DOCSLIB.ORG

Catholicism and Fascism(S) in Europe 1918-1945

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Catholicism and Fascism(S) in Europe 1918-1945 Description: Participation: This conference will serve a double purpose: on People who want to attend the conference for one, Catholicism and the one hand participants will present research two or three days should pre-register and pay the on the general theme of the relationship between attendance fee (15 euros/1 day, 25 euros/2 days, 35 Fascism(s) in Europe Catholicism and fascism in Europe in the period euros/3 days). For pre-registration and payment, 1918-45; on the other hand the discussion will please contact Jan Nelis ([email protected], with be taken to a theoretical level. Participants will 1918-1945: a ‘cc’ to [email protected]). We urge tho- cover a number of geographical contexts which se who want to attend the conference to register as is unprecedented in a conference of this size. soon as possible; registration closes on September The final aim is to further develop an interpretive 3rd, 2010. Admittance subject to availability. Beyond a Manichean ‘cluster’ model that will incorporate a series of investigative matrixes, thus inspiring future Approach research. Organised by: With support from and thanks to: 15 - 17 September 2010 Centre interdisciplinaire d’étude des Keynote speakers: religions et de la laïcité (CIERL-ULB) EMILIO GENTILE (La Sapienza) ROGER GRIFFIN (Oxford Brookes) RENATO MORO (Roma Tre) Scientific committee: • Roger Griffin (Oxford Brookes) • Patrick Loobuyck (Antwerp) • Anne Morelli (ULB-CIERL) • Jan Nelis (Ghent-CSCT) Accademia d’Ungheria in Roma • Danny Praet (Ghent-CSCT) Via Omero 8 • Jeffrey Tyssens (VUB-BHIR) 00197 Roma • Paul Wynants (FUNDP) www.academiabelgica.it WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15th, 2010 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16th, 2010 FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17th, 2010 09.00-09.30: coffee and registration 09.30h-10.30h: ROGER GRIFFIN: Religion secular and 09.30-10.30: RENATO MORO: La Chiesa, i cattolici 09.30-10.00: welcome address (conference profane: the contorted relationship between the revealed e i movimenti di tipo fascista in Europa: un tentativo di organizers) religion of Catholicism and the sacralized politics of analisi comparativa 10.00-11.00: EMILIO GENTILE: Sacralizzazione fascism in inter-war Europe della politica e totalitarismo: Cristo con Cesare o contro 10.30-12.00: VII: Theoretical Approaches and Cesare? coffee break Considerations 11.00-12.30: I: Fascism and Political Catholicism 11.00-13.00: IV: The Vatican and Totalitarianism • CONSTANTIN IORDACHI: Fascism and Religion: The Case of the Iron Guard • MARK BIONDICH: From Antemurale christianitatis • ANNIE LACROIX-RIZ: Le Vatican et le fascisme • OLEKSANDR ZAYTSEV: The Heuristic Value of the to Antemurale humanitatis: Fascisticizing Catholi- français 1938-1945 Theory of Political Religion for the Study of Ukrainian cism in interwar Croatia • ALFONSO BOTTI: Il rapporto tra S. Sede, chiesa Integral Nationalism and its Relations with the Greek- • EGON PELIKAN: Ideology of Slovene Political spagnola e fascismo spagnolo (Falange) negli anni Catholic Church in the 1920-30s Catholicism in the Light of Ideological Premises of della guerra civile • HANS OTTO SEITSCHEK: Katholische Kirche und Fascism Between the Two World Wars • HANS DE VALK: The Vatican and Dutch National- Totalitarismus. Ein ideengeschichtlicher Überblick • MARTINO PATTI: Il dilemma fra collaborazione Socialism in the 1930s. Pages from a Hidden Agenda e resistenza. Il cattolicesimo tedesco di fronte alla • DONATELLO ARAMINI: Istituti culturali, regime e Machtergreifung hitleriana Vaticano nel ventennio fascista 14.30-16.00: VIII: Catholicism and Fascism-Nazism as Seen From Abroad 14.00-15.30: II: National Churches 1 14.30-16.00: V: Fascism, Catholicism and the • BORUT KLABJAN: Fascism, Catholicism, Nazism. • MANUEL LOFF: God, Fatherland, Authority: Intellectuals The Case of Interwar Slovakia Catholic Church and Iberian Fascisticized Regimes, • FEARGHAL MCGARRY: Catholicism and fascism in 1933-45 • CLAUDE PIERRE PEREZ: Le cas Claudel Ireland, 1933-45 • CSABA FAZEKAS: The Roman Catholic Church and • MICHEL FINCŒUR/CÉCILE VANDERPELEN: • ANNE MORELLI: L’emprise du fascisme sur Extreme Right-Wing Ideologies in Hungary, 1920- L’arc-en-ciel. Une revue belge d’ordre nouveau l’encadrement religieux des émigrés italiens en 1945 catholique pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale Belgique (1922-1940) • BETH ANN GRIECH-POLELLE: The Catholic • CYNTHIA PACES: Catholics and Nationalism: Episcopacy and the National Socialist State Forging a New Identity in Interwar Czechoslovakia 16.00-16.40: JAN NELIS, Concluding Remarks coffee break coffee break 16.00-17.30: III: Catholicism and Fascism in Italy 16.30-18.00: VI: National Churches 2 • PAUL ARPAIA: Converging and Diverging • MIHAELA GRANCEA /CORNEL MOSNEAG: Parallels: The Case of the Gerarca Luigi Federzoni The Romanian United (Greek-Catholic) Church and (1878-1967) Right-Wing Extremism • MATTEO BARAGLI: Il ‘Centro Nazionale Italiano’ • DANIELE SERAPIGLIA: Estado Novo: il fascio, la e la figura di Filippo Crispolti: profili e progetti del corona e la croce clerico-fascismo italiano (1922-1930) • LOTHAR HÖBELT: Austrian Catholicism and the • JAN NELIS: Italian Catholic opinion and the Advent Fascist Options of the 1930s of Fascism: ‘L’Avvenire d’Italia’ 1922-25.