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The First Illyrian War: a Study in Roman Imperialism
The First Illyrian War: A Study in Roman Imperialism Catherine A. McPherson Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal February, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts ©Catherine A. McPherson, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ……………………………………………….……………............2 Abrégé……………………………………...………….……………………3 Acknowledgements………………………………….……………………...4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………5 Chapter One Sources and Approaches………………………………….………………...9 Chapter Two Illyria and the Illyrians ……………………………………………………25 Chapter Three North-Western Greece in the Later Third Century………………………..41 Chapter Four Rome and the Outbreak of War…………………………………..……….51 Chapter Five The Conclusion of the First Illyrian War……………….…………………77 Conclusion …………………………………………………...…….……102 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..104 2 Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study in early Roman imperialism in the Greek East: the First Illyrian War (229/8 B.C.), Rome’s first military engagement across the Adriatic. It places Roman decision-making and action within its proper context by emphasizing the role that Greek polities and Illyrian tribes played in both the outbreak and conclusion of the war. It argues that the primary motivation behind the Roman decision to declare war against the Ardiaei in 229 was to secure the very profitable trade routes linking Brundisium to the eastern shore of the Adriatic. It was in fact the failure of the major Greek powers to limit Ardiaean piracy that led directly to Roman intervention. In the earliest phase of trans-Adriatic engagement Rome was essentially uninterested in expansion or establishing a formal hegemony in the Greek East and maintained only very loose ties to the polities of the eastern Adriatic coast. -
L'edizione Di Livio E Le 'Brevissimae Annotationes' Di Marcantonio
LEXIS Poetica, retorica e comunicazione nella tradizione classica 37.2019 ADOLF M. HAKKERT EDITORE LEXIS Poetica, retorica e comunicazione nella tradizione classica SOMMARIO ARTICOLI Alessandro Barchiesi, Un ricordo di Alfonso Traina ………………………………………….. 1 Carlo Franco, Per Nicholas Horsfall ........................................................................................... 9 Paul Demont, Archaïsmes de prononciation et exceptions à la ‘correptio attica’ dans l’‘Ajax’ de Sophocle …………………………………….......................................................................... 19 Valeria Melis, Λαλεῖν e φιλοσοφεῖν. Echi della critica ai ‘logoi’ dei personaggi femminili euripidei dall’età classica alla Seconda Sofistica fino all’epoca bizantina ……………………... 27 Massimo Magnani, Note in margine a Eur. ‘Alc.’ 305, 354-6 (~ Soph. ‘OR’ 980-982), 445-54. 58 Raffaele Bernini, Euripide, ‘Elena’ 639-42 ……………………………………………………. 73 Paola Ingrosso, Il ‘Fenice’ di Euripide e la ‘Samia’ di Menandro ……………………………. 84 Federico Favi, Tre note al testo dei ‘Sicioni’ di Menandro (47, 123, 376) ……………………. 105 Matteo Varoli, La ‘Repubblica’ dei Pitagorici. Il legame tra la ‘Repubblica’ di Platone e il sistema gerarchico presente in alcuni ‘pseudopythagorica’ dorici …………………………… 111 Paolo Scattolin, Aristofane di Bisanzio e i diacritici ‘sigma’ e ‘antisigma’ in ‘schol. vet.’ Aristoph. ‘Ran.’ 152 Chantry ………………………………………………………………….. 131 Alessandro Fusi, Un nuovo frammento degli ‘Annales’ di Ennio in Orosio (‘hist.’ 3.9.5)? …... 140 Alessandra Di Meglio, Le traduzioni ciceroniane -
The Coinage of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Brief Discussion of the Coin Types 31
Ross, Scott (2013) An assessment and up-to-date catalogue of the coins of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium between the 5th and 1st centuries B.C. MPhil(R) thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4335/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Scott Ross MA (Hons) 0706244 “An assessment and up-to-date catalogue of the coins of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium between the 5th and 1st centuries B.C.” Submitted for the honour of Master of Philosophy (by research) 2012 Classics, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow 1 Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Methodology 7 Chapter 2: The History of Illyria 12 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Physical geography 13 2.3 Political structure of Illyria 15 2.4 Conflict and turmoil 17 2.5 Piracy and Roman intervention 20 2.6 Conclusions 29 Chapter 3: The Coinage of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Brief discussion of the coin types 31 Chapter 4: Weight standard and circulation 35 Chapter 5: Iconography of Silver Issues 41 5.1 Corcyrean Staters 41 5.2 Corinthian Staters 44 5.3 Drachms 45 5.4 Apollo Denarius 48 5.5 Conclusions 49 Chapter 6: Conclusion 50 Catalogue 52 Monograms 236 Bibliography 238 List of Images 241 2 Acknowledgements This is to say thanks to: Dr. -
