Technical Bulletin No. 1083 March 1954

/' Classification of Varieties Grown in the United States in 1949

By

B. B. BAYLES Principal Agronomist

and

J. ALLEN CLARK Senior Agronomist Field Crops Research ~h

United States Department of Agriculture, Washingtc'll, D. C.

For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, WaehinMlon 25, D. C. • Price 70 cent. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 105

awnlets several, 5 to 25 mm. long; kernels Rosslyn, Va., by the Division of Cereal red, midlong, soft, elliptical; germ mid­ Crops and Diseases. Selection was sized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks continued at Beltsville, Md. Selection angular; brush midsized, midlong. (See Y2652, later named Anderson, was fig. 61, B.) entered in the Uniform._...Southern Wheat Thorne is resistant to the· races ·of Nursery in 1947. It showed promi::;c loose smut commonly found in Ohio. and was distributed in South Caroliua, It hal;'! very stiff and is resistant to in the fall of 1951. It was distributed mosaic. It is a high-yielding variety in North Carolina in the fall of 1952. of good soft-wheat quality, although it is somewhat low in weight per bushel. RED CHIEF History.- Thorne (C. 1. 11856) (reg. 323) was bred from a cross between Description.- Plant winter habit, Portage and Fulcaster made at the Ohio early, midtall; stem white, midstrong; Agricultural Experiment Station at Co­ spike awnleted, fusiform, dense, erect; lumbus, in 1917. The bulk material glumes glabrous, brown and black, was taken to the experiment station at short, mid wide; shoulders narrow, Wooster, Ohio, where the selection that rounded; beaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 resulted in Thorne was made in 1922. mm. long; awnlets several, 3 to 15 mm. It was carried as T. N. 1006 until 1936, long; kernels red, midlong, hard, broadly when it was reselected and increased elliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, under the name "Thorne." Seed was shallow; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, distributed to a select group of farmers midlong. (See fig. 63, A.) for increase in the fall of 1937 (1 118) . Red Chief is somewhat similar to Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Chiefkan but has brown pigment along 3,447,661 acres (fig. 62). It is the lead­ with black in the glumes and has stronger ing soft":wheat variety. straw. The grain i also darker in color Synonym.-T. N. 1006. than Chiefkan and somewhat higher in test weight. It is poor in -baking SENECA quality. Description.-Seneca is very similar History.-Red Chief (C. 1. 12109) re­ to Thorne. It has a higher test weight, sulted from a vigorous awnless plant a slightly higher yield, and a slightly selected from a field of Blackhull wheat stiffer straw. by Earl G. Clark, a farmer wheat breeder History.-Seneca (C. 1. 12529) (Ohio T. N. 1016-4) was developed at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. It is a sister selection of Thorne. After thorough testing it was increased on a few acres in 1949, and several thousand bushels were distributed from the 19S0 harvest. ANDERSON Description.- Plant intermediate habit, midseason, midtall to tall; stem white, midstrong to strong; spike awnleted, oblong, lax, inclined; glumes glabrous, brown, long, midwide; shoulders narrow, rounded; beaks midwide, obtuse, 0.5 mill. long; kernels red, midlong to long, soft, elliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, mid deep ; cheeks angular; brush l1lidsized, midlong. Anderson is resistant to leaf rust, but it is susceptible to stem rust and moderately susceptible to mosaic. It averages less than the Atlas strains in protein content but is somewhat higher than many other varieties grown in the South. Its quality is satisfactory for the medium-strength soft wheat . History.-Anderson (C. 1. 12536) was FIGURE 64.-DistrihULion of Red Chief developed from a cross between Leapland whea'lin 1949. ESLimated area, 1,160,893 and Fronteira made at Arlington Farm, t acres. 106 'l'ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE of .._ edp;, 'jck, Kans. It was increased and uper, or Super wheat, wa distributed di'tributcd by him in 1940 (101). by Luther Burbank, of Santa Rosa, . Dislrilllltion.-Estimatcd area in 1949, Calif., in the fall of 1917. Apparently 1,160,8!J3 acres (fig. 64). most of his stock was purchased and Synolllltns.-DeLuxe Reel. Chief, Super­ resold by the tate Seed & Nursery Co., reel, Super Red C hief. of Helena, JYlont. The writers have found Super ,,,heat to be identical with Jones TRIPLET Fife in all taxonomic characters, as well as in yield and in milling and baking De.s('l"!:pUon.-Plant winter habit, mid­ quality. f;CHSOIl, midtall; stem white, midstrong; Distribution.- Estimated area in 1949, spikp- awnleted, oblong to fusiform, mid­ 20,064 acres, grown in Idaho, IlLinoi, dCIl. c, inclined; g]umeR pubescent, white, Kentucky, Oregon, Tennessee, and ,\Va h­ midJong, midwide; shoulders midwidl3, ington. obliqne to !-iquarej beak wide, obtus , SynonY1ns.- Burbank's Super, Crail 0 . .) to 1 mm. Long; awnlets severa], 3 to Fife, FiCe, Fishhead, J OIles vVinter Fire, 12 II Ill!. long, sometimes incurved Silver King, Sllper, Velvet , "Winter th ronghout spike; kernels red, short to Fife. mid Long, semihard, oval ; germ mall; crenSt: narrow to midwide, shallow; REWARD c}wl'ks rounded; brush small, midLong. ( ..'ee fig. (33, B.) Descr7'ption.- Plant spring habit, early, Triplet differs from Jones Fife i11 being short to midtaU; stem white, midstrong slight.ly J"horter and earlier and in having but easi1y crinkled at the nodes; spikes It hardt'r kernel with a smaller germ arid awnletcd, fu iform, midden e, erect to roullded rather than angular cheeks. inclined; glurnes pubescent, white, some­ lIis(o/"?/.-Triplet (C. 1. 540S) (reg. 108) times black-striped, short, midwidc; was originated at the ,¥'ashington Agri­ should rs mid,yide, oblique to elevated; cultural Experiment tation, Pullman. beaks wide, acute, triangular, 0.5 to 1 ] t ' ppdi Tree is as follows: lum. long; awnlets several, sometimes black, 5 to 15 mrn. long; kernels red, (.JOIICS Fife X LiLUe Club) X (Jones short to midlong, hard, ovate; germ mid­ Fife X Turkey) sized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks I t. was first grown as a pure strain in rounding to angular; brush midsized, l!) I 0 ttnu was distributed for commercial short. (See fig. 65, A.) growing in 1918. Reward is very early and has a high JJisirilmtion.-Estimated area in 1949, test weight and good quality for bread­ 44,248 acres, grown in Washington, making. I dnho, and 1\10utana. IIistory.-Rewal'd (C. 1. 8] 82) (reg. 2(31) was developed from a cross between JONES FIFE Marquis and Prelude made in HH2 at the C ntral Experimental Farm, Ottawa, /)cscrlplion.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Canada. It wa distributed for com­ spa on, midtall; s tem white, midstrong; mercial growing in Canada ill 1 U2S. pike awnletcd, oblong to fu iform, mid­ R ward was firs t intl"oduced into the dCIl" , nodding; glumes pubescent, white, nited States from Canada by com­ lIlidlong, midwide to wide j shoulders mid­ mercial grower.:; in 1928 (150). wide, oblique to square; beak wide, Distriblltion.- E timated area in 1949, ohtuse, 0.5 to 1 Illm. long; awnlets few to 98,271 acres grown in seven SLates, the so\'eral, lower ones often incurved, 3 to 8 largest acreages being in .l\fon tana, IIlIll. long; kernels red, short to midlong, Colorado, and outh Dakota. ~ ()fi, ovate, humped; germ midsizcd; crl'a::-e Illidwide to wide, middecp to deep; chc('k:; angular; brush midsized, midlong. CALGALOS llislory.-Jolles Fife ( . 1. 446 ) (reg. Description.- Plant s p r in g h a bit, 110) was originated by A. . Jones, of although remaining pro trate during its Tc\\"ark, ,\\rayne County, . Y., in 1889. 11 ar]y growth, III iclseason, midtall ; leaves ccoI"Ciing to Carleton (37, p. 221), it pubescent, glaucous; stem white, slender, " de 'cendl'd from Fultz, MediI, rranean, weak; spike awn]eted, fus iform, lax, anel Hn:;::,.;ian Velvet." inclined; glumes pubescent, light bro"'n, Crail Fife is a local name applied to long, midwide; shoulders midwide, oblique .Jol1e Fife wheat in :-'fontaua, Frank to square; beaks wide, acute, 1 to 2 mm. Cutil, of Bozeman, 1\[ont., being the long; awnlets many, 3 to 30 mm. long; farmer who grew and distributed the kernels whiLe, midlong, soft, ovate to variety under that name. Burbank's elliptical, slightly humped, ventral side II l'rinted stationery of A. N. Jones. rounded; germ small; crease narrow, CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 107

A B

FIGURE 65.-A, Reward and B, Sonora : Spikes and Iurnes. Y 1; keole)s. X 3. 10 'l'I<:CH... TICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

shlJ,lIow; cheeks usually rounded; brush The variety is similar to Onas except rnid:;ized, midlong. in being awned and in having a higl1er . Hist(lry. - Oa/galo::; (C. I. 23(8) (reg. test weight. 113) (P. 1. 9872) was introduced in 1£)03 History.- AwJled Onas (C. 1. 12235) by 1he enited States Department of was derived from Ba80rt X Onas back­ gri('ultllr(' (::J11) from th Erivan Gov­ cros cd 8 and 9 times to Ona::; to transfer ernment in Transcaucasian Russia. Seed the awns of Baart to Onas. The material of Cal galas was increased by E. :;,\1. was grown at Tuc on, Ariz., and Aberdeen, smith of Hay Creek, reg., from a Idaho, during the making of the first 6 ample ent him from the nited States back crosses. The additional back crosses DppartlllPnt of Agriculture in 1904. were made at Davis, Calif., beginning in Di,,

A

FIGURE 66.-A, Oded and B, Baart wheats: Spikes and glumes, X 1; kernels, X 3. 110 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

BAART Station, which obtained its original seed from the then Office of Cereal Investiga­ Description.-Plant spring habit, early tions, United States Department of to midseason, midtall to tall; stem white, Agriculture. The variety was well es­ ~\ea.k; spike awned, fusiform, middense, tablished in Arizona in 1914, when it Inclmed; glumes glabrous, white, long, 'was first grown in \Vashington from seed narrow; shoulders narrow, oblique to from Arizona; it later spread to Oregon "quare; beaks 3 to 5 mm. long; awns 3 to and Idaho and to California about 1917. 6 crn. long; kernels white, long, semihard, Distribution.-The estimated area of ovate; germ small; crease narrow, shal­ Baart in 1949 was 504,268 acres (fig. (7). low; cheeks usually rounded; brush Synonym.-Early Baart. midaized, short to midlong. (Sec fig. 66, E.) Baart can be distinguished from all DAART 38 others by the large yellowish pear-shaped kernels. Descriplion.-This variety is very simi­ History.-Baart (C. 1. 161.)7) (reg. 123) lar to Baart except in being resistant to was received as Early Baart with four some races of stem rust and bunt. other varieties (211, P. I. 5078) from History.-This strain (C. 1. 11907) of Australia by the Unit'cd States Depart­ Baart was developed in cooperative inves-' ment of Agriculture in 1900. III Aus­ tigations of the California Agricultural tralia it has never been a leading com­ Experiment Station and the Division of mercial variety, although it has been Cereal Crops and 'Diseases at Davis, grown by some farmers for many years. Calif. A program was begun in 1922 to The variety was introduced to Australia develop, by backcrossing, strains of the from the Cape Colony, South Africa, important commercial wheat varieties in about 1880 (185). California that would be resistant to bunt. ~('ethling, 1932 (147, p. 33), stated Later a similar project was begun to add that "Baard" wheat was mentioned in stem rust resistance to the most important South African literature as early as 1739 varieties. Baart 38 is the result of back­ and suggests that the original stock may crossing Martin X Baart 6 times with have been introduced from western Baart to obtain a bunt-resistant Baart Europe. and backcrossing Hope X Baart 4 times In the United States the variety was with Baart to obtain a rust-resistant first distributed for commercial growing Baart (201). Each backcross was made by the Arizona Agricultural Experiment on segregates resistant to bunt or stem rust, depending on the cross. The bunt­ resistant and stem-rust-resistant strains were then crossud and 157 of the Fa segre­ gates resistant to both diseases were bulked and increased in 11.)38. The variety was distributed to growers in the fall of 1939. Distribu.tion.-Estirnated area in 1949, 154,060 acres, of which 153,263 were in California and Arizona.

BAAUT 46 Description.-Baart 46 is similar to Baart in morphologic characters. As a result of rigid selection, it is more resistant than Baart 38 to stem rust. It is resistant to some races of bunt. History.-Baart 46 (C. I. 12386) was developed in the back crossing program of the California Agricultural Experiment Station, at Davis, in cooperation with the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases. Thirteen of the original 182 lines com­ posited to make Baart 38 were back­ crossed twice to Baart and the progenies selectcd for rust resistance from F2 to F5 segregates. Forty-five F5 lines were FIGURE 67.-Distribution of l3aart wheat composited in 1946 and increased and in 1949. Estimated area, 504,,268 acres. distributed in the fall of H)48. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 111

GLADDEN BLACKHAWK Description.-Gladden is similar to Descriplion.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Gypsy, but can be distinguished from it by season to late, tall; stem white, midstrong; its shorter beaks, which usually do not· spike awned, fusiform, midden5e;inclined; exceed 3 mm. It also has stronger stems glumes glabrolls, white,.... midlong, narrow; and "is superior to Gypsy in yield and shoulders narrow, wanting; beaks narrow, quality. acuminate, 1 to 3 mm. long; awns 5 to 8 History.-The following history of cm.long; kernel:; red, midlong, soft, ovate; Gladden (C. 1. 5(44) (reg. 126) has been . germ midsized; crease midwide, middeep; reported by C. G. Williams (£30, p. 3), checks rounded; brush small, midlong. of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Blackhawk is resistant to leaf rust, Station, where the variety was originated. bunt, and flag smut, and moderately The Gladdcn wheat originated from resistant to stem rust and loose smut. a single head of wheat selected from a It is winter-hardy and of satisfactory soft field of Gypsy wheat in 1U05, and was wheat quality. It is susceptible to first grown in 1906 under the number mosaic. 6100, along with other headrows of History.-Blackhawk (C. 1. 12218) Gypsy, Fultz, Poole, and other varieties. (reg. 341) was developed at the Wisconsin In consulting the old notebook of 14 Agricultural Experiment Station in exper­ years ago I find it described as "very iments cooperative with the Division of erect" in growth, the words being Cereal Crops and Diseases from a cross underscored, and given the highest between a sister selection of Wabash (Br­ rank for stiffness of straw of any of the Ml-4) and Minturki made in 1930. It Gypsy rows, and as high a rank as any was carried as H59-13-9-5-7-12 after its row in the test. The photographs selection in the seventh generation. It taken in 1907, 1910, and 1915 show was distributed to farmers in \Visconsin more than ordinary Rtiffness of straw. in the fall of 1944 and is recommended This variety passed along under the for growing in that State. number name "6100" until 1915, when Distribution.-Estimated area in 1049, it seemed best to give it a real name in 71,506 acres, grown in 11 States, the order to prevent confusion, as it was largest acreage being in 'Wisconsin. being distributed quite a little over the State. It was named for Washington GIPSY Gladden, a man not associated with agriculture particularly, but the most Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ useful citizen Ohio had for many years. season, rnidtall; stem white, Illidstrong; spike awned, fusiform, middense, inclined; Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, glumes glabrous, whitc, midlong, mid­ 23 acres, grown in Ohio. wide; shoulders midwide, oblique to Synonym.-Number 6100. square; beaks 2 to 8 mill. long; awns 3 to 7 cm. long; kernels red, midlong, soft, SALINE ovate, humped; germ midsized; crease Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ mid wide, shallow to middcep, pitted; season, midtall; stem white, strong; spike cheeks usually rounded; brush small, "awned, oblong, mid dense to dense, in­ midlong. clined; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, History.-The origin of Gipsy (C. I. narrow to midwide; shoulders narrow, 3436) (reg. 127) is undetermined. It was rounded to elevated; beaks midwide, grown in Missouri as early as 1877 (1) acute, 2 to 3 mm. long; awns 5 to 8 cm. and at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment long; kernels red, short to midlong, soft, Station by 1888 (69, p. 28). There is a ovate; germ midsized to large; crease mid­ tradition that the name was given the wide, mid deep ; cheeks rounded; brush variety because it was first obtained from midsized to large, midlong. a gypsy. Saline has good resistance to mosaic Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, and some resistance to leaf and stem rust, 1,255 acres, grown in Ohio. but is susceptible to loose smut. Its Synonyms.-Lebanon, Niagara, Reli­ grain is of good soft-wheat quality. able. Ilistory.-Saline (C. 1. 12(74) was de­ ROYAL veloped in cooperative experiments at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ at Urbana from a cross between· "Wabash season, midtall to taU; stem white, mid­ and Illinois No.2. Selection 40-679, strong; spike awned, fusiform to oblong, which was later named Saline, was made middense, inclined; glumes glabrous, in 1940 and distributed in the fall of 1950. white, midlong, miclwidc; shoulders nar- 2.60503-54--8 112 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

