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Chorioactidaceae: a New Family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with Four Genera

mycological research 112 (2008) 513–527 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Chorioactidaceae: a new family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with four genera Donald H. PFISTER*, Caroline SLATER, Karen HANSENy Harvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphological studies provide evidence for the Received 15 June 2007 recognition of a new family, Chorioactidaceae, in the Pezizales. Four genera are placed in Received in revised form the family: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolﬁna. Based on parsimony, like- 1 November 2007 lihood, and Bayesian analyses of LSU, SSU, and RPB2 sequence data, Chorioactidaceae repre- Accepted 29 November 2007 sents a sister clade to the Sarcosomataceae, to which some of these taxa were previously Corresponding Editor: referred. Morphologically these genera are similar in pigmentation, excipular construction, H. Thorsten Lumbsch and asci, which mostly have terminal opercula and rounded, sometimes forked, bases without croziers. Ascospores have cyanophilic walls or cyanophilic surface ornamentation Keywords: in the form of ridges or warts. So far as is known the ascospores and the cells of the LSU paraphyses of all species are multinucleate. The six species recognized in these four genera RPB2 all have limited geographical distributions in the northern hemisphere. Sarcoscyphaceae ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Sarcosomataceae SSU Introduction indicated a relationship of these taxa to the Sarcosomataceae and discussed the group as the Chorioactis clade. Only six spe- The Pezizales, operculate cup-fungi, have been put on rela- cies are assigned to these genera, most of which are infre- tively stable phylogenetic footing as summarized by Hansen quently collected.
How Many Fungi Make Sclerotia?

fungal ecology xxx (2014) 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Short Communication How many fungi make sclerotia? Matthew E. SMITHa,*, Terry W. HENKELb, Jeffrey A. ROLLINSa aUniversity of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA bHumboldt State University of Florida, Department of Biological Sciences, Arcata, CA 95521, USA article info abstract Article history: Most fungi produce some type of durable microscopic structure such as a spore that is Received 25 April 2014 important for dispersal and/or survival under adverse conditions, but many species also Revision received 23 July 2014 produce dense aggregations of tissue called sclerotia. These structures help fungi to survive Accepted 28 July 2014 challenging conditions such as freezing, desiccation, microbial attack, or the absence of a Available online - host. During studies of hypogeous fungi we encountered morphologically distinct sclerotia Corresponding editor: in nature that were not linked with a known fungus. These observations suggested that Dr. Jean Lodge many unrelated fungi with diverse trophic modes may form sclerotia, but that these structures have been overlooked. To identify the phylogenetic afﬁliations and trophic Keywords: modes of sclerotium-forming fungi, we conducted a literature review and sequenced DNA Chemical defense from fresh sclerotium collections. We found that sclerotium-forming fungi are ecologically Ectomycorrhizal diverse and phylogenetically dispersed among 85 genera in 20 orders of Dikarya, suggesting Plant pathogens that the ability to form sclerotia probably evolved 14 different times in fungi. Saprotrophic ª 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Sclerotium Fungi are among the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes with features such as a hyphal thallus, non-ﬂagellated cells, and an estimated 5.1 million species (Blackwell, 2011).
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science

MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
Kumanasamuha Geaster Sp. Nov., an Anamorph of Chorioactis Geaster from Japan

Mycologia, 101(6), 2009, pp. 871–877. DOI: 10.3852/08-121 # 2009 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Kumanasamuha geaster sp. nov., an anamorph of Chorioactis geaster from Japan H. Nagao1,2 sequences and morphology. The combination of the Genebank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, three datasets produced similar or stronger support Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan for this lineage. A new family, Chorioactidaceae, was S. Kurogi erected in the Pezizales (Pfister et al 2008) to Miyazaki Prefectural Museum of Nature and History, accommodate Chorioactis and three other genera, Miyazaki 880-0053, Japan Desmazierella, Neournula and Wolfina. Chorioactis geaster has been found in evergreen E. Kiyota broadleaf forests in Kyusyu, Japan (Imazeki 1938, Kyusyu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka Imazeki and Otani 1975, Kurogi et al 2002). However 882-8508, Japan these forests are now disappearing due to deforesta- K. Sasatomi tion and replanting with Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Kyusyu Environmental Evaluation Association, and construction of a dam. Chorioactis geaster has Fukuoka 813-0004, Japan been listed as a threatened fungus in the Red Data Book of Japan (2000) because of its global rarity. The occurrence of C. geaster was infrequent (Imazeki Abstract: A new species of Kumanasamuha is de- 1938, Imazeki and Otani 1975) and asexual sporula- scribed and illustrated from axenic single-spore tion of C. geaster was not observed (Imazeki and Otani isolates of Chorioactis geaster. The characteristics of 1975). We have made some observations on the life conidia and hyphae are the same as the dematiaceous cycle of C. geaster and are trying to find ways to hyphomycete observed on decayed trunks of Quercus conserve this endangered fungus (Kurogi et al 2002).
Mycology.1..Chapter 1 .. Page1

