If Con­ war economic policy and. planning, post­ the printing that is done for Congress. gress adopts it, then it can b~ carried in war military policy, food and meat inves­ You will find in the report a complete the individual bills jll$t as this provision tigation, and others. statement as to what that printing is. is carried in the bill. Mr. SPRINGER. That is what I was The other big item in the bill is the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the trying to find out. Library. I will not attempt to describe gentleman from Kentucky has expired. Mr. O'NEAL. We have authorized the entire work of the Library, bl,lt I want Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I yield many special and select committees. -to take just two or three minutes. The myself three additional minutes. Those committees have to be appro­ Congressional Library was started as a As chairman of the committee, I would priated for and they come~ out of this Library for the Congress. The purpose be very glad to answer any questions, but particular appropriation bill. of the Congressional Library was to be a the report is very complete, you have had Mr. SPRINGER. Is the amount prac­ workable libr.ary for the legislative long experience with the bureaus covered tically the same as it has been? / branch of the Government. We have under this bill, and I imagine you know Mr. O'NEAL. It changes from year to probably the most remarkable library in the story without the chairman of the year. I may say that sometimes there is the world. .t\11 of us should be very proud committee going into it any further. a lot of that money appropriated for of it. I think the management of it un­ Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Chairman, special committees returned where the der Dr. Evans has been very good, indeed. will the gentleman yield? committee does not use the full amount. That is my personal opinion. They have Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman Mr. Chairman, another item appro­ now a library which is second to none in from New York. priated for in this bilUs the Government the world and probably the greatest li­ Mr. WADSWORTH. Starting back a Printing Office, one of the greatest in­ brary in the world. But in this bill, if you good many years ago I have indulged my­ stitutions of its kind in the world. In will notice the report, we took a tremen­ self in some thoughts about the Botanic 1945 they did a $75,000,000 business down dous amount of money away from them, Garden, and about once in 3 or 4 ye_ars there. This establishment is· rather or at least, .!rom the request that they I have addressed a:n inquiry to the Mem­ . unique in Government operation in that, made. The reason for it was this: This ber in charge of this legislative bill to so far as I know, that large business has Library has grown so much and is in such ascertain why the Congress should sup­ no supervision by the legislative or any great demand that it has become instead port a botanic garden. I have suggested other branch of Government with ref­ of a Congressional Library a national li­ many times in the past that such an in­ erence to its operation. This is not said brary or even an international library. If stitution might well be transferred to a as a criticism, because they have a re­ we want that kind of a library, of course, more appropriate executive department markably well-run plant. The Govern­ we will have to appropriate for it. If we of the Government. I remember quite ment Printing Office does all the printing are going to furnish library services for well, if the gentleman will be patient with for the various bureaus, they bill the the United States and then attempt to me, ·years and years ago wnen men were bureaus for the cost of the printing, and gather the books and information needed giants, if the wife of a Congre~sman the bureaus reimburse the Government in a library of this sort from all parts of wanted to- give a reception in Washing- · Printing Office. The General Account­ the world, we are thinking in terms of a ton, rubber plants could be borrowed from ing Office sees that the bills and the library such as we have never had before. the Botanic Garden to. decorate her receipts balance. So far as I have been Therefore this committee took the posi­ house. That was considered a high priv­ able to discover, there is no board over tion that as a legislative appropriations ilege in a democracy. I understand that the management down there to advise or committee it was hardly within our pro­ privilege has been abandoned. Conse­ go into any question arising at the Gov­ (illently, I am wondering why the Botanic ernment Printing Office. The head of Vince to appropriate money for that type of library without some expression from Garden should remain under the juris­ the· Printing Office, the Public Printer, diction of the Congress of the United runs the whole thing the way that he Congress, or from the proper committee stating that Congress wants that type of States. wants to run it. As I say, it is no criti­ Mr. O'NEAL. I may say to the gentle­ cism, because I think he has been a very library. We made these cuts without prejudice, but we do believe some com­ man that this question has been asked able executive. It is run with practically several times. The Botanic Garden has no ·supervision from anyone else. mittee of the House should determine whether or not we want to have a library been a tradition, and I think it is per­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ petuated probably because it is a tradi­ man, will the gentleman yield? of that kintl. This is certainly not an at­ tion. I doubt that it could be very well Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman tempt to speak against it, because the justified as a matter of lo-gic. It has been from Nebraska. Library is furnishing marvelous service there a long time, and many people feel Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I notice on­ all over the United States, and we can be that the work could not be done proper­ page 38 there is an item for legislative very well proud of it. ly by the Department of Agriculture, that garage, $20,500. Is that legislative Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. On the last it is a specialty. It has just been con­ garage a vail able to the Members of the page there is a provision relating to per­ tinued. I cannot give the logic for it. I House? sons who advocate the overthrow of the can say that some of the work done by Mr. O'NEAL. The so-called Senate Government, and so forth. I notice in the the Botanic Garden has been most inter­ garage over here has a certain number press that the other body in· one of two esting and most helpful. It is a very of stalls where you can park your car. bills inserted a provision that no Federal delightful, may I call it, avo-catioQ of the Space is given to Senate Members as employee who subscribed to striking Federal Government. Whether or not I well as House Members, although I do against the Government should be em­ can justify it from a logical standpoint not believe there are .enough stalls prob­ ployed. I wonder if the committee has I have grave doubts. ably to take care of the entire member­ given any thought to writing into this . Mr. . ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. ship of both bodies. ~he usual custom appropriation bill a similar provision. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? 1946 - CONGRESSIONAL .RE.CORD_:_Ho·usE 5235 ·Mr. O'NEAL. I ·yield to the gentleman The people of·this country are paying ·in to know what· the purpose of that pro­ from Kentucky. the aggregate, a large sum of money to vision is. Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I see in maintain the Library of Congress, and · Mr. TIBBOTT. I yield to the gentle­ the report that the appropriation pro­ they are deserving of great service and man from Kentucky. · vided in this bill for the Botanic Garden a fair and impartial administration. Mr. O'NEAL. That is in the Senate is $134,000. I desire, at this time, to quote from the part of the bill. It has nothing to do Mr. O'NEAL. It is a very remarkable committee report: ; with the House. organization. · The reasons for the reductions effected by Mr. TIBBOTT. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. That is the committee in the various items under 3 minutes to the gentleman from Ne­ a rather costly tradition, as the gentle- this general head are: (a) the desire of· the braska [Mr. BUFFETT]. man called it. · committee to reduce all Federal expenditures Mr. O'NEAL. The gentleman will be to an absolute minimum and, (b) to give a-t­ Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Chairman, I ask amazed at the work they are doing and tention to the need for a determination as unanimous consent to speak out of order what they have done in this country in to what the policy of the Library of Con­ and to revise and extend my remarks. gress is going to be in the way of expan­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection the development of their specialty and sion and the service to the public and to the the type of thing they have been working to the request of the gentleman from Congress. The original purpose ~n estab­ Nebraska? on. Although you can speak of it rather lishing the Library was to serve the Con­ lightly, I think if you will go into it you gress; however, it would seem that the Li­ · There was no objection. will find that much of what they have brary has evolved into not only a Congres­ Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Chairman, I rise done has been of a very worth-while an:d sion:U Library but a national and even an in­ to propound a question to the majority remarkable character. ternational library. It is believed that the leader. In the past few days he has pro­ Mr. TIBBOTT. Mr. Chairman, I yield tesponsibility for determining Library policy fessed to be qisturbed about Russia's for­ rests with legislative committees of the Con­ eign policy. I, therefore, urge him to tell myself 10 minutes. gress charged with the responsibility for op­ Mr. Chairman, ·r want to commend the eration of the Library and not with the Ap­ the House why American tax and bond chairman of qur committee, the gentle­ propriations Committee whose responsibility dollars should continue to .UNRRA, man from Kentucky [Mr. O'NEAL] for jt is to appropriate for projects and activ­ where they are in turn lr..rgely used to his fairness in conducting our hearings, ities duly authorized by the Congress. If it strengthen Russia and Russian-domi­ and for the very fine statement which is the desire to build and maintain the larg­ nated areas. Is not his party again he has just made covering the entire est library in the world which, according to breeding ·war : as it did in the case of testimony, the Library of Congress is at Japan? bill. . present, that is one matter, and if it should It is regrettable that the ranking mi­ be the policy to maintain a library primarily · When this admini~tration provides nority mt-mber of our committee, the for the service of the Congress, it is quite an­ foreign nations with great quantities of gentleman from Indiana [Mr. JoHNSON), -other matter from the standpoint of fiscal durable-goods supplies, is it not furnish­ was not able to be with us during the needs. The reductions in the amounts are ing them with the tools of aggression and hearings, due to his and Mrs. Johnson's made without prejudic~ and the committee war? meeting with an automobile accident in will in the future be obliged to take similar . To the end of March two Russian action until such time as a definite library states had received about 200,000 tons of. Pennsylvania several weeks ago. We policy is established. understantl that both he and his wife supplies from. UNRRA alone. Russian­ are well on the road to recovery, and . There is a happy medium in every­ dominated countries had received a mil­ we trust that our colleague will be with thing, and real results are usually ob­ lion tons o{ supplies. us real soon. . tained through the · recognition that : Mr. Chairman, I hope the majority. • The legislative subcommittee, as a re­ there is an obligation resting upon all leader will discuss this problem frankly sult of the hearings, carefully looked into public servants to do their duty and to do with the House. America's future is in the condition of our national economy it well. . · c;langer today at home. Why? In part when writing· this bill. The actual po­ During the war years, people all over }?ecause the people see this Government· tential power in matters of appropria­ the land were hoping that with the end stripping us of resources to fuel both tions and rublic finance is with Congress, of hostilities every effort would be made Russian · and British imperialism in· and when Congress expresses its will, to balance the Budget. Now that we are Europe and Asia. that will should be, and is expected to seeking peace throughout the world, In frantic efforts of the people to pro­ be' controlling. what assistance are we getting from the tect themselves'· against this war-breed­ I wonderea as I listened to the wit­ bureaucratic set-up in Washington to ing and inflationary policy, · America is . nesses who came before our committee prevent inflation? If our financial struc­ being turned into an economic battle­ seeking appropriations, if some of them ture is to be governed by a sound econ­ ground of dog eat dog and the devil take ever ~ave a thought to our national eco­ omy, we must discontinue to appropriate the hindmost. This internal threat can. nomic unity, or whether they were just vast sums of money, unless such appro­ only be stopped by a reversal of this a little bit on the . side of "what does it priations are for the general welfare of irresponsible foreign hand-out policy. matter." It was surprising to me to all our people. · Twofold constructive action is needed. have presented to us the most unusual It is my judgment that the electorate Other than possibly famine-relief foods, requests of the Congressional Library, throughout our country will demand all American supplies to Russia and Rus­ especially as to their plans for a 10-year that Congress desist from granting funds sian-controlled ·areas should cease u'ntil program, which, it seems to me, is more to bureaus which are in excess of the peace is achieved, and the Bhtish-loan than an experiment. · amounts actually required to carry on scheme should be abandoned because of If that ic the way the Library of Con­ the functions of the agencies. We can the rising tide of trouble that scheme is €:ress is to operate, we would do well to correct the conditions with which we are breeding among the people of America. . J.ook into the subject very watchfully. · confronted now, even though the ques­ Like all true Americans, I am desper-. No one has convinced me yet that such tions involved are difficult and distur_b­ ately anxious to see America help bind. a program should creep into that great ing. up the war wounds of the world-to the institution. I want more information The time has long passed for us to face limit of our capacity. But such supplies about it. Of course, our committee did the issue fairly and squarely. Other­ should not be promised beyond our ca-. not approve all the justifications of the wise, the wrath of those whom we have pacity. And our efforts abroad should. Library. It is utterly reckless to gamble the honor to represent will be upon us go directly to help human beings, not to the purse strings of the Nation upon the very soon. enable rival imperialisms to expand correctness of any set of theories· spring­ . Mr. NORBLAD. Mr. Chairman, will and/ or to preserve despotism over suf­ ing purely from hypothetical, motives. ~ the gentleman yield? fering peoples. Without · the use of vision by those in Mr. TIBBOTT. I yield. The CHAIRMAN. If there are no fur­ authority in the Congressional Library Mr. NORBLAD. On page 14 there is ther requests for time, the Clerk will this great institution will be in for a an appropriation for $4,000 for the pur­ read. complete change. It may conie sooner chase, exchange, driving maintenance •. The Clerk read as follows: than we _th!nk. \Ve are entitled, '.from and operation of an automobile for the · In all, clerical assistance to Senators, $1,- time to time, to have the true fac"ts con- , Vice President of the United States. As 646,640: Provide(];., That all clerks, essistant ' fronting the Library and its personnel. we have no Vice Preside.nt, I was curious clerks, and additional clerks, under this 5236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-HOUSE MAY i7 heading shall be ex officio clerks, assistant navigable stream running through his gestion as to what committee in the clerks, and additional clerks of any com­ district has at one time and another House will have juri~diction of the bill? mittee of which their Senator is chairman. con~erned himself with the introduction -' Mr. DIRKSEN. The bill contains Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I move of bills authorizing the construction of such varied subject matter that if the to strike out the last word. a bridge across such a stream. Title V Ordinary rule were to be followed it would · Mr. Chairman, I take this time in order of this bill is designed ·to place that . be referred probably to several commit­ to suggest the attention of the House to responsibility in the War Department. tees. The same situation obtained in the a bill, a copy of which I hope each Mem­ As I pointed out earlier, title VI re­ Senate and for that reason the Senate hE;r will get, namely, Senate 2177, intro­ lates to compensation and retirement looked with favor upon the creation of duced by Senator LA FOLLETTE, of Wis-· pay for Members of Congress, and title a special committee for the handling of consin, which embodies tpe recommen­ vn is devoted to self-government for the these recommendations in toto so that dations of the Joint Committee on the District of Columbia by means of the they would not be dismember.ed and par­ Reorganization of the Congress. We are establishment of a charter commission celed out and distributed to possibly half