Spore Prints

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Spore Prints SPORE PRINTS BULLETIN OF THE PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 469 February 2011 SURVIVORS’ BANQUET Patrice Benson & Milt Tam toxic mushrooms, and mushrooms as a hobby (cooking, arts and crafts, etc.). The Intermediate series focuses on identification skills Our Survivors’ Banquet and Annual and the commonly found mushrooms in the PNW. The room holds Business Meeting will be held on 40, so the classes are limited to that number for each series. Please Saturday, March 19, at the Center for bring mushrooms if possible to all classes. Urban Horticulture. Appetizers and beverages start at 6:30 pm and dinner The beginner series are repeats of the previous series. Class sizes at 7:30 pm, with the the meeting con- are limited to 40, so we have multiple offerings of the same series. cluding at 9:30 pm. Our new officers, A series is four classes given on consecutive weeks. board members, and Golden Mush- You may register for any series by following the directions below. room recipient will be presented at that time. Our theme will be Please include your name, phone number, and e-mail address “Celebrating Scandinavia!” We are asking people to bring potluck with your class registration check. These classes are a benefit of items that feature foods that are typical of Norway, Sweden, and membership, so please join PSMS to participate. Denmark. We will have several raffle baskets on which you may bid, with the proceeds benefiting the Ben Woo Scholarship Fund. Location: The classes are being held in the Douglas classroom at We will also have door prizes, and those who register ahead of the Center for Urban Horticulture. time will get an extra ticket for the door prizes! The extra tickets Cost: The cost for each series of four classes is $40, and the classes will be given out the evening of the banquet. are available to members only. PSMS member Sara Nelson, who works at the Fremont Brewing To register for a class series: Make checks payable to PSMS for Company, has generously offered to donate a keg of beer from the Brewery for the occasion. Thank you, Sara! And, yes…we will $40 and send to: have a banquet permit for the evening so that you can BYO. Patrice Benson The cost will be $5 per person. This will cover incidentals as 3818 Cascadia Ave. S well as give us an idea of how many people will be attending. Seattle, WA 98118 We will not turn anyone away at the door, but only those who To become a PSMS member: Download and fill out the member- register ahead of time will be guaranteed to have a seat. Last year ship form at http://www.psms.org/join.html and send it, along with it was difficult to find seating for people who decided to come at your check, to the address on the form. the last minute. The cost of membership is $30 per year for singles or families; You can pay at the Membership table at $20 for students. Please do not send membership checks with the February meeting or you can send your class registration. your check payable to PSMS to Andrea Rose, 5819 SW Horton, Seattle, WA Questions? e-mail [email protected] or call Patrice Benson 98116. If you have questions you can at 206–819–4842. call her at 206-933-0838. We look forward to seeing you there! Will we have fun? Ya sure, you bet- YARSA GUMBA MURDER TRIAL Joanna Jolly cha! BBC News, Kathmandu, Jan. 4, 2011 The people of a remote Himalayan village in Nepal are awaiting the verdict of a murder trial over a rare, highly prized fungus, LEARN MORE ABOUT MUSHROOMS Cordyceps sinensis, known locally as yarsa gumba. For the past Patrice Benson 500 years, yarsa gumba has been prized as an aphrodisiac by the An additional Beginning Mushroom Identification Class has Chinese and sells for thousands of US dollars per kilo, making it been added to our spring mushroom class schedule. The dates the most valuable commodity in this remote region. are Thursdays, April 7, April 14, April 21, and April 28, 2011, In June 2009, a group of 36 men from the village of Nar are ac- from 7–9 pm in the Douglas classroom of UW Center for Urban cused of killing seven people who had come from outside the area Horticulture. to collect yarsa gumba. There is still space in our Intermediate Mushroom Identification Because most of the men from the village are in jail, there is no class, which will be held Thursdays, March 10, March 17, March one left behind to work. “Our land is barren now,” says the sister 24, and March 31 from 7–9 pm. of one of the jailed men. “There is no one to plough the fields.” The beginner series covers basics of mushroom hunting, identifi- A verdict in the case of the yarsa gumba