Kent School Goes to Germany University of Louisville Inside this issue:

The Honor System in 1-2 The Honor System in Munich, Germany Munich, Germany

Must Be Something in the 1-2 by Magen Copher Water Elaborate architecture, his- Planes, Trains, and Lots of 3 tory rich cities, innovative Walking public transportation sys- tems, authentic Bavarian Social Work at a 4-5 food, and mouthwatering Polyclinic for Palliative Care pastries; these are features 6 of Munich, Germany guaran- Grafing and Prien am teed to excite any tourist. Chiemsee However, I was amazed by a 7 different, probably rather Discrimination in the United minuet, aspect of everyday States vs. life in Munich: reliance on Germany the honor system. Observa- Monastery of 8 tions I made during the first a ticket from the automated twice to my group while in Benediktbeuern two days of my stay in Ger- dispensers but there is not a Germany. Conversations with many lead me to conclude system that ensures each German students revealed The Homeless of Germany 9 that Munich relies on the person has a ticket prior to that this is a strange occur- honesty of consumers to boarding. While on the train a rence. According to German Quiet Conversations as a 10 facilitate everyday functions rider may be approached by natives, the likelihood of be- Sign of Respect of the city. For example, an authority (dressed in casu- ing approached is rare, so it is train tickets are not checked al clothes so not to be recog- surprising to me that delin- A Visit to the Dachau 11 prior to boarding the trains. nized) and asked to present quent riding is not a larger Concentration Camp People are expected to buy their ticket, this occurred (continued on page 2) Happy International Women’s 12 Must Be Something in the Water Day! Germany Refugee Crisis 13 by Tammie Barrett

I like to consider myself a Fiji water daily at home, but the States, but was I wrong. Right to Dignity: Harm Reduc- 14 water connoisseur. Tap wa- during my two week adven- The water was carbonated tion Interventions in Germany ter or bottle water, I love ture to Munich, I was forced bottle water. That water was water. My favorite water is to drink other water. During the most disgusting I have Fiji water. Fiji water has the my first meal in Munich, we ever drank. Going back to Acknowledgements 15 most pure taste, clean taste, ordered water. I assumed the hotel, there was not a I have ever tasted. I drink this water was the same as in (continued on page 2) Page 2 Kent School Goes to Germany

The Honor System in Munich, Germany (continued from page 1)

problem. My impression of the public transportation system was that it contin- ues to be extremely successful and I won- der if reliance on honest rider conduct enables the transportation system to run quickly, timely, and more efficiently over- all. Another example was that pretzels sit on the tables in many of the Bavarian restaurants. Guests are free to eat as many pretzels as they please but the pretzels are not free of charge. The wait- ers and waitresses do not keep track of who ate pretzels and how many. Instead, at the end of the meal they ask each per- son if they had any pretzels and then charge them accordingly. This may seem like a minor experience, but when I com- pare these examples to personal experi- ences in the United States, Germany and on the table are free, therefore unproblematic if taken without permission or else the US seem starkly different. For exam- they are not provided at all until requested. I would be surprised if, while in America, ple, turnstiles are the gatekeepers to sub- a server relied on my honesty and asked me to report my own purchases rather than ways in America. While using a subway in keeping careful record themselves. This probably explains why I was so surprised Washington DC a few years back I re- when a waiter asked me to report what I had eaten following a meal on the second member purchasing a ticket and subse- day of my stay in Germany. Of course, as a tourist, I was able to come up with many quently submitting it before ever even creative reasons for this difference between German and US society. I speculated seeing the trains. Similarly, I have never that Germany trusted its citizens more, or that such customs were taught to German had a server rely on my word when calcu- students in grade school. As a German native put it, "it comes down to respect," re- lating my bill. Food items that are placed spect for one another, businesses, and the societal structures.

Must Be Something in the Water (continued from page 1)

water fountain, so you have to drink tap water from the bathroom. This tap water was the best I have ever tasted. The water reminded me of my youth during the summer. Being outside until late, running home after a long hard day of playing to drink water. Savoring the cool deli- cious aqua as it rolls down my throat into my stomach, this pales in comparison with how great the water in Munich tasted. Why does the water in Munich taste so good? Maybe it is the proximity of Munich to the Alps or maybe the water in Munich is highly regulated. Whatever the reason, if you are in Munich, make sure you drink tap water from your hotel, or request water without gas. Either way you cannot go wrong, unless you order carbonated water.