dealing today, of course, only with the in the District of Columbia whose duties a dozen different committees. I hope a appropriation needs of both the House and responsibility it would be to pre­ similar procedure may obtain in the and the Senate and those instrumentali­ pare a charter which would provide a House. ties which come under legislative juris­ form of municipal government in the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the diction, but I very respectfully suggest Nation's capital. · gentleman from Illinois has expired. that you will find a great deal of interest The bill is 88 pages in length. It is Mr. HOOK. Mr. Chairman, I move to in Senate 2177, because it deals with a extremely well drawn and I do hope that strike out the last word. Members will take the trouble to famil­ great variety of subject matter. Mr. Chairman, I Wa$ very much inter­ For instance, it deals with the recon­ iarize themselves with the content at an ested in the statement of the gentleman str·uction of the whole committee struc­ early date. from Nebraska [Mr. BuFFETT]. I ture in the Senate. Obviously, the so­ In addition, let me suggest to your at­ noticed that he propounded· a question to called streamlining job for House com­ tention a matter in which I am confident the majority leader. I did not want the mittees had to be left out of this bill. everybody is interested, that is compen­ RECORD to go unchallenged. I want the It is a matter which must engage the sation and retirement· pay for Members REcoRD to show that both the minority attention of the House when the bill of Congress. You will find the details in and majority leaders are absent from the comes over here. sections 601 and 602 of the bill. It rec­ floor, I presume on official business; and There is quite a little material dealing ommends that both House and Senate I did not want the RECORD to look as with congressional procedure, legislative Members' salaries should be increased though the question had been propound­ and standing committees, and so forth, from $10,000 to $15,000, and that an ac­ ed and not answered. That is the reason also improvement Of the CONGRESSIONAL tuarial retirement system be set up for for my taking the floor at this time. those who have served 6 years or more RECORD, and then a very important sec­ Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Chairman, will tion dealing with majority and minority and reached age 62, and are then retired ·in one manner or another. They would the gentleman yield? policy committees and a joint legislative Mr. HOOK. I yield to the gentleman and executive council. pe entitled to retirement pay at the rate of 2% percent of the base salary times from Nebraska. · In part 2 the bill contains provisions Mr. BUFFETT. As a practical matter, which would be applicable to both the number of years' service with a limi­ tation of 75 percent of the base salary. of course, l; did not expect the majority Houses and this includes such matter as leader to answer the question this after­ dealing with private bills, joint hearings, Thus retirement pay for any Member serving the greatest length of time would noon. I simply wanted to get it before. decisions on questions of committee jur­ him in such a way that if he cares to he isdiction, estimates of receipts and ex­ be 75 percent of $1.5,000. We had a retirement measure which will answer the question. It should be penditures, hearings and · reports by answered and I think the people should appropriations committees, and other engrossed the attention of the House not so long ago. Certain features were left have an answer to the question. items. " Mr. Part 1 of title II of the bill relates .out because we did not want to be at HOOK. I did not' want the REC­ to congressional personnel and makes cross purposes with the recommendation ORD to indicate that he was present and recommendations which .are designed to of the Joint Committee on Congressional did not answer the question. develop a stenographic pool, increase Organization. So all these matters are The Clerk read as follows: the staffs of committees, improve and now ·embodied in a single bill, S. 2177, STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS strengthen the Legislati-ve Reference and I express the hope as a member of For the preparation, under the direction of Service, expansion of the office of the the joint committee that in the not too the Committees on Appropriations of the Legislative Counsel. studies by the Comp­ distant future the Senate will have acted Senate and House of Representatives of the troller General, and above all a very on the bill and it will come to the House statements for the second session of the important section wliich deals with the for consideration. Seventy-ninth Congress, showing appropri­ May I also say that recently the Senate ations made, indefinite appropriations, and . subject of reductions in appropriations. contracts authorized, together with a chron­ Part· 2 of title II deals with improve­ set up a special committee under Senate ological history of the regular appropriation ment Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and Resolution 260, consisting of six Senators bills, as required by law, $4,000, to be paid to the establishment of a joint committee. who were members of the Committee on the persons designated by the chairmen of on printing and on the library. Organization that had the unanimous such committees to do the-work. · support of the Rules Committee in the You will recall that we heard mu~h Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair­ about the need for the enactment of a Senate, and they are riow functioning as Federal statute dealing with lobbyists. · a committee that is authorized to report man, I move to strike out the last word Title m of this bill is devoted to this and to handle the legislation; and I am to ask the gentleman from Kentucky a whole subject and deals fully and com­ confident that under the devotion and question. Referring to page 18, line 16, pletely with the regulation of lobbying. diligence that have been given to it that the item "For mileage and expense al­ Every Member knows how mubh time_ the same course will be pursued in the lowance," $1,260,000. Will the gentle­ must be devoted to the introduction and House when it comes our turn to consider man tell me what constitutes that item? processing of bills dealing with private the legislation. This is a matter in which Mr. O'NEAL. The gentleman will re­ claims. May I point out to you that I have had a deep personal interest and call that there was $2,500 appropriated title IV of the Legislative Reorganization have over a long period of time. I ex­ and made permanent law in the Legisla­ Act is a complete treatment of the whole press the hope that before the Severity­ ,tive Pay Act of last year for expenses claims procedure and is designed not only · ninth Congress adjourns sine die there and allowances. Presuming that all of to facilitate the processing of claims· but will be action on this Important bill. the Members and Delegates take it, the to save time. Mr. HENRY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman can figure what the total You may be intrigued by title V which gentleman yield? , would be. In addition to that, there is is entitled "General Bridge Act:" Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. the mileage of the Members of Congress Every Member of Congress who lives Mr. HENRY. Will the distinguished that would come out of that. The total close to a watercourse and who has a. gentleman from lllinois venture a sug- ot those two is $1,260,000. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5237 CONGRESSIONAL PAY AND CAMPAIGN PROMISES taxes, irrespective of the personal fitness of their help, the child was found alive after Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman. the candidate. . 