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Coastal News Coastal news Issue 31 • March 2006 Newsletter of the New Zealand Coastal Society: a Technical Group of IPENZ Contents Hindcasting and Forecasting Hindcasting and Forecasting Ocean Conditions around Ocean Conditions New Zealand 1 around New Zealand New Engineering Guidelines 3 Drs David Johnson, Peter McComb and Brett obtaining location specific ocean data does Managing the Impacts Beamsley of MetOcean Solutions Ltd not necessarily require costly consulting of Living on the Coast (www.metocean.co.nz) discuss the benefits of a assignments involving instrument through Triple Bottom newly available, low cost and yet high-resolution deployments. Advanced modelling and the Line Assessments 4 wind, wave, tide and current hindcasting and accessibility of computer processing power forecasting tool for all of New Zealand. have allowed MSL to develop a regional Coastal Engineering metocean hindcast / forecast system, Award goes to New Coastal process management has long providing high-resolution ocean data for Zealanders 5 benefited from knowledge of the ocean any location within New Zealand waters. conditions - particularly in the fields of Tsunamis in the development planning, infrastructure design New Zealand is a unique location in many Auckland region: and hazard management. Prevailing and respects. The ocean dominates our temperate Where? How big? extreme wave, swell, tidal and storm surge climate, and NZ straddles the zone between How often? 6 conditions are a key set of drivers for the sub-Tropic and the sub-Antarctic. The Development of coastal decisions in these fields. Historically, much mountainous topography causes high spatial hazard risk indicators of the readily available data has been of a variability in the wind fields, and the coastal for the Bay of short temporal duration or low spatial complexity leads to strong gradients in wave Plenty Region 8 resolution, or required to be commissioned energy. The west coast is subject to persistent from consultants on a project-by-project long period swells, while the northeast coast Sandy Bits 12 basis. Even though the quality and quantity is typically calm yet sometimes experiences NZCS Management of ocean data has improved significantly the effects of tropical cyclones. The wave Committee 12 over time, the coastal manager or engineer climate is highly dynamic and changeable is still constrained by available data in their and at times New Zealand experiences Changing Coastal decision making process. However, extreme sea states. There is a tidal Values 13 amphidrome in Cook Strait, and the tidal Word from the Chair 14 current regime varies considerably from News from the Regions 15 Blue Flag Flies High at Westhaven Marina 18 Wet Bits 19 News from the UK 20 Conferences and Workshops 23 NZCS Regional Coordinators 23 Undaria pinnatifida Investigation in Tauranga Harbour 24 Figure 1: Nesting on successively finer grids gives detailed resolution of ocean conditions near the coast in areas of interest. ISSN 1172-6938 www.coastalsociety.org.nz Coastal News Figure 2: The forecast/hindcast system generates high-resolution regional and local information. location to location. Oceanic and coastal currents as GIS and integrated with topographical maps. are forced by the wind, steered by complex Relatively routine or low profile coastal planning bathymetry and modified by geostrophy. or hazard management decisions can be supported by immediate access to high quality, To deal with this complexity, the MSL system local data. runs numerical models on a series of nested numerical domains. This allows the ocean MetOcean forecasts of the waves, winds and processes to be resolved at increasingly smaller currents are generated twice per day, and scales until the local features in areas of interest provide hourly data up to 7 days ahead. are properly represented, while ensuring that accurate boundary conditions apply at each stage. MSL utilises state-of the–art open source models In addition to pre-processed hindcast data, MSL that have been developed within the general provides an on-line, web based forecast system academic community1, and the open availability providing wind and wave forecasts for specific of these models ensures transparency in terms of locations around the New Zealand coastline 7 the scientific methods used. The models have days out. Already in use by commercial users, been tested, validated and used operationally in such as ports and oil companies, as well as numerous other locations, and MSL carries out recreational uses (www.swellmap.com), the independent validation for the New Zealand forecasting system models location specific wind, implementations. wave, tide, surge conditions and current flows. By providing all the important forecast The MetOcean models have been validated information in one place, it greatly facilitates pro- against numerous measurements around NZ active hazard management. Specifically, the model provides the complex inputs needed for applications such as oil spill trajectory simulations, Historical and forecast boundary conditions are search and rescue, beach safety, and coastal erosion obtained from global model solutions and / overtopping warnings. measured satellite data. MSL has created an infrastructure in which the models are integrated As an example of how the MSL system has been and data post-processed to provide the end user applied, the wave climate at the entrance to Port with easily utilised data products for engineering Taranaki has been hindcast at spatial scales of 25 design, environmental planning, hazard m, characterising wave transformation in varying management and even marine based recreation. sea states over the tidal cycles and allowing operational parameters for the shipping channel It is now economical for national, regional and to be studied in detail. In forecast mode, the even multi-location local hindcasts to be run system runs on a 12-hourly cycle to provide effectively en masse and the data stored offline – forecasts of wave spectra along the shipping such as by DVD – for the immediate use by coastal channel and long wave surging within the harbour planners, engineers, students and researchers for a variety of applications. What’s more, data can An hourly hindcast time-series of the waves, be made available in user-friendly formats such winds, tides and currents is available for any 1 Ocean waves are simulated using SWAN. Currents and location in NZ for an 8 year period (June 1997 tidal elevations are simulated using an implementation of to date). The data hindcast period will extend the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and wind flows are to 25 years by late 2006. modelled with MM5. 2 Coastal News No. 31 7 days ahead, and the data are used to calculate of information that is available without the need under keel clearance and assist planning of marine for costly instrument deployments. MSL are operations. working to maximise the potential of these advances and deliver high quality, high resolution Advances in wind, wave and current modelling, and easy to understand information about oceanic combined with the growth of oceanographic conditions to the finger-tips of professionals who knowledge and computing power, are creating a actively manage and work in our coastal and new paradigm in the quantity, detail and accuracy oceanic environment. Coastal News Figure 3: Forecasts are available to marine operators through an on-line web interface. New Engineering Guidelines The National Committee on Coastal and Ocean The 128-page coastal Engineering has recently published two texts, guidelines text is a more titled Guidelines For Responding To The Effects Of general work aimed at Climate Change In Coastal And Ocean Engineering spanning the gamut of - 2004 update and Coastal Engineering Guidelines coastal and ocean For Working With The Australian Coast In An engineering activities in Ecologically Sustainable Way. Australia. The 75-page climate The chapter headings change text provides a give an indication of the background to the report’s depth and scientific debate on the coverage and include causes of atmospheric coastal zone policy, warming due to the ethics, responsibilities and the duty of care, coastal enhanced greenhouse environment, coastal development, coastal effect and identifies the engineering methodology, standards, codes and primary climate quality assurance. sensitive factors for various types of coastal As well, there are supplements on beach engineering activities. replenishment, marinas, outfalls and construction materials for the marine environment. It summarises the scenarios provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Both these books can be ordered from EA Books outlines how this may be interpreted for the for $22 each (GST included): Australian coastline and ocean. It further makes www.engaust.com.au/bookshop/location.asp recommendations on how the information can be incorporated into engineering design, Courtesy of Engineers Media, Civil Engineers demonstrating the principles by example. Australia, October 2005 edition, p50. March 2006 3 Managing the Impacts of Living on the Coast through Triple Bottom Line Assessments Buffalo Beach and Cooks Beach, both located on objectives were developed to identify desired the east coast of the Coromandel Peninsula, have outcomes for each beach over the next 50 years. suffered from varying levels of coastal erosion The draft vision and objectives were developed hazard since the areas were developed during so that they could be further canvassed with the
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