PCR Applications in Fungal 7 Phylogeny S. Takamatsu Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514, Japan 7.1 Introduction Historically, the phylogeny of fungi has been inferred from various phenotypic characters, e.g. morphological, physiological and developmental characters, and/or chemical components such as secondary metabolites. The recent development of molecular techniques has enabled the derivation of fungal phylogenies based on the analyses of proteins or nucleic acids, e.g. isozyme analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, electrophoretic karyo- typing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and DNA sequencing. However, these molecular techniques have been difficult to apply to obligate parasites from which only small amounts of fungal materials are available, or to rare taxa which are available only as herbarium specimens. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) developed in the mid 1980s (Saiki et al., 1985; Mullis et al., 1986; Mullis and Faloona, 1987) made possible the amplification of particular nucleotide sequences from very small amounts of starting materials. In addition, relatively impure DNA extracts can be used for PCR. PCR-based techniques have enabled the construction of molecular phylogenies for obligate parasites and rare taxa, and as PCR techniques have led to simplified molecular procedures, they have also increased the availability of phylogenetic studies for many fungi. This chapter reviews some of the recent advances that have been made through the application of PCR methods to phylogenetic studies of fungi. © CAB INTERNATIONAL 1998. Applications of PCR in Mycology (eds P.D. Bridge, D.K. Arora, C.A. Reddy and R.P. Elander) 125 126 S. Takamatsu 7.2 Sequence Analysis from Small Samples 7.2.1 DNA extraction A number of methods have been developed for the rapid isolation of fungal DNA (Biel and Parrish, 1986; Zolan and Pukkila, 1986; Taylor and Natvig, 1987; Lee et al., 1988; Moller ¨ et al., 1992).
Sarcoscypha Austriaca (O

© Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll [email protected] Condiciones de uso Sarcoscypha austriaca (O. Beck ex Sacc.) Boud., (1907) COROLOGíA Registro/Herbario Fecha Lugar Hábitat MAR-0704007 48 07/04/2007 Gradátila, Nava (Asturias) Sobre madera descompuesta no Leg.: Miguel Á. Ribes 241 m 30T TP9601 identificada, entre musgo Det.: Miguel Á. Ribes TAXONOMíA • Basiónimo: Peziza austriaca Beck 1884 • Posición en la clasificación: Sarcoscyphaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi • Sinónimos: o Lachnea austriaca (Beck) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 169 (1889) o Molliardiomyces coccineus Paden [as 'coccinea'], Can. J. Bot. 62(3): 212 (1984) DESCRIPCIÓN MACRO Apotecios profundamente cupuliformes de hasta 5 cm de diámetro. Himenio liso de color rojo intenso, casi escarlata. Excípulo blanquecino en ejemplares jóvenes, luego rosado y finalmente parduzco, velloso. Margen blanco, excedente y velutino. Pie muy desarrollado, incluso de mayor longitud que el diámetro del sombrero, blanquecino, tenaz y atenuado hacia la base. Sarcoscypha austriaca 070407 48 Página 1 de 5 DESCRIPCIÓN MICRO 1. Ascas octospóricas, monoseriadas, no amiloides Sarcoscypha austriaca 070407 48 Página 2 de 5 2. Esporas elipsoidales, truncadas en los polos, con numerosas gútulas de tamaño medio y normalmente agrupadas en los extremos, a veces con pequeños apéndices gelatinosos en los polos (sólo en material vivo). En apotecios viejos las esporas germinan por medio de 1-4 conidióforos formando conidios elipsoidales multigutulados Medidas esporas (400x, material fresco) 25.4 [29.8 ; 32.5] 36.9 x 10.8 [13 ; 14.3] 16.5 Q = 1.6 [2.1 ; 2.5] 3.1 ; N = 19 ; C = 95% Me = 31.15 x 13.63 ; Qe = 2.32 3.
Contribution to the Study of Neotropical Discomycetes: a New Species of the Genus Geodina (Geodina Salmonicolor Sp

