* ACKNOWLEDGING LAND AND PEOPLE

Smith’s Landing First Nation

TREATY 4 Dene Tha’ Mikisew First Nation MNA Cree Lake REGION 6 Nation TREATY 6 Athabasca Athabasca Beaver First Nation Chipewyan TREATY 7 Little Red River First Nation Cree Nation TREATY 8 Tallcree MNA First REGION 1 Nation Fort McKay TREATY 10 PADDLE PRAIRIE MNA REGION 5 First Nation Métis Settlements Loon River Peerless/ Lubicon First Nation Trout Lake Fort McMurray Lake Nation MNA Regional Zones First Nation Woodland Cree Métis Nation of First Nation Whitefi sh Lake Fort McMurray Alberta (MNA) First Nation Bigstone Cree First Nation Association (Atikameg) Nation PEAVINE Cities and Towns GIFT LAKE Chipewyan Kapawe’no Duncan’s Prairie First First Nation First Nation Kapawe’no Nation Sucker Creek First Nation Grande First Nation Lesser Slave Lake Sawridge Horse Lake Prairie First Nation First Nation EAST PRAIRIE Swan Heart Lake River First Nation** Sturgeon Lake Driftpile First BUFFALO LAKE Nation Cree Nation First Nation Beaver Cold KIKINO Lake Cree Lake First Nation Nations Whitefi sh Lake First MNA N a t i o n ( G o o d fi s h ) Kehewin ELIZABETH TREATY 4 First Nation Frog REGION 4 Alexander First Nation Saddle Lake Michel First Lake First Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation Cree Nation Nation TREATY 6 Nation FISHING Edmonton Paul First Nation LAKE TREATY 7 Papaschase First Nation Enoch Cree Nation (Edmonton) Ermineskin Cree Nation TREATY 8 Louis Bull Tribe Jasper Samson MNA Montana Cree Nation TREATY 10 Cree Nation REGION 2

Métis Settlements O’Chiese First Nation

Sunchild First Red Deer Stoney Nation Regional Zones Métis Nation Nakoda Nation of Alberta (MNA) Association (Wesley)*

Cities and Towns Stoney Nakoda Nation Banff Chiniki, Bearspaw, Wesley (Morley) LANGUAGES SPOKEN BY FIRST NATIONS Calgary Tsuu T’ina Siksika Nation Cree Nation Dene Stoney Nakoda MNA Nation (Bearspaw) REGION 3 Cree/Saulteaux Eden Valley Medicine Hat Stoney/Nakoda/Sioux Piikani Nation Kainai Nation Blackfoot Lethbridge

* Although the Stoney Nakoda Nation (Wesley) land is in Treaty 6 territory, it is a signatory of Treaty 7 and part of the Stoney Nation. ** Heart Lake First Nation is considered part of Treaty 10

Note: This map shows the approximate locations of the First Nations and the approximate area of treaty land as there is no consensus between rights holders and stakeholders about exact treaty boundaries. Adapted from Alberta Intergovernmental and Aboriginal Affairs WHAT IS A TREATY?

“The Government of Canada and the courts understand treaties between the Crown and Aboriginal people to be solemn agreements that set out promises, obligations and benefits for both parties.”1 From the perspective of First Nations, treaties are built on respectful, cooperative and nation-to-nation relationships between First Nations and the Crown on behalf of present and future generations. Treaties outline the rights, obligations and benefits of the signing parties to each other. The intention of the Crown was to gain title to the lands for their own claim. First Nations had other beliefs surrounding the negotiations of the treaty. To the First Nations these treaties are about sharing the land and resources and not extinguishment of title. The intent and provisions of the treaties do not end. This was acknowledged through a ceremonial and sacred agreement that incorporated the spirit and intent for treaties to last, “as long as the sun shines, the grass grows and rivers flow.”2