/

. I

A

FIGUUE 68.-A, Kawvale and B, Fulcaster wheats: Spikes and giLu.nes, X 1; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 113 row, wanting to rounded; beaks narrow, 1913. A wheat under that name was acuminate, 5 to 8 mm. long; kernels red, grown by that station as early as 1902. midlong, soft, ovate; germ midsized; The Everitt O. K. Seed Store advertised crease midwide, middeep; checks rounded; Indiana Swamp wheat in 1899, stating brush lJlid~ized, midlong. that it was of the :\T¢iterrancan type. Royal is resi~tant to flag smut and i~ The name "Swamp" is also used for moderatelv resistant to stem rust and to several other varieties. mosaic. It has satisfactory soft-whcat Distribution.-Estimated area in 19-1!), quality. 464 acres, grown in Ohio. Ihstory.-Royal (C. 1. 12558) was Synonyms.-Gerrnan Amber, Indiana developed by the Illinois Agricultural Swamp, Niagara, Russian Amber. Experiment Station from resistant plant'> selected from Illinois No.2 grown on a KAWVALE field infested with mosaic near Delavan, Ill., in 1\)35. It was designated as 1)85 Description.-Plant winter habit, lIlid­ during the testing period and was season, mid tall ; stem purple, strong; distributed in H)47. spike awned, fusiform, middense, erect DlstriiJution.-Estimated area in 1949, to incliner!, easily shattered; glumes 85,384 acres, grown in Illinois, Indiana, glabrous, white, short, midwide; shoulders and Ohio. narrow, wanting 1,0 oblique; beaks nar­ NEWCASTER row, acute, incurving, 1 to 3 mm. long; awns 3 to 6 Clll. long; kernels red, midlong, Description.~~Plant winter habit, mid­ semi hard to hard, ovate; germ midsized; season, midtall to tall; stem white, weak; crease mid wide, middeep; checks rounded; spike awned, fusiform, lax, inclined; brush midsized, midlong. (See fig. 68, A.) glullles glabrous, white, midlong, mid­ This variety is more winter-hardy than wide; shoulders narrow, wanting to 1Il0st soft or semihard red winter wheats. oblique; beakH narrow, acuminate, 5 to It is resistant to loose SIllUt and is some­ 7 mill. long; awns 5 to 8 cm. long; kernels what resistant to leaf and stem rust and red, midlong, soft, ovate; germ small; to . Flour from Kawvale is crcaHe lllldwide, ll11ddeep; cheeks rounded; more granular than from varieties of bruHh midsized, midlong. typical soft wheat and is not satisfactory Newcaster haH a trace of purple in its for making oakes and pastries. stems, but is otherwise similar to Ful­ Hlstory.-Kawvale (C. 1. 8180) (reg. caster in plant and quality characters. 2(5) was developed at the Kansas Agri­ It is highly resistant to mosaic and to cultural Experiment Station, :\Ianhattan, flag smut. in cooperative experiments with the IIistory.-Newcaster (C. 1. 12528) was Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases. developed as It selection from Flilcaster The selection was made in 1918 from by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Indiana Swamp, a synonym of Valley. Station. Seed of Flilcaster from several The variety was released for commercial farmers in southern Illinois waH grown on growing in the fall of 19a2. the Agronomy Farm at Urbana and Distnbution.-Estimated area in 1949, heads were selected for further testing. 300,594 acres (fig. (9). One of these selections resulted in New­ caster. It was distributed in Illinois in 1946. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 42,814 acres, grown in Illinois.

VALLEY

Description.-Valley differs from Gipsy only in being taller and slightly earlier and in having slightly longer spikes, beaks, and glumes. IIistory.-Valley (C. 1. 5923) (reg. 128) was obtained by the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station from Elias Tetter, FIGURE 69.-Dislribution of Kawvale wheat Pleasant Plain, Ohio, in 1883 and grown in 1919. Estimated area, 300,594 acres. by that station for the first time in 1884 (69, p. 35). It is said to have originated RED INDIAN in the Scioto Valley, Ohio (103, p. 3). Indiana Swamp is a name under which Description.-Red Indian is similar to a sample of wheat very similar to Valley Fulcaster except for having shorter, was obtained from the Illinois station in stronger, and less purple stems. 11·1, TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Hislory.-The history of Hed Indian Fulcaster differs from Gipsy and Valley IC. 1. 8382) (reg. 294) is undetermined. in having purple straw. A prominent It i~ a distinct strain of Fulcaster grown characterisLit: i8 the orunge-t:olored stripes in Ohio. Seed was obtained in September on tile glumes. It has long been a pop­ 1927 from C. O. Pierman, Ottawa, Ohio. ular and widely grown variety. o Distribution.-Estimated area in 1049, History.-According to Carleton (35, 91 acres, grown in Ohio. p. 70), Fulcaster (C. 1. 4862) (reg. 131) " ... was produced in 1886 by S. M. MAMMOTH REf) Schindel, of Hagerstown, Md., and is [from] a hybrid between Fultz and Lan­ Description.-Mammoth Red is similar caster ... , the latter being thc Medi­ to Fulcaster except for being' slightly terranean variety." later and shorter and in having a slightly Many names have been used for wheat larger and harder kernel. similar to Fulcaster. The earliest record History.-Mammoth Red (C. 1. 2008) is under the name "Dietz." Dietz was (reg. 132), distributed by the David first included in the varietal experiments Hardie Seed Co., Dallas, Tex., in the of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment early nineties, was first obtained by the Statiou in 1884. The same wheat, how­ United States Department of Agriculture ever, apparently soon carne to be called in 1004 from the 101 Ranch, Bliss, Okla. Dietz Longberry (2, p. 591) and was I!l experiments at the Maryland Agri­ later known as Dietz Longberry Hed eultural College, College Park, Md., it (34, p. 18). The true origin of Dietz was highest yielding of the many varieties Longberry and Fulcaster is somewhat t("ted over a period of years and was obscure. The former has the earlier distributed from that station and from published history. However, according thE' Arlington· Experiment Farm, to N. Schmitz, formerly of the Maryland Rosslyn, Va. Agricultural Experiment Station, Mr. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Schindel claimed that Mr. Dietz merely 8,323 acres, grown in Delaware and gave the name Dietz Longberry to his Maryland. Fulcaster wheat. FULCASTER Among the other names Stoner and Miracle are most cOIlllIlonly used. Desrription.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Stoner cannot be distinguished from season, tall; stem purple, midstrong to Fulcaster by any character and is here strong; spike awned, fusiform, middense, considered lIlerely a synonym of that inelined; glumes glabrous, white, mid­ variety. The history of Stoner has long, midwide to wide; shoulders mid­ been recorded by Ball and Leighty (19). wide, oblique to square; beaks 2 to 8 mm. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1040, long; awns 3 to 6 cm. long; kernels red, 354,137 acres (fig. 70). midlong, soft, ovate, humped; germ mid­ Synonll1ns.-Bearded Bluestem, Cum­ f

FIGURE 70.-Distrihution of Fulcaster wheat in 19,t9. Estimated area, 354,137 acres. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 115

NUDEL NITTANY (PENN. NO. M) Description.-Nudel is similar to Ful­ Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ caster, except in being more uniform and' season to late, tall; stem purple, mid­ in giving higher yields than Nittany and strong to strong; spike)twned, oblong to Thorne in Delaware, especially on sandy fusiform, middense, erect to inclined; soils: It also seems to be damaged less glumes glabrous, white, midlong, wide; by scab. shoulders midwide, oblique to square; History.-Nudel (C. I. 12672) resulted beaks 2 to 10 mm. long; awns ~ to 8 cm. from a head selected by the Delaware long; kernels red, midlong, soft, ovate, Agricultural Experiment Station from a humped; germ midsized; crease wid£', field of wheat thought to be Fulcaster middeep, sometimes pitted; cheeks angu­ growing on the farm of G. Y. Carrow near lar; brush large, midlong. Dover, Dal., in 1(130. It was distributed This variety differs from Fulcaster in in 1947. being later and taller, in having spikes Disl,ribution.-Estimated area in H)49, more oblong and slightly longer beaks, 692 acreR, grown in Delaware. and in producing higher yields in the Eastern States. The kernels arc softer v. P. I. 131 than Fulcaster. History.-Nittany (C. I. 6962) (reg. Description. -This selection of Fulcas­ 254) was developed (161, p. 7) by the ter differs from Fulcaster only in having Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment somewhat shorter beaks and in being Station, State College. It is the result more uniform. of a plant selection from Fulcaster made History.-V. P. 1. 131 (C. I. 100.. l7) in 1909. This variety has been grown (reg. 295) is the result of a plant s~le~t~d commercially in P~llnsylvania since 1918 in H105 from Fulcaster by the VlrglllJa as Penn. No. 44, or Nittany. Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. .It was first distributed for commerCIal Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, growing in 1915. . 110,369 acres, grown in nine Eastern Distribution.-Estimated area III 1949, States the largest acreages being in 81 402 acr~s, grown in Virginia, North Maryl~lld and Pennsylvania. C~rolina, \Vest, Virginia, Maryland, and Synonym.-Penn. No. 44. Arkansas. PHOGRESS BUTLER Description.-Plant spring habit, early, Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ midtall; stem white, midstrong; spike season midtall; stem purple; spike awned, awned fusiform, middense, erect to in­ oblong, middense, inclined; glum.es ~Ia­ clined.' glurnes glabrous, white, long, brous, white, I4idlong, narrow to Imdwl?e; narro,~; shoulders narrow, rounding to shoulders narrow, rounded; beaks mld­ elevated; beaks 2 to 10 mm. long; awns wide acute, 1 to 2 mm. long; awns 5 to 2 to 8 em. long; kernels red, midlong, 7 c~. long; kernels red, midlong, sO.ft, soft to semihard, ovate; germ midsized; ovate; germ midsized to large; crease mld­ crease narrow to midwide, shallow; wide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush cheeks rounded; brush midsized, short. midsized, midlong. Progress is resistant to powdery mildew Butler has straw strength nearly as and moderately resistant to stem rust, good as Thorne and is more winter-hardy. but its kernels are softer than those of It, is resistant to mosaic, flag smut, several the hard red spring varieties and, al­ races of loose smut, and is similar to though high in protein content, the Trumbull in reaction to scab. It has protein is of poor quality and it usually good soft-wheat quality. produces bread of low loaf volume and of History.-Butler (C. I: 12527) was d~­ poor grain and texture. veloped at the Ohio Agncultural Experi­ History.-Progress (C. 1. 6902) (reg. ment Station from a cross between OSU 234) was developed at the Marshfield 101-3 and Trumbull made at Columbus branch station of the Wisconsin Agricul­ in H)28. OSU 101-3 is a selection from tural Experiment Station. It is the a cross between Portage and Fulcaster. result of a plant selection from a field of The selection that resulted in Butler was .Java wheat made ill 1916. It was dis­ made at \Vooster in 1933. During the tributed for commercial growing in 1921. testing period it was designated as T. ~. 115l. It was distributed to farmers III Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, the fall of 1947. 1,504 acres, grown in Wisconsin and Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Minnesota. 52, lUO acres, grown in Ohio, Indiana, and Synonyms.-Canadian Progress, Nord­ West Virginia. hougen, Prosper. 116 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

FIGURE 71.-A. Triumph and B, Wichita wheals: Spikes and glumes, X 1; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 117

TRIUMPH narrow, sballow; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, midlong. (See fig. 7], B) De.!cription.-Plant winter habit, very vVichita is a very early maturing wheat, early, .short; stem white, strong; spike being about a week earlier than Black­ awned, fusiform to oblong, middense, hull. Its earliness often enables it to erect; glume glabrous, white, midlong, e cape rust damage. it ha. a high test, narrow to midwide; shoulders narrow, weight. Its breadbaking quality is wanting; beaks midwide, acuminate, 2 to satisfactory, being somewhat similar to 5 mm. long; awn 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels that of Blackhull. red, short to midlong, hard, ovate; genn History.-Wichita (C. 1. 11952) (reg. small; crease midwide, shallow; cheeks 337) was developed by the Kansas rounded; brush mid ized, midlong. (See Agricultural Experiment tatioll in co­ fig. 71, A.) operation with the Division of Cereal Triumph is a very early variety with Orops and Disea es from a cross between moderately strong straw. Its quality is Early Blackhull and Tenmarq made in satisfactory for family flour, but it is 1929. The selection that resulted in only fair as a baker's bread flour. Wichita was made hi 1935 and was History.-Triumph (0. 1. 12132) was designated as Kansas No. 2739. Seed developed by Joseph Danne of E l Reno, was increased in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Okla., and distributed by him in 1940. Texas for distribution in the fall of Its parentage is not known (181). 1944. Distribution.-Estimated area in Distribution.-Estimated area ill 1949, 1949, 5,596,200 acres (fig. 72). 3,004,432 acres, grown in six States Synonyms.-Dane's Early Triumph, (fig. 73). Early Dain, Early Premium, Early Tri­ umph, Premium.

FICURE 73.-Disll'ibnlion of Wichita wheal in 1949. Estimated area, 3,004,432 acres. FIGURE 72.-Dislrihution of Triumph wheat in 1949. ESlimated area, 5,596,200 acres. EARLY BLACKJIULL

WICHITA Description.-Early Blackhull differs from Blackhull principally in being about Description.-Plant winter habit, very 8 days earlier and somewhat shorter. In early, short; stem white, midstrong; comparative experiments Early Black­ spike awned, fusiform, middense, inclined; hull has been less hardy and also has glumes glabrous, white with black, mid­ yielded less than Blackhull. It has fair long, narrow to midwide; .. :shoulders milling and baking quality but is somewhat narrow, wanting to oblique; beaks nar­ short in mixing time and low in water row, acuminate, 3 to 5 mm. long; awns 3 absorption. to 8 cm. long; kernels red, short to mid­ History.-Early Blackhull (0. 1. 8856) long, hard, ovate; germ small; crease (reg. 297) was selected from a field of 11 TEClli'l"ICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Blarkhull in 1921 by A. P. Haeberle, of mixing time. Its milling qualit.v is good. C)earFaf;('r, Kans. Owing to various It is about 2 days earlier than rr enmarq. \ i('i~s i tlld(,:-:l, seed [acrea e was slow. In History.-Pawnee ( . 1. 1] 669) (reg. 1928 .\Ir. Hae berle had a 40-acre field. 330) was developed in cooperat.ive ex­ .In December 1933 he reported that 960 periments of the Kansas and Nebraska bu }w) of ::;eed had been old during Agricultural Experiment tations and the t 11(' previous 3 years. Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases Distribulion.-Estimated area in 1949, from a cross between Kawvale and Ten­ 2,106,295 ere (fig. 74) . marq made at fanhattan, Kans., in SynonYlIls.- Early Hardy, Early Kan­ 1928 (169). In the fall of 1931, seed of a , Early Russian, Haebarle, Haeberle'::; Fa plants was sent to Lincoln, ebr. Early. The one de ignated as 4444-3 wa earl ', resistant to h ssian fly, produced a high yield in a single-rod row, and ,vas indi­ cated as very promising at Lincoln in 1932. It continued promising and was entered in the uniform hard red winter regional yield nursery in the fall of 1934 and in field plots at Lincoln, ebr., and lVlanhattan, I ans., in the fall of 1935. It was named Pawnee in 1941 and dis­ tributed in Nebraska in the fall of 1942 and in Kansas in 1943. Dislribution.-EsLimatod area in 19-1-9, 11,120,653 acres (fig. 76).