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Planes, Trains, and Lots of Walking by Caitlyn O’Donnell than the public transportation in Louis- Munich’s transportation system is vastly a subway, and I did not understand the ville, a person can actually rely on public different than the transportation that signs pointing in so many directions for transportation in Munich to be on time. we have grown accustomed to in Louis- the various trains. By the middle of the ville, KY. They have a well-organized first week, it became so normal to know Munich is also a walking city; many of the system of trains, subways, trams, and where I was going in the middle of the streets in the inner part of the city are buses that can take you to anywhere in train station. It was actually quite easy to not accessible by car. I wore my FitBit the city quickly and efficiently. Most learn to navigate the U-Bahn and S-Bahn activity tracker throughout the trip and people in Munich rely on public trans- system. There was a large map that had on average we walked six to seven miles portation and walking to get around. As each route and which stops each one a day! This is a huge difference from the a group we utilized the subways, made, all of the routes had a letter and a 5,000 steps a day that the average Amer- U-Bahns and S-Bahns, to get to the Uni- number as their name. All of the stations ican takes daily. It was so convenient to versity, agencies, and to get around had clearly marked signs to each subway be able to walk to so many of the things town. On the days when we ventured train with the name of the route. The in the city like museums, restaurants, and further outside the city, we took a train. most confusing part was just making sure other attractions. The city of Munich is The first time I walked into the main you got on the train headed in the cor- much less spread out than Louisville, so it train station in Munich it was over- rect direction! I was so surprised at how makes public transportation and walking whelming. There were trains pulling efficient their public transportation is. It a much more feasible option than having into the station, people running to catch is much more accessible and punctual a car. Page 4 Kent School Goes to Germany Social Work at a Polyclinic for Palliative Medicine by Megan Ray At the University of München’s Klinik und Poliklinik für Pallia- tivmedizin, palliative care is viewed as comprehensive care for indi- viduals who have been diagnosed with an incurable and progressive disease that is expected to lead to death within 3-6 months. The mission of the clinic, which opened in 2004, is to improve the pa- tient’s quality of life through pain management and the manage- ment of physical symptoms. The clinic typically has 8-10 patients at a time. Most of the patients are very young and range in age be- tween their 20’s and 60’s. The difference between palliative care at the university hospital and hospice is the palliative unit is led by an interdisciplinary medical team and hospice is led by a nurse. The interdisciplinary team at the clinic is made up of specially trained doctors, nurses, a social worker, a pulmonary therapist, a psycholo- gist, and a chaplain. Every member of the team has a different per- spective, background, and experiences in which they draw form. Each member of the team has the ability to address the problem from their own perspective, but a part of being a palliative care team is respecting the other fields, their expertise, and recognizing when it is time for another team member to lead. “The patients’ rooms also have oversized The clinic’s social worker, Karla Steinburg, gave the Kent School stu- balcony doors that allow the staff to dents a tour of the clinic which has beautiful décor unlike a typical hos- pital setting with hardwood floors, light paint colors, and art. The pa- push the patient’s bed outside and allow tients’ rooms are large enough to place a second bed so that a family them to enjoy the fresh air, the sky, the member can stay the night and lay side by side, if that is what the pa- plants, and the flowers; this is just an tient needs. Ms. Steinberg stated that if the patient doesn’t want to be additional measure of improving the alone, then they are not alone. The unit has a large community kitchen and “living room” which serves a peaceful place for the family to take a quality of life during end of life care.” break; the room has also been used for celebrations such as birthdays and weddings. The mirror in the bathroom is tinted and gives the viewer the appearance of being physically tan and healthy. Ms. Steinburg explained that even though this isn’t the patients actual appearance it gives the patient a boost of confidence, it helps them forget for just a second that they are sick, and can momentarily make the patient feel a little better. The patients’ rooms also have oversized balcony doors that allow the staff to push the pa- tient’s bed outside and allow them to enjoy the fresh air, the sky, the plants, and the flowers; this is just an additional measure of improving the quality of life during end of life care. Another unique aspect of the clinic is the separate outside entrance from the hospital that allows the patients to be able to say goodbye to their pets if they are too sick to leave the unit. The clinic recognizes the important role our pets our in our life, especially in our quality of life. A palliative care clinic for children will be opening soon across the courtyard and the social worker stated her concerns for how this might affect her patients. Considering the young age of some of the patients, who will see these children from across the courtyard, it may cause unnecessary anxiety about the future of their own children. Lastly the palliative care unit has a peaceful and beautiful Page 5 Social Work at a Polyclinic for Palliative Medicine (continued)