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Consensus for Mussolini? Popular Opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943)
    UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND CULTURES Department of History PhD in Modern History Consensus for Mussolini? Popular opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943) Supervisor: Prof. Sabine Lee Student: Marco Tiozzo Fasiolo ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of Birmingham is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of my words. 3 Abstract The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society.
    [Show full text]
  • Settentrione 32.Pdf (4.412Mb)
    SETTENTRIONE NUOVA SERIE Rivista di studi italo-finlandesi n. 32 anno 2020 SETTENTRIONE NUOVA SERIE Rivista di studi italo-finlandesi n. 32 anno 2020 SETTENTRIONE NUOVA SERIE. Rivista di studi italo-finlandesi ISSN 1237 - 9964 Pubblicata a cura della Società finlandese di lingua e cultura italiana con contributo finanziario dell’Istituto Italiano di Cultura di Helsinki. Fondatori • Lauri Lindgren – Luigi G. de Anna Direzione culturale • Antonio D. Sciacovelli Redazione • Cecilia Cimmino Settentrione, Lingua e cultura italiana, Università di Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finlandia [email protected], [email protected] ISSN 1237 - 9964 Painosalama Oy, Turku Italian kielen ja kulttuurin seura ry Turku 2020 INDICE pagina Un anno particolare 3 Alessandro Colombo, de signo disegno design: un viaggio italiano 5 Luigi G. de Anna, Il Caravaggio da Roma alla Sicilia, passando per Malta 15 Andrea Rizzi, Sulle tracce di Lenin: le Lettere scandinave e il mito nordico 21 interpretato da Luigi Barzini (1920-1921) Tauno Nurmela, Verso l’Italia di Mussolini 41 Federico Prizzi, Yrjö von Grönhagen, un antropologo finlandese al servizio del 43 III Reich nella Carelia Orientale Nicola Guerra, The Italian SS-fascist Ideology. An ideological Portrait of the 51 Italian Volunteers in the Waffen-SS. A Summary Essay Claudio Mutti, L’Iran e l’Europa 61 Silvio Melani, Tales from ancient bog bodies: witchcraft, physical abnormity and 75 homosexuality during the Northern Iron Age Giovanni Carmine Costabile, ‘Dove sono ora Bucefalo e il prode Alessandro?’ 119 Tolkien
    [Show full text]
  • Neurocapitalism-Web.Pdf
    Minor Compositions Open Access Statement – Please Read This book is open access. This work is not simply an electronic book; it is the open access version of a work that exists in a number of forms, the traditional printed form being one of them. All Minor Compositions publications are placed for free, in their entirety, on the web. This is because the free and autonomous sharing of knowledges and experiences is important, especially at a time when the restructuring and increased centralization of book distribution makes it difficult (and expensive) to distribute radical texts effectively. The free posting of these texts does not mean that the necessary energy and labor to produce them is no longer there. One can think of buying physical copies not as the purchase of commodities, but as a form of support or solidarity for an approach to knowledge production and engaged research (particularly when purchasing directly from the publisher). The open access nature of this publication means that you can: • read and store this document free of charge • distribute it for personal use free of charge • print sections of the work for personal use • read or perform parts of the work in a context where no financial transactions take place However, it is against the purposes of Minor Compositions open access approach to: • gain financially from the work • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution of the work • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception of academic usage within educational institutions) The intent of Minor Compositions as a project is that any surpluses generated from the use of collectively produced literature are intended to return to further the development and production of further publications and writing: that which comes from the commons will be used to keep cultivating those commons.