PONCA Description.-Ponca if; vcry similar to Pawnee in observable characters. The shoulders of the glumes are somewhat wider and often squar near the top of the spike, and the beaks may be slightly longer. Ponca is similar to Pawnee in time of maturity, plant height, strength of straw, to t wight, and resistance to loose smut. It is s uperior in dough­ FIGURE 74.- Dislribulion of Early Black­ handling properties, resistance to leaf hllll " h eat in 1949. ESlimaLed area, ru t, hessian fly, and to hatt ring, but is 2, I 00,295 acres. not so winter-har Iy and is more suscepti­ PAW EE ble to bmit than Pawnee. It has seedling as well as adUlt-plant 1'0 is(,auce to leaf Dc criptioh.-Plant winter habit, early, rUf-l t . It yields about the same. The short; stern white , strong; spike awned, grain does not bleach nor sprout in the fll iform, middense, erect i glumes gla­ h ead so readily as that of awne . broil , \\" hite, short, midwide; shoulders History.-Ponca (C. r. 12128) ,vas narrow to wanting ; b aks narrow, acumi­ developed at the Kansas AgriculLural nate, 3 to 5 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. Experiment Station at Manhattan in IOllg; kerllels red, short, hard, ovate; g rm experiment cooperative with the Bureau ll1idsized t o large; cr ase midwide, m id­ of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural deep; checks rounded; brush small, mid­ ~ngineering and the Bureau of Ento­ long. (See fi g . 75, A.) mology and Plant Quarantine, United Tho sllp erior characterisLics of Pawnee States Department of Agriculture (129) . ar high y ield, good tcst weight, short It was selected from the cross, Kawvale­ .tiff stra,,,, high resistance to loose smut, MarquiUo X Kawvale-Tenmarq, made and moderate resistance to spme races of ill 1935. Its valu was determined in the INlf rust, s tcm rus L, bunt, and he ian fly. cooperative regional testing program, and It is 'oHwwhat s usceptible to ~hattering about 3,000 bushels were distributed by and i 0 Sc ptoria tritici. Its quality for the Kansas and Oklahoma stations in the brellchllakillg is good, although it is fall of 195. It is recommended for east­ Ii yhtly Jaw in water absorption and ern Kansas and Oklahoma. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1 9 4 9 11 9

A

FIGURE 75.-A. Pawnee and B. Comanche wheats: Spikes and glumes. X 1; lernels. X 3. 120 TECHNICAL BULLETfN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

FIGL'RE 76.-Distrihution of Pawnee wheat in 1949. Eetimated area, 11,120,653 acres.

WE STAR

Description.-Plant winter habit, early to midseason, midtall; stem white, mid­ strong; spike awned, fusiform, middense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, narrow; shoulders narrow, wanting; beaks narrow, acuminate, 5 to 15 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 em. long; kernels red, short, hard, ovate; germ small; crease narrow, shallow; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, midlong. Westar has been a high-yielding wheat in tests on the high plains of Texas and has high test weight, excellent milling and baking qualities, and resistance to some races of leaf rust. It is about 3 days earlier than Tenmarq. History.-\Yestar (C. I. 12110) (reg. 340) was developed by the Texas Agri­ cultural Experiment Station at Denton in cooperation with the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases from a cross between Kanred-Hard Federation (sel. 25007) and Temnarq madc in 1020. Thc selec­ tion that resulted in iVestar was made in 1934, and during the testing period it was designated as No. 25-34-116. It FIGURE 77.-Distribution of Westar wheat was increased and distributed in the fall in 1949. EstimaLed area, 2,169,798 acres. of 1944 from the Amarillo Station of the Soil Conservation Service. It is recom­ COMANCHE mended for the Panhandle and plains Description.-Plant winter hahit, early sections of Texas. to midseason, short to midtall; stem Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, white, midstrong; spike awned, obIon!!:, 2,169,798 acres, grown in four States middense, inclined; glumes glabrous, (fig. 77). white, short to midlong, midwide; ·CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 121 shoulders narrow, wanting to elevated; stem white, rnidstrong; spike awned; beaks narrow, acuminate, 5 to 15 mm. oblong to fusiform, middcnse, inclined; long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kcrnels red, glumes glabrous, white, midlong, narro~ ; short to midlong, hard, ovate; germ shoulders narrow, square to elevated; midsized; crease midwidc, middeep to beaks narrow, acuminate, ..... 5 t(j 15 mm. deep; cheeks angular; brush midsized, long; awns 3 to 8 em. lon~; kernels red, midlong. (See fig. 75, B.) short to midlong, hard, oYate; germ The superior characteristics of Co­ midsized; crease midwide, middeep; manche are high yield, good test weight, cheeks rounded; brush midsized, midlong. earliness, stiff straw, excellent milling Quanah is resistant to many races of and baking quality, resistance to many stem rust and leaf rust and bunt or races of bunt, and some resistance to stinking smut but is susceptible to loose leaf and stem rust. It is similar to smut. It is similar to Comanche ill Tenmarq in winter hardiness. general appearance but is slightly shorter History.-Comanehe (C. 1. 11673) and has stronger straw. Milling and (reg. 331) was developed by the Kansas baking qualities are good. Being some­ Agricultural Experiment Station in co­ what more erect in early growth than oDeration with the Division of C2real most hard red winter varieties, Quanah Crops and DiSeases from a cross between is well adapted for winter grazing but is Oro and Tenmarq made in 1928. The less winter-hardy than Comanche. selection that resulted in Comanche was History.-Quanah (C. 1. 12145) re­ made in F5 and designated as Kansas sulted from a compound cross (Mediter­ 2729 (169). It was included in the Uni­ ranean-Hope X Comanche) X (Coman­ form Hard Red Regional che X Honor-Forward). I t was de­ N ursery in the fall of 1936. It was dis­ veloped by the Texas Substation No. () tributed in the fall of 1942 in Kansas, at Denton in cooperation with the Oklahoma, and Texas. Division of Cereal Crops and Disease3. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, The last cross was made in 1939. The 5,931,718 acres (fig. 78). selection that was named Quanah and distributed in the fall of 1950 was carried as 171--13-29 during the testing period (10). It was entered in the Uniform Hard Red Winter Wheat Nursery in the fall of 1946. Distribution.-Quanah is recommended for growing in the central and rolling plains areas of Texas to replace varieties of less desirable milling and baking quality and to give protection from leaf and stem rust. About 350 bushels were distributed in the fall of 1949.

APACHE Descriplion.-Plant winter habit, early, midtall; stem white, slender, weak; spike awned, fusiform, middense, erect to inclined; glumes glabrous, white, mid­ long, narrow to midwide; shoulders nar­ row to midwide, rounded; beaks narrow, acuminate, 3 to 10 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, mid long, hard, ovate to elliptical; germ small; crease narrow, shallow; cheeks rounded; brush small, midlong. Apache is intermediate between Early Blackhull and Comanche in maturity, has a good test weight, and good milling and breadbaking quality. It is not resistant FIGURE 78.-Distribution of Comanche to the rusts or smuts. wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 5,931,718 History.-Apache (C. 1. 12122) was acres. developed from a cross between Cheyenne QUANAH and Early Blackhull made at WOOdward, Okla., about 1932. Bulk seed in the third Description.-Plant winter intermedi­ or fourth generation (Woodward No. ate habit, early to midseason, midtall; 1127) was sent to the Fort Hays Experi- 122 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE ment Station, Hays, Kans., in the fall of midlong, semihard to hard, ovate to 1935. Apache resulted from a single elliptical; germ small; crease narrow, plant selected at Hays in 1937. By shallow; cheeks rounded to square; 19-10 this line had demonstrated high brush small, midlong. productivity and good performance and Marmin is similar to Minturki in was designated as H. C. 40-95. It was winter hardiness and in rosistance to tested in the cooperative regional pro­ stem rust and bunt. It has a higher test gram, and 180 bushels were distributed weight, slightly harder kernels, and lower by the New Mexico Agricultural Station carotenoid content in the grain, in the fall of 1949. Apache was developed History.-Marmin (C. 1. 11502) (reg. cooperatively by the Division of Cereal 328) was developed in cooperative experi­ Crops and Diseases and the Kansas, ments of the Minnesota Ag;ricultural Oklahoma, and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and the Division of Experiment Stations. It is recommended Cereal Crops and Diseases. It is the for growing in northeastern New Mexico. result of a cross between Minturki (winter) and Marquis (spring) made at KIOWA St. Paul in 1922, During the testing period it was designated as II-22-38, Description.-Plant winter habit, early, Minn. No. 2614. midtall; stem white, strong; spike awned, The variety was named, and about fusiform to oblong, middense, inclined; 1,300 bushels of seed were distributed to glumes glabrous, white to black, mid­ farmers in the fall of 1940. long, midwide; shoulders wanting to Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, narrow, oblique; beaks narrow, acumi­ 21,356 acres, grown in Minnesota, Mon­ nate, 2 to 3 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 CIll. tana, Illinois, and North Dakota. long, black; kernels red, midlong, hard, ovate; germ midsized; crease midwide, YOGO middeep; cheeks angular; brush mid­ Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ sized, midlong. season, midtall; stem white, weak; spike The superior characteristics of Kiowa awned, fusiform, middense to lax, nod­ are resistance to lodging, high yield, and ding; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, some resistance to shattering and to bunt. narrow; shoulders wanting to narrow, H has tolerance to stem rust but is sus­ rounding to oblique; beaks 1 to 2 mm. ceptible to loose smut, leaf rust, and hes­ long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, sian fly. Grain of Kiowa is about 1 midlong, semihard to hard, ovate to pound heavier in test weight than that of elliptical; germ small; crease narrow, mid­ Comanche and does not bleach easily. deep; cheeks rounded; brush small, Milling and baking qualities are some­ midlong. what better than those of Pawnee. Y ogo is the most winter-hardy variety History.-Kiowa (C. 1. 12133) was grown in the United States. It is resist­ developed from a cross between Chiefkan ant to some races of bu'nt, and high yield­ and Oro-Tenmarq, the latter a sister of ing in Montana mountain valleys -and in Comanche, at the Kansas Agricultural some sections of the northern Great Experiment Station in cuoperaLion with Plains. It is easily distinguished from the Division of Cereal Crops and Dis­ Turkey wheat by its lax, nodding spikeR. eases. The cross was made at Man­ hattan in 1938 while the selection and early testing was done at the Fort Hays Branch l£xperiment Station, 'Hays. About 1,700 bushels were distributed through the Kansas Crop Improvement Association in the fall of 1950.

MARMIN

Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ season, midtall to tall; stem white, weak; spike awned, fusifofJ.n, midden8c Lo lax, inclined; glumes glabrous, yellowish white, mid long, narrow; shoulders want­ ing to narrow, oblique; beaks 1 to 2 mm. FIGURE 79.-Distrihution of Yogo wheat long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, in 1949. ESLimated area, 562,186 acres. CLASSIFICATION OF WHFjAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 123

History.-Yogo (C. I. 8033) (reg. 272) narrow, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush was produced from a cross (Minturki X small, midlong. Beloglina) X Buffum made in 1919 at Minter is winter-hardy and is moder­ the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Sta­ ately resistant to stem rust and bunt. tion, Manhattan, in a winter-hardiness It has a higher test weight, higher water breeding program, in cooperation with absorption, lower carot.enoid content, the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases. and whiter crumb color than Minturki Head selections from bulk progenies of and Marmin. the cross grown at the Judith Basin History.-Minter (C. 1. 12138) was Branch Station, Moccasin, Mont., in developed by the Minnesota Agricultural 1923, resulted in Yogo. The variety was Experiment Station at St. Paul in co­ first grown on farms in Montana in the operation with the Division of Cereal fall of 1932. Crops and Diseases from a cross between Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Minturki and Hope made in 1931 fol­ .562,186 acres (fig. 79). lowed by one backcross to ]\fillturki. It was designated as Minnesota No. 2713 MINTURKI during the testing period. The South Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station season, midtall; stem white, weak; spike cooperated in testing some of the selec­ awned, fusiform, middense, inclined; tions from this cross. On the basis of glumes glabrous, yellowish white, mid­ these tests Minter was named and dis­ long, narrow; shoulders wanting to nar­ tributed to grower", in eal)h of the two row, oblique; beaks 2 to 5 mm.long; awns States in the fall of 1948. 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, midlong, Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, semihard, ovate to elliptical; germ small; 14,429 acres, grown in South Dakota, crease narrow, shallow to middeep; cheeks Minnesota, Montana, and Iowa. rounded; brush small, midlong. This variety is very winter-hardy and RELIEF is moderately resistant to stem rust, bunt, and flag smut. It resembles Turkey but Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ differs from Turkey principally in having ~eason, midtall to tall; stem white, weak; softer kernels and in being more winter­ spike awned, fusiform, middense to lax, hardy. inclined to nodding; glumes glabrous, History.-Mintllrki (C. 1. 6155) (reg. white, midlong, midwide; shoulders want­ 139) is the result of a cross between Odessa ing to narrow, oblique to elevated; beaks and Turkey, made at the Minnesota Agri­ 2 to 5 IllIIl. long; aWIlS 3 to 8 cm. long; cultural Experiment Station, University kernels red, midlong, hard, ovate to Farm, St. Paul, in 1902. Of the many elliptical; germ small; crease midwide, selections made from the progeny of this middeep; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, cross, two have shown sufficient value to midlong. be named and distributed by the Minne­ Relief differs from Turkey in being sota station. This selection was first taller, in having a longer and laxer spike, known as Minnesota No. 1507 but was darker glumes, shorter beaks, a slightly named Minturki in 1919 (97, pp. 17-28) longer kernel, and in being resistant to when it was first distributed. some races of bunt including dwarf bunt. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 32,591 acres, grown in Minnesota, vVis­ History.-Relief (C. r. 10082) (reg. consin, Montana, and Iowa. 274) was developed from a cross between Synonym.-Minnesota No. 1507. Hussar and a sclection from Turkey (Utah No. 26) made in 1925 at the Utah lII1NTER Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan. The selection that resulted in Relief was Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ made in 1928. It was tested at several season, midtall; stem white, midstrong; stations in the western United States in spike awned, fusiform, middense, in­ 1932 and 1933 under the designation clined; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, 43e21. It showed a high degree of re­ narrow; shoulders narrow, wanting; beaks sistance to the races of bunt that were narrow, acuminate, 3 to 5 mm. long; causing heavy losses in the Cache Valley awns 8 to 10 cm. long; kernels red, mid­ of Utah. It also yielded well in limited long, hard, ovate; germ small;· crease trials and was distributed to a few farmers

...... -- 124 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

for furtJH~r tr~al in the fall of 1932. In bunt and is also resistant to the races of 1 n34 the .... ariety was named and released ordinary bunt present in the West. (or'gc'llcral distribution (207). Wasatch was distributed for growing in Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, in the dwarf-bunt-infested areas of Utah 5,056 acre:;, grown in southern Idaho and of western Montana in 1942. About . and l:tah. 14,000 bushels of certified seed were distributed in tah in 1944. When WASATCH dwarf bunt became prevalent in Douglas Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ County, Wash., seed of " Tasatch was ~ca.."on, rnidtall; stem white, midstrong; shipped in for planting in the fall of spike. aWlled, fusiform, lax, inclined; 1947. gIUIlW:-: glabrous, white, midlong, narro w ; Dislribution.- E stimated area in 1949, :-:houlciPr:-; narrow, wanting; beaks narrow, 303,788 acres (fig. 80). aCllmillat.c, 3 to 5 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 em. IOllg; kernels red, midlong, hard, CHEYENNE o"at('; jl;crm midsized to large; crease midwiclc. middeep; cheeks rounded; brush Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ midsi.zed, midlong. season, short to midtall; stem white, Wasatch h-l resistant to dwarf bunt and slender, midstrong; spike awned, oblong to 1ll0st of the present known races of to fusiform, dense, erect; glumes glabrous, ordinnr.'" bunt. It is moderately winter­ white, midlong, midwide; shoulders mid­ hanl.v, has good straw, and is sati factory wide to wide, oblique to ele'{ated; in quality. beaks 2 to 5 mm. long; k.ernels red, mid­ Ilistory. 'Yasatch (C. 1. 11925) was long, hard, ovate to elliptical; germ :3elected at the Utah Agricultural Experi­ small; crease midv,ri de, middeep; cheeks lllent :-:ltation at Logan, from a cross rounding to angular; brush midsized, bel weell Relief and Ridit, both hard r~d midlong. (See fig. 81, A.) "inLer wheats. It, was carried during the This variety differs fr

/

A B , .