Illyrian Policy of Rome in the Late Republic and Early Principate
ILLYRIAN POLICY OF ROME IN THE LATE REPUBLIC AND EARLY PRINCIPATE Danijel Dzino Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics University of Adelaide August 2005 II Table of Contents TITLE PAGE I TABLE OF CONTENTS II ABSTRACT V DECLARATION VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII LIST OF FIGURES VIII LIST OF PLATES AND MAPS IX 1. Introduction, approaches, review of sources and secondary literature 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Rome and Illyricum (a short story) 2 1.3 Methodology 6 1.4.1 Illyrian policy of Rome in the context of world-system analysis: Policy as an interaction between systems 9 1.4.2 The Illyrian policy of Rome in the context of world-system analysis: Working hypothesis 11 1.5 The stages in the Roman Illyrian relationship (the development of a political/constitutional framework) 16 1.6 Themes and approaches: Illyricum in Roman historiography 18 1.7.1 Literature review: primary sources 21 1.7.2 Literature review: modern works 26 2. Illyricum in Roman foreign policy: historical outline, theoretical approaches and geography 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Roman foreign policy: Who made it, how and why was it made, and where did it stop 30 2.3 The instruments of Roman foreign policy 36 2.4 The place of Illyricum in the Mediterranean political landscape 39 2.5 The geography and ethnography of pre-Roman Illyricum 43 III 2.5.1 The Greeks and Celts in Illyricum 44 2.5.2 The Illyrian peoples 47 3. The Illyrian policy of Rome 167 – 60 BC: Illyricum - the realm of bifocality 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Prelude: the making of bifocality 56 3.3 The South and Central Adriatic 60 3.4 The North Adriatic 65 3.5 Republican policy in Illyricum before Caesar: the assessment 71 4. -
Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian
Epidamnus S tr Byzantium ym THRACE on R Amphipolis A . NI PROPONTIS O Eion ED Thasos Cyzicus C Stagira Aegospotami A Acanthus CHALCIDICE M Lampsacus Dascylium Potidaea Cynossema Scione Troy AEOLIS LY Corcyra SA ES Ambracia H Lesbos T AEGEAN MYSIA AE SEA Anactorium TO Mytilene Sollium L Euboea Arginusae Islands L ACAR- IA YD Delphi IA NANIA Delium Sardes PHOCISThebes Chios Naupactus Gulf Oropus Erythrae of Corinth IONIA Plataea Decelea Chios Notium E ACHAEA Megara L A Athens I R Samos Ephesus Zacynthus S C Corinth Piraeus ATTICA A Argos Icaria Olympia D Laureum I Epidaurus Miletus A Aegina Messene Delos MESSENIA LACONIA Halicarnassus Pylos Sparta Melos Cythera Rhodes 100 miles 160 km Crete Map 1 Greece. xvii W h i t 50 km e D r i n I R. D rin L P A E O L N IA Y Bylazora R . B S la t R r c R y k A . m D I A ) o r x i N a ius n I n n ( Epidamnus O r V e ar G C d ( a A r A n ) L o ig Lychnidus E r E P .E . R o (Ochrid) R rd a ic s u Heraclea u s r ) ( S o s D Lyncestis d u U e c ev i oll) Pella h l Antipatria C c l Edessa a Amphipolis S YN E TI L . G (Berat) E ( AR R DASS Celetrum Mieza Koritsa E O O R Beroea R.Ao R D Aegae (Vergina) us E A S E on Methone T m I A c Olynthus S lia Pydna a A Thermaic . -
With an English Translation
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LX,.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. LIVY XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV m^( LIYY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN FOURTEEN VOLUMES XIII BOOKS XLIII—XLV TRANSLATED BY ALFRED C. SCHLESINGER, Ph.D. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OP CLASSICS IN OBERLIN COLLEGE LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLI Printed in Great Britain V.I3 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE A FULLER report of the text is given in this vohmie than in the immediately preceding volume. The attempt has been made to present all emendations subsequent to the editio pri?iceps ; but a few repeated misspellings of proper names and similarly obvious corrections are not reported. A few of the emenda- tions of the princeps have been included exempli gratia. The apparatus of Giarratano (Titi Livi Ah Urhe Condita Libri XLI-XLF, Rome, 1933) has been constantly consulted, but not always followed. The maps are intended to show the location of all places mentioned in the volume, if the location is known. Kiepert's Atlas Antiquus has been used in preparing these maps ; places not located by Kiepert have a question-mark following the name. Where the name is spelled by Kiepert in a way conspicuously different from the Livy text, the Kiepert spelling will be found in parentheses in the Index. The map of Rome is taken from O. Richter, Topograpkie der Stadt Rom, Miinchen, Beck, 1901 (Iwan MuUer, Handbuch, III, 3), by kind permission of the pub- lishers. -