8 days in those mountains. I move to strike out the last ·word. There is a wide difference between a promise of this character and those multi­ In that instance you see what the tele­ Mr. Chairman, on this extremely inter­ farious pledges made by candidates in the phone did for constituents. I could cite esting, perplexing, and somewhat em­ interest of reform, economy, and a rigid and literally hundreds, and I should say thou­ barrassing subject of how much we think effective administration of office In cm:npll­ sands, of cases where invaluable aid was we are worth and whether we think we ance with their official oaths. The latter given as a result of ·long-distance tele- · are worth what has been voted, we each are made In the public interest and are phone to a constituent or a constituency; have our own views. I did not vote for consistent with personal fitness; the former A Congressman must pay for those tele­ the expense allowance. I accepted it savors of vicious tendencies, involving a phone calls out of his own pocket and for personal pecuniary consideration offered by after it became the law. I would be quite the candidate In order to accomplish his many of the telegrams. willing to vote for higher salaries for the election, in which the test of fitness is not The CHAIRMAN. The time of the next Congress and then let the voters an element. gentlewoman from Massachusetts has decide who shall be in the next higher­ expired. paid Congress. In the State, ex rel. Bill v. Elting (29 The Clerk read as follows: But it is not my purpose in speaking Kans. 397), a keen analysis of promises of this character, made for the purpose LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE at this time to force my views on con­ Salaries: To enable the Librarian of Con­ gressional compensation upon the House. of inducing election, was made by Judge · Brewer, afterwards a member of the gress to employ competent persons to gather, I want to call the attention of my col­ classify, and make available, in translations, leagues to anothei' phase of this matter Supreme Court of the United States. He indexes, digests, compilations, and bulletins, that may come up. Possibly in the heat said: and otherwise, data for or bearing upon legis­ of debate, or in the heat of a campaign, The theory of popular government is that lation, and to render such data serviceable some Member of Congress, or some can­ the most worthy should hold the offices. to Congress, and committees and Members didate for Congress, may make some Personal fitness-and in that is included thereof, and for printing and binding the moral character, intellectual ability, social digests of public general bills, miscellaneous campaign promise to his constituents standing, habits of life, and political con­ print ing, supplies and materials, and includ­ that if he is elected he will not accept victions-Is the single test which the law ing not to exceed $20,000 for employees en­ the full compensation provided by law will recognize. That which throws other gaged on piecework and work by the day or for Members of Congress. considerations into the scale, and to that hour at rates to be fixed by the Librarian, I want to call the attention of the extent tends to weaken the power of per­ $400,000, of which $5,700 shall be immediately Congress to the fact that it has been de­ sonal fitness, should not be tolerated. It available: Pro~ded, That not more than tends to turn away the thought of the voter $25,000 of this sum shall be used for prepara­ cided by the courts that such a promise from the one question which should be para­ is a corrupt practice which may invali­ tion and reproduction of copies of the Digest mount In his mind when he deposits his bal­ of General Public Bills. date the election of the candidate mak­ lot. It Is In spirit at least, bribery .. more ing the promise. insidious, and therefore more dangerous, Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I offer The general law on this is stated in . than the grosser form of directly offering an amendment. volume 106, American Law Reports, page money to the voter. The Clerk read as follows: 474: I simply took this opportunity to call ~ Amendment offered by Mr. TABER: On page Offers made and statements published by attention to these decisions, and to say 43, line 4, strike out "$400,000" and insert candidates for a public office that they will, to my colleagues that while each of "$234,034." if elected, serve at less salaries or for less fees us, and our opponents, should discuss Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I have than those fixed by law, are a violation of a this subject as our consciences dictates, Corrupt Practice Act making it a corrupt offered this amendment so we may carry practice for any person to give or offer money I hope that no Member, through igno­ only the amount that was carried for or other valuable thing to an elector to in­ rance of the law, will make a promise to this current year for the Legislative Ref- . duce "him to vote for any candidate at an refuse to accept compensation which is · erence Service. I have done this be­ election. due him by virtue of the office to which cause, while I recognize that the digest he is elected, because if he makes such they get out is useful, a lot of thei{ other The annotation of · cases under this a promise he will in all probability be heading include decisions by the courts service is of a character that most of violating the Corrupt Practices Act of his the Members cannot satisfactorily use. of Montana, Ohio, South Dakota, Ken.: State and possibly of the Federal Gov­ tucky, Iowa, New York, Indiana, Wis- In other words, when they ar·e asked . consin, New Hampshire, Missouri, and ernment, and may be subject to the pen..: to investigate a subject, they send in to Kansas. alties connected with such violation. Members-and I have had complaints· of ' The leading case in Ohio, Prentiss v. The CHAIRMAN. · The time of the that repeatedly-only one side of the Dittmer <93 0. S. 314), was decided 30 gentleman from Ohio [Mr. VoRYSJ has subject. On top of that ~ every time I years ago. We studied it in law school. expired. have tried to use them they have beeri This case held- - Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. utterly worthless. Under these circum­ stances I have crossed them off my list An offer by a candidate for common pleas Chairman, I move to strike out the last judge, made for the purpose of effecting .his word. and forgotten about them because I have election to office, that in the event of his I am going to tell another telephone felt that they were no good. I have election he will accept for his judicial serv­ story. In doing so, I would like to pay found that in order to· get anywhere I ices only the stipulated salary ~ayable by the tribute to the Capitol telephone operator had to go out and dig the thing up my­ State; and that he will accept nothing that who got the call through so quickly for self. I ~m sorry they are running that may be due and payable to him from the kind ·of service over here and for that local or county treasury, is against public me. reason I cannot go along. with it. policy and an offense within the _purview of I received news from Lowell that a lit­ Frankly, I was disappointed to have section 5175- 26, General Code, which, if tle child 5 years old was lost in the White proven, invalidates his election. shown to me today an announcement of Mountains. I got the telephone operator a corporation indicating that it had a In this case the candidate, in his cam­ to -call the Coast Ar-tillery at Portland, group of Bryan productions, motion pic­ paign literature, promised not to accept Maine. It seemed only a second before tures, including a number of items of part of his salary. He was elected, but she got the call through for me and I propaganda for Soviet Russia. I see the Supreme Court held his election in­ heard General Terry's voice. I asked on the back page of the bulletin a memo­ validated by his promise. Judge Jones, that he send a detachment of men to randum stating that "All inquir~es on the in the course of the opinion, said: the Whit~ Mountains to make a search subject with reference to certain items It is but little less reprehensible that, for the little girl who was only 5 years old. should be addressed to Mr. Luther Evans, for the purpose of inducing election, he He said, "Mrs. RoGERS, I am afraid the Librarian of Congress." The implica­ should promise to refund to the community troops are rolling out for maneuvers, but tion went out that this outfit was con­ as a whole that portion of the salary he I will see what I can do." should receive from the county than to of­ nected with the Library of Congress. -I fer to contribute to the taxpayers individ­ He came back and said he had detained deprecate that fact. 'I deprecate the ually their pro tanto proportion of the them and instead of rolling off just for fact also that this same fellow who is amount of salary forgiven. In the latter ordinary maneuvers they were on their putting out this particular type· of propa­ event the taxpayer is required to pay less way to the White Mountains. With ganda has items over · in tlie Library 5238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 that the Librarian is putting out. That years of their life to try to cut down Mr. O'NEAL. Absolutely. does not bear directly upon thii!l pend­ expenses. One of the things most Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I have had the ing appropriation.