“room of silence.” The social worker explained that this room is used as a place for the family members to take a break, gather their thoughts, pray, and/or meditate. The room is divided halfway by a sliding partition because the room is commonly used for the immediate viewing and goodbye if one of the patients pass away at the clinic. The clinic allows the family to come view the deceased patient for up to 24 hours before they are moved to a funeral home. Ms. Steinberg’s role as the social worker is to work with the patient and their family to address physiological, social, and spiritual needs during the end of life process. Ms. Steinberg, partners with the individual and their family to accomplish last wishes and make end of life arrangements. The goal of the clinic is to spend 2-3 weeks with the patient to optimize their medication in order to manage their pain and symptoms, then to have the client return to their home for a peaceful death with their loved ones. Sadly though that isn’t always able to happen. Ms. Steinburg re- ported that roughly 50% of the patients die in the unit, 30% leave the unit and go to hospice, and 20% are able to die at home. She believes the cause of these numbers is that many of the patients are in denial of their illness and their impending death and they view palliative care as a final death sentence so they wait far too long to enter the clinic and get help. The social worker explained that the hardest part of her job is when a patient passes and things are still left undone, for example one of her clients didn’t have anyone arranged to care for their 5 year son after their death. Other roles of the social worker include establishing end of life directives, assigning a medical surrogate, discharge planning, and advanced care planning. Ms. Steinburg discussed that a large portion of her day is spent in conversation with the patients, who often times just need someone to be there with them, compassionately listen, and acknowledge their grief. To best summarize the work and fulfillment Karla Steinberg gets from being a social worker at the clinic she told us a story of a young mother who had cancer and was leaving behind her little boy. The young mother told Ms. Steinburg her only dying wish was to take her son on a helicop- ter ride. Finding an in-kind donation of this magnitude was no easy task, and Ms. Steinburg stated that at the time she didn’t understand the rea- soning, but she knew how important it was to the mother and worked very hard to secure the donation and organize the ride with the little boy. Upon returning from the helicopter ride the mother gratefully and tear- fully told Ms. Steinburg that the purpose of the helicopter ride was to show her little boy where the angels live and to let him know that even when she is an angel she will still be watching down over him. The young mother peacefully passed away that evening knowing her son would always remember their ride together and to be comforted by knowing where the angels live. Page 6 Kent School Goes to Germany Grafing and Prien am Chiemsee

Sheryl Farfan-Tello and works with kindergarten students. finished. Both islands were beautiful and Besides having the opportunity to ex- She told me how passionate was about people were friendly and welcoming. I plore the city of Munich and Nuremberg, her job and be able to help children with like how people come here to have a I had the chance to visit my friend Lena special needs. I learned regardless of lovely summer vacation or just spend the which I haven’t seen since we graduated culture and language, the passion to help holidays with their families. After we vis- high school. She and her family lived in others it’s the same. ited the islands, we went to a restaurant the suburbs of Munich and this place The next day, I met three other friends and have some Bavarian food, I tried was called Grafing. My friend described and we all went together to Prien am pork with dumplings and it was delicious. this place as a small village and she loves Chiemsee. This place it’s close to a lake My time in both places was incredible, I it. It is such a small place that I could where usually people come during the learned a little bit about the Bavarian walk to the bakery to buy a chocolate summer to ride on boats and swim. This culture and history and how different croissant or go to a local store and buy lake had two islands, one of them had a these places are from the city of Munich. clothes. This place seemed to be com- monastery, a restaurant and lots of I enjoyed my time with my friends and I munity where everybody knows each house that either people lived in or rent- appreciated that they took time of their other. Lena’s family was very welcoming ed for the summer. In this monastery, busy schedule to welcome me into their and grateful to meet me; they prepared the priest and the nuns can have a lot of country. Ever since we graduated high dinner to welcoming me and made me reflection time since they are away from school we kept in touch and I believe we feel like home. I learned that Lena’s fam- the city. The other island was called Her- will continue develop our friendship. ily was very united and kind, I had the reninsel; there was a palace that king chance to get to know her mom and dad Ludwig I used to live in and there were a little bit. Lena’s mom is a social worker parts inside the palace that were not

