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Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events Occasional Paper Series Resource Report 1 Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events Occasional Paper Series Resource Report 1 DECEMBER 2005 Stephen McTaggart1 Department of Sociology The University of Auckland 1 [email protected] Citation: McTaggart, S. 2005. Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events. Wellington: SPEaR. Published in December 2005 by SPEaR PO Box 1556, Wellington, New Zealand ISBN 0-477-10012-0 (Book) ISBN 0-477-10013-9 (Internet) This document is available on the SPEaR website: Disclaimer The views expressed in this working paper are the personal views of the author and should not be taken to represent the views or policy of the Foundation of Research Science and Technology, the Ministry of Social Development, SPEaR, or the Government, past or present. Although all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information, no responsibility is accepted for the reliance by any person on any information contained in this working paper, nor for any error in or omission from the working paper. Acknowledgements The Family Whānau and Wellbeing Project was funded by the Foundation of Research, Science and Technology, New Zealand. Practical support from the Department of Statistics and the University of Auckland is also gratefully acknowledged. Thanks also to the members of the Family Whānau and Wellbeing Project team for their academic and technical support. The author would like to thank those who assisted with the report’s preparation. Andrew Sporle, Peter Davis, and Alastair Scott. The author would also like to thank the reviewers for their comments: 1. Charles Crothers; 2. Angelique Praat; 3. Gerard Cotterell; 4. Raewyn Good. Responsibility for the final product, however, rests ultimately with the author. SPEAR WORKING PAPER NO. 1 – REPORT ON SIGNIFICANT POLICY EVENTS DECEMBER 2005 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 9 Overview .........................................................................................................................................................9 Method ............................................................................................................................................................9 Data collection ............................................................................................................................................9 Organising the data ................................................................................................................................... 10 Defining wellbeing ................................................................................................................................... 11 Structure....................................................................................................................................................... 11 The report as a resource ............................................................................................................................. 12 Limitations ................................................................................................................................................... 13 1 SOCIAL SECURITY: BENEFITS AND INCOME SUPPORT 14 1.1 Summary of significant policy events .......................................................................................... 14 1.2 Details of significant policy events: chronology and documentary sources.............................. 19 Period 1: 19801984, Finance Minister Robert Muldoon ........................................................................ 19 Period 2: 19841988, Finance Minister Roger Douglas ........................................................................... 20 Period 3: 1988–1990, Finance Minister David Caygill ............................................................................ 24 Period 4: 1990–1993, Finance Minister Ruth Richardson ........................................................................ 26 Period 5: 1994–1999, Finance Ministers Bill Birch and Winston Peters .................................................. 27 Period 6: 2000–2001, Finance Minister Michael Cullen .......................................................................... 32 1.3 Additional information.......................................................................................................................... 33 Summary of types of support .................................................................................................................... 33 Relevant social security Acts and events .................................................................................................. 34 Social welfare programmes and schemes development ............................................................................ 34 Descriptions of key social welfare Acts, 1911–1973 Acts........................................................................ 37 2 EMPLOYMENT: PROGRAMMES, INITIATIVES AND SCHEMES 42 2.1 Summary of significant policy events .......................................................................................... 42 2.2 Details of significant policy events: chronology and documentary sources.............................. 45 Period 1: 1980–1984, Finance Minister Robert Muldoon ........................................................................ 45 Period 2: 1984–1988, Finance Minister Roger Douglas ........................................................................... 46 Period 3: 1989–1990, Finance Minister David Caygill ............................................................................ 47 Period 4: 1991–1993, Finance Minister Ruth Richardson ........................................................................ 47 Period 5: 1994–1999, Finance Ministers Bill Birch and Winston Peters .................................................. 49 Period 6: 2000–2001, Finance Minister Michael Cullen .......................................................................... 51 2.3 Additional information ................................................................................................................. 51 Employment programmes and training schemes overview....................................................................... 51 Programmes, schemes and services, 1981–2001 ...................................................................................... 52 3 HEALTH POLICY 57 3.1 Summary of significant policy events .......................................................................................... 57 3.2 Details of significant policy events: chronology and documentary sources.............................. 61 Period 1: 1980–1984, Finance Minister Robert Muldoon ........................................................................ 61 Period 2: 1984–1988, Finance Minister Roger Douglas ........................................................................... 61 Period 3: 1988–1990, Finance Minister David Caygill ............................................................................ 64 Period 4: 1990–1993, Finance Minister Ruth Richardson ........................................................................ 65 Period 5: 1994–1999, Finance Ministers Bill Birch and Winston Peters .................................................. 67 Period 6: 2000–2001, Finance Minister Michael Cullen .......................................................................... 72 3.3 Additional information ................................................................................................................. 73 The New Zealand health system: historical background and relevant legislation .................................... 73 The evolution of health policy, 1980–2000 .............................................................................................. 75 Annual Ministry of Health reports ............................................................................................................ 77 5 SPEAR WORKING PAPER NO. 1 – REPORT ON SIGNIFICANT POLICY EVENTS DECEMBER 2005 Significant structural changes to the New Zealand health care system, 1980–2001 ................................. 77 4 EDUCATION POLICY 82 4.1 Summary of significant policy events .......................................................................................... 82 4.2 Details of significant policy events: chronology and documentary sources.............................. 87 Period 1: 19801984, Finance Minister Robert Muldoon ........................................................................ 87 Period 2: 19841988, Finance Minister Roger Douglas ........................................................................... 87 Period 3: 1988–1990, Finance Minister David Caygill ............................................................................ 91 Period 4: 1990–1993, Finance Minister Ruth Richardson ........................................................................ 92 Period 5: 1994–1999, Finance Ministers Bill Birch and Winston Peters .................................................. 96 Period 6: 2000–2001, Finance Minister Michael Cullen ........................................................................ 104 4.3 Additional information ............................................................................................................... 106 Structure of education in New
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