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University Microfilms International 300 North 2eei> Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks England HP10 8HB 77-24,616 DANIELS, Mary Ann, 1948- THE HISTORICAL TRANSITION OF WOMEN'S SPORTS AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1885-1975 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL WOMEN'S INTERCOLLEGIATE SETTING DURING THAT PERIOD. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1977 Education, physical Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48ioe © 1977 MARY ANN DANIELS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE HISTORICAL TRANSITION OF WOMEN'S SPORTS AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1885-1975 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL WOMEN'S INTERCOLLEGIATE SETTING DURING THAT PERIOD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mary A. Daniels, B.S., M.A. ***** The Ohio State Ufiiversity 1977 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. Bruce Bennett Dr. Mary Yost Dr. Charles Mand Adviser Department of Physical Education The greater one's understanding of the heritage of women's sports, the broader a person's perspective becomes front which to view and interpret the transitions which have occurred—thus providing a firmer basis from which to make future decisions. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to dedicate this study to the men and women of The Ohio State University who have made the women's sports programs the successes they are today; to acknowledge sincere appreciation to Phyllis J. Bailey, Assistant Director of Athletics, The Ohio State University, for her continual support and guidance; to recognize my committee for their scholarly advice; and to express a warm thank you to my friends, especially Betsy Snyder, for their professional assistance and personal encouragement throughout this project. A special note of appreciation is given to Harriet Reynolds for her invaluable guidance as a professional colleague and friend. Without her patience, understanding, knowledge and inspriation, this study would not have been completed. i i i VITA June 27, 1948 Born - Oshkosh, Wisconsin 1970 B.S., University of Wisconsin — Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 1970-1972 Teaching Associate, Physical Education Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971 M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1972-1973 Graduate Administrative Associate, Division of University Recreation, Intramurals, and Women's Intercollegiate Sports, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1973-1977 Assistant Director of The Department of University Recreation and Intramural Sports, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Physical Education Minor Area: Administration, Parks and Recreation iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VITA LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem; Need for the Study; Scope of the Study; Procedure; Definition of Terms CHAPTER II: THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN'S SPORTS WITHIN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, 1885-1975 Impact of the Industrial Revolution; A New Sport-- Basketball; Formation of the Women's Division of the National Amateur Athletic Federation; Play Day/ Sports Day Concept Developed; Attempt Made to Meet the Needs of All Women in Sport Regardless of their Ability; Establishment of the Tripartite Committee; Creation of the Division of Girls and Women's Sports; Sponsoring of Sports Institutes by the Women's Board of the U. S. Olympic Development Committee; National Championships for College Women; Formation of the Commission for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women; Eventually Named the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women; Impact of Title IX CHAPTER III: THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY—THE BIRTH OF A PROGRAM, 1875-1900 The Ohio State University Opens its Door; First Physical Training Class at Ohio State; Construction of the Armory; Women Compete in Basketball v CHAPTER IV: THE FORMATIVE YEARS, 1900-1922 58 First Intercollegiate Competition for Ohio State Women; Reorganization of the Physical Education Department; Women's Intercollegiates Abolished; Dr. Alice Littlejohn Hired as Director of Women's Physical Education; Department of Competitive and Recreative Athletics Established; Point System Developed for Women; Women's Athletic Association Established; Pomerene Hall Under Construction; Miss Lydia Clark Hired as Director of the Women's Division CHAPTER V: "A GAME FOR ALL AND ALL IN THE GAME," 1922-1936 90 Intramural Competition Offered to Women; Birth of Coed Hi-Jinx; Construction of the Women's Field House; Construction of Pomerene Pool; Women's Athletic Association Point System Abolished; First Ohio State Sponsored Play Day; Death of Mrs. Lydia Clark Benedict; Creation of the Women's Recreation Association CHAPTER VI: THE FIRST NATIONAL COLLEGIATE GOLF TOURNAMENT, 1941 131 Miss Palmer Presented Paper, "Policies on Women's Athletics;" Proposal to Establish a Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association; Women's National Collegiate Golf Tournament CHAPTER VII: TWENTY YEARS OF PROGRAM EXPANSION, 1937-1958.. 156 Creation of "Mirror Lake Night Club;" Sound Administrative Leadership; First Ohio State Intercollegiate Guidelines; Official Beginning of Women's Intercollegiate Competitive Seasons at Ohio State; Change in Leadership Within the Women's Physical Education Division; Creation of the Tripartite Golf Committee CHAPTER VIII: CHANGING TIMES, 1959-1975 214 New Administrative Leadership; Creation of the Bucki-Anna Games; Severing of Ties—Physical Education and Athletics; Relocation of Women's Sports Programs; Establishment of the Athletic vi Medicine Program; Women's Intercollegiates Move to The Department of Athletics CHAPTER IX: SYNTHESIS 268 The Ohio State University's Impact or the National Scene Within the Past Century APPENDIX A: SAMPLE OF THE INTRODUCTORY LETTER USED IN CONTACTING PERSPECTIVE INTERVIEWEES 278 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 280 APPENDIX C: POLICIES FOR SPORTS DAYS AND INTRAMURAL ATHLETICS FOR COLLEGE WOMEN, 1 94-0. 288 APPENDIX D: WOMEN'S RECREATION ASSOCIATION-CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS, 1936 293 APPENDIX E: PROPOSED CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WOMEN'S NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION 300 APPENDIX F: REACTION LETTER TO THE 1941 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE GOLF TOURNAMENT... 309 APPENDIX G: FIRST INTERCOLLEGIATE POLICIES FOR WOMEN AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, 1947 314 APPENDIX H: STATE OF OHIO POLICIES FOR SPORTS DMS FOR COLLEGE WOMEN 321 APPENDIX I: SPECIFIC DUTIES OF THE WM BOARD MEMBERS 330 APPENDIX J: ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROGRAM ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ATHLETICS, 1954 333 APPENDIX K: TRIPARTITE COMMITTEE REPORT, 1956 335 APPENDIX L: TRIPARTITE COMMITTEE REPORT, 1957 343 APPENDIX M: FIVE YEAR PLAN FOR RELOCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WOMEN'S INTERCOLLEGIATE PflOGRM. 361 APPENDIX N: WOMEN'S ATHLETIC MEDICINE PROGRAM 370 vii APPENDIX 0: RECORDS OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES AVAILABLE TO WOMEN, 1884-1975 374 APPENDIX P: COMPARATIVE FIGURES BETWEEN THE ENROLLMENT OF WOMEN STUDENTS AND PARTICIPATION IN INTRAMURAL SPORTS 380 BIBLIOGRAPHY 383 vi ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Revised Structure of the Women's Division of Physical Education, Including the Physical Education Major and Intramurals 105 2 Staff Organization for the Recreation Program Within the Women's Physical Education Di vi si on 129 3 Organizational Chart of the Department of Physical Education 159 4 Women's Recreation Association Structural Plan for Student Organized Intramurals 195 5 Women's Physical Education Divisional Structure Incorporating Faculty Committees 199 6 Plans for Reorganization of the Women's Sports Program Outside the School: Plan

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