FIGURE 81.--A, Cheyenne and B, Turkey wheats: Spikes and gluwes. X 1; kernels, X 3 126 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

erine. One hundred years later their descendants, desiring further advan­ tages to be obtained in America, emigrated to the middle Great Plains and settled principally in Kansas. The greater number were from the Molochna colonies in northern Taurida, but son~ were from the Crimea proper and otli'(!rs from Ekaterinoslav. The first settlements in Kansas were made in 1873 near Newton, Halstead, and Moundridge. Each family brought over' a bushel or more of Crimean wheat for seed, and from this seed was grown the first crop of Kansas hard win~ FIGt,RE 82.-Distribution of Cheyenne ter wheat. Bernard 'Warkentin, a wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 1,940,510 miller, who erected mills at Newton acres. and Halstead, was chiefly instrumental TURKEY in introducing the Turkey wheat, bu,t Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ in this pioneer movement of the Men­ season, mid tall ; stem white, slender, llOnites . two other men were associ­ weak; spike awned, fusiform, mid dense, ated-Christian Krehbiel, first a farm­ inclinf'd; glumes glabrous, white, midJong, er, but who later, in 1886, erected a midwidf'; shoulders wanting to narrow, mill at Moundridge, and C. B. Schmidt, oblique; beaks 2 to 8 mIn. long; awns 3 to acting as immigration agent for the 8 ('m. long; kernels red, midlong, hard, Santa Fe Railroad. ovate to elliptical; germ small; crease Crimean is the name properly used for narrow to midwide, middeep; cheeks this whole group of hard red winter rounded; brush small, midlong. (See wheats. It also has been used as a fig. 81, B.) varietal name for separate introductions. This variety is winter-hardy and The first introduction of the wheat under drought resistant. The first leaves are this name is thought to have been made narrow and of a dark-green color. by Carleton in 1900 (211, P. 1. 5635) History.-Turkey (C. L 1558) (reg. from Kurman-Kemelchi, Central Crimea, 113) is the name most commonly used for Russia. l\[any other names have been the Crimean group of hard winter wheats used for wheat similar to Turkey. grown in the United States. Many his­ Kharkof, for the most part, is a wheat toril's of this wheat have been written. morphologically identical with Turkey. That recorded by Carleton (36, pp. Several introductions were made which 398-399) is given here, however, as he came from a region much farther north, introduced many strains and spent much and it was therefore thought to be a tlml' in an attempt to determine accu­ much more winter-hardy wheat than rately the history of the wheat ... Turkey. The Kharkof wheat was first The original home of hard winter introduced into the United States by wheat is in the area of Russia just north M. A. Carleton in 1900, from Starobelsk, and east of the Black Sea and north of Kharkof, Russia (211, P. 1. 5641, C. 1. the Caucasus Mountains. The area 1442). Two other strains (P. 1. 7467, includes chiefly the governments of C. 1. 1583; and P. 1. 7786, C. 1. 2193, or Taurida (including the Crimea), Ekate­ C.1. 6206) were obtained in 1901 through rinoslav, Kharkof, and Stavropol, and A. Boenicke, president of the Kharkof the Don and Kuban territories. In Agricultural Society. The latter of these that region the wheat is generally two introductions contained a consider­ called simply winter wheat, but is able portion of long-beaked strains more known locally by various names as similar to Beloglina than the true Krimka (Crimean), I{harkof, Beloglina, Kharkof. A fourth lot of Kharkof lJlta, Torgova; etc. * * * (P. 1. 9125, C. 1. 2208), consisting of The history of hard winter wheat [in 450 bushels, was received in 1902 from the United States] is closely associated the Starobelsk district through E. A. with the movement of Russian Men­ Bessey. For several years these strains nonite immigrants to the middle Great of Kharkof wheat gave slightly better re­ Plains. These people originally went sults tharr the ordinary Turkey wheat of from west Prussia to southern Russia Kansas and became quite widely dis­ abou t 1770 because of certain land tributed in that State, as well as in grants and civil privileges offered by iVyoming and Montana. In recent the Government under Empress Cath- years, however, little difference in hard i- CLASSIFICATION OF \\'HEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 127

FIGURE 83.-Distribution of Turkey wheat in 1949. Estimated. area, 3,311,617 acres,

Hess or yield has been observed, except Turkey. It is a hardy, high-yielding in northern Wyoming and in Montana, strain, grown largely in Montana. where it still consistently yields better History.-Karmont (C. 1. (700) (reg. than Turkey. 244) was developed in cooperative ex~ Malakof is a name under which many periments of the Montana Agricultural strains of Crimean wheat have been intro­ Experiment Station and the Division of duced and grown. 'Wheat of this name Cereal Crops and Diseases, at the Judith is thought to have been first distributed Basin Branch Station, Moccasin. It by the Ratekin Seed Co., Shenandoah, is the result of a head selection made Iowa, in the early nineties from seed that from Kharkof (C. 1. 1583) in 1911. was said to have come from Russia. Karmont was grown commercially in Distribution.-The ae:r:eage of Turkey Montana for the first time in 1921. wheat in 1949, including that grown Di8iribution.-Estimatcd area in 1919, under the name Kharkof and many other 511,371 acres (fig. 84). synonyms, is shown in figure 83. Tur~ey is still a widely grown variety, occupymg 3,311,617 acres in 1949. In 1919 it occupied 21,598,200 acres, comprising .:.~: ...... :. . 26.93 percent of all wheat...... Synonyms.-Alberta Red, Argentine, ••• :0:,,= Bulgarian, Crimean, Hundred-and-One, '. Hungarian, Improved Turkey, Kharkof, Malakof, Minnesota Reliable, Pioneer Turkey, Red Russian, Romanella, Rus­ sian, Taruanian, Theiss, Turkey Red, Turkish Red, Ulta, Zuni. FIGURE 84.-Distrihution of Karmont KARMONT wheat in 1949. Estimateu area, 511, 371 Description.-Karmont is similar to acres, 260503-54--9 128 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

MONTANA NO. 36 periment Station and the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases. The original Description.-This variety cannot be selection was made in 1924 from a plot distinguished from Turkey and Kharkof, of Turkey (S. Dak. 144, C. 1. 3684) at but it proved superior in winter hardiness Lincoln. Seed for the plot had been and yield in experiments in Montana. inoculated with bunt, and an epidemic History.-Montana No. 36 (C. 1. 5549) of stem rust also was created in the spring. (reg. 146) is the result of a plant selected Heads were selected from plants that from Kharkof at the Montana Agricul­ were free of bunt and that showed the tural Experiment Station, Bozeman, and lowest infection of rust. In succeeding distributed in the fall of 1915. years these selections were inoculated Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, with bunt, and only the resistant ones 15,952 acres, grown in Montana. were continued. Nebred (Nebraska No. 1063) was named in the fall of 1938 when NEBRASKA NO. 60 about 1,100 bushels were distributed. Description.-Nebraska No. 60 is nearly Disiributwn.-Estimated area in 1949, identical with Turkey in all taxonomic 1,457,375 acres, grown in nine States characters but will produce heads when (fig. 85). seeded later in the spring than Turkey. SIOUX Historll.-Nebraska No. 60 (C. 1. 6250) Description.-Sioux is similar to N ebred (reg. 147) is a selection of Turkey wheat in winter hardiness, bunt resistance, yield, developed at the NebraRka Agricultural and quality. Experiment Station. It was distributed History.-Siollx (C. 1. 12142) was for commercial growing in l.he fall of selected at the North Platte (Nebraska) 1918 because of its relatively high Substation in 1939 from a cross between yields. Cheyenne and Turkey (170). The cross Distribution.-Estimated area in 1919, was made at Lincoln. Sioux was devel­ 39,717 acres, grown in Nebraska, Okla­ oped in experiments cooperative between homa, and Iowa. the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the Division of Cereal Crops NEBRED and Diseases. It was distributed in the fall of 1951 and recommended for growing Description.-Plants of Nebred differ in central and western Nebraska. from those of Turkey in being slightly earlier, shorter, and stronger and in hav­ RIO ing a glaucous color. Nebred is resistant to the races of bunt known to be present Description.-Rio differs from Turkey in Nebraska and is winter-hardy. It is only in having slightly shorter stems and sllscept-ible to stem and leaf rllst but in being resistant to many races of bunt. seems to be able to produce a better crop Hislory.-Rio (C. 1. 10061) (reg. 275) when infected than many other varieties. is the result of a head selected from History.-Nebred (C. 1. 10094) (reg .. Argentine (C. 1. 1569), a Crimean wheat 321) was developed in cooperative experi­ obtained from the Marseille (France) ments of the Nebraska Agricultural Ex- grain exchange by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1900. The selection was made in 1920 at Moro, Oreg., in cooperative investigations be­ tween the Oregon AgriculLural Experi­ ment Station and the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases. It is resistant to many races of bunt and gives high yields of a good quality of grain. Rio was first distributed to farmers in Sherman County, Oreg., in 1931. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 114,948 acres, grown in Washington, Oregon, and California. Probably much of the acreage grown as Turkey in the Pacific NorLhwest is really Rio.

RELIANT Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ season, midtall; stem white, midstrong; FIGURE 85.-Distribution of Nebred wheat spike awned, fusiform, middense, in­ in 1949. Estimated area, 1,457,375 acres. clined; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 129

\

A B

FIGURE 86.-A. Tenmarq and B, BlackhuH wheats; Spikes and glumes. X 1; kernels. X 3. 130 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE narrow to midwide; shoulders narrow, kernels red, short to midlong, hard, "anting; beaks narrow, acuminate, 5 ovate; germ small to midsized; crease to 8 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; mid wide, middeep; cheeks rounded to kerllPIR red, mirllong, hard, ovate; germ angular; brush midsized, midlong. (See mid~ized; crease midwide, middeep; fig. 86 A.) chepks rounded; brush small, mid long. TenIllarq differs from Kanred in bcing Rdiant has some resistance to leaf earlier and less winter-hardy and in rUKt. Its milling and breadbaking quality having stronger stems and shorter kernels, is poor. as well as resistance to some races of HiBtory.-Reliant (C. 1. 12144) was stem and leaf rust. 6elpcted from a cross Kamed X l3lackhull Hislory.-Tenmarq (C. 1. (036) (reg. made in 1024 hy Joseph Danne of El 2(4) was produced from a hybrid between Reno, Okla., and distributed by him Marquis and P-I066, the latter a sister in 1040. selection of Kallrcd made. from Crimean Disiribution.-Estimated area in 10·W, (C. I. 1435). The cross was made in 2,130 acres, grown in OklaholIla. 1017 at l\Ianhattan, Kans., in cooperative experiments betweon the Kansas Agri­ IOTUIIK cnltural Experiment Station and· the Dtscription.-Ioturk is similar to Tur­ Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases. key, except for being slightly later and in Tenmarq is the result of a plant selection being resistant to some races of bunt. made in 11)21. It was released for com­ HI8Iory.-Iotllrk (C. 1. 11388) (reg. mercial growing in 1932. 260) is a selection from Turkey made by Distriblltion.-Estimated area in 1040, the Farm-Crop Section of the Iowa Agri­ 2,002,645 acres (fig. 87). ('ultural Experiment Station, Ames. It SHERMAN "as di.~tributed for commercial growing abont l026. Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Distriblltion.-Estimated area in 1049, seaHpn, midtall; stem white, weak to 1,762 acres, grown in Iowa and Nebraska. midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ dense to lax, inclined, easily shattered; TENMARQ gIll Illes glabrous, yellowish white, mid­ D,scription.-Plant winter habit, mid­ long, narrow; shoulders wanting to spaRon, midtall; stem white, slender, narrow, oblique to square; beaks 3 to midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ 30 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; dense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, kern!'ls red, midlong, semihard, ovate to midlong, rnidwide; shoulders wanting to . elliptical; germ small; crease narrow, rnidwidc, oblique to elevated; beaks 3 to shallow; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, 30 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; midlong. Sherman differs from Turkey chiefly in having stronger stems, more easily shattered glumes, longer beaks, and softer kernels, and in being resistauG to some races of bunt. History.-Sherman (C. 1. 4430) (reg. 249) was developed in cooperative ex­ periments between the Oregon Agri­ cultural Experiment Station and the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases at the Sherman Branch Experiment Station at Moro. It is the result of a double cross between Budapest X Turkey and Zimmerman X Turkey made about 1908. The selection resulting in Sherman was made in 11)15 at Moccasin, Mont. It was distributed in southern Idaho by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station in 1928. Distriblltion.-Estimated area in 1040, 39,490 acres, grown in southern Idaho.

K"ANRED Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ FIGURE 87.-Dietribution of Tenmarq season, midtall; stem white, weak; wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 2,902,645 spike awned, fusiform, mid dense, iIlclined; acres. glumes glabrous, white, midlong, mid- CLASSIFICATION OF WIII~AT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 131

wirlo; shoulders narrow, oblique to ele­ UTAH KANRED vated; beaks 3 to 25 lIlnl. long; awns Description.-Plant winter habit, lllid­ 3 to 18 Clll. long; kerncls dark red, JIlid­ long, hard, ovate to elliptical; germ season, midtall; stem white, weak; spike awned, fnsiform, middellse to lax, nod­ small; crea~e narrow to rnidwide, mid-' deep; cheeks rounded; brush small, ding; glume~ glabrolls, 1'ellowish wi th lIlidloilg. brown stripes, mid long, narrow to mid­ wide; shoulders narrow to midwide, Kanred is very similar to Turkey, hut oblique to slightly elevated; hpak~ vari­ it is slightly more winter-hardy and able, 3 to 20 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 em. slightly earlier and can be distinguished long; kemels red, midlong, hard, ovate from that variety by its longer bcaks to elliptical; germ small; crease narfOW on the outer glumes and its resistance to to lIIidwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; some races of both leaf and stem rust. brush sml111, midlong. It is equal to Turkey in milling and Utah Kanred differs from Kanred in breadmaking value. having longer, laxer, and more nodding Ilistory.-Kamed (C. 1. 5140) (reg. spikes, darker glurnes, and more variable 140) is the product of a single head and shorter beaks, and in being le~s selected from Crimeall- (C. 1. 1435), winter-hardy. which had been introduced into the History.-Tn experiments at the Nephi United States from Russia by the Dry-Farm Substation, Nephi, Utah, this United States Department of Agriculture. wheat proved to be a high-yielding variety The head from which it descended was and was distributed in 1!J22. The original olle of 554 selected in 1906 by the botany source of this variety is not knOlvn. department of the Kansas Agricllltural 'Vhen distributed, it was thought to be Experiment Station (175). In 1!J11 the 1(l1llred and, having b('cn commercially more promising strains were included ill grown as Kanred for lUallY years, is IIOW experiments by the agronomy department designated as Utah Kanred (C.!. 11608) of the Kansas station, and several of (reg. 302). them, including Kanred, were grown in Distnbution.-Estimated area in 1!J49, field plots. In 1916 it was discovered to 42,962 acres, grown in Utah. be rust-resistant. During these years of Synonym.-Kanred. preliminary testing it was known by the number P-762. In 1917 it was named WISCONSIN PEDIGREE NO.2 Kanred (a contraction of l(ansas He d) . . Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ About 4,000 acres were seeded to this season, midtall; stem faintly purple, variety in the fall of 1!1l7. slender, weak; spike awned, fusiform, middense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, mid long, narrow to midwide; shoulders wanting to narrow, oblique; beaks 2 to 8 nllll. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, mid long, semihard to hard, ovate to elliptical; germ small; crease narrow to midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush midlong. The variety differs from Turkey in sometimes having faintly purple stems and slightly softer kernels. History.-Wisconsin Pedigree No. 2 (C. 1. 6683) (reg. 148) is a selection of Turkey developed by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station and rlistributed by it in E1l8. Distribution.-Estimatcd area in 194!J, 015 acres, grown in Illinois. SIBLEY 81 FIGUItE 88.-Distribution of Kanred wheat Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ in 1949. ESLimated area, 252,049 acres. season, midtall; stem purple, weak to midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ dense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, Dislribution.-The estimated area of Illidlong, nafrow to midwide; shoulders Kanred in 1U19 was 100,300 acres and in midwide, wanting to oblique to square; tCJ24, 4,314,9()2 acres. In 1\)4\) the beaks 2 to 25 Illlll. long; awns 3 to 8 em. estimated area was 252,04\) acres (fig. 88). long, sometimes purple; kernels red, Synonym.-P-762. midlong, semihard to hard, elliptical; 132 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE germ small to midsized; crease midwide, stripes on the surface or sometimes are middeep; cheeks rounded; brush midwide, almost entirely black. middeep. The variety shatters easily. History.-Blackhull (C. 1. (251) (reg. It is resistant to some races of bunt. 142) was originated by Earl G. Clark (39), History.-Several hundred heads were of Sedgwick, Kans., as a selection from a selected from a field of Sibley at the field of Turkey. He states: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Sta­ The Clark's Black Hull wheat is a tion in 1921. In 1927 a number of wheats wonderful hardy variety of wheat that including selection 81 from Sibley were I have developed from three black tested on the farm of Earl Estil at heads found in 1912. It has proven Carrier, Okla. This selection showed up superior to all other varieties of winter "ell and was distributed in 1 930 as wheat. Sibley 81 (C. I. 10084). Distrib1dion.-Estimated area in 19-19, Blackhull was first distribu1ed by Mr. 7,000 acres, grown in Oklahoma and Clark in the fall of 1917. A selected strain Texas. was distributed as Superhard Rlackhull in 1925. As it usually is not possible to IOWIN tell this strain from Blackhull, it is con­ Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ sidered a synonym of that variety. seaRon to late, midtall to tall; stem purple Distribut'ion.-Estimated area in 1949, and white, mostly purple, weak tu mid­ 1,786,402 acres (fig. 89). strong; spike awned, fusiform, middense, Synonym.~.-Black Chaff, Clark's Black nodding; gill meR glahrons, white, mid­ Hull, Superhard, Superhard Blackhull. long, midwide; shoulders midwide, oblique to elevated; beaks 5 to 25 mm. 101lg; awns 5 to 9 cm. long; kernels red, midlong, semihard to hard, elliptical; gerrJl small; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, midlong. Iowin differs from Turkey in being taller and later, in having longer beaks, purple ~tems, and slightly softer kernels, and in being moderately resistant to stern rust. •• if: History.-Iowin (C. I. 10017) (reg. 267) was developed by the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. It is the result of a plant selection from Theiss wheat and was first commercially grown in 1930. The advantages of Iowin are stem rust resist­ ance and high yield under Iowa condi­ tions. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 94,873 acres, grown in six States, the largest acreages being in Iowa and Kansas. FIGURE 89.-Distribution of Blackhull llLACKHULL wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 1,786,492 Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ acres. season, midtall; stem white, midstrong; BLUE JACKET spike awned, fusiform, middense, in­ Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ clined; glumes glabrous, white, usually season, midtall; stem white, strong; spikes with black stripes, midlong, midwide; awned, fusiform, middense, erect; glumes shoulders wanting to narrow, ohlique; glabrous, white with black, midlong, nar­ beaks 1 to 3 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. row; shoulders narrow, wanting; beaks long, sometimes black; kernels red, mid­ narrow, acuminate, 2 to 3 mm. long; long, semihard to hard, usually elliptical; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, mid­ germ small to midsized; crease narrow, long, hard, ovate; germ midsized; crease shallow; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, midwide, shallow; cheeks rounded; brush midlong. (See fig. 86, B.) midsized, midlong. Blackhull is a few days earlier than Blue Jacket is about a day earlier, has Turkey and has a softer kernel. It is dis­ stiffer straw, and is slightly taller than tinctly less hardy Lhan Turkey. Except BlackhulL It also develops a more in­ under certain unfavorable weather condi­ tense black coloring in the glumes. It tions, the glumes .of Blackhull have black has a higher test weight than Blackhull. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 133

