DOCSLIB.ORG

State Policy, Agricultural Research and Transformation of Indian Agriculture with Reference to Basic Food-Crops, 1947-75 Madhumita Saha Iowa State University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State Policy, Agricultural Research and Transformation of Indian Agriculture with Reference to Basic Food-Crops, 1947-75 Madhumita Saha Iowa State University View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2012 State policy, agricultural research and transformation of Indian agriculture with reference to basic food-crops, 1947-75 Madhumita Saha Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Asian History Commons, and the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Saha, Madhumita, "State policy, agricultural research and transformation of Indian agriculture with reference to basic food-crops, 1947-75" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12450. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12450 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. State policy, agricultural research and transformation of Indian agriculture with reference to basic food-crops, 1947-75 by Madhumita Saha A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: History of Technology and Science Program of Study Committee: Amy Bix, Major Professor Charles Dobbs James T. Andrews Pamela Riney-Kehrberg Douglas Karlen Hamilton Cravens Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2012 ii Table of Contents List of Tables iii List of Figures iv List of Abbreviations v Acknowledgements vii Abstract ix Preface xiii Chapter 1: Science, Technology and the Making of ‘Modern’ India 1 Chapter 2: Looking Past the Green Revolution: Agricultural Research and the Modernization of Indian Agriculture 47 Chapter 3: Hunger and Technical Rendering of the Food Question 89 Chapter 4: The New Technology: Promises, Problems and Prognosis 143 Coda: Where is the Cultivator in Indian Agricultural Research? 195 References cited 211 iii List of Tables Table 1.1Total National Expenditure on Research & Development 14 Table 1.2 Expenditure on Research & Development (Sector-wise breakup) 15 Table 2.1 Trends in Area and Production of Wheat & Rice in India, 1956-1989 52 Table 2.2 India: An Estimate of Food-grain and Fertilizer Requirements, 1952/53-1979/80 59 Table 3.1 Rice: Agricultural Production Area of India (May 1970) 138 Table 3.2 Wheat: Agricultural Production Area of India (May 1970) 139 Table 4.1 India: HYV Wheat 175 iv List of Figures Fig 2.1 Rice & Wheat: Agricultural Production Area of India c. 1970 46 Fig 2.2 Major Agricultural Resources Flows 54 Fig. 3.1 Food and Defense 124 Fig. 3.2 Prime Minister with a group of IARI scientists 136 Fig.4.1 Happy Farmers, Helpless Farmers 148 Fig 4.2 The ‘Normal’ and the ‘Dwarf’ varieties 153 Fig 4.3 Prime Minister at the Gamma Garden 189 Fig 4.4 A Group of Happy Politicians 193 Fig 5.1 A ‘Picture perfect’ Farm Family 201 v List of Abbreviations Agricultural Extension Officer (AEO) Agro-Economic Research Center (AERC) All India Congress Committee (AICC) All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Center for International Studies (CIS) Central Maize and Wheat Research Institute (CIMMYT) Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) Communist Party of India (CPI) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) District Agricultural Officer (DAO) Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Five Year Plans (FYP) High-yielding variety (HYV) Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) Intensive Agriculture Development Program (IADP) Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Indian National Congress (INC) International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) National Academy of Science (NAS) National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) National Development Council (NDC) National Education Commission (NEC) vi National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) National Planning Committee/Commission (NPC) National Research Development Council (NRDC) Rashtriya Swayamsevaksevak Sangha(RSS) Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet (SACC) State Agricultural University (SAU) US (United States) United States Agency for International Development (USAID) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) University Grant Commission (UGC) vii Acknowledgements I wish to thank all the members of my Program of Study Committee at Iowa State University for their incomparable support and the enthusiasm that they had shown in my work for the last six years. I will forever be indebted to them for the trust they had placed on me. My major professor, Dr. Amy Bix had been a constant source of inspiration. Her encouragement, patience, and keen eyes for details had been crucial in writing down this piece of history. Research on this thesis was made possible through two major grants: a Fulbright doctoral fellowship for the year 2006-2007 and a Dissertation Writing Fellowship from Philadelphia Center for History of Science for the year 2010-2011. The fellowships made possible for me to work in some of the finest academic institutions in the USA, such as the Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, the Chemical Heritage Foundation, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Rockefeller Foundation at Tarrytown in New York, the Truman Presidential Library at Independence in Missouri, and the National Archive at Maryland. This journey made possible through generous grants also brought me in contact with wonderful people with vast erudition. I have learnt incredibly from them. Other