murders is expected in cation, common mushrooms of the PNW, mushroom toxins and February. page 1 MEMBERSHIP MEETING Tuesday, February 8, 2011, at 7:30 pm at the Center for Urban Spore Prints Horticulture, 3501 NE 41st Street, Seattle. is published monthly, September through June by the The first speaker for February is our very PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY own PSMS member Daniel Winkler. Center for Urban Horticulture, Box 354115 Although Daniel has previously shared University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (206) 522-6031 http://www.psms.org tales of his journeys to far-flung places User name: Password: with us, he will speak this time on a more local subject: “Edible mushrooms of the OFFICERS: Marian Maxwell, President2010–2012 Pacific Northwest and Their Not-So-Ed- 2009–2011 Milton Tam, Vice President ible Look-Alikes.” Come see Daniel and Daniel Winkler John Goldman, Treasurer2010–2012 Denise Banaszewski, Secretary2009–2011 prepare to be entertained, fascinated, and educated! TRUSTEES: 2009–2011: Daniel grew up in Munich, Germany, and started hunting mush- Brenda Fong, Debra Lehrberger, rooms as soon as he could keep up with his family in the forests. Randy Richardson, Jennifer Slack, He has studied geography, botany, and ecology in order to work Kim Traverse on environmental issues in the Himalayas and Tibet, where he 2010–2012: has researched and consulted for 20 years. As part of his research Louise Asif, Jim Hughes, Daniel has focused on medicinal and edible mushrooms in Tibet. Pacita Roberts, Ed Sakai, Tony Tschanz Daniel moved to Seattle and joined PSMS in 1996, which took Patrice Benson (Immed. Past Pres.) his love for mushrooms to a whole new level. He is an expert on wild edible mushrooms on three continents and organizes exotic ALTERNATES: Ruth Buttler-Rhese, Sharon Chappell mushroom tours, venturing into new and old habitats and cultures SCI. ADVISOR: Dr. Joseph F. Ammirati to feed his curiosity and his family (see: www.MushRoaming. EDITOR: Agnes A. Sieger, 271 Harmony Lane, com). Along the way he captures photographic images and gath- Port Angeles, WA 98362 ers stories to share. He is a popular lecturer at mushroom forays [email protected] and gatherings. Annual dues $30; full-time students $20 Sharing the microphone will be Kelly Chadwick, who will read from an anthology of fungal-inspired poetry called Decomposition, which CALENDAR he co-edited with Renée Roehl. This text—apparently the first of its Feb. 8 Membership Meeting, 7:30 pm, CUH kind—explores a broad spectrum of Feb. 16 Board Meeting, 7:30 pm, CUH (changed) Kelly Chadwick and Renée human responses to the kingdom of Roehl fungi, from dry-analytic to campy, Feb. 22 Spore Prints Deadline and promises to be “humorous, authentic, and intelligent.” Kelly Mar. 12 Ballot reception deadline has studied mushrooms on and off for 20 years during which time they’ve frequented his dreams and drawn him into the woods. Mar. 19 Survivors’ Banquet and Annual Meeting, 7:30 pm, He is a fine-wine manager for a beverage distributor and lives in CUH Spokane with Renée. BOARD NEWS Marian Maxwell Would members with last names beginning with the letters A–K, please bring a plate of refreshments to enjoy after the meeting. We are pleased to announce that we are funding a grant request from our own Josh Birkebak for $1,945 which was requested to enable him to work on Clavariaceae in the Pacific Northwest. BACTERIA AND FUNGI KEEP SOME ANCIENT Progress is continuing on issues concerning the new website. AUSTRALIAN ROCK ART COLORS VIVID Carlos Cruz, chair of he new Vouchering Project, summarized Lin Edwards the committee’s goals and steps that need to be taken to begin PhysOrg.com, Jan. 6, 2011 the process of scientific vouchering. A deposit has been made to reserve The Mountaineers’ facility at Sandpoint for the annual fall New studies of 80 Bradshaw rock art works in the Kimberley mushroom show. It was decided to have a potluck this year for region of Western Australia have shown their colors have not the banquet; a nominal charge of $5 per person was decided upon faded because the artworks are coated with a biofilm of bacteria to encourage an early response to get a head count. We will be and fungi. printing some T-shirts to have for sale in the coming months. We The Bradshaw art works are named after Joseph Bradshaw, a will establish a business “face” on Facebook for announcements 19th century pastoralist who was the first white settler to discover only. We will not enable the comments from the public, since we them. They are known locally as Gwion Gwion. The paintings are have this option on the Yahoo group lists.