Its baking quality is fair, being between Approximately 1,000 bushels of seed were Early Blackhull and Blackhull. . sold by Mr. Blackburn in the fall of 1949. History.-Blue Jacket (C. I. 12502) was selected from a field. of Superhard SPINKCOTA Blackhull by Earl G. Clark, farmer-wheat breeder, of Sedgwick, Kans. It was first Descriptwn.-Plant'Spring habit, mid­ distributed in 1946. Limited tests on se:;son, tall; stem white, midstrong; Clark's 40-H-I0, called "Improved Blue spIke awned, fusiform, very lax, inclined; Jacket," indicate that it has somewhat glumes glabrous, white. long, narrow; better quality than the original strain. shoulders narrow, wanting to sqnare; Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949 beaks narrow, acute, 0.5 nun. long; 124,015 acres, grown in Kansas, Okla~ awns 3 to 6 cm. long; kernels red, mid­ homa, Texas, New Mexico, and Iowa. long, hard, elliptical; germ midsized' crease midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; ORIENTA brush small, short. Spinkcota has a long lax speltoid type Description.-Plant winter habit, late, of head, especially during the early tall; stem white, midstrong; spike awned, heading stage. It is sllsceptible to the fusiform, lax, inclined; glumes glabrous, rusts. This variety has poor bread­ white, midlong, narrow to midwide; making properties. shoulders narrow to wanting; beaks nar­ History.-Spinkcota (C. I. 12375) was row, acuminate, 2 to 3 mm. long; awns developed by T. G. Overly of Redfield, 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, midlong, S. Dak., and distributed by him in 19-14. semihard to hard, ovate to elliptical, back The parentage is reported as (Preston fiat to swayed; germ midsized; crease sel. X red d urum) X Preston sel. narrow, middeep; cheeks angular; brush midsized, short to midlong. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Orienta is a day or two earlier than 15,197 acres, grown in South Dakota Turkey and has some resistance to leaf and Minnesota. rust. It has a short dough-mixing time and its bread-baking quality is poor. STURGEON History.-Orienta (C. I. 12522) was developed by the farmer-wheat breeder, Description.-Plant spring habit, early Joseph Danne, of EI Reno, Okla. Its to midseasori, short to midtall; stem white, parentage has not been divulged by its midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ originator. It was designated as C 29- dense to lax, inclined; glumes glabrous, 5-12 until 1948, when it was named white, midlong, narrow; shoulders narrow, Orienta and released for commercial rounded to elevated; beaks 1 to 3 mm. growing. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, short, semihard to hard, ovate; germ 810 acres, grown in Oklahoma. midsized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush small to mid­ STAFFORD sized, midlong. Sturgeon is resistant to powdery Description.-Plant winter habit, late, mildew. tall; stem white, midstrong; spike awned, History.-Sturgeon (C. 1. 11703) (reg. fusiform, lax, inclined; glumcs glabrous, 278) was produced by the Wisconsin white, midlong to long, midwide; shoul­ Agricultural Experiment Station (Penin­ ders wanting to oblique; beaks midwide, sular Branch) at Sturgeon Bay, Wis. acuminate, 2 to 3 mm. long; awns 3 to It is the result of a cross between Progress 8 cm. long; kernels red, midlong to long, and Marquis made in 1924. The plant semihard, ovate to elliptical; germ mid­ selection that resulted in Sturgeon was sized to large; crease midwide, mid deep ; made in 1927. It was included in field cheeks angular; brush midsized, midlong. plots in 1931 and was distributed for Stafford has some resistance to stem commercial growing in 1934. rust and a good test weight. Its bread­ Sturgeon was distributed to replace baking quality is questionable. It has a Progress, which makes flour of poor very short mixing time and is low in water bread baking quality. Sturgeon kernels absorption and in loaf volume. more nearly resemble those of Marquis Iiistory.-Stafford (C. I. 12706) re­ than those of the Progress parent. Flour sulted from a single plant selected from' from Sturgeon is superior to that from a field of Blackhull wheat by S. E. Black­ Progress, but does not equal that from burn, of Stafford County, Kans. The Marquis in quality for bread. single plant appeared not to be affected Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, by rust, while the rest of the field was 1,071 acres, grown in Minnesota and heavily infested and was badly lodged. Wisconsin. 134 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U .. S. DEPT. OF .A:GRICULTURE

A .8

FIGURE 90.- A. Ceres and B,.Henry wheats: Spikes and glumes, X l; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 135

J{OMAR inclined; glumes glabrous, white, micl­ long, midwide; should:!rs miciwidc, Dcscription.-Komar diiIera from Ceres t'ounded to elevat.ed; beaks 2 to 10 mm. in having shorter beaks (1 ·to 3 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 em. long; kernels red, long), weaker stems, slightly greater midJong, hard, ovate; germ small; crea~;e resistance to stem rust, and slightly midwide shallow to middeep; chc('ks harder kernels. ' usually ~nguLar; brush midsized, 8hort. History.-Komar (C. 1. 8004) (reg .. (Sce fig. 90, A.) 270) was produced (221) from the same Ceres is moderately resistant to some cross between Marquis and Rota from races of stem rust and to drought. which Ceres was selected. The cross waS Ilistory.-Ceres (C. 1. 6900) (reg. 241) made in 1918 at the North Dakota was developed (221) at the N urth Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo. Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station The selection designated as 1656.84, from a cross between Marquis and Kota which resulted in Romar, was made in made in ] 9 18. It was distributed in 1923. North Dakota in 1926 and was widely Komar was distributed by the Iowa grown because of its resistance to stern Agricultural Experiment Station in 1930 rust and drought, early maturity, high and by the Colorado Agricultural Ex­ yield, and good quality. It is, howe\'cr, periment Station in 1931, but it is no susceptible to bunt and loose smut. longer recommended in Colorado be­ When race. of stem rust to which Cere' cause of its grain quality, which is was susceptible became prevalent, be­ objectionable to the . ginning about 1935, the acreage of Ceres Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, was rapidly replaced by Thatcher. 59,991 acres, grown in six States, the Distribution.-Estimated aroa in 1949, largest acreage being in Idaho. 1,184,625 acres (fig. 91). Synonyms.- o. 1656, N. D. Ns. No. 1656.84. CANUS Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ season, midtall; stem white, mid trong to strong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ dense, erect to inclined; glumes glabrous, white midlong, midwide; shoulders nar­ row, 'elevated; beaks luidwide, acute, 5 to to mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, short to rnidlong, hard, ovate to elliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks angular; brush mid;';ized, midlong. Canus is resistant to foot rots and to bunt or tinking smut, but it is u­ ceptible to ru ts. It is among the spring wheat varieties more resistant to low temperatures in the seedling stage. It has satisfact.ory milling and breadmaking properties. History.-Canus (C. r. 11637) (C. A. N. 1260) was developed from a cross between l\larquis and Ranred made in 1918. FlGURE 91.-Distribution of Ceres wheat in Solections made at the University of ] 949. Estima ted area, 1,181,625 acres. :i'.finnesota were taken to Canada and a further election that resulted in Canus VESTA \Va.." made at the University of Alberta, Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ Edmonton, in 1929 (150). It was season, tall; stem whH,e, weak; spike named and di tributed in that province awned, fusifonn, lax, inclined; glumes in 1934. It was brought from Alberta glabrous, white, midlong to long, narrow i1lto Montana about 1940. to midwide; shoulders wanting; beaks Dislribution.-Estimated area in 1949, narrow, acuminate, 5 to 20 mm. long; 13,10.,j acres in Montana. awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, mid­ CERES long, hard, ovate; germ small; crease narrow, shallow; cheeks rounded; brush Dl'scription.-Plant spring habit, mid­ small, midlong. :-~a~on, midtall; stem white, midstrong; Vesta is resistant to stem rust (except spike awned, fusiform, middense, erect to race 15B) but is susceptible to leaf rust. 136 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

It is resistant to shattering but has weak middense, erect to inclined, very resistant straw. Its breadbaking quality is ac­ to shattering; glumes glabrous, white, ceptable but is not equal to that of the midlong, midwide to wide; shoulders mid­ better hard red spring varieties. wide, rounded to elevated; beaks 2 to 10 History.-Vesta (C. I. 11712) was de­ mm. long; awns 2 to 6 cm. long; kernels veloped by the North Dakota Agricul­ red, midlong, hard, ovate; germ small; tural Experiment Station in cooperation crease wide, middeep; cheeks angular; with the Division of Cereal Crops and brush large, long. r >iseases from a cross between Ceres and Under field conditions in the United a selection from a Hope-Florence cross States Hope is nearly immune from stem made in 1929 (222). It was designated rust (except race 15B), flag smut, ·and as. Ns. 2592 during the testing period and loose smut, and is resistant to some races was first included in the Uniform Re­ of leaf rust and powdery mildew. From gionalHard Red Spring Wheat Nursery in spring seeding it also is very resistant to 1935. It was distributed in North Da­ bunt. It is susceptible to frost and kota in 1942. heat injury and to the black chaff disease. Distribution.- Estimated area in 1949, History.-Hope (C. 1. 8178) (reg. 240) 106,062 acres, grown in North Dakota, was developed by E. S. McFadden (138) :\Tontana, South Dakota, and Minnesota. from a cross made in 1916 between Yaroslav and Marquis wheat. HENRY The cross was made at Brookings, S. Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ Dak., while Mr. McFadden was employed season, midtall; stem purple, midstrong; by the South Dakota Agricultural Experi­ 8pike awned, fusiform, lax, inclined; ment Station. Because of the wide glumes glabrous, white, midlong, narrow; cross, much sterility and shriveled grain shoulders narrow, wanting to oblique; were encountered in the early generations. heak~ narrow, acuminate, 1 to 5 mm. Mechanical separation was employed, and long; awns 5 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, only the plumpest grain saved. For midlong to long, semihard to hard, ovate; several years the hybrid material was germ small to midsized; crease midwide, carried in bulk at the Highmore Sub­ llliddeep; cheeks rounded; brush mid­ station, Highmore, S. Dak., where Mr. sized, midlong. (See fig. 90, B.) McFadden was conducting experiments Henry is resistant to stem rust (except in cooperation with the Division of Cereal race I5B), bunt, and is moderately resist­ Crops and Diseases. However, the selec­ ant to leaf rust but is moderately sus­ tion that resulted in Hope was made in ceptible to loose smut. It is about 3 1923 by Mr. McFadden on his farm near day" later than Thatcher and is a high­ W·ebster, S. Dak., where it was increased yielding variety. The variety sometimes and distributed in 1927. Hope was the shows the false black chaff or brown first variety of hard red spring wheat to necrosis often encountered in Hope de­ have the stem-rust reaction of emmer rivatives. Because of its soft-wheat and has becn used widely as a parent in characteristics, it must be specially breeding to transfer this reaction to other handled to obtain satisfactory milling varieties of hard red spring wheat. and baking results. When specially Distribution.-N ot reported grown in handled it produces bread of good loaf 1949. volume and texture. PILOT lIistory.-Henry (C. 1. 12265) was Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ developed by the Wisconsin Agricultural season, midtall; leaves pubescent; stem Experiment Station in cooperation with purple, weak; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ the Division of Cereal Crops and Dis­ dense to lax, inclined; glumes glabrous, eases from a cross made in 1933 between white, midlong, midwide; shoulders mid­ a selection from Illinois 1 X Hope and a wide, rounded to elevated; beaks 2 to 8 selection from Webster X Resaca. It mm. long; awns 3 to 8 em. long; kernels wa~ designated as H157a-4-12-8 during red, midlong, hard, ovate; germ small; thc testing period and was released to crease midwide, mid deep ; cheeks apgular; farmers in Wisconsin in 1944. brush midsized, midlong. (See fig. 92, A.) Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, Pilot is resistant to stem rust (except 168,679 acres, grown in 12 States, the race 15B) and to some races of leaf rust, largest acreages being in Wisconsin, bunt, and powdery mildew. It has good l\linnesota, and North Dakota. milling and bread making quality. HOPE History.-Pilot (C. 1. 11428) (reg. 322) was developed by the Division of Cereal Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ Crops and Diseases and the North season, midtall; leaves pubescent; stem Dakota and other State agricultural purp1e, midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, experiment stations cooperating in the CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 137

A

FICURE 92.-A, Pilot and B. Rival wheats: Spikes and glurnes, X 1; kernels, X 3. l3g TF.CHNTCAL BULJ;F,TIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Regiollal Hard Red Spring-Wheat Im­ experiments of the North Dakota Agri­ provement Program. It is the result of a cultural Exp('rimellt Station and the Divi­ cross between Hope and Ceres made at sion of Cereal Crops and DiseaseH. Strain l'fandan, N. Dak., in 1921i. The selection !l.54.2.13, given as Ns. No. 2ti:H, was one (~. ~o. 1008) waR made in F3 in 1028. of the hest of lIlany selections tested from Reselert iOlls were marie ill I H:3:3 at Lang­ this cross and named Hival. About i25 dOli, );. Dak. Eighty of the 100 head bushels were dh;tributed ill the spring of f!hels of ~. No. 109813 were di8tributed in North Dakota for seeding in l\);~\). Selection N. No. 10\)8-1:3 (C. 1. I I !l4il) , pure for resistance to leaf rust alld mildew, was distributed about 1\)41 tu replace the original variety. j)i.~tnbution.-Estimated area ill H)49, .~ iO,lii 5 aeres (fig. 93).

FIGURE 94.-Distribution of Hival wheat in 1949. ESlimated area, 2,930,903 acres.