    [Show full text]
  • Il Collaborazionismo a Firenze La Rsi Nelle Sentenze Di Corte D’Assise Straordinaria E Sezione Speciale 1945-1948
    Edizioni dell’Assemblea 216 Studi Enrico Iozzelli Il collaborazionismo a Firenze La Rsi nelle sentenze di Corte d’assise straordinaria e Sezione speciale 1945-1948 Ottobre 2020 CIP (Cataloguing in Publication) a cura della Biblioteca della Toscana Pietro Leopoldo Il collaborazionismo a Firenze : la Rsi nelle sentenze di Corte d’assise straordi- naria e Sezione speciale 1945-1948 / Enrico Iozzelli ; presentazioni di Eugenio Giani, Paolo Pezzino, Camilla Brunelli. - Firenze : Consiglio regionale della To- scana, 2020 1. Iozzelli, Enrico 2. Giani, Eugenio 3. Pezzino, Paolo 4. Brunelli, Camilla 945.092 Collaborazionisti – Firenze – Sentenze - 1945-1948 volume in distribuzione gratuita Il volume è promosso dalla Fondazione Museo e Centro di Documentazione della Deportazione e Resistenza di Prato In copertina: Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Corte d’Assise Firenze, Sezione straordi- naria, Sentenze 1945-48, sentenza del 29/10/1945 Consiglio regionale della Toscana Settore “Rappresentanza e relazioni istituzionali ed esterne. Comunicazione, URP e Tipografia” Progetto grafico e impaginazione: Patrizio Suppa Pubblicazione realizzata dal Consiglio regionale della Toscana quale contributo ai sensi della l.r. 4/2009 Ottobre 2020 ISBN 978-88-85617-76-6 Sommario Presentazioni Eugenio Giani 9 Paolo Pezzino 11 Camilla Brunelli 13 Introduzione 15 Parte I - L’ultimo fascismo a Firenze 1.1 L’esercito di Salò e i Tribunali militari straordinari di guerra 21 Adami Rossi e i vertici dell’esercito a Firenze 25 L’eccidio delle Cascine di Firenze 35 1.2 L’apparato
    [Show full text]
  • National and International Modernism in Italian Sculpture from 1935-1959
    National and International Modernism in Italian Sculpture from 1935-1959 by Antje K. Gamble A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History of Art) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Alexander D. Potts, Chair Associate Professor Giorgio Bertellini Professor Matthew N. Biro Sharon Hecker Associate Professor Claire A. Zimmerman Associate Professor Rebecca Zurier Copyright: Antje K. Gamble, 2015 © Acknowledgements As with any large project, this dissertation could not have been completed without the support and guidance of a large number of individuals and institutions. I am glad that I have the opportunity to acknowledge them here. There were a large number of funding sources that allowed me to study, travel, and conduct primary research that I want to thank: without them, I would not have been able to do the rich archival study that has, I think, made this dissertation an important contribution to the field. For travel funding to Italy, I thank the Horace R. Rackham Graduate School at the University of Michigan for its support with the Rackham International International Research Award and the Rackham Rackham Humanities Research Fellowship. For writing support and U.S.-based research funding, I thank the Department of History of Art at the University of Michigan, the Rackham Graduate School, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the University of Michigan Museum of Art. For conference travel support, I thank the Horace R. Rackham Graduate School, the Department of History of Art, and the American Association of Italian Studies. While in Italy, I was fortunate enough to work with a great number of amazing scholars, archivists, librarians and museum staff who aided in my research efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL DRAFT the Meaning of Monuments