Mycosphere 9(2): 169–177 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/1 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Contribution to the study of neotropical discomycetes: a new species of the genus Geodina (Geodina salmonicolor sp. nov.) from the Dominican Republic Angelini C1,2, Medardi G3, Alvarado P4 1 Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana 2 Via Cappuccini 78/8, 33170 (Pordenone) 3 Via Giuseppe Mazzini 21, I-25086 Rezzato (Brescia) 4 ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, E-39012 Santander, Spain Angelini C, Medardi G, Alvarado P 2018 - Contribution to the study of neotropical discomycetes: a new species of the genus Geodina (Geodina salmonicolor sp. nov.) from the Dominican Republic. Mycosphere 9(2), 169–177, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/1 Abstract Geodina salmonicolor sp. nov., a new neotropical / equatorial discomycetes of the genus Geodina, is here described and illustrated. The discovery of this new entity allowed us to propose another species of Geodina, until now a monospecific genus, and produce the first 28S rDNA genetic data, which supports this species is related to genus Wynnea in the Sarcoscyphaceae. Key-words – 1 new species – Ascomycota – Sarcoscyphaceae – Sub-tropical zone Caribbeans – Taxonomy Introduction A study started more than 10 years ago in the area of Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) by one of the authors allowed us to identify several interesting fungal species, both Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Angelini & Medardi (2012) published a first report of ascomycetes in which 12 lignicolous species including discomycetes and pyrenomycetes were described and illustrated in detail, also delineating the physical and botanical characteristics of the research area.
Strumella Canker

Forest Health Protection, Southern Region STRUMELLA CANKER, caused by Strumella coryneoidea Importance. - Strumella canker is less common in the southern Appalachians than in the Northeast. Its most common hosts are members of the white oak group; however, beech, basswood, blackgum, and shagbark hickory are occasionally affected. Identifying the Fungus. - The fungus produces dark brown, cushion-like structures,about 1/20 to 1/10 inches (1to3mm) in diameter, on dead bark and surrounding tissue. Urnula craterium has been described as the perfect or sexual stage of the fungus causing strumella canker. The urnula fruiting body is cup-shaped and grows on infected branches and stems that have fallen to the ground. Identifying the Injury. - Strumella cankers are of two types; diffuse and the more common target shape. Diffuse cankers develop on smooth-barked saplings and rapidly girdle and kill the trees. Targetshaped cankers are more common and are formed by the alternation of cambium killed by the fungus around the canker perimeter and then the formation of a callus ridge by the host. Cankers can reach several feet in length. Oak killed by strumella canker. Biology. - As with many canker diseases, the fungus usually enters the tree through a branch stub. The remnants of this stub can be seen at the canker center. Frequently, diseased trees bear multiple cankers. Control. - There is no control for this disease under forest conditions. However, cankered trees should be removed during sanitation or commercial thinning operations. Severely diseased trees in recreation areas should be removed for safety..
MYCOTAXON Volume 89(2), Pp

MYCOTAXON Volume 89(2), pp. 277-281 April-June 2004 A note on some morphological features of Chorioactis geaster (Pezizales, Ascomycota) DONALD H. PFISTER dpfi[email protected] Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Shuichi Kur ogi Miyazaki Museum, 2-4-4 Jingu, Miyazaki City 7880-0053, Japan Abstract–A study of Chorioactis geaster (Sarcosomataceae) has shown the presence of several unreported or unconfirmed characters for this unusual and rare operculate discomycete. The ascospores are ornamented, they mature more or less simultaneously in all asci of a single ascoma, and asci have a thin hyphal base. The species is compared with species of the genera Cookeina and Microstoma (Sarcoscyphaceae) that also have this character. SEM shows open asci have a two-layered opercular region confirming TEM reports of differentiated wall layering in this region of the ascus. These features are discussed and the isolated systematic position of Chorioactis suggested by previous studies is confirmed. Key words–Ascus morphology, ascospore maturation, spore ornamentation Introduction Recently we showed that Chorioactis geaster (Peck) Kupfer ex Eckblad populations in Japan and North America represent distinct but closely related lineages. Molecular clock estimates suggest that they have probably been separate for at least 19 million years (Peterson et al. 2004). In the course of that study we examined a number of collections and determined that morphologically we could not distinguish the North American and Japanese collections. Our detailed studies, however, uncovered morphological features of the species that had not been noted previously. These observations are reported here.
ASCOSPORES DE L' URNULA HELVELLOIDES DONADINI, BERTHET Et ASTIER ET LES CONCEPTS D'asque SUBOPERCULÉ ET DE SARCOSOMATACEAE(L)