Mida Description.-Plant spring habit, rnid­ season, midtall; stern purple, midstrong to strong; spike awned, fusiform, lax to middense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, midwide; shoulders nar­ row, elevated; beaks narrow, acuminate, 5 to 15 mm. long; awns 5 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, midlong to long, hard, ovate; germ midsizl'{l to large; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush mid­ sized, lllidloll~. (See fig. !l5, A.) Mida sometimes has hlackish awns, FJGUH'" 93.-f)j~lrjhulion of Pilot wheal in strong straw, large kernels, and high test 1919. ERlimateu area, 570,675 acres. weight. It is resistant to stem rust RIVAL (except race 15B), to some races of leaf rust, and to hunt. It is sURceptible to De .• cription.-Plant spring habit, mid­ loose smut and shattering. Its quality season, lIlidtall; stem purple, midstrong; for breadhakillg is good. leaves puheseeni; spike awned, fusiform, History.-Mida (C. I. 12008) (reg. 338) rniddense, inclined; glumes glabrous, was developed by the North Dakota Agri­ white, midlong, midwide; shoulders mid­ cultural Experiment Station in coopera­ \dde, rounded t.o elevated; beak-s 5 t.o 20 tion with the DiviRioIl of Cereal Crops mm. long; awns;) to 8 CIIl. long; kernels and Diseases from a cross between Mer­ r<'d, midlong, hard, ovatc; germ midHized; cury and Ceres-Double Cros~ (R. L. 625) ('rcase mid wide, middeep; check,; angular; (223). Mercury was developed at the hru~h midsized to large, mi(i1ong. (Sec North Dakota Agricultural Experiment fig. \)2, n.) Station from a cross between Ceres and Rival is resistant to stem rust (except a selection from Hope-Florence. Double race 15H) and to some races of leaf rust Cross was a selection frOIll the Marquis­ amI to sevNal races of hUIIt. It has good Iumillo X Marquis-Kame!! hybrid from quality but is somewhat susceptible to which Thatcher was selected. The cross shattering ami to sprouting during a wet that resulted in Mida was made in the harvest. greenhouse at Fargo in December 1933. History.-Itival (C. 1. 11 iOS) (reg. ;)2\)) An F5 selection Ns. No. 282U made in is a selection from a cross made in I \)2!) 1\):36 was Ilall}('d Mida in I!JH and 15,000 between Cerps and a If ope X Florence Imshels distributed to farmers in North hyhrid. It was developed in cooperative Dakota ill that year. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 139

I' I

A B

!i'IGURE 9S.-A, Mida and B. Lee wheats: Spikes and gluu~es. X 1; kernels. X 3. 140 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crops and Diseases from a cross between Hope and Timstein made in 193\). The Timstein parent is a leaf- and stem-rust­ resistant selection from a cross between T. tirnopheevi and Steillwedel made by J. T. Pridham of New South Wales, Australia, and was brought to this country by S. L. Macindoe, his associate. Lee was named in 1!J50 and distributed in the spring of 1951. It was licensed in Canada in 1950.

NIGGEIl

FIGURE 96.-Distribution of Miua wheat ill Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ 1949. Estimated area, 5,55'1,156 acres. season, mid tall to tall; stem purple, mid­ strong to strong; spike awned, fusiform, Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, middense, inclined; glumes glabrous, 5,S5l,156 acres (fig. 96). white, long, wide; shoulders'midwide, oblique to square; beaks 1 to 2 mm. long; PREMIER awns 3 to 9 cm. long; kernels red, long, soft, ovate to elliptical, t:3lightly humped; Descri ption. - Premier. is very similar germ midsized; crease midwide, deep, to Mida except in belllg resisLant to pitted; cheeks rounded to angular; loose smut and in being somewhat less brush midsized, midlollg. susceptible to shattering and less desir­ Nigger differs from Rudy chiefly in able in breadbaking quality. having shorter beaks. History.-Premier (C. 1. 11940) (Ns. History.-Nigger (C. 1. 5366) (reg. 157) 2772) was developed at the North Dakota wheat is "said to have been first dis­ Agricultural Experiment Station from tributed from the farm of a colored man the same cross as Mida. A 2-pOUlld in Darke County, Ohio" (103, p. 4). sample of Ns. 2772 was sent from Fargo It was grown in experiments by the to El Centro, Calif., in the fall of 1937, • Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station as and the' seed was returned to North early as 1884. Dakota to plant 7 acres in 1938. Distribution.-Estimated area in 194\), Distribntion.-Estimatcd area in 194-1), 116,101 acres, grown in six States. 165,614 acres, grown in North Dakota, Synonyrn.-Winter King. Minnesota, l\lontana, and Idaho. NAnoB LEE Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Description.-Plant spring habit, early, season, midtaU; stem purple, midstrong short; stem white, midstrong; spike to strong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ a\\ ned, oblong to fusiform, middense, dense, inclined; glumes glabrous, white, erect; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, long, midwide ; shoulders wanting to midwide; shoulders midwide, oblique; narrow, rounded to square; beaks 1 to 3 beaks 5 to 15 mm. long; awns 2 to 6 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 em. long; ~er.nels em. long; kernels red, midlong, hard, red, midlong to long, soft, ellIptical; ovate; germ midsized to large; crease germ midsized; crease mirlwicle, deep; midv,idc, middeep; cheeks angular; brush cheeks angular; brush midsized, long. midsized, midlong. (See fig. \)5, B.) History.~Nabob (C. I. 886\) (reg. Lee is resistant to leaf rust and to 262) was developed at the "Ohio Agri­ the rareS of stem rust present in North cultural Experiment Station. It is the America except race 15B. It is sus­ result of a selection from Nigger made in cpptible to loose smut, bUilt, scab, mildew, 1918. It was distributcd for commercial and bacterial black chaff. It is the first growing in 1!J28. cOIllTll(>rcial variety resistant under field Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, conditions to the races of leaf rust now 681 acres, grown in Ohio. @'evalpnt in the spring-wheat region. The grain of Lee is slightly higher in RUDY test 'Veight than Thatcher. It has a high protein content and good milling Descriplion.-Plant winter habit, mid­ and bread baking properties. season to late, mid tall to tall; stem purple, History.-Lee (C. I. 12488) (Minn. midstrong; spike awned, linear-fusiform, 2776) was developed at the Minnesota lax, inclined to nodding; glumes glabrous, Agricultural Experiment Station in co­ yellowish white with black-striped mar­ operation with the Division of Cereal gins, midlong, wide; shoulders midwide, CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 141 usually oblique; beaks 1 to 5 mm. long; to 6 cm. long; kernels white, midlong, awns 3 to. 8 cm. long; kernels red, long, hard, ovate, humped; germ midsized; soft, usually elliptical j germ small; crease midwide, shallOW; chceks angular; crease wide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush midsized, midlong. brush midsized, midlong. . Sevier is not pure as commercially Rudy is distinct in having long, soft grown. It is very distirrtit and peculiar, kernels and black stripes on the glumes. as it represents an almost intermediate History.-The origin of Rudy (C. 1. form between common and wheat, 4873) (reI;. 155) has been recorded by, and for that reason it also somewhat re­ Carleton (35, p. 65) as follows: sembles poulard wheat. It has the One of the best of the more recently laterally compressed spike, sharply keeled produced varieties is the Rudy, which glumes, and large hard kernels of durum was originated at Troy, Ohio, in 1871, and the short, hollow stem, short awns, by M. Rudy, through a careful prop­ and midlong brush of . agation of the seed from a superioJ; History.-The origin of Sevier (C. 1. and distinct stool of wheat found in a 6247) (reg. 168) is undetermined. It may large field. be the result of a natural field hybrid between common and durum wheat. It Rudy wheat was noCincluded in the was first recorded as commercially grown varietal experiments of the Ohio Agri­ in Utah by Stewart (199, p. :'385) in the cultural Experiment Station until 1892. summer of 1918 and first listed as Ku­ Distribution.-Estimated area in 1049, banka durum wheat. It was found not 163,777 acres, grown in Indiana, Illinois, to be Kubanka and was also determined and Ohio. to be more nearly a common than a Synonyrn.-R1aek Mediterranean. durum wheat. As the variety had been grown in Sevier County, Utah, for 25 REQUA years or more, it was named Sevier by Stewart (198, p. 25). Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, season, midtall; stems purple and white, 1,002 acres, grown in Utah. very weak; spike awned, oblong-fusiform, lax, nodding; glumes glabrous, brown, GOENS long, narrow to midwide; shoulders nar­ row, rounded to oblique; beaks 2 to 10 Description."--Plant winter habit, early mm. long; awns 3 to 8 cm. long; kernels to midseason, midtall; stem faintly white, midlong, soft, ovate to elliptical; purple, strong; spikc awned, fusiform, germ small; crease narrow, middeep; middense, inclined, easily shattereq; cheeks rounded; brush small, midlong. glumes glabrous, brown, midlong to long, History.-Requa (C. 1. 11554) was midwide; shoulders narrow, usually dcveloped from heads selected in 1926 oblique; beaks 1 to 3 mm. long; awns 2 from a field of Turkey by E. Requa, a to 7 crn. long; kernels red, mid long, soft, farmer living near Pomeroy, Wash. The ovatc; germ midsized to large; crease original increase that was distributed midwide, middeep to deep, sometimes about 1931 consisted of a mixture of pitted; cheeks usually rounded; brush red and white kernels. Mr. Requa midsized, midlong. selected, increased, and distributed a History.-Goens (C. 1. 4857) (rcg. 172), white-grain type about 1935. Char­ under the names "Red Chaff" and "Red acteristics of the selection and the fact Chaff Bearded," has long been known in that Mr. Requa grew Goldcoin in the the United States. According to Klip­ hay strip around his fields suggest that part (124, p. 739), this wheat was "culti­ Requa was from a natural cross betwcen vated in Clermont county [OhioJ for up­ Turkey and Goldcoin. ward of 50 years." In his report, which Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, was written in 1857, he further states 112,060 acres, grown in Washington, that the origin of the name Goens is Oregon, and Idaho. undetermined. It "was introduced into Muskingum County [Ohio] by John Dent, SEVIER in 1808." The Red Chaff wheat men­ Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ tioned above, however, may be only the season, midtall; stem white, slender, weak Mediterranean variety, as Goens has to midstrong; spike awned, somewhat been said to be a cross between Mediter­ laterally compressed, oblong, dense, erect ranean and Gipsy made by a man named to inclined; glumes glabrous, light brown, Goens in Ohio and afterward developed midlong, midwide; shoulders midwide, by his son. Concerning the introduction oblique; beaks 1 to 3 mm. ,long; awns 2 of the variety into Shelby County, Ind., 112 'IECHNICAL BU LLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

A B

FIGl I'll<; 97.-A. Goens and B, MediLerranean wheals: Spikes and gIumes, X 1; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 143

HUf'l~eU G. EasL, county agent, Shelby­ midlong, narrow to nUdwide; shoulder,.,; ville, Inci., has wriLten as folLowS: 13 narrow to mid wide, rounded to devateu; Answering your inquiry regarding beaks 2 to 10 mm. long; awns ~ to 8 ("Ill. Shelby Red Chaff wheat. The year long; kernels red, short, hard, ovale; germ 1887 a man named IIall , living at midsized; crease midwids. middnep; brush FountainLown, in 1,his county, pur­ Inicisizcd, 111idlong. chased a carload of wheat in Paulding Iobred is moderaLely resistant to loaf and stem rust, but is susceptibl~ to County, Ohio. From this start th.~s variety has become the common varl­ shat Lering. ety grown throughout the county and IIislory.-Iobred (C.!, (934) (reg. 236) has been known locally as Hall, Red was produced at the Iowa Agricultural Hall, Red Chaff, and Red Chaff Experiment Stati()l1, Ames, in cooperation Bearded. with lhe Division of Cereal Crops and Disca. es. It is a. election of Ballal (Iowa Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, o. 16(1) made in 1915. It wa,; fir~t 110,470 acres, grown in Ohio, Indiana, distributed for commercial growi llg in Illinois, Mis ouri, and KenLucky. 1923. Synonyms.-Baldwin, Cummings, Distribution.-Estimated area ill 19·1\), Dunlap, Early Red, Early Ripe, Going, 68 427 acres, grown in sev('n St aics, t.he Hall Owen, Red Chaff, Red Chaff laI~gest acreages being in KaJl::;as, J owa, Bea;ded, Red Hall, Red Rudy, Shelhy and Nebraska. Red Charf. SlInonyms,-IIybrcd, Iowa Bred, Red PRAIRI.E Russian. Description.-Plant w~nter habit, lll.id­ IOHARDI season midtaU; stem whIte, strong; spIke awned: fusiform, inclined; Descriplion.-Plant winler habit, mid­ midde~lse, season midtalt; sLem ·whitc, midstroIlg; glumes glabrous, brown, 1ludlong, Ilar~ow to midwide; houlders narrow to wantmg; spike ~ awned, fusiform, lI1iddcn~e, in­ beaks narrow 5 Lo 8 mm. long; awns 5 to clined; glullles glabrous, l~rown, mld~ollg, midwicle; shoulders wantIllg to oblIq ne; 10 ClIl. long' kernels red, short to midlong, soft, ovate; germ mid 'ized; crease mid­ beaks 8 to 15 mm. long; awn,; 3 to 8 em. wide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush long; kernels red, short La Illi clIo Ill!!, h~rd, midsized, midlong. . ovate; germ .Jllidsized; crease m.ld \ylde, midcieep; cheeks rounded; brll~h 1l1)ci~lzed, Prairie is resistant to mosaIC and mod­ midlong. erately resistant to tem rust 1?ut i~ su::;­ ceptible to loose smut. It lS wll1ter­ Iohardi is more winter-hardy than hardy and has good sLraw and good sofL­ Iobred and has the stilT straw and Htem­ wheat quality. ru ·t TesilSLallcc of that parent. It h; ~imi­ History.-Prairie (C. 1. 12371) was lar to Turkey in date of rnatmity. It develope'd from one of 250 mosaic­ gi yes good yields and ~a~ a good test weight, and acceptable lllllllllg and hread­ resistant plants selected in 1935 from a baking qualiLy. field of Illinois No. 2 on the farm of IIisloflj.-Iohardi (C. 12510) wa') Ralph Allen, Delav~~, Ill. Th~ selection r. that resulted in Pralne was deslgnated as develope'd at the Iowa AgriclllLural Ex­ D47. In 1940 400 head rows from D47 periment.. SLation in cooperation wi.Lh the were grown an'd found to differ in resist­ Divisiou of Cereal Crops and DIseases allce to stem rust sLrength of straw, and from a cross made in 1935 between other characLer:s: even outstanding Iobred and Minhardi (30). During the strains were bulked for planting in the testi ng period it was designated as fall of 1942 and foundation seed increased I-M516. It was distributed in the fall from these' was disLributed in the fall of of 1948. ] !)43 (23). Distribulion.-Estimated area in 1949, Distribution.-Estimatcd area in 1949, 449 acres, grown in Iowa. 44 945 acres grown in Illinois, Indiana, BRILL an'd rVIissourL IOBRED Description.-Plant winter habit, early to midseasol1 short to midtall; stem white Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ and purple, ,~'eak; spike aWll<:d, fusiform, Heason to late midtall to tall; stem white, midd l1He inclined to noddmg:; glull)eR midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ glabrous, 'yellowish bro.wu, midlong, nar­ rip-nse, erect to inclined, easily, shattered; row; shoulders wantlllg to rounded; glumes glabrous, brown, sometimes black, beak 1 to 5 mm. long; aWllS 3 to G CIll. 13 Correspondence of the Division of Cereal Crops long; kernels reel,. midlollg, hard! el.lip­ and Diseases. March 1, 1922. tical; germ midsized; crease mldwlde, 260503-54--10 144 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

~hallow to middeepi cheeks rounded; wheat. The predominating type is awned brush midsized, midlong. and has brown glumes with black stripes. Brill is somewhllt resistant to yellow Hiatory.-Redhull (C. 1. 11534) (reg. brrry,' ~cab, leaf rust, stem rust, flag 304) is reported to have been developed :-