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC Submitted by Jack James Willoughby, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics, September 2018. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… Page 1 of 181 Abstract This thesis aims to determine how and why Rome undertook a series of interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC. The thesis is based on a detailed examination and consideration of the ancient written sources and the subsequent historiography on the subject. The Roman interventions in Illyria during this period have traditionally been treated as a component of wider studies of Roman expansion, although Rome’s involvement in Illyria has recently been examined by Dzino in his 2010 work Illyricum in Roman Politics 229BC-AD68. This work examined the development and integration of Illyricum in Roman political discourse, in which the Roman interventions were a smaller component in the broader study. A study of the Roman interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC has never previously been treated on this scale, nor effectively with a synthesis of the various approaches and pieces of evidence that are now available. -
Lycian and Phrygian Names
LYCIAN AND PHRYGIAN NAMES. ACCORDING to a theory which has been very commonly accepted by archaeologists in this country, the local names of Greece prove that a single language was once spoken there and in Asia Minor which was totally different from Greek, Thraeian, Illyrian, or Phrygian. It was neither Aryan nor Semitic, and resembled that of the Lycian inscriptions. At a later date, whether before or after the arrival of the Greeks, certain Thraeian and Illyrian elements were added, but they contributed little to the sum of geographical names.1 This belief is founded on the occurrence in Greece of local terminations in -a-0-- and especially in -v9-, which are considered to be foreign, and on their identification with the suffixes -acr- and -vB-, which are well known in Lycia, as well as in other districts of Asia Minor, and are derived from the native Lycian language.2 It is supported by the collection of a long list of geographical names from the islands and the mainland of Greece which are not recognisably of Greek origin, and show resemblances, so close and numerous that they can hardly be accidental, to names of places in Asia Minor. The case as stated by Pauli, Kretschmer, and Fick has a very convincing- appearance. But the facts on which it is based seem to be in general inconclusive and in part erroneous. In the case of -era--, the doubling of the s, which is the most important point in common between the suffixes found in Greece and Asia Minor, is not present in the original Lycian.3 On the other hand, the same suffix occurs in several European countries: as in 1 See especially Kretschmer, Einleitung, guage, related to the Phrygian, there would etc. -
Ex Asia Et Syria Oriental Religions in the Roman Central Balkans
Ex Asia et Syria Oriental Religions in the Roman Central Balkans Nadežda Gavrilović Vitas Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 78 Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-913-5 ISBN 978-1-78969-914-2 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and Nadežda Gavrilović Vitas 2021 Front cover: The statuette of Magna Mater or her priestess from unknown locality, kept in the National Museum in Belgrade (photo-documentation: National Museum Belgrade) Back cover: Back cover image: The head of a statue of Jupiter Dolichenus from Karataš (Diana), kept in National Museum Belgrade, The Archaeological Museum of Đerdap collection (photo: Popović, Borić Brešković 2013: 309, num. 70) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents List of Figures ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iii Acknowledgements ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 -
Historia E Kosoves SHG ENG.Pdf