Pictured is Sheryl giving our Munich tour guide, Jakob Braun, a University of Louisville decoration. Jakob attended the Kent School of Social Work and graduated in the early 1980s. In 1997, he was selected as an Alumni Fellow of the year for Kent School by the Board of Trustees at UofL. His son, Thomas, also graduated from UofL in 2000. Page 7 Discrimination in the United States vs. Germany by Luis Ardruz

As a Latino American in the United States it is difficult to walk anywhere in the country and not be looked at twice or have the look of confusion because you don’t belong. In Munich, Germany it was all the same and you can tell a similarity especially with refugees coming into the country. As I walked around the city of Munich there were several people who would give me weird looks as if they have never seen a Latin American. Fear is the feeling that many may encounter when they see a person they have never encountered before. As for Europe it is very difficult for many people from Latin America to come visit or even stay because of the expense and also the distance. It is hard to imagine that Europe as a whole can be discriminating when there are several countries that speak different languages, have different cultures and look completely different from one another. There are still areas in the world where people don’t have the opportunity to see other cultures or races around them. We are only educated and aware of the things and ideas that are pre- sented to us and are ignorant to everything else. When I went out to restaurants or different shopping centers there was always a look of curiosity that appeared on people’s fac- es. It always took me a moment to realize that many Germans in Munich have probably never seen a Latino male in their life, especially one with long hair. After the first couple days one could tell that seeing a foreigner from another country did not both- er the locals too much. I was just another person who was enjoying the scenery. In the United States it can be very difficult for someone who is not a local in a city to feel comfortable or safe walking around. In Germany you one could feel uncomfortable walking around and not knowing what people were saying, because of the language, but still feel like the environment is not harmful. After a few days’ people started recognizing you and seeing that it was a normal thing for me to walk around the city. During the evening it was important for me to see what kind of social Latin scenes there were so I could understand how Ger- mans would dance. After doing some research and attending a few studios it looked like there were people from different coun- tries that attended the class and social dancing afterwards. When you indulge yourself in the dancing community it is difficult to see any discrimination towards different groups of people. When people go out to Latin Dance they are there to make a connec- tion, dance and have fun. One of the things that I saw very similar From Germany to the United States was the friendliness to dance with people and learn about each other’s styles. When it comes to discrimination one must not be blind to the fact that it does not exist what so ever. There are always going to be people in the world who have not had the opportunity to open their eyes or view places they haven’t seen before and meet new people. It is difficult for someone to live in one spot, see the same people and never change locations and not be discrimina- tive towards those they don’t know or have never seen before. I believe it is important that students take trips like this to see a whole new world outside of the United States, experience a different language and culture so that we learn to not be ignorant towards people we have never seen before or not have learned about.

Pictured is Karlsplatz, one of the town squares in Central Munich Page 8 Kent School Goes to Germany Monastery of Benediktbeuern by Sarah Halk