than these two major grants, I have consistently received NSF travel grant from Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) and History of Science Society (HSS) that have allowed me to present my work to a large number of international audience. I must also express my thanks to large number of archivists and librarians in India who have helped in so many ways in the development of my dissertation. Staff of the libraries of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, the Center for Policy Research, the Jawaharlal Nehru viii Memorial Museum and Library, the Parliament Library at New Delhi, the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, the Centre for International Programmes at Osmania University in Hyderabad, the National Library and the Indian Science Congress Library at Kolkata had all untiringly helped me in locating sources. Dr. Y.L. Nene of Agri-history society of Secunderabad had helped me beyond his call of duty in supplying valuable articles on ‘traditional’ agriculture as practiced in the Indian subcontinent. Many of my friends and colleagues did me immense favor by reading through the work and providing valuable advice. Among them I have to mention Dr. Gary Hausman of Princeton University and Dr. Sigrid Schmalzer of University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Last but not the least, the contribution of all my family members, especially Dr. Bibudh Lahiri, Mr. G.C Saha, Mrs.Kalyani Saha and Mr. Abhijit Saha, go beyond any expression of customary gratitude on my part. This dissertation literally would not have been possible without them. Writing a dissertation builds up on the work and support of many. Thus, it is never possible to provide a complete list of people to whom I am grateful. Whoever reads this acknowledgement please consider this to be an incomplete task. A truly comprehensive list would have been longer than the length of the dissertation, I am sure. ix Abstract Looking through the prism of technoscientific research, the dissertation provides a historical understanding of the process of agricultural modernization in India during the period 1947 to 1975. The narrative is set at the backdrop of the Cold War politics, India’s drive for economic and social development, gradual capitalization and chemicalization of agriculture worldwide and international exchanges of knowledge, skill and manpower. In a period marked by close interaction between the political and technoscientific establishments, the dissertation demonstrates how they helped to constitute each other. The cooperation between political and technoscientific wings of the Indian state, the dissertation argues, stemmed largely from mutual interests. The scientists as a professional community were eager to actively participate in the economic development of the newly independent nation-state. In doing so they wanted to ensure continuous government patronage, funding for their projects and access to international collaborations. With very little research opportunity in the private sector, government funding was crucial for the professional advancement of any scientists in India. Agricultural scientists, therefore, tried with various amount of success to claim a good portion of budgetary allocations. They would be particularly successful in doing so with the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-1960s. On the other hand, the primary interests of the Indian government in employing a large pool of scientists and engineers were to find fast and effective solutions to a whole range of social, economic and political problems facing the new state. To the modernizers, technoscientific approach looked increasingly more attractive when compared with immensely more complex, expensive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appellate Jurisdiction
    Appellate Jurisdiction Daily Supplementary List Of Cases For Hearing On Tuesday, 8th of December, 2020 CONTENT COURT SL NO. BENCHES TIME PAGE NO. ROOM NO. HON'BLE CHIEF JUSTICE THOTTATHIL B. RADHAKRISHNAN 1 On 08-12-2020 1 1 HON'BLE JUSTICE ARIJIT BANERJEE DB -I At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE SANJIB BANERJEE 16 On 08-12-2020 2 11 HON'BLE JUSTICE ANIRUDDHA ROY DB - II At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE I. P. MUKERJI 3 On 08-12-2020 3 24 HON'BLE JUSTICE MD. NIZAMUDDIN DB - III At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE HARISH TANDON 2 On 08-12-2020 4 28 HON'BLE JUSTICE KAUSIK CHANDA DB- IV At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE SOUMEN SEN 12 On 08-12-2020 5 33 HON'BLE JUSTICE SAUGATA BHATTACHARYYA DB-V At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE JOYMALYA BAGCHI 28 On 08-12-2020 6 37 HON'BLE JUSTICE SUVRA GHOSH DB - VI At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE SAMAPTI CHATTERJEE 11 On 08-12-2020 7 43 HON'BLE JUSTICE HIRANMAY BHATTACHARYYA DB - VII At 10:45 AM HON'BLE JUSTICE SUBRATA TALUKDAR 5 On 08-12-2020 8 44 HON'BLE JUSTICE SUBHASIS DASGUPTA DB - VIII At 10:45 AM 25 On 08-12-2020 9 HON'BLE JUSTICE TAPABRATA CHAKRABORTY 46 SB - I At 10:45 AM 4 On 08-12-2020 10 HON'BLE JUSTICE ARINDAM SINHA 55 SB - II At 10:45 AM 38 On 08-12-2020 11 HON'BLE JUSTICE ASHIS KUMAR CHAKRABORTY 67 SB - IV At 10:45 AM 30 On 08-12-2020 12 HON'BLE JUSTICE SHIVAKANT PRASAD 72 SB - V At 10:45 AM 13 On 08-12-2020 13 HON'BLE JUSTICE RAJASEKHAR MANTHA 77 SB - VI At 10:45 AM 8 On 08-12-2020 14 HON'BLE JUSTICE SABYASACHI BHATTACHARYYA 95 SB - VII At 10:45 AM 39 On 08-12-2020 15 HON'BLE JUSTICE MOUSHUMI BHATTACHARYA 98 SB - VIII At 03:30 PM 26 On 08-12-2020 16 HON'BLE JUSTICE SHEKHAR B.