· I would be willing needed by the Appropriations Com­ experience, as a member of one or two to go just as far as any man in the· mittee is a method of finding out investigating committees, where the House on anything that is of real serv­ intelligently where we can apply cuts. membership of the committee would - ice to the membership, but when it comes The Appropriations Committee has some work diligently on the investigation, and in such a way that you cannot get the experts, they go down to the bureaus we woUld find that perhaps 30 or 40 law­ kind of service that one who desires to and do a pretty good job in finding yers had been assigned by a department make a fair approach to a problem wants, where money can be saved; but there is to the task of refuting the different bits then I do not believe it is :tneeting there­ no n;toney that will save money so intelli­ of information that we w.ould bring out quirements it should so far as the Li­ gently as that to provide people who are and attempt ·to substantiate the things brary of Congress and the Legislative competent to go into the bureaus, to go that were being done by this agency of ­ Reference Service are concerned. In my into fundamental questions as to government, and the Congress has been opinion, we ought to hold· them to the whether a certain work is needed or not. .very weak in that particular phase of its $234,034 that they had for· the current That is, real research men who can say work, and therefore I believe it is needed. fiscal year. that money is wasted or say that it only1 I hope my amendment will be agreed I ·would like to ask the gentleman one takes 10 men instead of 20. question, however. I notice the item of to. I believe that it· would be economy Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman,_! rise in miscellaneous expenditures. Does this in the long run if you could have a Leg­ -bill provide any funds for the purchase opposition to the amendment offered by islative Reference · Service properly the gentleman from New York [Mr. of needed office equipment? I am think­ manned. It will show you ways to save ing of typewriters and things .like that TABER]. hundreds of times what its personnel is Mr. Chairman, the amendment offered that are worn out. paid. I sincerely agree and believe that - · Mr. O'NEAL. We have been unable to by the gentleman from New York merely economy is absolutely essential, and if puts the Legislative Reference Setyice get typewriters, but there is an additional I spend $100,000 to save $10, that is not sum of money in the bill for typewriters back to the amount . it- had last year. economy. . This is certainly not a partisan matter and an appreciable sum of money for J1 On this present proposition t~e Joint program of replacing rugs that are in because last year we had 20 or 25 Mem­ Committee on the Organization of Con­ bers of Congress come before our com­ such terrible condition in the Old House gress has recommended the Legislative Office Building. Those amounts are mitt.ee with the request that the Legisla­ Reference Service as the place wherein tive Service be expanded. It undoubt­ greate:· then they were last year. I congressional research should be done. think with the amount provided they can edly has possibilities of being what we They also recommended, after a thor­ most need; that is, some place, some­ do a satisfactory job in replacing the ough study, that we give them $750,000 rugs in the Old House Office Building. where where an expert may be found who a yeltr. Now that is the proposal-and will represent the Congress and do the I think some of the members on this Mr. BROWN of Ohio. The average research work that is so necessary for us. _joint committee are certainly economy Member of Congress has had his office That is the theory behind it. minded-that we give them $750,000. staff working with worn-out equipment We have had suggestions and bills, as We did not do that. We did not give all during the war because we were· un­ you know, that each Member of Con­ them what the Members of Congress said able to obtain the equipment we needed, gress be given a research clerk. It in­ they should have, but we did put in the and we did not want to take it for our volves a tremendous amount of money bill the sum of $400,000, and with that own use when this equipment was needed for each Member to have a five or ten they can provide the experts that we for the war effort. But the time has thousand dollar clerk in his office. It have now and also add other high-type now come when we must replace that was further suggested that we implement men at $7,000 or $8,000 a year, who could equipment if we are going to have effi­ the committees of Congress by having earn much more if they were in private cient operation in our own offices, and two, three, or four research men cun- industry. There are some subjects that is the reason I made the inquiry. ,necteQ. with every committee of the Con­ which we need to have investigated; Mr. O'NEAL. · The gentleman is very gress. That is hardly practical or rea­ social service, and many other things correct about that. The typewriter sonable, which I think can be demon- that I could mention. They are all out­ situation is almost an emergency propo­ strated. · lined in our hearings. We will have sition in many of the offices, because the The question is, How can we best get men of outstanding ability and experi­ typewriters are· not in good condition, for the Members of Congress the type ence to assist us. and theY must be replaced; · of study and research work that is neces­ The gentleman ·from New York has Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, sary properly to inform us? suggested this cut. It is not what most will the gentleman yield? Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, of the Members, I think, on both sides, Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentle­ will the gentleman yield? want, and I believe that we can ill afford man from Massachusetts. Mr. O'NEAL. . I yield to the gentleman not to build up the strongest research Mr. McCORMACK. Right along the from Ohio. department that this country needs. line of the observation of the gentleman Mr. SMITH of Ohio. I have frequent­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the from Ohio, the thought entered my mind ly · used the service of the Legislative gentleman from · Kentucky has expired. that the War Assets Administration Reference Bureau. I am· not always Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I ask might have some typewriters. satisfied with the work it does but I do unanimous consent to proceed for five Mr. O'NEAL. The matter is being not believe that ent~rs into the question additional minutes. gone into, I may say to the majority here at all. We have to look at the ques­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection leader. tion, What is the financial condition of to the request of the gentleman from Mr. McCORMACK. If so, that should the Governmeqt at the present time? Kentucky? be followed up. That is what we ought to look at. If There was no objection. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. May I make one we can afford an increase, I am willing Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, other observation, and I believe the gen­ to go along, but the fact is we just sim­ will the -gentleman yield? tleman from Massachusetts will agree ply cannot afford it. I am willing to Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman with me. I have had some 30 years of forego, as far as I am concerned, the from Ohio. experience in public work, especially services over there if that is needed to Mr. BROWN of Ohio. The greatest around legislative bodies. It has been my bring our financial house in order. contribution that the Congress of the experience that the legislative branches · Mr. O'NEAL. Let me answer the gen­ United-States can make toward economy of the Government, whether national or tleman. I thoroughly sympathize with in government is efficiency of opera­ in the States, .have always been rather the gentleman's willingness to forego tion in Congress, so that the Congress free in expenditures for the executive and to sacrifice in order to save money knows what it is legislating about and agencies and have always been ext~emely and to help balance the Budget. is able to meet the challenge of what frugal in making expenditures for their Frankly, most of the members of this some of us call a well-entrenched own benefit. I think it is about time committee have given a great many bureaucracy; is that not correct? that we make Congress over into an 1946 CONGRE.SSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE 5239 effective and ·efficient agency of the have to depend :on for reference service Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. people. and for research work. Let us take a Mr. TABER. Has the gentleman found Mr. O'NEAL. May I say to the gen­ typical example. any other disposition than the bureau­ tleman from Ohio that he is very cor­ They had over there in 1945 and 1946 cratic disposition in dealing with this rect. The unfortunate part ·is that the an expert on taxation and fiscal policy, outfit? legislative. branch has to appropriate to which my good friend from Ohio re­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes. money for the executive and the judicial ferred; that is, the·general field, in seek­ Mr: TABER. Frankly, I have not, and branches, but nobody can appropriate ing to bring about a balanced Budget. that· is my complaint. It should be ·un­ money for the legislative branch but the In 1945 and 1946 our expert in the Leg: der the Speaker and the majority and legislative branch itself. Therefore, it islative Reference Service, our expert­ minority leaders if we are ever going to ap.pears to be a personal proposition al­ the congressional expert-consisted of get any honest service. ways. We are reluctant to do it for one