Recommended publications
  • Museum, University of Bergen, Norway for Accepting The
    PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 6, 4, pp. 439-443 (1972) The Suboperculate ascus—a review Finn-Egil Eckblad Botanical Museum, University of Bergen, Norway The suboperculate nature of the asci of the Sarcoscyphaceae is discussed, that it does in its and further and it is concluded not exist original sense, that the Sarcoscyphaceae is not closely related to the Sclerotiniaceae. The question of the precise nature ofthe ascus in the Sarcoscyphaceae is important in connection with the of the the The treatment taxonomy of Discomycetes. family has been established the Sarcoscyphaceae as a highranking taxon, Suboperculati, by Le Gal (1946b, 1999), on the basis of its asci being suboperculate. Furthermore, the Suboperculati has beenregarded as intermediatebetween the rest of the Operculati, The Pezizales, and the Inoperculati, especially the order Helotiales, and its family Sclerotiniaceae (Le Gal, 1993). Recent views on the taxonomie position of the Sarcoscyphaceae are given by Rifai ( 1968 ), Eckblad ( ig68 ), Arpin (ig68 ), Kim- brough (1970) and Korf (igyi). The Suboperculati were regarded by Le Gal (1946a, b) as intermediates because had both the beneath they operculum of the Operculati, and in addition, it, some- ofthe of the In the the thing pore structure Inoperculati. Suboperculati pore struc- to ture is said take the form of an apical chamberwith an internal, often incomplete within Note this ring-like structure it. that in case the spores on discharge have to travers a double hindrance, the internal ring and the circular opening, and that the diameters of these obstacles are both smaller than the smallest diameterof the spores.
    [Show full text]
  • Chorioactidaceae: a New Family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with Four Genera
    mycological research 112 (2008) 513–527 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Chorioactidaceae: a new family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with four genera Donald H. PFISTER*, Caroline SLATER, Karen HANSENy Harvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphological studies provide evidence for the Received 15 June 2007 recognition of a new family, Chorioactidaceae, in the Pezizales. Four genera are placed in Received in revised form the family: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolfina. Based on parsimony, like- 1 November 2007 lihood, and Bayesian analyses of LSU, SSU, and RPB2 sequence data, Chorioactidaceae repre- Accepted 29 November 2007 sents a sister clade to the Sarcosomataceae, to which some of these taxa were previously Corresponding Editor: referred. Morphologically these genera are similar in pigmentation, excipular construction, H. Thorsten Lumbsch and asci, which mostly have terminal opercula and rounded, sometimes forked, bases without croziers. Ascospores have cyanophilic walls or cyanophilic surface ornamentation Keywords: in the form of ridges or warts. So far as is known the ascospores and the cells of the LSU paraphyses of all species are multinucleate. The six species recognized in these four genera RPB2 all have limited geographical distributions in the northern hemisphere. Sarcoscyphaceae ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Sarcosomataceae SSU Introduction indicated a relationship of these taxa to the Sarcosomataceae and discussed the group as the Chorioactis clade. Only six spe- The Pezizales, operculate cup-fungi, have been put on rela- cies are assigned to these genera, most of which are infre- tively stable phylogenetic footing as summarized by Hansen quently collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix K. Survey and Manage Species Persistence Evaluation
    Appendix K. Survey and Manage Species Persistence Evaluation Establishment of the 95-foot wide construction corridor and TEWAs would likely remove individuals of H. caeruleus and modify microclimate conditions around individuals that are not removed. The removal of forests and host trees and disturbance to soil could negatively affect H. caeruleus in adjacent areas by removing its habitat, disturbing the roots of host trees, and affecting its mycorrhizal association with the trees, potentially affecting site persistence. Restored portions of the corridor and TEWAs would be dominated by early seral vegetation for approximately 30 years, which would result in long-term changes to habitat conditions. A 30-foot wide portion of the corridor would be maintained in low-growing vegetation for pipeline maintenance and would not provide habitat for the species during the life of the project. Hygrophorus caeruleus is not likely to persist at one of the sites in the project area because of the extent of impacts and the proximity of the recorded observation to the corridor. Hygrophorus caeruleus is likely to persist at the remaining three sites in the project area (MP 168.8 and MP 172.4 (north), and MP 172.5-172.7) because the majority of observations within the sites are more than 90 feet from the corridor, where direct effects are not anticipated and indirect effects are unlikely. The site at MP 168.8 is in a forested area on an east-facing slope, and a paved road occurs through the southeast part of the site. Four out of five observations are more than 90 feet southwest of the corridor and are not likely to be directly or indirectly affected by the PCGP Project based on the distance from the corridor, extent of forests surrounding the observations, and proximity to an existing open corridor (the road), indicating the species is likely resilient to edge- related effects at the site.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi at the Field Station John W