    FINAL DRAFT The meaning of monuments: Remembering Italo Balbo in Italy and the United States Author: Nick Carter Credentials: Associate Professor of Modern History, Australian Catholic University Address: Australian Catholic University, National School of Arts, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2135, Australia Tel: +61297014587 Email: [email protected] Abstract This article examines the meaning of monuments in Italy and the United States (Chicago) dedicated to the Fascist gerarch Italo Balbo. A hugely popular personality in Fascist Italy, Balbo cemented his reputation in the early 1930s as the commander of mass-formation transatlantic flights to Brazil (1930-1) and the United States (1933). Chicago’s monuments – a road (Balbo Drive) and a column (the ‘Balbo monument’) – are a legacy of Balbo’s triumphant arrival in the city in 1933. Italy’s monuments date to the postwar and contemporary periods. The article examines why Balbo Drive and the Balbo monument in Chicago have become more controversial over time, especially in recent decades, and why, despite calls for their removal, both remain. It contrasts the Chicago case with the situation in Italy where since the 1990s Balbo has been commemorated in numerous forms. Keywords Italo Balbo, Chicago, monuments, Fascism, memory, critical toponymy Introduction This article examines the meaning of monuments in Italy and the United States (Chicago) dedicated to Italo Balbo, one of Fascism’s ‘most glamorous and competent leaders’ (Segrè 1987, 148). Balbo rose to prominence in the early 1920s as the head of Fascist squad violence around Ferrara. In October 1922, he was one of the four quadrumvirs of the March on Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • The Female Voice in Italian Narrative of the 1930S
    The Female Voice in Italian Narrative of the 1930s Susannah Mary Wintersgill University College London This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ProQuest Number: U643329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U643329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis represents a study of Italian female narrative of the 1930s, a period which has been regarded as a hiatus in female literary production in Italy. Focusing on the work of Anna Banti, Maria Bellonci, Fausta Cialente, Alba de Céspedes, Gianna Manzini, Paola Masino, Elsa Morante, and Anna Maria Ortese, I site their early literary production in the political, social, and cultural context of 1930s’ Italy and reveal how these writers not only created models of female subjectivity which challenged the dominant representations of femininity but also how they came to be regarded as a vital new force in Italian narrative at a time when the Fascist regime was at the height of its power. The thesis is composed of two parts.
    [Show full text]
  • I Witnessing and the Renegotiation of Traumatic Memory in Contemporary
    Witnessing and the Renegotiation of Traumatic Memory in Contemporary Italian Literature Joshua Carter ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1472-0466 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 May 2018 School of Languages and Linguistics The University of Melbourne i Abstract This thesis is the first to draw on witnessing theories explore the renegotiation of traumatic memory in a representative corpus of recent Italian trauma novels. The novels I have selected for this study are Regina di fiori e di perle (2007) by Gabriella Ghermandi, Oltre Babilonia (2008) by Igiaba Scego, and Timira: romanzo meticcio (2012) by Antar Mohamed and Wu Ming 2. These works variously narrate the intergenerational traumas caused by Italian colonisation, dictatorship, and civil war in Somalia and Ethiopia. Intergenerational trauma denotes a collective emotional and psychological injury that goes unresolved across multiple generations. In particular, these works more than any other Italian novels expose readers to the traumatic events of colonialism, dictatorship, and civil war, and the way these events are expressed through symptoms of unresolved trauma. As indicated in the trauma novels considered in this project, the victims of Italian colonialism do not have the opportunity to heal, and for this reason they pass the symptoms of their trauma on to successive generations. In their role as either trauma victims or empathetic listeners, characters resort to witnessing. In all three trauma novels characters turn to witnessing either as trauma victims or as empathetic listeners. Witnessing refers to Shoshana Felman and Dori Laub’s work on trauma, according to which a trauma victim requires the presence of an empathetic listener to recall and narrate their trauma.