man who could devote one-half of Mr. DIRKSEN. May I say to the mem­ ourselves when we do not hesitate to do his time to that job at $3.800 a year, and bers of the committee that I believe I use the same thihg, and probably in many another man who could devote one-half the Library of Congress, and particularly cases for much less worthy reasons, for of his time at $3,200 a year. That is the legislative research establishment, as the executive and the judicial branches. the kind of niggardliness w'e have in­ much as any member, sometimes to such But when it comes to an appropriation dulged in heretofore. But you do not a degree that they must tell me that for the legislative, nobody in the world see other -agencies of the Government there will be a very substantial delay in can make it but the legislative branch doing it. transmitting the information _in which · itself. Therefore, in many cases it is not Let us see what the Treasury of the . I am interested because they do not have done, through an overweening modesty, United States has been d0ing about fiscal the people who can be assigned to that in my opinion. research. In the appropriation bill for job. There ar·e no experts there on na­ Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, will 1945 we gave the Treasury $169,000 for tional defense, on full employment·, on the gentleman yield? tax research. We gave them $181,500 veteran..s' affairs, on mines and mining, Mr. O'NEAL. I yield to the gentleman fot ·the Division of Research and Sta­ oil conservation, and a great number of from Missouri. tistics, and then we ·gave them another other things. This amount Ehould have Mr. PLOESER. At the present time I $150,000 for the general counsel's office. been $500,000 instead of cutting it back think each Member is restricted to three So we gave the Treasury $5D0,795 for to the level of 1946. I do hop2 the amend­ typewriters in his office. Is there any fiscal research, whereas we depended on ment will not prevail. change in that restriction? one m2.n at $3,8UO a year for half of his The CHAIRMAN. The· question is on Mr. O'NEAL. There is no change of time and another man for half of his the amendment offered by the gentle­ any kind. I believe when typewriters are time at $3,200 a year. If we expect to get man from New York [Mr. TABER]. available if a man can demonstrate a the facts on these rather abstruse, diffi­ . The amendment was rejected. need something can be worked -out w cult, and important subjects, then we The Clerk read as follows: that he can be provided with that which must have experts. DISTRffiUTION OF PRINTED CARDS he needs. ' Mr.·RABAUT. Mr: Chairman, will the Salaries and expenses: For the distribution Mr. FLOESER. I thin!{ that should gentleman yleld? of printed cards and other publications of the be done. Many of o.ur offices cannot get Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. Library, including personal services, freight along with what we have. · Mr. RABAUT. Is not the distinguished chaigcs (not exceeding $500), expressage, Mr. O'NEAL. In the testimony, if you gentleman from New York a member of postage, traveling expenses connected with such distribution, expenses of attendance at will read it, we did attempt to get an un­ the subcommit<::e? meetings when incurred on the written biased opinion. We are attempting to get Mr. DIRKSE:N. Does the gentleman authority and direction of the Librarian, and the advice of experts who are the equal mean on the Treasury and Post Office including not to exceed $30,000 for employees of the experts of business interests who Subcommittee? erigeged in piece work and work by the day come before our,committee, and also the Mr. RABAUT. Yes. or hour and for extra special services of reg­ experts o~ t]Je bureaus who come-here and Mr. DIRKSEN. ' Yes; he is. ular employees at rates to be fixed by the ask funds of us. This is in no sense a We agreed to the conference report on Librarian; in all, $314,ZOO. partisan matter. It is just a question of the housing bi!l the other day which con­ Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. whether the House believes the service tained $400,000,000 for subsidies. Are Chairman, I move to strike out the last rendered by the legislative reference there any experts in the L ~ b rary of Con­ word. service is worth having. Men on both gress in the l eg~slative research depart­ Mr. Chairman, I take this time to in­ sides of the aisle have come and request­ ment whJ can adv·se Congress on hous­ quire as to the program for next week. ed us to give more, in fact, considerably ing? There is not a one-not one. Mr. McCORMACK. UnleES the ap­ more than we have allowed in this bill. vVhere shall we go for expert gu:dance propriation bill for the Coast Guard can Mr. Chairman, I trust that the amend­ and direction? There are two places you be disposed of this afternoon, which I ment wm be defeated. can go. We· can go to private industry, hope will be done, that bill will come up Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I move for instance; and when we do, they say on Monday. · to strike out the last word. we become vic~ims of a lobby. The other Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. May Mr. Chairman, the distinguished gen­ .place we can go is to the National Hous­ I say that the gentleman from New York tleman from Kentucky indicated that ing Agency. When we go there, we go to said that he did not think it would be there were Members of Congress who ap­ the very people who come before the Con­ possible to take it up today? peared in behalf of an increase for the gress for the authority and the funds to Mr. McCORMACK. I hope the bill Legislative Reference Service. I think carry these programs into effect and it can be put through today. I understand he could, with good grace, say that the would be too much to expect that they · it Yvill not take long and it would be very gentleman from Illinois, namely, me, is would present their own case in an ad­ helpful to me in making up the program one of those who appeared in that con­ verse light. They seek money and au­ for next week if that can be done. Pf nection. thority and our job is to evaluate and coun;e, if it cannot, we will have to gov­ Instead of reducing this, my ·regret is appraise those requests. They have a ern ourselves accordingly. Then, of that it was not increased to the full esti­ vested interest in · spending not less course, that bill will be tal{en up Monday. mate of $500,000, instead of $400,000, but money but more money. Now, is there On account of the primaries, I am I did not offer an amendment to that any other place where the Congress can trying to get this programed with the effect. go, burdened and belabored as it is with maximum of consideration for those who The Joint Committee on the Organi­ all manner of detail and routine matters have primaries coming up from week to zation of Congress went into this mat­ of €conomic, s6cial, and political policy, week. For example, there is one on ter rather thoroughly and have recom­ than to its own establishmen~the Li­ Tuesday, and then there i.: one on next mended a staggered increase that starts brary of Congress? .Why should we not Saturday. The following weel{ we will with $500,000 for the Legislative Refer­ put a few experts in over there who can have 2 days off. There is the House ence S2rvice in the fiscal year 1947, $650,- advise us? memorial ·service, and then Memorial 000 in 1948, and $750,000 a year there­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the Day itself. So there must be more or after. After all, it is the only service we gentleman yield? less of a light calendar that week. I 5240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 want to crowd in as much as I can. do hope we can get this bill up certainly services but I know that I make a great '!'hat is why I hope the Coast Guard ap­ week after next, if we cannot get it up deal of use of it. There are many, many propriation bill can be passed today. In next week. times when I need information on ·some any event, if not, that will come up on Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman subject when I refer that need to the Monday. and I will discuss that, because I am just Legislative Reference Service and some­ There is the Gwynne bill, and after as anxious to get it taken care of as is the times within a matter of hours and· other that the Indian Claims Commission bill. gentleman. But on 'Monday we have times a matter of a very short time I Of course, there will be the Consent those two bills which are out over 7 days have the material I need. I do not know Calendar on Monday and the Private and Members have asked that they be quite how we can efficiently conduct our Calendar on Tuesday. taken up. That is compelling. Then, the offices without some such service as is Then, there is the Administrative Court administrative court bill and the other performed by the Library. A Member bill. bill are on the calendar for Tuesday. I of Congress is called upon to kn.:>w at , Then, the United Nations Educational, could not put it down for Monday, be­ least a little