Traveling by train about 40 miles south-south-west of Munich you will find one of the oldest and most important Benedic- tine monasteries in Bavaria. The monastery foundation was laid around 725 AD and founded by St. Boniface in 739 AD when he consecrated the church. In 955 AD the monastery was destroyed by the Magyars and rebuilt by St. Ulrich of Augsburg. By 1250 the monastery was colonized and library consisted of 250 handwritten documents that over history became the significant collection of literature from the Mid- dle Ages in Europe. When designing the layout of the proper- ty, the library was the furthest room away from the kitchen, for safety reasons for the written literature. The first major fire of the monastery was in 1490, then one in 1695 and the last one in 1979. While all three fires were major, the library was never touched, along with many other rooms of the monastery. After the 30 Year War ended the monastery was opened as a University of Theology and became a place of spiritual life, education and science. The opening of the Uni- versity led the pathways for what is now the University of Philosophy and Theology where students can follow the di- rection of Youth Pastoral or Environmental Ethics as well as Katholische Stiftungsfach-hochschule where students can pursue a Bachelor’s degree in Social Pedagogy or a Master’s degree in Social Work. The monastery has enjoyed many life times of prosperity and wealth. The elaborate agricultural, artwork, music, and the spiritual elements that have come from this historical venue are breathtaking and will leave you speechless. The history of this master piece goes much fur- ther and deeper then this article, but know, that in you are ever in Benediktbeuern, Bavaria this is a must see. Our tour of the monastery proved just that. Every little detail of every wall, floor, and ceiling tells a story. A story of the history of what this amazing piece of land and the people that have lived here have been through. As we walked the grounds that have a view of the mountain side, we visited the original li- brary, the place of worship, the dining hall, where the monks celebrate the life of those who have passed, and the stu- dents’ classrooms. Walking up and down the concrete stairs, which were worn out from the hundreds of monks whom have roamed the halls, left you wondering how a place could exist for so long? What would it be like to live a more simple life and take a step back from all the crazy hustle and bustle? Neither words nor pictures could do justice for the experience that is within the walls of the Monastery of Benediktbeuern. . Page 9 The Homeless of Germany by Cassidy Longton

Walking through the streets of Germany there are not the homeless you see on the streets of Louisville. You could even count on less than two hands those living outside in the entire two weeks we were there. Working in a home- less shelter with the men of Louisville’s streets, this came as a shock to me. I expected there to be more of a pres- ence around and in the train stations, or even on street corners. On our tour of Munich, we visited the Adolf Mathes Haus. The building being 110 years old, houses 60 homeless clients from the age of 18 to the age of 80. Clients live in single and double rooms, staying at the Adolf Mathes Haus for 18 to 24 months. The requirements to stay in the house are that you are homeless, you are a German citizen (EU and UK citizens are welcomed) and that you are unemployed, living in this specific house you must remain sober as well. The Adolf Mathes Haus’ social workers help to create a life to stability for the men they serve. These amazing men participate in a work therapy program where they choose a “craft” into which they learn. These men have the opportunities to work with ceramic, wood, metal or they can work in the kitchen or do janitorial duties. The men work with the program they choose for nine months, and then they can move onto another program. The work therapy program teaches these men a craft so when they integrate back into society on their own, they have a specialized trait to help them seek employment. When you look at the Louisville structure of homelessness, nothing like this program is offered. The city of Louisville has several shelters and works wonders with what it does have, but there is not type of therapy clients get to help them after they transition, if they ever get the opportunity to transition. Work therapy at the Adolf Mathes Haus gives these men a sense of success, higher self-esteem and a sense of individuality. During the tour the guide stated “homelessness is more than what’s visible, a home and a job are not enough.” Through work with their case managers the strengths based perspective is applied. Focusing on little successes the case managers use the strengths and skills the men have to build back up the belief they have lost in them- selves. The city of Louisville has homeless on the streets every night, not being able to fully accommodate everyone who needs shelter. With only 6 shelters with beds for over- night stays, there are close to 1600 that are need of those beds. The homeless in Ger- many are not seen as are those in Louisville. The Adolf Mathes Haus is just one in an organization on 20 separate buildings housing 60 per house. This is just one agency. Think if Louisville had the capabilities of just this one agency what an impact could be made on the community! Although change cannot be made in one day, change is needed. Stating we need a program like the Adolf Mathes Haus would just be a start. The homeless communities around the world need more support to integrate back into society. Programs set up with treatment and meaning would benefit everyone more and start the end- ing of homelessness. The Adolf Mathes Haus is just what Germany needs to help the integration process. Maybe one day every community will have something set up to those who need this process as well. Page 10 Kent School Goes to Germany Quiet Conversations as a Sign of Respect by Megan Roberson

