This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. How to cite this thesis / dissertation (APA referencing method): Surname, Initial(s). (Date). Title of doctoral thesis (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from http://scholar.ufs.ac.za/rest of thesis URL on KovsieScholar Surname, Initial(s). (Date). Title of master’s dissertation (Master’s dissertation). Retrieved from http://scholar.ufs.ac.za/rest of thesis URL on KovsieScholar ARGUMENTATIVE DISCOURSE IN THE ISIXHOSA NOVEL INGQUMBO YEMINYANYA AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION WRATH OF THE ANCESTORS: AN APPRAISAL-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE BY ZAMEKA PAULA SIJADU Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements in respect of the Degree of Philosophae Doctor (Language Practice) in the Department of Linguistics and Language Practice in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of the Free State January 2018 Supervisor: Professor Jacobus Marais Co-supervisor: Professor Marriana Wilhelmina Visser DECLARATION: I, Zameka Paula Sijadu declare that the Doctoral Research Dissertation that I herewith submit for the Doctoral’s Degree qualification Philosophae Doctor (Language Practice) at the University of the Free State is my independent work, and that I have not previously submitted it for a qualification at another institution of higher education. Furthermore, I do cede copyright of this thesis in favour of the University of the Free State. ……………………………………. Date: January 2018 i Abstract This study examines the evaluation in translation of argumentative discourse in the isiXhosa novel Ingqumbo yeminyanya and its English translation The wrath of the ancestor. The novel, Ingqumbo yeminyanya is a classical novel in isiXhosa, which is rich in African cultural tradition of Mpondomise Kingdom. The isiXhosa novel was published in 1940 in South Africa and later translated into English by the author with the help of his wife, Priscilla Phyliss Jordan. It was later published as The wrath of the ancestors in 1980. The main theme of the novel revolve around socio-cultural issues as manifested in issues of traditional government in rural context at the time in South Africa. The study applies a multi-perspective framework in investigating the extent to which argumentative equivalence are realised in argumentative segments in the Xhosa source text compared to the English target text. Firstly, the study applies the Pragma-dialectical theory as postulated by Van Eemeren and colleagues (1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003, 2010, 2014, 2015) to analyse argumentative segments from the three broad stages of narrative in the novel, namely, sunrise, noon, and sunset. The properties of argumentative discourse as postulated in the ideal model of pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation are investigated on the selected argumentative segments. The investigation invokes notions of the contextualization of argumentative discourse that contribute to the evaluation and analysis of argumentative discourse. It is argued that the traditional cultural belief system of the characters in the novel influence the manner in which argumentative exchanges are conducted. It is to demonstrate how the context-dependency of these argumentative moves employed by the protagonist and antagonist during the discussion constrain the resolution process of the critical discussion. Secondly, the study examines the presentational devices of argumentative segments with regard to the properties of appraisal in translation as postulated by Munday (2012). The study examines how presentational devices are manifested as tools in argumentation theory, for presenting arguments in the most effective manner. The study invokes the appraisal framework introduced by Munday which stipulates guidelines to explore socio-linguistic properties in the translation of the presentational devices, specifically in identifying critical points that determine argumentative equivalence. Argumentative equivalence in the translated text vary in each argumentative exchange. Instances occur where shifts are not of a major concern because they help the target reader to comprehend the story. However, in some cases where significant shifts are observed, namely, where a significant portion of the narrative content is omitted in the target text. The study invokes the notion of self-translation for investigating such cases. The study demonstrates that argumentative discourse in the context of Mpondomise culture provides new understanding concerning the nature of argumentative patterns and the manifestation of the principles and properties of argumentative theory. ii Amagqabantshintshi Esi sifundo sivavanya inguqulelo yobume bengxoxo-ntetho kuncwadi lwesiXhosa Ingqumbo yeminyanya nenguqulelo yayo yesiNgesi i-The wrath