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Field Station Bulletins UWM Field Station Fall 1970 Fungi at the Field Station John W. Baxter University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/fieldstation_bulletins Part of the Forest Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Baxter, J.W. 1970. Fungi at the Field Station. Field Station Bulletin 3(2): 9-11. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Field Station Bulletins by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 9 LITERATURE CITED Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's Manual ofBotany, Ed. 8. American Book Company, New York. Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora ofthe North­ eastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 2. Lancaster Press, Lancaster, Pa. Hunter, Joan. 1970. Holly. The Living Museum 31 (8):158-160 (A publication of the lllinois State Museum, Springfield, lllinois). USDA. 1967. Growing Hollies. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 130. U.S. Govern­ ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. FUNGI AT THE FIELD STATION The UWM Field Station now has a mycological reference collection, for use in identifying fungi of the area. Botanists and zoologists doing research at the Field Station will find the collection useful. It can also be used by visiting groups who have some interest in identifying the more conspicuous fungi that are likely to be seen during a tour of the area. In spite of the dry summer, 1970 proved to be a good year for collecting fungi in southeast Wisconsin.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycology.1..Chapter 1 .. Page1
    PCR Applications in Fungal 7 Phylogeny S. Takamatsu Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514, Japan 7.1 Introduction Historically, the phylogeny of fungi has been inferred from various phenotypic characters, e.g. morphological, physiological and developmental characters, and/or chemical components such as secondary metabolites. The recent development of molecular techniques has enabled the derivation of fungal phylogenies based on the analyses of proteins or nucleic acids, e.g. isozyme analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, electrophoretic karyo- typing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and DNA sequencing. However, these molecular techniques have been difficult to apply to obligate parasites from which only small amounts of fungal materials are available, or to rare taxa which are available only as herbarium specimens. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) developed in the mid 1980s (Saiki et al., 1985; Mullis et al., 1986; Mullis and Faloona, 1987) made possible the amplification of particular nucleotide sequences from very small amounts of starting materials. In addition, relatively impure DNA extracts can be used for PCR. PCR-based techniques have enabled the construction of molecular phylogenies for obligate parasites and rare taxa, and as PCR techniques have led to simplified molecular procedures, they have also increased the availability of phylogenetic studies for many fungi. This chapter reviews some of the recent advances that have been made through the application of PCR methods to phylogenetic studies of fungi. © CAB INTERNATIONAL 1998. Applications of PCR in Mycology (eds P.D. Bridge, D.K. Arora, C.A. Reddy and R.P. Elander) 125 126 S. Takamatsu 7.2 Sequence Analysis from Small Samples 7.2.1 DNA extraction A number of methods have been developed for the rapid isolation of fungal DNA (Biel and Parrish, 1986; Zolan and Pukkila, 1986; Taylor and Natvig, 1987; Lee et al., 1988; Moller ¨ et al., 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Sarcoscypha Austriaca (O
    © Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll [email protected] Condiciones de uso Sarcoscypha austriaca (O. Beck ex Sacc.) Boud., (1907) COROLOGíA Registro/Herbario Fecha Lugar Hábitat MAR-0704007 48 07/04/2007 Gradátila, Nava (Asturias) Sobre madera descompuesta no Leg.: Miguel Á. Ribes 241 m 30T TP9601 identificada, entre musgo Det.: Miguel Á. Ribes TAXONOMíA • Basiónimo: Peziza austriaca Beck 1884 • Posición en la clasificación: Sarcoscyphaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi • Sinónimos: o Lachnea austriaca (Beck) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 169 (1889) o Molliardiomyces coccineus Paden [as 'coccinea'], Can. J. Bot. 62(3): 212 (1984) DESCRIPCIÓN MACRO Apotecios profundamente cupuliformes de hasta 5 cm de diámetro. Himenio liso de color rojo intenso, casi escarlata. Excípulo blanquecino en ejemplares jóvenes, luego rosado y finalmente parduzco, velloso. Margen blanco, excedente y velutino. Pie muy desarrollado, incluso de mayor longitud que el diámetro del sombrero, blanquecino, tenaz y atenuado hacia la base. Sarcoscypha austriaca 070407 48 Página 1 de 5 DESCRIPCIÓN MICRO 1. Ascas octospóricas, monoseriadas, no amiloides Sarcoscypha austriaca 070407 48 Página 2 de 5 2. Esporas elipsoidales, truncadas en los polos, con numerosas gútulas de tamaño medio y normalmente agrupadas en los extremos, a veces con pequeños apéndices gelatinosos en los polos (sólo en material vivo). En apotecios viejos las esporas germinan por medio de 1-4 conidióforos formando conidios elipsoidales multigutulados Medidas esporas (400x, material fresco) 25.4 [29.8 ; 32.5] 36.9 x 10.8 [13 ; 14.3] 16.5 Q = 1.6 [2.1 ; 2.5] 3.1 ; N = 19 ; C = 95% Me = 31.15 x 13.63 ; Qe = 2.32 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Study of Neotropical Discomycetes: a New Species of the Genus Geodina (Geodina Salmonicolor Sp
    Mycosphere 9(2): 169–177 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/1 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Contribution to the study of neotropical discomycetes: a new species of the genus Geodina (Geodina salmonicolor sp. nov.) from the Dominican Republic Angelini C1,2, Medardi G3, Alvarado P4 1 Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana 2 Via Cappuccini 78/8, 33170 (Pordenone) 3 Via Giuseppe Mazzini 21, I-25086 Rezzato (Brescia) 4 ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, E-39012 Santander, Spain Angelini C, Medardi G, Alvarado P 2018 - Contribution to the study of neotropical discomycetes: a new species of the genus Geodina (Geodina salmonicolor sp. nov.) from the Dominican Republic. Mycosphere 9(2), 169–177, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/1 Abstract Geodina salmonicolor sp. nov., a new neotropical / equatorial discomycetes of the genus Geodina, is here described and illustrated. The discovery of this new entity allowed us to propose another species of Geodina, until now a monospecific genus, and produce the first 28S rDNA genetic data, which supports this species is related to genus Wynnea in the Sarcoscyphaceae. Key-words – 1 new species – Ascomycota – Sarcoscyphaceae – Sub-tropical zone Caribbeans – Taxonomy Introduction A study started more than 10 years ago in the area of Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) by one of the authors allowed us to identify several interesting fungal species, both Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Angelini & Medardi (2012) published a first report of ascomycetes in which 12 lignicolous species including discomycetes and pyrenomycetes were described and illustrated in detail, also delineating the physical and botanical characteristics of the research area.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Fungi in Ireland
    FOREST FUNGI IN IRELAND PAUL DOWDING and LOUIS SMITH COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development Arena House Arena Road Sandyford Dublin 18 Ireland Tel: + 353 1 2130725 Fax: + 353 1 2130611 © COFORD 2008 First published in 2008 by COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development, Dublin, Ireland. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from COFORD. All photographs and illustrations are the copyright of the authors unless otherwise indicated. ISBN 1 902696 62 X Title: Forest fungi in Ireland. Authors: Paul Dowding and Louis Smith Citation: Dowding, P. and Smith, L. 2008. Forest fungi in Ireland. COFORD, Dublin. The views and opinions expressed in this publication belong to the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of COFORD. i CONTENTS Foreword..................................................................................................................v Réamhfhocal...........................................................................................................vi Preface ....................................................................................................................vii Réamhrá................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements...............................................................................................ix
    [Show full text]
  • Truffles and False Truffles: a Primer by Britt A