Cryptogamie, Mycol. 1990, Il (3): 203-238 203 L'ÉTUDE ULTRASTRUCTURALE DES ASQUES ET DES ASCOSPORES DE L' URNULA HELVELLOIDES DONADINI, BERTHET et ASTIER ET LES CONCEPTS D'ASQUE SUBOPERCULÉ ET DE SARCOSOMATACEAE(l) A. BELLEMÈRE*, M.C. MALHERBE*, H. CHACUN* et L.M. MELÉNDEZ-HOWELL** * Laboratoire de Mycologie, ENS Lyon, Services de Saint-Cloud, F-92211 Saint-Cloud Cedex, France. ** CNRS. Laboratoire de Cryptogamie d.u MuséMm d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. RÉSUMÉ - Le sub-opercule (ou sous-opercule) de l'asque est considéré ici comme la partie périoperculaire d'une différenciation persistante qui, dans la couche d, épaissie, de la paroi apicale de l'asque, affecte la sous-couche d2. Les genres de Pézizales à asques suboperculés rangés jusqu'ici dans la famille des Sarcosomataceae (sensu Kobayasi) sont placés dans la famille des Sarcoscyphaceae Le Gal ex Eckblad, amendée en ce sens, et conservée dans les Pézizales. Les asques du genre type de la famille des Sarcosomataceae, Sarcosoma, ainsi que ceux des genres Urnula et Plectania ne sont pas suboperculés car l'épaisissement apical de la couche d de leur paroi n'est pas subdivisé en deux sous-couches. La définition de cette famille doit donc aussi être amendée. L' Urnula helvelloides Donadini, Berthet et Astier a des asques operculés, dont, à l'apex, la couche d est non seulement épaissie mais subdivisée en deux sous-couches dl et d 2, comme chez le genre Plectania, dont il diffère cependant par ailleurs. Il est donc placé dans le genre nouveau Donadinia Bellemère et Meléndez-Howell.
9B Taxonomy to Genus

Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella
(With (Otidiaceae). Annellospores, The

PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 6, 4, pp. 405-414 (1972) Imperfect states and the taxonomy of the Pezizales J.W. Paden Department of Biology, University of Victoria Victoria, B. C., Canada (With Plates 20-22) Certainly only a relatively few species of the Pezizales have been studied in culture. I that this will efforts in this direction. hope paper stimulatemore A few patterns are emerging from those species that have been cultured and have produced conidia but more information is needed. Botryoblasto- and found in cultures of spores ( Oedocephalum Ostracoderma) are frequently Peziza and Iodophanus (Pezizaceae). Aleurospores are known in Peziza but also in other like known in genera. Botrytis- imperfect states are Trichophaea (Otidiaceae). Sympodulosporous imperfect states are known in several families (Sarcoscyphaceae, Sarcosomataceae, Aleuriaceae, Morchellaceae) embracing both suborders. Conoplea is definitely tied in with Urnula and Plectania, Nodulosporium with Geopyxis, and Costantinella with Morchella. Certain types of conidia are not presently known in the Pezizales. Phialo- and few other have spores, porospores, annellospores, blastospores a types not been reported. The absence of phialospores is of special interest since these are common in the Helotiales. The absence of conidia in certain e. Helvellaceae and Theleboleaceae also be of groups, g. may significance, and would aid in delimiting these taxa. At the species level critical com- of taxonomic and parison imperfect states may help clarify problems supplement other data in distinguishing between closely related species. Plectania and of where such Peziza, perhaps Sarcoscypha are examples genera studies valuable. might prove One of the Pezizales in need of in culture large group desparate study are the few of these have been cultured.