TREATY 4 TREATY 6 TREATY 7 TREATY 8 TREATY 10 1874 1876 1877 1899 1906 Treaty 4 covers the Treaty 6 is an agreement Treaty 7 is an agreement Treaty 8 is an agreement Treaty 10 covers the southern part of present- between the Crown and the between the Crown and between the Crown and present-day areas of the day Saskatchewan with Dene, Cree, Nakota Sioux the Blackfoot Confederacy the Cree and Dene in northern part of Manitoba, small portions in western and Saulteaux. Treaty 6 (Kainai, Piikani and Siksika), what is now known as northeastern Saskatchewan Manitoba and southern covers central Alberta and Stoney-Nakoda and Tsuu Alberta, British Columbia, and a small portion of east Alberta. No First Nations Saskatchewan. T’ina First Nations. Treaty Saskatchewan and the central Alberta. Heart Lake from Whitepresent-day Alberta 7 covers southern Alberta Northwest Territories. First Nation is a party to signedHorse Treaty 4. and a small portion of Treaty 10. Saskatchewan. Yukon Yellowknife MÉTIS N W T. The advent of the fur trade in west central TREATY 11 North America during the 18th century was accompanied by a growing number of offspring of First Nations women and European fur traders. Fort Nelson Fort As members of this population established Smith distinct communities separate from those of First ­Nations and Europeans and married Alberta among themselves, a new Aboriginal people British emerged — the Métis people — with their own TREATY 8 unique culture, traditions,­ language (Michif), way Columbia of life, collective consciousness and nationhood.3 Prince Fort McMurray George Grande Slave MÉTIS SETTLEMENTS Prairie Lake TREATY 10 Alberta has the only government-recognized Métis land base in Canada, which comprises eight TREATY 6 Métis settlements. Covering 512,121 hectares, the settlements are dispersed throughout east- TREATY 6 (1889) central and northern Alberta. The settlements Edmonton Prince Saskatchewan emerged from the social and political action of Albert Métis leaders in the 1920’s and 30’s who diligently advocated for the rights of Métis during a time of Vancouver Red Deer North 4 Battleford Saskatoon social persecution and landlessness. TREATY 7 Victoria Regina MÉTIS NATION OF ALBERTA REGIONAL ZONES TREATY 4 Métis Nation of Alberta (MNA), established in 1928, is the Métis Government for Métis Albertans. The MNA is governed by an elected

Adapted from AADNC www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM *Note: This map shows the approximate area of treaty land as there is no consensus provincial council, which includes an elected -INTER-HQ/STAGING/texte-text/htoc_1100100032308_eng.pdf between rightsholders and stakeholders about exact treaty boundaries. provincial president and vice-president. NOTES Governance for the MNA is further divided 1. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAF). “Treaties and Agreements.” into six regional zones, each with an elected Government of Canada website. www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028574/1529354437231 president and vice-president. The MNA governing (accessed June 28, 2019). bodies work with community to “promote and 2. Alexander Morris, The Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the North-West Territories: Including the Negotiations on Which They Were Based, and Other Information Relating Thereto (Toronto: facilitate the advancement of Métis people Willing & Williamson, 1880), 96. through self-reliance, self-determination and 3. Métis Nation of Canada, http://www.metisnation.ca/ (accessed June 19, 2019). self-management.”5 4. Canadian Geographic, Indigenous Peoples Atlas of Canada, “Métis Settlements and Farms,” https:// indigenouspeoplesatlasofcanada.ca/article/metis-settlements-and-farms/ (accessed June 19, 2019). 5. Métis Nation of Alberta, “About,” http://albertametis.com/about/ (accessed June 19, 2019).

Acknowledging Land and People is a publication of the Alberta Teachers’ Association Walking Together Project intended to support certificated teachers on their learning journey to meet the First Nations, Métis and Inuit Foundational Knowledge competency in the Teaching Quality Standard.

Walking Together would like to acknowledge the contributions of First For additional resources and information on Walking Together, visit www.teachers.ab.ca. Nations, Métis and Inuit community members within Alberta in developing these resources. www.teachers.ab.ca walkingtogetherata @ATAindigenous

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