    Two views of Tuber canaliculatum. Photos: John Plschke III. Truffles and False Truffles: A Primer by Britt A. Bunyard; photos by John Plischke III Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. —Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1979) Truffles have been the stuff of legend and culinary delight for genus of the most highly prized species of truffles.) As with every- centuries, even millennia. Historically, all mushrooms have been thing in nature, though, there is a reason. regarded with mystery or suspicion due mostly to their habit of materializing overnight (completely unlike other “plants”) and Form follows function: the convoluted hymenium often in rings (which was clearly the work of dancing fairies). Truffles are curiouser still in that they develop entirely under- Although it may not be obvious upon first inspection, species of ground. Theophrastus (372–287 B.C.) is credited with the earli- truffle are most closely related to members of the order Pezizales, est authorship of the group; he considered them the strangest of which includes Peziza, the eyelash fungus (Scutellinia scutellata), all plants (you will recall that, until fairly recently, fungi were and the beautiful scarlet cup (Sarcoscypha coccinea). But how did classified as plants) because they lack any plantlike features, in- members of the genus Tuber and their relatives go from a flattened cluding roots. morphology and epigeous (above ground) growth habit to highly When we think of truffles, we hardly get an image of the convoluted and hypogeous (subterranean)? In his terrific book typical fungus fruitbody, much less that of a mushroom. Not The Fifth Kingdom, Bryce Kendrick illustrates the evolutionary classified with true mushrooms (the Basidiomycetes), the truffles sequence from a flattened, above-ground cup like Peziza that likely possess sac-like spore producing structures (the ascus; plural gave rise to fungi that were increasingly convoluted like Genea.
    [Show full text]
  • The New York Botanical Garden
    Vol. XV DECEMBER, 1914 No. 180 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS PAGE Index to Volumes I-XV »33 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN AT 41 NORTH QUBKN STRHBT, LANCASTER, PA. THI NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY OFFICERS 1914 PRESIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON „ „ _ i ANDREW CARNEGIE VICE PRESIDENTS J FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON TREASURER—JAMES A. SCRYMSER SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON BOARD OF- MANAGERS 1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1915 N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON ANDREW CARNEGIE W GILMAN THOMPSON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS Term expire January. 1916 THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON GEORGE W. PERKINS MVLES TIERNEY LOUIS C. TIFFANY Term expire* January, 1917 EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE MAYOR OP THE CITY OF NEW YORK HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL THE PRESIDENT OP THE DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC PARES HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS PROF. H. H. RUSBY. Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER THOMAS W. CHURCHILL PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants) DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator GEORGE V.
    [Show full text]
  • (With (Otidiaceae). Annellospores, The
    PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 6, 4, pp. 405-414 (1972) Imperfect states and the taxonomy of the Pezizales J.W. Paden Department of Biology, University of Victoria Victoria, B. C., Canada (With Plates 20-22) Certainly only a relatively few species of the Pezizales have been studied in culture. I that this will efforts in this direction. hope paper stimulatemore A few patterns are emerging from those species that have been cultured and have produced conidia but more information is needed. Botryoblasto- and found in cultures of spores ( Oedocephalum Ostracoderma) are frequently Peziza and Iodophanus (Pezizaceae). Aleurospores are known in Peziza but also in other like known in genera. Botrytis- imperfect states are Trichophaea (Otidiaceae). Sympodulosporous imperfect states are known in several families (Sarcoscyphaceae, Sarcosomataceae, Aleuriaceae, Morchellaceae) embracing both suborders. Conoplea is definitely tied in with Urnula and Plectania, Nodulosporium with Geopyxis, and Costantinella with Morchella. Certain types of conidia are not presently known in the Pezizales. Phialo- and few other have spores, porospores, annellospores, blastospores a types not been reported. The absence of phialospores is of special interest since these are common in the Helotiales. The absence of conidia in certain e. Helvellaceae and Theleboleaceae also be of groups, g. may significance, and would aid in delimiting these taxa. At the species level critical com- of taxonomic and parison imperfect states may help clarify problems supplement other data in distinguishing between closely related species. Plectania and of where such Peziza, perhaps Sarcoscypha are examples genera studies valuable. might prove One of the Pezizales in need of in culture large group desparate study are the few of these have been cultured.
    [Show full text]