Upon our arrival in Germany I assumed that throughout my time there I would begin to notice differences in the atmosphere and way of life of those residing in Munich compared to Louisville, Kentucky. What I didn’t expect was to experi- ence differences directly after walking off the airplane. Once we landed, our group walked to the baggage claim area where we were greeted by complete silence. Instead of the typical conversation and noise we experienced at the airport in Atlanta, Georgia during our layover, the Munich airport sounded more like a library. Since our group wasn’t accustomed to the expectations in regards to voice volume yet, the fact that we were American travelers became very obvi- ous. As we entered the more populated area and inner city of Munich the quiet environment continued. Throughout our two-week stay, the train stations, city hall, market places, and school campuses, all filled with hundreds of people, still remained peaceful. As we toured Munich on our second day, we took pictures of the city with our cell phones and I noticed that our group, along with other tourists, were the only people with their phones out. In Louisville, it’s an everyday occurrence, to be walking down the street, sitting at a restaurant, or walking on UofL’s campus and see people with their faces down, buried into their cell phones texting or checking social media. This was not the case in Munich. In the rare occasion that a cell phone was out, someone sitting alone on the train was using it, most likely listening to music with their headphones in. Sitting in crowded restaurants, people were always engaged in conversation with those around them, instead of those on the other side of a bright screen. Walking on the busy streets, you didn’t have to worry about someone running into you because they were too busy looking down at their phone. Our second night in Munich ended with a dinner with the German exchange students that previously came to Louisville. When a couple of us mentioned the lack of cell phone use we noticed in Munich, the students responded by saying that they know the older generations doesn’t like when they’re constantly on their phones, so they try to respect that. This seemed like such a common sense explanation for such a huge cultural difference between Munich and the U.S. After staying two weeks in Munich, it became very evident that the silence and lack of cell phone use were signs of respect. During this trip I learned that the people in this city take pride in investing their time in their environment, surroundings, and the people that they’re with. Things such as, genuine conversations over lunch at a café while sitting outside on a beautiful day and conversations that sound no louder than a whisper matter more than checking their phone notifications or talking loud enough that someone a table away could hear. This level of respect and value of taking time to appreciate what’s around you is something I personally gained from the exchange trip and hope to pass on to those around me. Page 11 A Visit to the Dachau Concentration Camp by Christin Lail

Dachau concentration camp was an experi- that this was in fact reality, there was no speech because these concentration ence that will never be forgotten. Often emotional barrier in the forms of profes- camps did not suddenly appear but began times we hear about the holocaust and we sors or books or someone pointing at the with words from a man who believed that think about how this was even possible, map telling us “this is where it hap- people were lesser than. Most importantly how could anyone let this go on? To actual- pened”… we were there, and this is where we must speak up, Niemoller wrote “First ly be where these horrific acts took place it happened. It’s hard to put in words the they came for the Socialists, and I did not makes it more real, it is no longer just pag- emotions that were felt that could fully cap- speak out—because I was not a Socialist. es that we read in history books and we ture the magnitude of this place. It was Then they came for the Trade Unionists, come to terms that as human beings we heartbreaking to read the names of all the and I did not speak out— because I was not were capable of this because we are wit- lives that were lost, I heard that to read a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the nessing it with our own eyes… the bunks every single name out loud of those that Jews, and I did not speak out— because I that resembled farm pens, the gas cham- died here would take almost 7 years. It was was not a Jew. Then they came for me—and bers that I walked through, the gate that a somber walk through history, but at- there was no one left to speak for me.” had the inscription “Work sets you free” tached with those are lessons. We must on it that the victims of Dachau read every never forget what had taken place and day not knowing what day would be their continue remembrance of the holocaust, last. How frightening even to do this day we must never forget the power of hate