of the ancestors. Ingqumbo yeminyanya yincwadi yesiXhosa, etyebileyo kwinkcubeko namasiko ase-Afrika obukumkani bamaMpondomise. Le ncwadi yesiXhosa yapapashwa ngo-1940 eMzantsi Afrika yaze yaguqulelwa esiNgesini ngumbhali wayo encediswa yinkosikazi yakhe, uPriscilla Phyliss Jordan. Yapapashwa mva ngesihloko The wrath of the ancestors ngo-1980. Umxholo wale noveli ungqongwe bubume-benkcubeko yoburhulumente besintu namasiko aloo maxesha eMzantsi Afrika. Esi sifundo sisebenzise iinkalo ngeenkalo ukuphanda ukuba iingxoxo-ntetho ezikwinoveli yesiXhosa (ST) zifezekisiwe ngokufanayo kwinoveli eyinguqulelo yayo yesiNgesi (TT). Okokuqala, isifundo sisebenzise ithiyori ye-“Pragma-dialectic” eyasekwa ngu-Van Eemeren no-Grootendorst nabalingane babo (1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003, 2010, 2014, 2015) ekuhlalutyeni izicatshulwa zeengxoxo zenoveli kumacandelo amathathu angala; ukuphuma kwelanga, emini maqanda, ukutshona kwelanga. Imiba engundoqo kubume beengxoxo-ntetho njengoko isekiwe kwimodeli yethiyori ye-pragma-dialectic iphandiwe kwizicatshulwa ezikhethiweyo kulencwadi. Uphando luveza iimbono ngesimo nobume bentlalo beengxoxo-ntetho obuthi bongezelele ekuvavanyeni nasekuhlalutyeni iingxoxo ntetho. Kukho imbono ethi amasiko neenkolo zenkcubeko zabalinganiswa kuluncwadi ziphembelela indlela abazibumba ngayo nabanxulumana ngayo kwingxoxo-ntetho. Uphando lubonakalisa indlela iingxoxo-ntetho zomlinganiswa ophambili nochasayo ezixhomekeke ngayo kwisimo nobume bentlalo nendlela ezithi zithintela ngayo ukusonjululwa kwempixano engundoqo. Okwesibini, isifundo sivavanya ubuchule bokubeka umbandela ongundoqo wengxoxo-ntetho malunga nemiba yethiyori ye-“Appraisal in Translation,” eyasekwa ngu-Munday (2012). Esi sifundo sivavanye indlela obubuchule bokubeka umbandela busetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuxoxa ngempumelelo kwithiyori yengxoxo-ntetho (Argumentation theory). Isifundo sisebenzise isakhiwo se-Appraisal esaqulunqwa ngu-Munday esibeka imiqathango ejonga ubume-bamagama kwinguqulelo yolwimi lwesakhono nobugcisa bokubeka umbandela, ingakumbi apho kujongwa ukufaniswa kwengxoxo-ntetho yenguqulelo (TT) inokuphazamiseka khona. Xa kuthelekiswa ingxoxo-ntetho yoluncwadi lwesiseko (ST) kwizicatshulwa eziguquliweyo lwahlukile kwezenguqulelo yesingesi (TT). Kukho amathuba apho utshintsho lungenzanga mahluko ungako kuba lunceda umfundi wenguqulelo akwazi ukuliqonda ibali. Nangona, kwezinye iimeko kukho utshintsho olumandla, apho umthamo omninzi webali ususiwe kwinguqulelo. Kwimeko ezilolu hlobo esi sifundo siveze imeko ebangwa yinguqulele yombhali oziguqulele ngokwakhe incwadi yakhe (self-translator). Esi sifundo sibonakakisa ukuba isimo nobume bengxoxo-ntetho yenkcubeko yamaMpondomise inika ulwazi olutsha malunga nendlela iingxoxo-ntetho ezilulo, nendlela imiba engundoqo yethiyori yengxoxo- ntetho eyenzeka ngayo. iii Opsomming Hierdie studie ondersoek evaluasie in die vertaling van argumentasie diskoers in die Xhosa novella Ingqumbo yeminyanya en die Engelse vertaling daarvan The warth of the ancestors. Die novelle Ingqumbo yeminyanya is ‘n klasieke prosawerk wat in 1940 gepubliseer is in Suid-Afrika en later in Engels vertaal is deur die outeur met die hulp van sy vrou Priscilla Jordan. Dit is gepubliseer as The warth of the ancestors in 1980. Die hooftema van die novelle sentreer om die sosio-kulturele vraagstukke gemanifesteer in die konteks van vraagstukke van tradisionele regering in Suid-Afrika gedurende die tydperk rondom 1940. Die studie gebruik ‘n multi-perspektief raamwerk in die ondersoek van die mate waartoe argumentasie ekwivalensie gerealiseer word in argumentasie segmente in die Xhosa bronteks in vergelyking met die Engelse teikenteks. Eerstens gebruik die studie die pragma-dialektiese teorie, soos gepostuleer deur Frans van Eemeren en kollegas (1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003, 2010, 2014, 2015) om argumentasie segmente te ontleed uit die drie breë dele van die narratief in die novelle, naamlik sonsopkoms (‘sunrise’), middag (‘noon’) en sonsondergang (‘sunset’). Die kenmerke van argumentasie diskoers soos gepostuleer in die ideale model van die pragma- dialektiese teorie van argumentasie word ondersoek vir geselekteerde argumentasie segmente. Die ondersoek gebruik begrippe rakende die kontekstualisering van argumentasie diskoers wat bydra tot die evaluasie en analise van argumentasie diskoers. Daar word betoog dat die tradisionele kulturele geloofsisteem van die karakters in die novelle die wyse beïnvloed waarop argumentasie interaksies plaasvind. Die studie demonstreer hoe die konteks-afhanklikheid van die argumentasie skuiwe gebruik deur die protagonis en antagonis gedurende die bespreking die resolusieproses in die kritiese bespreking beperk. Die studie ondersoek tweedens hoe die aanbiedingsmiddele van argumentasie segmente met betrekking