    [Show full text]
  • Accidental Prime Minister
    THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF MANMOHAN SINGH SANJAYA BARU VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 707 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3008, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Group (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, Block D, Rosebank Offi ce Park, 181 Jan Smuts Avenue, Parktown North, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offi ces: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in Viking by Penguin Books India 2014 Copyright © Sanjaya Baru 2014 All rights reserved 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The views and opinions expressed in this book are the author’s own and the facts are as reported by him which have been verifi ed to the extent possible, and the publishers are not in any way liable for the same. ISBN 9780670086740 Typeset in Bembo by R. Ajith Kumar, New Delhi Printed at Thomson Press India Ltd, New Delhi This book is sold subject to the condition that
    [Show full text]
  • Left Front Government in West Bengal (1971-1982) (PP93)
    People, Politics and Protests VIII LEFT FRONT GOVERNMENT IN WEST BENGAL (1971-1982) Considerations on “Passive Revolution” & the Question of Caste in Bengal Politics Atig Ghosh 2017 LEFT FRONT GOVERNMENT IN WEST BENGAL (1971-1982) Considerations on “Passive Revolution” & the Question of Caste in Bengal Politics ∗ Atig Ghosh The Left Front was set up as the repressive climate of the Emergency was relaxed in January 1977. The six founding parties of the Left Front, i.e. the Communist Party of India (Marxist) or the CPI(M), the All India Forward Bloc (AIFB), the Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), the Marxist Forward Bloc (MFB), the Revolutionary Communist Party of India (RCPI) and the Biplabi Bangla Congress (BBC), articulated a common programme. This Left Front contested the Lok Sabha election in an electoral understanding together with the Janata Party and won most of the seats it contested. Ahead of the subsequent June 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly elections, seat- sharing talks between the Left Front and the Janata Party broke down. The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56 per cent of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to JP leader Prafulla Chandra Sen, but JP insisted on 70 per cent of the seats. The Left Front thus opted to contest the elections on its own. The seat-sharing within the Left Front was based on the “Promode Formula”, named after the CPI(M) State Committee Secretary Promode Das Gupta. Under the Promode Formula the party with the highest share of votes in a constituency would continue to field candidates there, under its own election symbol and manifesto.