The History of Kosovo in the history textbooks of Kosovo, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia Publisher: Alter Habitus Author: Shkëlzen Gashi Proof reader: Gazmend Bërlajolli Consultants: Albana Rexhepaj Arbër Vokrri Armanda Hysa Translated by: Elizabeth Gowing Front cover design and typesetting: Rrota www.rrota.com Print: Night Design Prishtinë 2016 Number of copies printed: 400 Research and publication supported by: The Embassy of the Netherlands, the Embassy of Switzerland, Kosovo Foundation for Open Society (KFOS), and Institute “Georg Eckert” The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute “Alter Habitus”, the Embassy of the Netherlands, the Embassy of Switzerland, or the Kosovo Foundation for Open Society (KFOS), or the consultants. CONTENTS Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................................5 1. The origins of the Albanians ..............................................................................................................................................................9 Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................................17 2. Kosovo from the Medieval period to Serbian rule .................................................................................................................21 -
“Shrieking Like Illyrians”* Historical Geography and the Greek Perspective of the Illyrian World in the 5Th Century BC
Arheološki vestnik 62, 2011, str. 289–316 289 “Shrieking like Illyrians”* Historical geography and the Greek perspective of the Illyrian world in the 5th century BC Ivan MATIJAšIć Izvleček Abstract V okviru raziskav problematike grške identitete in sti- Modern historiography on the ancient world has focused kov Grkov z negrškimi ljudstvi so v članku komentirani in the last few decades on the problems of Greek identity najstarejši grški zgodovinski viri, ki osvetljujejo eno od and self-awareness, as well as Greek relations to the non- negrških ljudstev (ethnos), namreč Ilire. Rimski Ilirik je Greek populations. In the light of the reassessment of the bil bistveno večji od Ilirije, omejene na majhno območje most ancient historical sources, this paper investigates the jugovzhodne jadranske obale, kakršno je poznal Hekataj representation of the Illyrian tribes in the Greek literary iz Mileta; Plinij Starejši in Pomponij Mela sta se verjetno tradition. Roman Illyricum was entirely different from dobro zavedala te razlike. Herodot prinaša nekaj zanimivih Illyria in Hecataeus of Miletus, when it was confined to zgodovinskih podatkov o Ilirih, vendar je za osvetlitev a small portion of South-East Adriatic coast; Pliny the grških predstav o tem ljudstvu zanimivejši Tukidid, ki Elder and Pomponius Mela were probably well aware of omenja “strašno kričanje” ilirskih vojakov, ko so napadli this difference. Herodotus offers some interesting histori- spartansko vojsko. Podobno je Aristofan v Ptičih primerjal cal information, but his text is not so illuminating for the lačne barbarske bogove z “vreščečimi Iliri”. Vendar je to le Greek perspective as Thucydides. He speaks of the “great en vidik grških predstav o Ilirih; iz istih avtorjev namreč cries” of the Illyrian tribes facing the Spartan army, just like tudi izhaja, da v različnih okoliščinah vloga ilirskih ljudstev Aristophanes in the Birds compares the hungry barbarian v politiki grških državic ni bila zanemarljiva. -
The Aspect of Teaching the Italian Language in the Albanian Education System
European Scientific Journal September 2015 edition vol.11, No.25 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 THE ASPECT OF TEACHING THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE IN THE ALBANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM Meri Gjoleka, PhD The Department of Foreign Languages, the Faculty of Humane Sciences The Universitety of Vlora “Ismail Qemali”, Albania Abstract The beginning of the 90-s marks a watershed for the Albanian education system in the field of teaching of foreign languages such as: English, French, Italian, German, etc. The opening of Albania to other countries and the new needs for communication brought to the attention of Albanian specialists teaching foreign language, the immediate need to the renewal of the previous curriculum in the field of foreign languages in compliance with the new European models suggested by the Council of Europe. In this context, the teaching of the Italian language, as part of the European linguistic richness, took a special development by highlighting the achievements to date and the prospects for the future. It is through our article that we will try to give an overview of the development of teaching of the Italian language in Albania in all its levels, focusing in particular, on those levels where the interest of the Albanian students and their achievements have been most visible. Keywords: Foreign language, Italian language, methodology, communication, bilingualism, multilingualism Introduction Foreign languages have always been an efficient communication tool in a world and culture which is different from one’s own culture. Even in Albania, the issue of the foreign language study has been and remains quite interesting.