“ First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak o u t— because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out — because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not s pe ak ou t — because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me — and there was no one left to speak for me. ” Page 12 Kent School Goes to Germany Happy International Women’s Day! by Courtney Gardner

th On March 8 , the University of Louis- higher than women, with women averag- seen differently through a global per- ville’s Kent School of Social Work had ing in 2013 15.55 euros and men at 19.84 spective. While abroad, UofL students the opportunity to spend International euros. had the opportunity to tour the city and Women’s Day abroad studying current In the presentation, we were educated to immerse themselves in a new culture. gender related topics, taught by Dr. Su- on 1 Billion Rising. According to the offi- With that, we were able to meet people sanne Nothhafft. cial website, www.onebillionrising.org, of various ethnicities who all told differ- What a special experience it was to “One Billion Rising is the biggest mass ent stories about why they were in Ger- spend International Women’s Day (IWD) action to end violence against women in many and how they ended up here. In Dr. in Munich, Germany. International human history” (2016). This call to action Notthafft’s presentation, she identified Women’s Day is, according to the official has been escalated to a call of revolution; specifically honor based violence, some- website, with sobering statistics, such as 1 in 3 thing that I knew little of, especially here www.internationalwomensday.com, is a women across the word will be raped or in the US. Honor based violence, while global day celebrating the social, eco- beaten in her lifetime (1 Billion Rising, still gender based, it is a term to describe nomic, cultural and political achieve- 2016). If you are a human being with a violence against an individual, usually ments of women. The day also marks a mother, sister, wife, girlfriend, etcetera, female, that has dishonored their family, call to action for accelerating gender women’s rights are your concern. Addi- which happens because their behaviors parity (2016). The goal of IWD 2016 was tionally, this organization, started in violate cultural or religious expectations. for people, both men and women, glob- 2012, has gathered people and agencies Dr. Notthafft identified that in 2012 there ally, to pledge aid in the advancement of throughout the world, including “millions are approximately 12 honor killings annu- achieving global gender parity. In 2014, of activists in over 200 countries” (1 Bil- ally in Germany and that most cases that it was estimated that the latter goal lion Rising, 2016). This campaign brings happen in the US are not reported. would be fully achieved in 2095; howev- global awareness of issues that are By going abroad, a person has the oppor- er, in 2015, this was reevaluated and it affecting women all over the world, in- tunity to learn more about the world, the would take nearly 40 years more (year cluding honor based violence, assault, communities, cultures, and people who 2133) before the gender gap is bridged coerced marriages, and any other gender make everything work. The University of (International Women’s Day, 2016). It is based injustice. The 1 Billion Rising cam- Louisville made this possible by creating to be noted that Germany excels in paign also strengthens communities and a trip that combines not only education, many things, beer, recycling, and public increases solidarity among survivors, but experience of social workers and cli- transportation are few among the many victims, and marginalized populations. ents, and students from 4,000 miles away of incredible differences between the Gender Based violence, while definitely willing to open their minds and hearts to two countries. Although they excel in prevalent in the United States, can be better themselves. some areas, there is still an incredible gender injustice in Germany, which can be blatantly Resources for International Women’s Day seen in wage ine- quality. According to Dr. Notthafft, International Women’s Day. (2016). IWD 2016 campaign theme #PledgeForParity. there is a signifi- Retrieved from: http://www.internationalwomensday.com/Theme cant difference in what women and men are paid for 1 Billion Rising. (2016). The 2016 campaign. the same position. Retrieved from: http://www.onebillionrising.org/about/campaign/ In 2014, men were paid 1/5 times Page 13 Germany Refugee Crisis by Hannah Touchton