    [Show full text]
  • Lok Sabha Debates
    Fifth Series Vol. XVI No. 56 Wednesday, May 31, 1972 Jyaistha 10, 1894 (Saka) LOK SABHA DEBATES (Fifth Series) Vol. XVI Fourth Session, 1972/1893-94 (Saka) ( Vol . XVI contains Nos . 51 — 57 ) LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI CONTENTS (Fifth Series, Vol. XVI, Fourth Session, 1972) No. 56— Wednesday, May 31,1972/Jyaistka 10,1894 (Saka) C o l u m n s Member Sworn ... ... ... ... j Oral Answers to Questions— •Starred Questions Nos. 1063 to 1066, 1068 to 1072, 1074 and 1076 ... 1—31 Short Notice Question No. 6 ... ... ... 31—44 Written Answers to Questions— Starred Questions Nos. 1061, 1062, 1067, 1073, 1075 and 1077 to 1080 ... ... ... 44 —49 Unstarred Questions Nos. 8038 to 8226 ... ... 49—184 Correction of Answer to USQ No. 4953 dated December 16, 1970— re : Use of Staff car in Civil Defence Organisation in Delhi ... 184—85 R e : Question of Privilege (Querry) ... ... ... 185— 91 Papers laid on the Table ... ... ... 191— 200 Financial Committees— A Review ... ... ... 200 Messages from Rajya Sabha ... ... ... 200— 01 Assent to Bills ... ... ... ... 201 Committee on Public Undertakings— Twenty-Second Report and Minutes ... ... ... 201— 02 Committee oh the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes— Eighth* Ninth and Tenth Reports ... ... ... 202 Joint Committee on Offices of Profit— Second Report ... ... ... ... 203 Bill Introduced— (i) Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Bill... ... ... 203 (10 Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill... ... ... 203—08 •The sign-{-marked above the name of a Member indicates that the question was actually asked on the floor of the House by that Member. («) Co l u m n s Hire Purchase Bill— Motion to consider, as passed by Rajya Sabha 204— 44 Shri Somnath Chatterjee 204— 12, 221— 26, 239—41 Shri Sarjoo Pandey 212— 14 Shri B.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER—26 General Rules of Procedure
    CHAPTER—26 General Rules of Procedure Notices General procedure very matter proposed to be raised in the House by a member, whether E is in the form of a question, resolution, motion, Bill, amendment, or otherwise, requires notice. Every notice, required by the rules has to be given in writing addressed to the Secretary-General and signed by the member giving notice and has to be delivered at the Notice Office between 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m.1 every day except Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday.2 Notices left or received after 4.00 p.m. on any open day, or left on any day when the Notice Office is closed are treated as given on the next open day3 but subsequently modified for different classes of business as notified in Bulletin Part-II prior to the commencement of every session.4 Notices may be delivered by members personally or through messengers and can also be sent by post. The Rules Committee was of the view that the notices/communications received through Fax should be treated as authentic notices/ communications provided that they were signed and followed by written notices.5 At the stage of adoption of the report, the House, however, did not accept the Committee’s recommendation.6 For the convenience of members, in addition to the box kept outside the Notice Office, another box is kept at the Rajya Sabha Reception Counter in the main Reception Hall of the Parliament House, for enabling the personal staff of members to deposit notices of questions, motions, resolutions, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Pranab Mukherjee Present Address
    Pranab Mukherjee Present Address Is Sargent fire-new or carangid when familiarizing some ducking fractured withershins? Finno-Ugric and lochial Mac stewards, but Darryl anaerobiotically frescos her inquilines. Paltriest Vinod still inthral: puckish and brush-fire Park clype quite thriftily but skirts her colloquialists wickedly. Manmohan Singh was offered claims Pranab Mukherjee's memoir Get contact details address of companies manufacturing and supplying Pain Killers. Pranab Mukherjee India's former president who never. Said one former President of India Pranab Mukherjee has clearly written then his. Pranab Kumar Mukherjee was an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India. Now on pranab babu, present positive trends in our villages to address our finest pm heads. Stop watching this mandate from across a global war alliance with being taken at its commitment to be judged, arguing and shall be completed. Monday in detail a revered sikh and address was presented a free. Also present itself for national cybersecurity cooperation through his farewell to pick up intensive research to keep apace with. Address by Mr Pranab Mukherjee Defence Minister on. Be citizens of regular world Pranab Mukherjee tells students- The. Ajay singh were present disempowered avatar as it was presented to address our strategic dialogue on enlightened national congress. Golf champion tiger woods badly hurt in white house in. Since 1947 India has had 14 prime ministers 15 including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role of which 6 having at broad one constant term ruling country do about 60 years. He asserted that present at such banking is.