    [Show full text]
  • Padre Agostino Gemelli and the Crusade to Rechristianize Italy, 1878–1959: Part One
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2010 Padre Agostino Gemelli and the crusade to rechristianize Italy, 1878–1959: Part one J. Casey Hammond Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Hammond, J. Casey, "Padre Agostino Gemelli and the crusade to rechristianize Italy, 1878–1959: Part one" (2010). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3684. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3684 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3684 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Padre Agostino Gemelli and the crusade to rechristianize Italy, 1878–1959: Part one Abstract Padre Agostino Gemelli (1878-1959) was an outstanding figure in Catholic culture and a shrewd operator on many levels in Italy, especially during the Fascist period. Yet he remains little examined or understood. Scholars tend to judge him solely in light of the Fascist regime and mark him as the archetypical clerical fascist. Gemelli founded the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan in 1921, the year before Mussolini came to power, in order to form a new leadership class for a future Catholic state. This religiously motivated political goal was intended to supersede the anticlerical Liberal state established by the unifiers of modern Italy in 1860. After Mussolini signed the Lateran Pacts with the Vatican in 1929, Catholicism became the officialeligion r of Italy and Gemelli’s university, under the patronage of Pope Pius XI (1922-1939), became a laboratory for Catholic social policies by means of which the church might bring the Fascist state in line with canon law and papal teachings.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Fascism in Britain
    1 Italian Fascism in Britain The Fasci Italiani alVEstero , the Italian Communities, and Fascist Sympathisers during Grandi Era (1932-1939) Claudia Baldoli London School of Economics and Political Science PhD in International History UMI Number: U173786 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U173786 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TueseS r 3 si3 Library British Library of Political and Economic Science 2 Abstract The activity of the Italian Fasci Abroad provides a new perspective on the nature of both Italian and European fascism, as well as on Italy’s foreign policy during the 1930s. This thesis focuses on the means employed by the Fasci in the transformation of Italian communities in Great Britain into Tittle Fascist Italies’. It argues that fascistisation of Italian emigrants became effective from 1932 and seemed to succeed in creating a corporativist and totalitarian community from 1935-36, until the international crisis of 1938-39 brought that Fascist dream to an end. The Ethiopian war and Italy’s alliance with Germany were the most crucial events in the development of the Fasci in their relationship with both the Italian communities and the British government.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Publication Version. to Cite, Please Refer to Final Version Published in the Historical Journal
    University of Dundee Group Portrait Willson, Perry Published in: Historical Journal DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X17000206 Publication date: 2018 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication in Discovery Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Willson, P. (2018). Group Portrait: the Ispettrici Nazionali of the Italian Fascist Party 1937-1943. Historical Journal, 61(2), 431-451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X17000206 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 Pre-publication version. To cite, please refer to final version published in The Historical Journal GROUP PORTRAIT: THE ISPETTRICI NAZIONALI OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST PARTY 1937- 1943 Perry Willson The highest rank that was ever open to women in the Italian fascist party was that of ispettrice nazionale (National Inspectress). From 1937 onwards, the ispettrici provided a group leadership for the party’s rapidly expanding women’s section.
    [Show full text]
  • EMILIO GENTILE Fascistese: the Religious Dimensions of Political Language in Fascist Italy
    EMILIO GENTILE Fascistese: The Religious Dimensions of Political Language in Fascist Italy in WILLIBALD STEINMETZ (ed.), Political Languages in the Age of Extremes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011) pp. 69–82 ISBN: 978 0 199 60296 4 The following PDF is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND licence. Anyone may freely read, download, distribute, and make the work available to the public in printed or electronic form provided that appropriate credit is given. However, no commercial use is allowed and the work may not be altered or transformed, or serve as the basis for a derivative work. The publication rights for this volume have formally reverted from Oxford University Press to the German Historical Institute London. All reasonable effort has been made to contact any further copyright holders in this volume. Any objections to this material being published online under open access should be addressed to the German Historical Institute London. DOI: 3 Fascistese: The Religious Dimensions of Political Language in Fascist Italy EMILIO GENTILE This paper will focus on the religious dimensions of fascist political language, which, for brevity, I will call fascistese. Fascistese is substan- tially made up of three dimensions: religious, military, and bureau- cratic. However, the religious dimension was, in many ways, the predominant one in fascist rhetoric, being more closely linked to the fundamental structure of the political culture of the fascists. This culture was based on the supremacy of mythical thought and on the concept of politics as a total life experience, both in indi- vidual and collective terms. This is an extremely complex subject and can only be developed here in a very condensed form, by means of some general reflections, supported by examples, selected to represent the behavioural patterns that we may consider as con- stituting the essential characteristics of fascism, universally shared by all, or the majority of those who were fascist.
    [Show full text]