FIGURE 98.-Distribution of Mediterranean wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 252,145 acres. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 145 r,trong, coarse; spike awned, fusiform, experiment station to as many farmers, middense. to lax, erect to inclined, easily 1 bushel being furnished each farmer Hhattercd; glumes glabrous, brown, long, (195) . midwide; shoulders wanting. to narrow, Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, roundpd to oblique; beaks 1 to 8 mm: 14,266 acres, grown in Michigan. long; awns 3 to 8 em. long; kernels red, long, soft, elliptical; germ midsized; AUSTIN crease mid wide, middeep; checks rounded; Dcscription.-Plant intermediate habit, brush midsized, midlong. (See fig. 07, midseason to late, tall; stem white, B.) midstrong; spike awned, fusiform, mid­ llistory.-Referellce to the Mediterra­ dense, inclined; glumes glabrous, brown, nean (C. 1. 5303) (reg. 180) variety in midlong, narrow to rnidwiuc; should<>rs American literature begins in 1842, when wanting to narrow; beaks narrow, acu­ the variety was widely grown, with the minate, 5 to 8 mm. long; awns 5 to 8 em. st.atement that it had been introduced long; kernels red, midlong, soft, ovate; ~ollle years before. One writer says (92, germ midsizedj crease midwide, middeepj p. 228) it was introduced into Maryland checks rounded; brush midsized to large, from the Mediterranean Sea re~ion in mid\ong. 1837. In 1863 it was recorded US6, p. Austin is resistant to many races of 501) that it was introduced in 1810 from stem rust and loose SIllUt and to ~ome Genoa, Italy, by John Gordon, of Wil­ races of leaf rust. It has a semi·erect­ mington, Del. It came into prominence growth habit and is not winter-hardy in New York between 1845 and 1855, north of Texas. It is similar to Medi­ from which time its culture spread rapidly terranean in quality. westward. Its early popularity appar­ Ilistory.-Austill (C. 1. 12346) (reg. ently was gained because it was more 342) was developed from a cross between resistant to hessian fly damage than other Mediterranean and Hope made in 1928 varieties. It was found also to be several at the Texas Agricultural Expcriment days earlier than the winter wheats com­ Station at College Station, ill cooperation monly grown at that time, such as Blue­ with the Division of Cereal Crops and stem, Red Bluestem, and Golden Straw. Diseases. Bulk hybrid populations were It was called rust resistant and was rec­ grown at Texas substations for several ommended as being a high yielder of generations "and at the Kansas and especially heavy grain and adapted to Nebraska stations in 1934 and 1035 in poorer soils than most varieties. White order to eliminate the more winter­ wheats being the standard, it was vigor­ tender types before selections were made. ously criticized, especially by millers be­ A selection, designated as 41-16-3-3 cause its red kernels yielded a dark flour during the testing period, was named and because of the thickness of the bran. Austin and distributed to Texas wheat This disapproval persisted for at least 25 growers in 1042. It reachcd its largest years, but after the introduction of roller acreage ill 1946 when an estimated 750,000 mills it became recognized as a good milling wheat. Distribution.-Estimated area in 10,10, 252,145 acres (fig. 98). Synonyms.-Acme, Bluestem, Farmers Trust, Key's Prolific, Lancaster Red, Lehigh, Miller, Missouri Bluestem, Mort­ gage Lifter, Red Chaff, Red Mediterra­ nean, Red Sea, Red Top, Standby, Swamp. RED ROCK Description.-Red Rock is similar to Mediterranean except for having stronger sterns; a slightly longer, wider, and laxer spike; and a harder kernel with a wider and deeper crease. It is resistant to flag smut. History.-Red Rock (C. 1. 5597) (reg. 181) was originated at the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station from ~n individual kernel picked out of a whIte wheat called Plvmouth Rock. The selection was first sown in the fall of 1908. FIGURE 99.-Distributioll of Austin wheal In 1914, 60 bushels were sent out by the in 1949. Estimated area, 218,211 acres. 146 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

aere'S were grown. It was recommended that they were not harvested. Beginning for growing in the area south of Dallas with the summer crop of 1952, Kentana and Fort Vi'orth, Tex. Its value in the constituted a major part of the wheat ('ouvol of the rusts has decreased since crop in Mexico and should greatly re­ th{ appearance of new races to which duce the amount of inoculum of race 15B it is ~u~ceJltiLle. iJIat mav overwinter ill :l\1exico and Distriblition.-Estimated area in 1949, southern ·Texas. This will greatly reduce 218,211 acres, grown in Texas and the danger of epidemics of race 15B in Oklahoma (fig. 99). the wheat-growing areas of the United States and Canada. KENTANA Kentana was estimated grown on Description.~Plant spring habit, early 40,000 acres iu :Mexico in the winter to midseason, midtall; stem white, mid­ crop of 1951-52. A few bushels were "trong to strong; spike awned, fusiform to brought to ~outhern Texa~ and plan/,ed oblong, middense, inclined; glumes gla­ in the fall of 1951. brous, brown, long, midwide; shoulder narrow, wanting to elevated; beak nar­ SUPREMO row, acuminate, 3 mm. long; kernels red, Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ midlong, soft to semihard, ovate to season, inidtall; stern white, midstrong; dliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, spike awned, fusiform to oblong, mid­ middeep; cheeks rounded; brush mid- dense, inclined; glumes glabrous, brown, 8ized, midlong. midlong to long, midwide; shoulders !Centana is a high-yielding variety in wanting to narrow; beaks narrow, aCUlhi­ Mexico, especially from fall seeding. nate, 3 to 5 mm. long; awns 2 to 6 cm. It is highly resistant to the races of stem long; kernels red, midlong to long, soft to rust prevalent in the 'Western Hemisphere, semihard, elliptical; germ midsized; crease including race 15B, and is moderately midwide, middeep; cheeks angular; brush resistant to stripe rust, but is sus­ midsized, midlong. ceptible to leaf rust. It is a true spring Supremo is very resistant to stem rust variety and is not winter-hardy. (except race 15B), leaf rust, stripe rust, History.-Kentana was dcveloped in and loose smut. It has produced well in the wheat-improvement program of the central and northern Mexico and in Oficina de Estudios Especiales of the southern Texas. It is not winter-hardy Recretaria de Agricultura y Ganadcria of and should not be grown north of Temple, Mexico in collaboration with the Rocke­ Tex. The variety is somewhat ~usceptible felIf'r Foundation. It resulted from a to shattering in dry windy areas. ('ross between Kenya C990G, P. 1. History.-Supromo (C. 1. 12531) (Roca­ 118896, R. F. 324, and Mentana, made at mex 211) was developed from the cross Chapiugo, lVrexico, in the spring of 1945. Surpresa X (Hope-Mediterranean) made By growing t.wo generations each year and at College Station, Tex., in 1936 in work selecting only stem-rust-resistant plants, cooperative between the Division of F5 lines pure for resistance to stem rust Cereal Crops and Diseases and the Texas were grown during the summer of 1947. Agricultural Experiment Station. The The best of these were entered in yield Rockefeller Foundation, in cooperation trials in four regional nurseries ill the with the Mexican Ministry of Agriculture, fall of 1947. Yield trials from both fall obtained several lines from College Sta­ and spring plantings were made each tion in 1944 for testing in Mexico. year. The first field increase was mad~ in Selection 3651-29-1 from the above cross the winter crop of 1948-49. Followmg was very promising and after being fur­ further testing for rust reaction and ther purified was distributed in Mexico adaptation, Kentana was increased under in 1948 as Supremo (24). Fifty bushels control in the summer of 1949. It was of seed were returned to southern Texas released for seeding in commercial in­ for seeding in the fall of 1!J49. It is esti­ crease fields in the four major wheat-grow­ mated that 250,000 acres were grown in ing regions of Mexico for the wintAr Mexico in 1950. crop of ] 949-50. Thus the variAty w/los growing on commercial increase fieloR in CLUB WHEAT the FlO generation just 5 years after the cross was made. The plants of club wheat may be of Kentana, grown in commercial fieldR in either winter Qr spring habit and either the SUlLmer of 1951, showed only tall or short. The stems usually are stiff subepidermal pustules of stem ru:"t when and strong. The spikes usually are awn­ adjacf'nt fields of Supremo, whiCh had less but may be awned, and are elliptical, been resistant to all races of stem fIlst oblong, or sometimes clavate or club­ prevalent in North America except race shaped, short, usually less than 2}12 inches 15B, were so badly damaged by rust in length, very compact, and laterally CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 147 compressed. The spikeJets usually con­ tain five .fertile florets and spread at nearly a right angle to the rachis. The kernels of club wheat are small and laterally compressed or "pi'nched" be­ cause of crowding ill the compact spikes. Most Club wheat kernels have a small, short brush and a narrow, very shallow crease. The grain may be either white or red and that of most varieties i~ of rather poor quality for breadmaking and is used largeJy for cake and pastry . The club wheats are distinguished from common wheats bv the shorter and denser, laterally conlpressed spikes. The varieties of wheat grown in the eastern part of the United States often referred to as club because of- having clavate spikes do not belong to this group, but are common wheats. Distribution of club wheats in the United States in 1949 is shown in figure FIGl.'RE lOO.-Distribution of club wheals 100. in 1949. Estimated area, 1,256,544 acres. KEY TO THE VARiETIES OF CLUB WHEAT 1a. Spike awnleted. 2a. Glumes glabrous. 3a. Glumes white. 4a.1Kernels white (T. compaclllm humboldtii (Koern.) StoL) , Kernels soft to semihard. Winter habit. Awnlets 1 to 5 mm. long; plant short. Stern white and purple; susceptible to Page bunt ______AliceL ______148 Stem white. Susceptible to bunt ______Elgin______14\) Resistant to bunt ______Elmar______149 Awnlets 2 to 10 mIll. long; plant midtall to taIL ______Hybrid 128______14\) Awnlets 3 to 15 mm. long; plant midtall to talL ______HymaL______14\) Albit ______._____ 150 Spring habit. Plant short, early; spike oblong to elavate __ Poso 48______150 Plant midtall to tall, midseason; spike el- liptical to clavate ___ ---- ______Big Club 43______150 Kernels semihard to hard. Spring intermediate habit. Spike elliptical to oblong ______Hybrid 63______150 3b. Glumes brown. 4a. Kernels white (T. compactllm rufulum (Koern.) Sto1.) . Kernels soft to semihard. Spring habit. Spike oblong to fusiform; glumes dark brown ______. ______Jenkin______151 Spike elliptical to clavate. Glumes light brown ______Redchaff______151 lb. Spike awned. 2a. Glumes glabrous. 3a. Glumes white. 4a. Kernels white (T. cornpacillm erinaceum (Hornem.) Koern.). Kernels semihard to hard. Spring intermediate habit ______. ______{Jtac______151 148 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DESCRIPTION, HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION. AND SYNONYMY OF CLUB WHEAT .VARIETIES ALICEL Description.- Plant winter habit, mid­ season, short; stem white and purple, very strong; spike awnleted, elliptical, very dense, erect; glumes glabrous, white, ::;hort, narrow to midwide ; shoulders wanting to narrow, oblique; beaks mid­ wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets wanting to few, 1 to 5 mm. long; kernels white, short, soft, ovate, irregular, humped, flattened; germ small to mid­ sized; crease narrow, shallow; cheeks rounded to angular; brush midsized, midloug. Alicel is very susceptible to bunt. History.-Alicel (C. 1. 11700) was developed in cooperative investigations of the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseal:ies and the Oregon Agricultural FIGURE 101.- Distribu Lion of Alicel and Experiment Station, from a cross between Elgin wheats in 1949. Estima ted area, (joldeoin and Hybrid 128 made at the 830.p96 acres.

A B

FIGURE l02.-A, Elgin and B, Hybrid 128 wheats: Spikes and glumes, X 1; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 149

Sherman Branch Experiment Station in humped; germ midsized; crease midwide, 1919. Selection 1998A5-1-1 made in sballow; cheeks angular: brush small, 1924 was distributed in the Grande Ronde midlong. (See fig. 102, B.) Valley in eastern Oregon in the fall of Hybrid 128 is very susceptible to bunt. 1932. . Ht"story.-Hybrid 128 )C. I. 4512) (reg. Dislribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 190) was originated at the Washington 233,803 . acres (fig. 101). Since Alicel Agricultural Experiment Station, Pull­ and Elgin are so similar and Elgin is man. Its history has been recorded by replacing Alicel, the acreage of the two Schafer and Gaines (178, p. 8) as follows: varieties is combined. Hybrid 128 is a cross between Jones ELGIN Winter Fife and Little Club. It was originated in 1899 by Prof. W. J. Description.-Elgin is very similar to Spillman. After being selected and Alicel except in being more uniform and tested for 8 years, it was distributed in having white stems. It is a very to ranchers for further testing. productive club wheat with short, stiff Professor Spillman started his work in straw and excellent milling and soft­ wheat breeding at the Washington Agri­ wheat baking quality. It is very sus­ cultural Experiment Station in 1899. ceptible to bunt. (See fig. 102, A.) History.-EJgin .(C. I. 11755), a selec­ Valuable results were obtained, Hybrid tion made from Alicel in 1932 at the 128 being only one of the varieties that Pendleton Branch Experiment Station, resulted from the first crosses. The Pendleton, Oreg., is more uniform in work was hardly commenced before he plant height and color of straw than left the station, and the important task Alicel and has largely replaced that of making the selections, testing the many variety. strains, and distributing the new varieties Dislribution.-Estimated area in 1949, was left to other workers. His work with wheat" however, resulted in some of the 596,293 acres, grown in four States very earliest discoveries of the funda­ (fig. 101). mental principles of heredity in plant ELMAR breeding. He left Pullman in June 1902, Description.-Elmar is practically and it was not until 1909 that he published identical with Elgin in plant character­ the results of .his studiel::l in hybridization istics and in yield. It has the bunt re­ (193). In the same year he publil::lhed sistance of Hymar, which includes that a more popular bulletin from the Wash­ to dwarf bunt and to several races of ington Agricultural Experiment Statioll, common bunt. It is similar to Elgin in which gave some of the results of his milling behavior but slightly inferior in early experiments (194). baking quality. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, History.-Elmar (C. I. 12392) was 77,899 acres, grown in Washington, developed from a cross of Hymar-Elgin Oregon, and Idaho. backcrossed twice to Elgin. The first cross was made in 1942 and the back­ llYMAR crosses were made in 1943 and in 1944 at Descriplion.-Hymar is very similar Pullman, '\Tash. The most bunt-re­ to Hybrid 128 except in having slightly sistant Fa progeny was thereafter in­ more and longer awn lets and in being creased and distributed in the fall of 1949 slightly later. It is resistant to several by the Washington Agricultural Experi­ races of bunt. ment Station in cooperation with the I-listory.-Hymar (C. I. 11605) (reg. United States Department of Agriculture. 314) was developed in cooperative ex- (217). Approximately 400 bushels were distributed in Washington, 50 bushels in Idaho by the Idaho Agricultural Experi­ ment Station, and 50 bushels in Oregon by the Oregon Agricultural Experimenl: Station. HYBRID 128 Description.-Plant winter habit, mid­ season, midtall to tall; stem white, strong; spike awnleted, elliptical, dense, erect; glumes glabrous, white, short, wide; shoulders narrow, usually rounded; beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets: few, 2 to 10 mm. long; kernels white, FJGURE 103.-DislrihUlion of IIymar wheat short, soft, ovate to oval, irregular, 'in 194,9. Estimated area, 269,880 acres. 150 TECHNICAL BULLETIN· 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

ppriments of the Washington Agricultural rived from Martin-White Federation1 Experiment Station and the Division of X POS06, and Poso 42 from Dawson X ('preal Crops and Diseases. It is the pOS06. Poso 44 distributed in the fall of rt"~ult of a cross between Hybrid 128 and 1945 is no longer grown on a significant 'VIartin made in 1923. The plant selec­ acreage. It was a composite of 67 Fa tion that resulted in Hymar was made in lines derived from (Dawson X POS06) X 1930. It was distributed for commercial (Hope-Baart' X POS03) grown in 1944. production in the fall of 1935. Poso 48 was distributed in the faU of 1948 Distnbution.-Estimated area in 194!l, and comprises most of the Poso acreage 269,880 acres, grown in \Yashington, now grown. Idaho, Montana, and Oregon (fig. 103). Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 14,984 acres, grown in California and ALIHT Utah. This acreage includes all strains of Poso. Description.-Albit differs from Hybrid nIG CLUB 43 128 in having slightly longer spikes, le~s har~h glumes, slightly longer awn­ Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ lets (3 to 15 mm. long), and sometimes season, mid tall to tall; stem white, strong; lightpr green leaves. It is resistant to peduncle curved; spike awnleted, ellipti­ "orne races of bunt but has a slightly cal to clavate, dense, erect; glumes gla­ lower test weight and is more susceptible brous, white, midlong, midwide; shoulders to ~hattcring than is Hybrid 128. mid wide, usually rounded; beaks wide, History.-Albit (C. I. 8275) (reg. 258) obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets few, 2 to 5 \\ as deVl'loped by the Washington Agri­ 111m. long; kernels white, short, soft, rultural Experiment Station in experi­ nearly oval, humped; germ small; crease ments cooperative with the Division of narrow, shallow; cheeks usually angUlar; ('preal Crops and Discases, from a cross brush small, midlong. Big Club 43 is made in 1920 between Hybrid 128 and very similar to Big Club except in being White> Odessa (C. 1. 4655). The selection, resistant to some races of bunt, stom latpr named Albit, was made in 1923 and rust, and hessian fly. It has replaced relea~ed for commercial production in the Big Club and Big Club 37. fall of 1926. History.-Big Club 43 (C. I. 12244) Distributionr-Estimated area in 1949, was developed in the back crossing pro­ 5,fH3 acres, grown in \Yashington, Idaho, gram of the California Agricultural and Oregon. Experiment Station at Davis in coopera­ poso 4B tion with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, and Dfscription.-Plant spring habit, early, the Bureau of Entomology and Plant ~hort; stem white, strong; spike awnleted, Quarantine. [(Hope X Daart ') X Dig dpnse, oblong to clavate; glumes glabrous, Club 2] X (Martin X Big Club 7) 2 was white (sometimes light brown striped), crossed on (Dawson X Big Club ') X rnidlong, midwide; shoulders midwide, (Martin X Dig Club ') 2. A composite rounded; beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. of 144 F3 lines selected for resistance to long; awnlets few, 3 to 15 mm. long; bunt, stem rust, and hessian fly was kernels white, short, soft, ovate, humped, increased for distribution in 1944. trunl'ate; germ rnidlarge to large; crease Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, narrow, shallow; cheeks rounded; brush 40,048 aeres, grown in California and large, short. Utah. Poso 48 is resistant to several races of HYBRID 63 bunt and stem rust and is mixed for resist­ ance to hessian fly but is otherwise sim­ Description.-Plant spring intermedi­ ilar to Poso. It has largely replaced the ate habit, midseason to late, midtall; original Poso and other improved strains stem white, strong; spike awnleted, ellip­ of that variety. tical to oblong, dense, erect; glumes gla­ History.-Poso 48 (C. I. 12691) was brous, white, midlong, narrow to mid­ d(1vdoped in the backcrossing progra!.l wide; shoulders midwide, usually rounded; of the California Agricultural Experiment beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long; awnlets Htation at Davis in cooperation with the few, 3 to 20 mm. long; kernels white, Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases, short, semihard to hard, ovate to ellipti­ Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and cal, humped; germ small; crease narrow, Agricultural Engineering, and Division of shallow; cheeks rounded to angular; brush Cereal and Forage Insect Investi~ations, small, midlong. Bureau of Entomology and Plant l,luaran­ Hybrid 63 is winter-hardy and is dis­ tine. It is a composite of 197 F7 lines tinguished by its rather long narrow dl'rhed from [(Hope-Baart4 X P0803) X glumes and semihard to hard kernels. Poso 412] X Poso 42. Poso 41 was de- IIistory.-Hybrid 63 (C. I. 4510) (reg. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 151