bit about practically every­ Scientific, and Cultural Organization bill. cause the Members will be away on Tues­ thing, and if he does his job correctly, Wednesday, Calendar Wednesday. day. Then, when we come to Thursday, he ought to know considerab!e about at Thursday and Friday, the Navy De­ on a roll call, the Members will be away least one or two things. If therefoie he partment appropriatipn bill for 1947. for Saturday. is going to keep up with the bills as they I am unable to state whether we will Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I am not go through the House, especially if he sit on next Saturday or not. It will be· a asking for next Monday. I meant a week is going to do any original work in the light day in any event. The chances are from Monday. preparation of bills, if he is going to it will be dispensed with, but,! am leav­ Mr. McCORMACK. I understand really have any background of knowl­ ing it undetermined for the present time. that. But then comes the question of the edge about some of the complex problems Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Chair­ California delegation, because they have that come before us, he has g.:>t to have man, will the gentleman yield? to go a long distance. They have to go a the advantage of gathering together of Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I long distance and their primary is on 'information such as the Library can give. yield. June 4. While that is 2 weeks from next I recommend to Members who have not Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I would like Tuesday, nevertheless they have a long made a practice of doing so that when to inquire with reference to the terminal­ distance to go. they get in trouble and need help they leave pay bill. That was supposed to be Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. June take up their problem with the Legisla­ put down for next Thursday. I would 4 is also the New Jersey primaries. tive Reference Service. Having said this like to ascertain as soon as possible when Mr. McCORMACK. Yes; but in con­ I suppose I put myself in the position that will be taken up, as the Members nection with the California primaries of making a promise that if it happens want to be here when that is voted on. they must travel 3,000 miles. I will be the one to press the matter of I have told them thus far that from I will be glad to talk to the gentle­ securing sufficient funds to enable them statements made by the·gentleman· from man from Florida as soon as I can. I adequately to do the work they will be Massachusetts it would be taken up pos­ think we ought to have regard for this called upon to do if we all make full sibly Thursday or Friday. situation and I know the gentleman from use of the excellent facilities they afford. Mr. McCORMACK. I do not see how · Florida has. Mr. SAVAGE. Mr. Chairman, will the it can be brought up next week, because Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I certainly gentleman yield? Saturday is the North Carolina primary. agree with the gentleman. Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield. Six oflhe Members have contests. Some Mr. McCORMACK. And, by the way, Mr. SAVAGE. Let me say to the gen­ consideration must be had for that sit­ I might also make the further observa­ tleman from California_ that I am one uation. Certainly, on the Florida pri­ tion that the gentleman from Massa­ Member of Congress who makes a great mary, I took care of that, and I do not chusetts [Mr. MARTIN] and I have agreed deal of use of the Legislative Reference think we should make fish of one and and we hope the membership will sup­ Service in the Library of Congress. I fowl of another. I am just as much in­ port us that if there are any roll calls­ have always had courteous treatment. terested in the terminal-leave pay bill as ! said yesterday that Wednesday would prompt service, and they have always anybody. I hope it can be passed by be the earliest; I did not definitely say given me ample material, more usually unanimous consent, but if there is a roll Wednesday-but we have now agreed than I needed. call on it, that bill is of such importance that if any roll calls should come on leg­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I ap­ that every regard should be given to islation considered before Wednesday, pr~ciate what the gentleman says. Members who have primaries. the roll call will be put over to Thurs­ Let me conclude by saying that I be­ Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I do not day.- Is that correct? lieve the man in charge of the Legisla­ want to take any privilege away from Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. That tive Reference Service, Dr. Ernest S. anybody who has a primary, but I want is my understanding. Griffith, is one of the most useful pub­ them to be here. I wonder if I could get The Clerk read, as follows: lic servants in the city of Washington. unanimous consent that immediately Not to exceed 10 positions in the Library Mr. HOOK. Mr. _Chairman, will the after the approval of the Journal on a of Congress may. be exempt from the pro­ gentleman yield? week from next Monday this would be visions of section 206 of the Independent Mr. VOORHIS of California. I yield taken up. Offices Appropriation Act, 1947, but the Li­ to the gentleman from Michigan. brarian shall not make any appointment to Mr. McCORMACK. I do not want to any such position until he h as ascertained Mr. HOOK. I was very much sur­ pass on that now. The chances are there that he cannot secure for such appointment prised at the remarks the gentleman would be a roll call on that bill. Of ~ person in any of the three categories speci­ from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] made. He course, there is a great deal of interest in fied in such section 206 who possesses the gave us a.very fine statement with regard the matter. I will call it up just as soon special qualifications for the particular posi­ to the Legislative Reference Bureau of as I can, but there are other considera­ tion and also otherwise meets the general the Library of Congress, but he stated tions which the gentleman recognizes, I requ irements for employment in the Library there were only t wo men over there, one am sure. There is the Pennsylvania pri­ of Congress. of them getting $3 ,600 and t he other mary on Tuesday and the North Carolina Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. $3,200. I cannot understand how in the primary on S'lturday. The following Chairman, I move to strike out the last world those two men can give such won­ week we have the House memorial exer­ word. derful service to the Members of Con­ cises on Tuesday, and then Memorial Mr. Chairman, I take this time for gress. Day itself. There are primaries on June the purpose of paying what I think is a Mr. VOORHIS of California. I am 4 in California. Tht>. t is a long distance well-deserved tribute to the services per­ sure that is not a correct statement. In away. It is difficult to program, and yet formed for Members of Congress by the fact, I think I am acquainted with a good do the things we ought to do out of con­ Library of Congress as a whole and the many more than that over there myself. sideration for our colleagues. Legislative Reference Service in par­ It is true, however, and this should be Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I do not ticular. said, that in many instances ti1ere are want to do anything that is not perfectly I do not know how much other Mem-:­ people in the Library who are the head , agreeable to the majority leader, but I bers make use Qf the Librar~ and its of very important branches of researci1 1946 CO_NGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE 524l work of the Library where th3 scale of indifference to its own welfare has of them are disgraceful looking. An­ pay is, in my judgment, quite inadequate brought such conditions upon its Mem­ swering the gentleman further, there are to the degree of responsibility and the bers. other slight items of increase for office high level of requirements they need to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the equipment and other things when we do the job effectively. gentleman from Michigan has expired. can get them. I have not offered an amendment to Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. PHILLirs. It is rather pointless the bill because I feel sure that the com­ unanimous consent to proceed for two to give the Members of Congress addi­ mittee has considered all these thirigs additional minutes. tional clerical help and not give the ~ ec­ very maturely. I do believe 1t js most The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection retary a chair to sit on or a table to important, however, that consideration to the request of the gentleman from work at or a typewriter to use. be given to this phase of the situation. Michigan? Mr. O'NEAL. This committee will Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I move There was no objection. proceed as rapidly as possible to provide to strike out the last two words. Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. the proper equipment for that fmrpo~e. · M r. Chairman, I have asked for rec­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Th8,t is the attitude of the committee. ognition for the purpose of saying a word Mr. RABAUT. I yield to the gentle­ The reason the committee has not done or t wo about the pending bill. Some man from Massachusetts. so so far is because of the limitation of years ago I was chairman of the subcom­ Mr. BATES of Massachusetts . . May I acquisition; in other words, you could mittee handling the legislative appro­ call attention to the fact that the Com­ not get the materials. priation bill; in fact, I preceded the pres­ mittee on Appropriations, which really I am sure the committee is very much ent distinguished chairman, the gentle­ has supervision of the subject, does not in sympathy with the gentleman's posi­ man from Kentucky [Mr. O'NEAL], who even have sufficient money to hire a tion that the poorest economy in the has really done a great job. stenographer? It seems to me that is a world is not to provide the tools with . This is called the housekeeping bill of pretty bad situ~tion. With all the clerks which to do the work we are called on to Congress. It is one of the smallest ap­ and assistants necessary to develop ap­ do. propriation bills that comes before this propriation bills and to assist the com­ Mr. PHILLIPS. The gentleman has body for consideration. It is too bad that mittee, they do not even have a stenog­ said something with which I agree thor­ the people of the Nation do not make a ra-pher or typist that you can put on the oughly, because that I think is the at­ study of the legislative appropriation bill, job. If that is not a sad :tate of affairs, titude of most of the people regarding because if they did they would be sur­ I do not know what is. . · much of the discussion this afternoon. prised. As I said some years 'ago, there Mr. RABAUT. The gentleman is ab­ The items of expense are very willingly are three branches to our Government-­ solutely correct; and you could go on approved by our constituencies as soon the legislative, judicial, and executive. making citations of the things that as they know the ne-ed. All of them have marched forward, par­ sQ.ould be done by Congress in order that As I said a· moment ago, those of us ticularly the executive department, in Congress could better serve the Nation, who live in the far West have increased pace with the demands of the Nation. which looks to it for its welfare. exp_enses. Our telephone and telegraph The judiciary was in the horse-and­ Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. What bills run in the neighborhood of $50 to buggy age for a long time. We pulled it is the matter with the Committee on Ap­ $100 a month. I do not know when air-' out somewhat· lately. The legislative propriations here this afternoon making mail stamps are exhausted for eastern branch, ·as far as treating itself is con­ sufficient allowance to take care of a Members but ours are exhausted in cerned, is still in the horse-and-buggy need that is so great? It seems to me it August and sometimes in June or July. age. Let us hope that some of the study is ridiculous that we have to call on dif­ Mr. O'NEAL. There is $186,000 for· that is being made for the purpose of ferent departments of the Government typewriters, of which $100,000 is to be bringing it up to date will really receive to assist in the preparation of a )Jill, and made immediately available, in this bill. the attentive ear of the Congress. It we do not · have a stenographer in the Mr. PHILLIP·s .. I thank the gentle~ really needs prodding from the Nation. room. That is ridiculous, in my opinion. man. I can only ask the gentleman if Mr. Chairman, particularly I want to Mr. RABAUT. There is a study being the secretary is supposed to hold the pay tribute to my friend, the gentleman made; let ·us be patient and see what typewriter in her lap while she is writing. from Kentucky [Mr. O'NEAL], the distin­ result the study will produce. Then Mr. O'NEAL. As soon as those facili­ guished chairman of this subcommittee. Congress can act for the best interest ties can be provided, I assure the gentle­ I know him well. We came here to­ of all. man they will be. gether. We started our careers here in , Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Chairman, I The CHAIRMAN. The time of the 1935, he from Kentucky and myself from move to strike out the last five words. gentleman from California has expired.· Michigan. We have been close since Mr. Chairman, I take this time to ask The Clerk read as follows: coming here and, odd as it may seem, we a question of the chairman of the com­ mittee, the gentleman from Kentucky OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS were cast together on appropriations. Salaries: For the Superintendent of Docu- · As I said a moment ago, he was on the [Mr. O'NEAL]. The ·gentleman . from ments, assistant superintendent and other. subcommittee on deficiencies ahead of Kentucky was about to yield to me when personal services in accordance wit h the me. He outranks me there, but I hap­ his time expired. The question I wanted Classification Act of 1923, as amended, and pen to outrank him in the chairmanship to ask was whether in this bill allowance compensation of employees who shall be sub­ of this committee which he now heads. was made, as the gentleman from Mis­ ject to the provisions of the act entitled "An He is a hard-workin.g, conscientious, souri had just asked, for typewriters and act to regulate and fix rates of pay for em­ thoroughgoing gentleman of the finest tables and the office necessities that go ployees and officers of the Government Print­ with the increased work? ing Office", approved June 7, 1924 (44 U.S. C. caliber, and there is not much more that 40)' $1,300,000. can be said for anyone. He is thorough, The gentleman will remember that in he is painstaking, and he is devoted, and a previous appropriation bill, allowing Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I move the entire Congress owes him a debt of additional clerical assistants, no allow­ to strike out the last word. ' gratitude for his devotion to the Con­ ance was made for typewriters and tables Mr. Chairman, I rise at this time be­ gress. His devotion to the older Mem­ or the working tools to carry· out the cause of the statement· which has been bers of Congress is something that bor­ intent of that provision. · made with reference to the Library. The ders OT,l what I cannot even describe. We Mr. O'NEAL. I will say to the 'gentle­ pamphlet which was distributed dis­ know the conditions of many people who man that the only reason typewriters turbed me as it did the gentleman from have left the Congre1ls, who have served were not previously included was·due to New York, the gentleman from Ohio, this Nation from every State in the the ,fact that on account of the war we and others. It is difficult to understand Union, and find themselves forgotten could not get them. There is an in­ a situation of that sort, but I believe that when they leave. · I could tell you stories creased allowance for typewriters in this no man should be condemned without all · of men defeated who have come back bill. the facts being known. I am sure that here pleading for an appointment in' Mr. PHILLIPS. As well as other of­ opinion is shared by the gentleman from some bureau. The Nation does not ask fice equipment? New York and the others I mentioned. this body to be so niggardly toward the Mr. O'NEAL. Particularly for rugs Immediately I requested Dr. Evans to membership, but the Congress by its own for the Old Hou.se Otnce Building. Some come over here, and the gentleman from

-· 5242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 17 Pennsylvania [Mr. TIBBOTT] and I talked between the Director of the Bureau of the The SPEAKER. The question is on to him. He denied even knowing-the cor­ Budget and myself concerning the program . the passage of the bill. poration which put out the pamphlet. for the Government film distribUtion serv­ ice (marked "Attachment B"). Following this The bill was passed. He denied knowing the man whose name exchange of correspondence, the Library A motion to reconsider was laid on the was mentioned as president. He said his issued a press release dated March 4, 1946, table. o:mce might have had some correspopd­ a copy of which is also attached (marked EXTENSION OF REMARKS ence but he did not know about it. He "Attachment C"). went back, and we asked him to look into , I should like to give you, in addition to Mr. BLOOM asked and was given per­ it a little bit further and give us some the above, the most explicit personal and mission to extend his remarks in the information. He submitted a letter, official assurance that the Library of Con­ RECORD and include a speech made by which letter I am inserting in the record gress does not expect to pervert any mo­ Hon. James A. Farley. tion-picture program which may be ap­ Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania asked at this point. . , proved by the Congress to any propaganda