The current refugee crisis is a topic that we con- sistently discuss in the news cycle. According to United Nations Higher Council of Refugees, there are 19.5 million refugees worldwide, 14.4 million are under the mandate of UNHCR (UNHCR, 2016). Germany is now the top Europe- an destination for people fleeing conflict, regis- tering 964,574 new asylum seekers in the first 11 months in 2015 (The Guardian, 2015). The Kent School’s International Policy Analysis class traveled to Bavaria, Germany and witnessed a brief glimpse of the crisis unfolding. One of our agency site visits was to the Bay- ernakaserne refugee camp in Munich. The camp was once a United States military base that has been bought by the local government, and rented to serve unaccompanied minor refugees and refugee families. During our visit we toured a small section of the camp that hosted its unaccompanied minors. The unaccompanied refugee minors entering Ger- many are primarily boys who have been sent by their families to find safety and work. Upon arrival into Bavaria, minors are regis- tered and taken to the Bayernkaserne refugee camp. The camp is a pilot project, the first of its kind. Therefore, the camp is im- proving its structure consistently. The camp had an influx of 190 unaccompanied refugee minors from April to November 2015. Bayernkaserne serves unaccompanied minors and families from Eritrea, Somalia, West Africa, Nigeria, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, Morocco. The majority of the minors being boys, however, girls who arrive are typically from Nigeria, Somalia, and Eritrea. During the stay at Bayernkaserne, the boys and girls attend school and live on campus. The new arrivals must learn Germany before attending the classroom, having German lessons from 9am-5pm Monday thru Friday. The boys and girls are in separate rooms, but remain on the same floor. There are seven rooms in each hall, two bunk beds in the room, holding up to four individuals. A total of fourteen in each hall with two hall parents. The refugees cross countless borders and water passages by boat and foot in order to reach refuge in a designated country. Only when the individuals reach the border of Germany do the refugees become aware of Bayernkaserne. During the arrival at the camp, new arrivals will meet staff to receive hygiene items. The individual will then be taken to the doctor, then back to the camp for an interview. If registering as an unaccompanied minor, the individual will meet with a staff for an age assessment. From the age assessment the staff can determine who can live with family and who cannot. Who is actually a minor, and who is not. After- ward the individual will have a needs assessment that can take from an hour to hour and a half. In the assessment the staff ask new arrivals about family, expectations, and where they see their selves. In order to be German cleared the new arrivals must go through an age assessment, a needs assessment, transfer, and ultimately self-sufficient. It can take up to eight months for Germa- ny to clear the new arrivals, which in turn the individuals will be transferred after several months, distributed throughout Germa- ny. Germany has taken an immense humanitarian step to bring in a large number of refugees. However, it will require a larger effort from the European Union by having more countries available for displaced persons to seek asylum. There needs to be a more global citizen effort to allow these human beings to seek safety until there is peace in the world. Page 14 Kent School Goes to Germany Right to Dignity: Harm Reduction Interventions in Germany by Jeremy Downs

“Human dignity shall be inviolable”—the Harm reduction, or the mitigation of risks to Germany. Question the morality of first article to appear within the German attributed to drug use, is likewise prac- drug testing to determine if one may not constitution. The article continues by ticed in the U.S. Opiate replacement like receive program treatment—Germany consigning the State as the sentinel for Methadone is one form of harm reduc- has. human dignity. Herein is the raison d'ê- tion. A Needle exchange program is an- Robust evidence supports the practice of tre of the Republic. other. Nonetheless, the current zeitgeist harm reduction. Recovery rates increase, The right to dignity may be interpreted concerning harm reduction within the the need for related medical attention is as the right to “quality of life”. Undoubt- U.S. is resistance and suspicion. That minimized. Resources for disease preven- edly Germany (or any nation) recognizes which Germany views as dutiful practice, tion and therapy become accessible. Thus, quality of life remains with the that personal decisions—such as drug the U.S. largely deems “enablement”. afflicted. Article I is upheld by the Repub- use—affect one’s quality of life. States To illustrate these stark differences in lic. Is it in our hearts, the people of the cannot protect individuals from free will. weltanschauung imagine: a medical clinic United States, to vouchsafe dignity and However, the Republic safeguards digni- in Kentucky that supervises intravenous justice for all? ty against public health concerns via drug use—as Germany provides. Picture harm reduction. Mind that there is a loss the redundancy of municipal statutes of dignity with addiction. Shame from allowing needle exchange programs, for

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e v i t Tugon Newsletter by Kristen and edited created We had a great experience in Germany! A special thanks to Dr. Peter Lenninger alongSocialwith faculty the Work and students from Katholische StiftungsfachhochschuleMünchen, University Sciences of Applied (KSFH) for your hospitality and also leader,ourfearless to Dr. Tom Lawson. We wantalso thank of to the staffthe gracious Clinic and Palli- a Therapie Zentrum, FLÜB&S, theBayernkaserne, Adolf Haus, and Familienzentrum Neuperlach for taking the time to show aroundus yourorganizations. Additional Acknowledgementsthe the of to staff 4You Hostel and Hotel and Munich Bartender. the Alex

Louisville, Kentucky 40292 Louisville, Oppenheimer Hall Oppenheimer ThirdStreetS. 2217 of Louisville University University of Louisville Work Social of KentSchool