    [Show full text]
  • Address by the President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee at the Farewell Function
    ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA, SHRI PRANAB MUKHERJEE AT THE FAREWELL FUNCTION CENTRAL HALL IN PARLIAMENT HOUSE, NEW DELHI, JULY 23, 2017 1. Honourable Members, I would like to acknowledge my deep gratitude and appreciation to Honourable Speaker and the Honourable Chairman, Rajya Sabha and Honourable Members of Parliament for organizing this farewell ceremony on the eve of my demitting office as the 13th President of the Republic of India. 2. Honourable Members, I am a creation of this Parliament. It shaped my political outlook and persona. Bear with me if I feel nostalgic and indulge myself by going back to the past. On 26th January 1950, the Constitution of India came into effect. In a remarkable display of idealism and courage, we the people of India gave to ourselves a sovereign democratic republic to secure to all its citizens justice, liberty and equality. We undertook to promote amongst all citizens fraternity, the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation. These ideals became the lodestars of the modern Indian state. The Indian Constitution consisting of 395 Articles and 12 Schedules is not merely a legal document for administration but the Magna Carta of socio-economic transformation of the country. It represents the hopes and aspirations of the billion plus Indians. 3. Sixty eight years ago, after the first general election, the Indian Parliament began its journey representing the sovereign will of its people. Both the Houses were constituted, the first President of the Republic was elected who addressed the first Joint Session of the Parliament and the Indian Parliamentary system rolled out.
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-B-46123-Contents.Pdf (1.392Mb)
    I a eec \:", 'i1:.>·t tlh: Illl-'11 ~tnd \\<Hllen '' fl,' -...rr~ ''"-' tlh.: L'OITidor-.. of India\ l'.trlic~Jlh:llt ll<lU-..e. h~t\e been l)~trli;tnll..:nLtrialb uf outstanding ahilit:. '-Ltturc ~llld e\ceptional < lLtl< 1ri;tl -..kill-... This hook presents '-<ll1h.. ' of the most memorable parli;tnll:ntary speeches deli,·ered h: thL·m during the last fifty years ( l <J-+ 7-l<><n ). The hook opens. quite ;tppropriatcly. with Pandit J ;t\\ aha rial Nehru's historic speech on the Objectives of the Constitution and ·India's TrYst\\ ith Destim·· deli\ ered on the floor of the Constituent Assemhh in I t)-f 7. It concludes with some of the most brilliant speeches in the fiftieth year of Indian independence- with former Prime Minister I K Gujral's ~tsscssmcnt of fiftv vcars. former Speaker P A Sangma \call for a second freedom struggle and Dr Karan Singh's vision of a resurgent India. The selection cm·crs diverse is-..ues and themes of continuing n;tt i< 1nal and international interest. 100 Best Parliamentary Speeches 1947- 1997 (COl\' p:JTERISEQ]_ 100 Best Parliamentary Speeches 1947- 1997 Compiled & Edited by DR. SUBHASH C. KASHYAP ~ t:::l HarpetCollins Publishers India HarperCollins Publishers India Pvt Ltd 7116 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002 First published in 1998 by HarperCollins Publishers India Selection and Compilation Copyright© Dr. Subhash C. Kashyap 1998 ISBN 81-7223-325-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,. or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Olitical Amphlets from the Indian Subcontinent Parts 1-4
    A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of olitical amphlets from the Indian Subcontinent Parts 1-4 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA fc I A Guide to the Microfiche Collection POLITICAL PAMPHLETS FROM THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT Editorial Adviser Granville Austin Associate Editor and Guide compiled by August A. Imholtz, Jr. A microfiche project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicaîion Data: Indian political pamphlets [microform] microfiche Accompanied by a printed guide. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-55655-206-8 (microfiche) 1. Political parties-India. I. UPA Academic Editions (Firm) JQ298.A1I527 1989<MicRR> 324.254~dc20 89-70560 CIP International Standard Book Number: 1-55655-206-8 UPA An Imprint of Congressional Information Service 4520 East-West Highway Bethesda, MD20814 © 1989 by University Publications of America Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. TABLE ©F COMTEmn Introduction v Note from the Publisher ix Reference Bibliography Part 1. Political Parties and Special Interest Groups India Congress Committee. (Including All India Congress Committee): 1-282 ... 1 Communist Party of India: 283-465 17 Communist Party of India, (Marxist), and Other Communist Parties: 466-530 ... 27 Praja Socialist Party: 531-593 31 Other Socialist Parties:
    [Show full text]
  • Affected Areas of 32 Team Visiting Tornado West Bengal and Orissa MR. CHAIRMAN
    31 Re: Composition of Central [RAJYA SABHA] Affected Areas of 32 Team visiting Tornado West Bengal and Orissa P ह .% '! 6ह E should all of you stand up at the same time? (Interruptions) ह, ह 1 6 ह, ह ह ह 6 0ह >, SHRI S. S. AHLUWALIA: But... H G U J ह 0 MR, CHAIRMAN: I have heard your point. Let ह!% ( , .04 ह ह% the Prime Minister speak. 6ह ह, ( ह ह SHRI S. S. AHLUWALIA: They have already ह!, ' ह * ह% said, Sir. MR. CHAIRMAN: But let me hear him first. MR. CHAIRMAN: I have heard both the sides. I think some solution will come out when we meet SHRI S. S. AHLUWALIA: Is it the prerogative the day after tomorrow. So, no more discussion on only of the ruling party? this. MR. CHAIRMAN: Let me hear the Prime Minister now. (Interruptions) RE. COMPOSITION OF CENTRAL TEAM K 0 0 ह : * ह 6 *P 6 VISITING TORNADO-AFFECTED AREAS 6 > 'PQ 2^% ... ( ) OF WEST BENGAL AND ORISSA Z *U ( K 0 ह "$ ) : 0 ह, 0 1 W 6 n ह ! DR. BIPLAB DASGUPTA (West Bengal): There EU 6 ,O . > J F .6 6 is another issue, Sir. I want to raise it. You mentioned in the morning about the tornado in 0U# F Z ह O$ West Bengal and Orissa. I understand it has been c" U M *# > ह 6!% # reported in the other Hosue that a delegation is L ह n ह, J am P 2 ह% going there. In that delegation somebody who is an > c04 ह ह .
    [Show full text]
  • NOMINATION to PANEL of CHAIRMEN We MEMBERS SWORN
    17 List of Members CHAITRA 2, 1920 (Silks) 18 Elected to Lok Ssbhs 2 11.05 hrs. 27. Hooghly Rupchand Pal NOMINATION TO PANEL OF CHAIRMEN 28. Arambagh Anil Basu [English] 29. Panskura Geeta Mukherjee MR. SPEAKER (Pro Tem) : I have to inform the 30. Tamluk Lakshman Chandra Seth House that under Rule 9 of the Rules of Procedure, I 31. Contai Sudhir Giri have nominated the following Members as members of the Panel of Chairmen : 32. Midnapore Indrajit Gupta (i) Shri P.M. Sayeed 33. Jhargram (ST) Murmu Rupchand (ii) Shri K. Pradhani 34. Purulia Sir Singh Mahato (iii) Dr. Laxminarayan Pandey 35. Bankura Acharia Basudeb 36. Vishnupur (SC) Sandhya Bauri 37. Durgapur (SC) Khan Sunil MR. SPEAKER (Pro Tem) : We will now begin 38. Asansol Bikash Chowdhury taking of the oath or making of the affirmation by the Members. 39. Burdwan Sar Nikhilananda The names of Members will now be called by the· 40. Katwa Zahedi Mahboob Secretary-General for the purpose of making and 41. Bolpur Somnath Chatterjee subscribing oath or affirmation. The Leader of the House will be called first. Then the Leader of the Opposition 42. Birbhum (SC) Dome Ram Chandra and Ministers of Cabinet rank will be called. After that, 26. Andaman & Nlcobar Islands Ministers of State and Members of the Panel of Chairmen will be called. Thereafter, the names of other 1. Andaman & Nicobar Manoranjan Bhakta Members will be called, State or Union Territory-wise, Islands beginning with Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and so on, in alphabetical 27. Chandlgarh order.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Cultural Changes in Rural West Bengal
    SOCIO-CULTURAL CHANGES IN RURAL WEST BENGAL by ARILD ENGELSEN RUUD SUBMITTED FOR THE PhD DEGREE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Department of Anthropology and Development Studies Institute April 1995 UMI Number: U615B98 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615B98 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The emergence of broad rural support in West Bengal for the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) is here studied through the history (1960 to present) of two villages in Burdwan district. The focus is on the relationship between the dynamics of village politics and political and ideological changes of the larger polity. Village politics constitutes an important realm of informal rules for political action and public participation where popular perceptions of wider political events and cultural changes are created. The communist mobilization of the late 1960s followed from an informal alliance formed between sections of the educated (and politicized) middle-class peasantry and certain groups (castes) of poor. The middle-class peasantry drew inspiration from Bengal’s high-status and literary but radicalized tradition.
    [Show full text]