1!)5) was originated at the Washington UTAC Ag;ricultural Experiment Station. It is Description.-Plant spring intE'rhledi­ of hybrid origin, being selected from a ate habit, midseason to late, midtall to cross made by W. J. Spillman in 18!)!) tall; stem white, Illidstrong; spike awned, between Turkey and Little Club. The elliptical, dens~, erect ~o.-:inclined; .glu~es variety was distributed to farmers in 1907 glabrous, whIte, IllHllong, Illldwlde; by tile \Vashington station. Although it shoulders narrow, wanting to ohlique; is a spring wheat, it usually has been beaks 1 to 5 mm. lohg; awns 2 to 5 Clll. grown frolll fall sOlVing. long' kernels white, midlong, scmihard Distribution.-Estimated area in 1()4tl, . to h~rd, ovate, humped; germ midsized; 242 acres, grown in Oregon. crease wide, middeep to deep; cheeks Synonym.-Turkey Hybrid. angular; brush rniclsized, short to midlong. JENK1N HistorlJ.-Utac (C. I. 10045) was de­ veloped by the Utah Agricultural Experi­ Description.-Plant spring habit, late, ment Station at Logan, Utah. It is the tall; stem white, strong; spike awnleted, result of a cross between Dicklow and oblong to fusiform, den"e, erect; glumes Sevier made about 1923. It was dis­ glabrous, brown, lUidlong, midwide; shoul­ tributed to fanners in Utah about 1928. ders midwide, usually rounded; beaks Distnbution.-Estimated area in 19.J-9, broad obtuse, 0.5 rum. long; awn lets few, 50 I acres, grown in Utah. 2 to io lUlU. long; kernels white, short, soft, broadly ovate, humped; germ small; DUIlUlI[ WHEAT erease midwide, middeep to deep, some­ times pitted; cheeks angular to rounded; The plants of durum wheat are of brush small, midlong. spring habit. The peduncle is pithy, at Hlstory.-The origin of Je1lkin (C. I. 5177) (reg. 198) is undetermined. It is known to have been grown in Lhe viciniLy of Wilbur, Lincoln County, Wash., about 1895 (113). By 1!)00 it was grown around \Valla \Valla, \Vasll., and Pendle­ ton, Oreg., and during the next decade it largely replaced other varieties in those sections, being grown from both fall and spring sowing. In this area Jenkin has now rargely been replaced by Federation, Hex, and Elgin. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1!)49, 16,887 acres, grown in Idaho, \Vashing­ ton, and Oregon. REDCIIAFF Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ season to late, midtall; stern white, strong; spike awnleted, elliptical to clavate, dense, erect; glumes glabrous, light brown, mid­ long, midwide; shoulders midwide, usually oblique; beaks wide, obtuse, 0.5 mm.long; aW'llets few, 2 to 10 mm. long; kernels white, short, soft, ovate, humped; germ small, abrupt; crease mid wide, shallow; cheeks usually angular; brush small, ll1idlong. Redchaff differs from Jenkin in being shorter and earlier and in having a more clavate spike and lighter brown glullles. llistory.-The origin of Redchaff (C. 1. 4241) (reg. 1(9) is undetermined. Ac­ cording to Hunter (112), it was an im­ portant variety of club wheat in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and \Vashing­ ton in 1907. Distribution.-Not reported grown in Itl49. Synonyms.-Oregon Red Chaff, Red FIGUItE 104.-Distrihulion oC aurum wheat Chaff Club. in 19,t9. ESLimated area, 3,579,196 acres. 152 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE least in the upper part. The spikes are is in northeastern North Dakota at the compact and laterally compressed, and present time. The area grown outside of hence arc llarrower when seen in a face North Dakota has been greatly reduced view. The glumes are sharply keeled, since 1920. Most of the varieties of and the lemmas are awned except in a durum wheat were introduced from few aWll!p!ol:-> forrns originated by hybridiza­ souLhern Russia and the Mediterranean tion alld which are not in commercial produc­ region, where, exclusive of North Amer­ tion. The awns are long and coarse and are ica, the largest acreage of this class of white, yellow, brown, or black. The wheat is grown. Certain iutwductions, kerllels arc white or red and usually including Kubanka, made by the United rat.her long aud pointed; they are very States Department of Agriculture about hard alld tram,tuceut, makblg the white­ 1900, became popular with farmers in kerneled forms appear amber-colored. the northern Great Plains and prairie The kernels always have a short brush sections, and production increased rap­ and angular cheeks and are the hardest idly. The distribution of durum wheat of all known wheats. in 1949 is shown in figure 104. The The durmll wheats, as already stated, furnish the great bulk of the arf' liomctimes very similar to certain world's supply of wheat for the manu­ poniard varieties. 'The spikes, however, facture of , which is made into lI:~Lla.lly ar(l much thinner, the glumes are macaroni, spaghetti, and similar prod­ longer, and the kernels are longer, more ucts. The production of durum wheat 'leJlder, and usually much harder. in the United States has made possible a Dllrlllll wheat has been widely grown large macaroni industry. ill th .. United States only since about The varieties that are commercially 1900. Tlw durum. wheat area has moved grown are distinguished by the accom­ northward until the center of production panying key.

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF DURUM WHEAT

la. Spikc aWlled. 2a. Glamcs glabrous. 3a. Glumes white. ' [a. Awns white. 5a. Kernels red (Triticum dUT1Lm a.Dine (Koern.) Stol.). Page Kernels short to midlong ______Pentad ______152 '-lh. Awns black. 5a. Kernels white (amber) CT. durum leucomelan Diam .). Kernels very long ______- - _ ------Peliss ______154 3b. Glumes yellow. 4a. Awns white. 5a. Kernels white (amber) (T. durum hordeiforme (Host.) Stol.). Kernels midlong. Beaks 1 to 2 mm. long. Plant very carly______.------NuggeL ______154 Plant early ______- _ ------Vernum ______154 Plant late. Spike oblong to fusiform, mid dense - _ ------Stewart- ____ _ 155 Spike oblong, densc ______Carleton ____ _ 155 Kubanka ____ _ 156 Beaks 1 to 5 mm. long. Plant late. Spike oblong fusiform, middense ______Arnautka_____ 156 Mindum_ _ _ _ _ 158

DESCRIPTION, HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION, elined; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, midwide; shoulders midwide, oblique to A~D SYNONYMY OF DURUM WHEAT elevated; beaks 1 to 2 mm. long; awns VARIETIES white, 5 to 15 cm. long; kernels red, short to midlong, hard, ovate, truncate tip, PENTAD (0-6) humped; germ midsized; crease midwide, shallow; cheeks angular; brush midsized, Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ short. (See fig. 105, A). eason, midtall; stem white, midstrong; Pentad is distinct from all other com­ spike awned, fusiform, middense, in- mercial varieties of durum wheat grown CLASSIFICATION OF WHENI' VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 153

I

A B

FIGURE l05.-A, Pentad and B, StewarL wheals: Spikes and ghunes, X l; kcmels, X 3. 154 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE in the United States because of its red (P. r. 5380) was introduced from Mus­ kernels. The kernels are smaller, more tapha, Algiers, Algeria, by the United llearly square at the brush end and more States Department of Agriculture, in pointed at the germ end than kernels of 1900. The variety was widely dis­ the other durum varieties. Prior to the tributed throughout northern Africa. development of Carleton and Stewart it According to Scofield (183, p. 38), the \\ as the most rust-resistant variety of the original seed was obtained from a mall durum wheats grown in the United States, named Pelissier, who lived near Ponts and therefore it yielded well under COll­ des Issers in the we8tern part of the ditiolls favoring rust. Its quality is in­ Province of Oran and who improved the f('fior, however, to that of the amber yield of this variety by selection. In the durum varieties. It is used largely for United States the variety was first called feed. Pelissier, but the shorter and simpler History.-Pentad (C. 1. 0322) (reg. form Peliss was substituted in 1920. 209) was introduced from Russia in 1903 Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, by the North Dakota Agricultural Ex­ 13,478 acres, grown in Montana and periment Statioll. It was distributed in South Dakota. North Dakota in Hlll. Because of its Syno,nyms.-Black-Bearded Durum. rust r('sistance it gained popularity and Pelissier. has been widely grown in the spring­ NUGGF;T wheat area from late seeding. Because of its poor quality its production has been Description.-Plant spring habit, very opposed by many agencies. The name early, short to rnidtall; stem white, weak; Pentad was first recorded in 1920 (153, spike awned, fusiform, middense, inclined; p.17). glumes glabrous, yellow, midlong, mid­ ])istribution.-Estimatcd area in 1949, wide; shoulders narrow, rounded; beaks 288,762 acres, grown in five States wide, acute, 1 mm. long; awns white, (fig. 106). 8 to 16 cm. long; kernels white (amber), Synonyms.-D-5, D-fife, DurUIIl No. midlong, hard, elliptical; germ midsized; 5, I.add Durum, Red Durum. crease narrow to rnidwide, middeep; cheeks rounded; brush small, midlong. Nugget is an early durum wheat of high quality for making macaroni prod­ ucts. It is not a high-yielding durum varietv. Hislory.-Nuggct (C. 1. 12620) (Ld. 303) is a result of a cross between Ld. 216 and Ld. 240 developed in cooperative < experiments between the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the Division of Cereal Crops and Di8eases - at the Langdon and Fargo, N. Dak., stations. The Ld. 216 parent is a selection from Heiti X Stewart and Ld. 240 is a selection from Mindum X Carleton. The earliness and shortness FIGURE 106.-Distribution of Pentad wheat of Nugget come from the Heiti parent. in 1949. Estimated area, 288,762 acres. Distributed to a few durum-wheat growers by the North Dakota Agricul­ PELISS tural Experiment Station in the spring of Description.-Plant spring habit, mid­ 1950. season, tall; stem white, midstrong; spike VERNUllf awned, broadly fusiform, middense, in­ clined; glumes glabrous, white, long, Description.-Plant spring habit, early, wide; shoulders narrow to midwide, tall; stem white, midstrong; spike awned, oblique to elevated; beaks 1 to 5 mm. oblong, middense, inclined; glumes gla­ long; awns black, 6 to 18 cm. long; brous, yellow, rnidlong, midwide; shoul­ kernels white (amber), vcry long, hard, ders narrow to wanting; beaks midwide, elliptical, curved, humped; germ mid­ acute, 1 mIll. long; awns white, 12 to 18 ~izE'd; crease midwide, middeep; checks em. long; kernels white (amber), midlung, angular; brush small, short. hard, elliptical; germ midsized to large; Peliss is distinct from Kubanka in crease wide, middeep; cheeks angular; hav~,.g whHe rathcr. than yellowish brush small, short. glumE's, black awns, and very long kernels Vernum is about 2 or 3 days earlier that are somewhat curved. . and has shorter, slightly weaker straw History.-Peliss (C. I. 1584) (reg. 210) than Mindum. It i.s resistant to' leaf CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 155 rust and to stem rust except race 15B, 334) resulted from the same backcrossing which beeame prevalent in 1050. Its program as Carleton but from a re­ quality is satisfactory for the making of ciprocal cross. The original cross be­ macaroni. tween Mindum and Vernal emmer was History.-Vernum (C. 1. 12255) was made in 1930. A selected F4 progeny was developed in a backcrossing program in­ backcrossed to Mindun:{ in 1()33, from volving Mindum durum and the rust­ which an F, progeny was again back­ resistant Vernal emmer at the North crossed to Mindum in 1936. An F, Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station selection of this second backcross, or in cooperation v.ith the Division of Cereal Mindllm 3 X Vernal, grown in 1'338, Crops and Diseases. It is the result of was tested as Ld. 111 and later increased backcrossing early stem-rust-resistan t and named Stewart. It was developed selections four times to l\lindurtl to at the J~angdon SUbstation of the North recover the grain quality of Mindum. Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station It was designated as Mindllrn 5 X Vernal, in cooperative experiments with the Ld. 153, during the testing period and Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases was named Vernum and distributed from and was distributed in 1943 (191). the Edgeley Substation in 1047 for grow­ Distriblltion.-Estimated area in 1049, ing in the southern part of the region 1,344,158 acres (fig. 107), where durum wheat is grown. Distnblltion.-Estimated area in 1040, CARLETON 13,392 acres, grown in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Description.-Plant spring habit, late, tall; stem white, strong; spike awned, STEWART oblong, dense, erect; glumes glabrous, _yellow, long, midwide; shoulders narrow to Description.-Plant spring habit, late, wanting, rounded; beaks wide, acute, 1 tall; stem white, midstrong; spike awned, mm. long; awns white, 10 to 18 cm. long; oblong to fusiform, middense, inclined; kernels white (amber), midlong, hard, glumes glabrous, yellow, long, midwide; elliptical; germ midsized to large; crease Rhoulders narrow to wanting, rounded; midwide, middeep; cheeks angular; brush beaks wide, acute, 1 mm. long; awns small, short. white, 10 to ]8 CIIl. long; kernels white Carleton is resistant to stem rust (amber), midlong, hard, elliptical; germ (except race 15B, which became prevalent midsized; lJrease midwide, rniddeep; in 1050) and to many races of leaf rust. cheeks angular; brush small, short. It has stiff coarse straw, erect heads, and (See fig. 105, B.) is 1 or 2 days later in maturity than Stewart is resistant to stem rust Mindum. It has excellent macaroni except race 15B, which became prevalent qnality, and the kernels are shorter than in 1950. It is resistant to leaf rust and those of Mindum. Its awns break off has some resistance to bunt. It is easily at maturity, causing the spikes to similar to Mindum in strength of straw have an irregular appearance. and like Mindum has excellent macaroni History.-Carleton (C.!' 12064) (reg. quality. It is about 1 day later than 333) resulted from a cross between Mindum and more resistant to shattering. Vernal emmer and Milldum durum back­ Its awns are easily broken off at maturity, crossed twice to Mindum. The cross giving the spikes an irregular appearance. History.-Stewart (C. 1. 12066) (reg . .. .

FIGURE 108.-DisLribution of Carleton FIGURE 107.-Distribulion of Stewart wheat wheat in 1949. ESLimated area, 563,762 in 1949. Estimated area, 1,344, 158 acres. acres. 156 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

A B

FIGIJftE 109.-A. Kuhanka and B, Mindum wheals: Spikes and glumes, X 1; kernels, X 3. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 157

Vernal X Mindum was made in 1930. A States Department of Agriculture, from fidcct d F 3 progeny was backcrossed to Ural k Territory, Rus. ia (211, P. r. 56:m) . l\findum in 1932, from which an F. The original seed of this introduction progeny was again backcros ed to Min­ was grown under contract in New ,i\1e.\ico dum in 1936. An F4 progeny of thi and outh Dakota in 1991, and the fol­ second backcross or Vernal X l\{indum 3 lowing year 200 bushel' of ~c c d W('fC grown in 1938 was increased aLd. distributed to many grower~. The dil:'­ 104 and later named Carleton. I twas tribution was Con tinued by the Deparl­ developed at the North Dakota Agri­ ment, up to l\)On. Aside from the di~­ culLural Experiment tation in coopera­ tribution made by the United States tion with the Divi ion of Cereal Crops Department of Agriculture, }1oth the and Diseases and distributed in 1943 orth Dakota and South Dakota F... '­ (101). periment Stations distributed large quan­ Di tribulion.-Estimated area in 1949, tities to growers. 5G3,762 acres, grown in orth Dakota, Distribution.-]~stimated area in 1\)40, Minnesota, and South Dakota (fig. 108). 2 0,438 acres (fig. 110). 1uch of the acreage reported only as ourum also is KUBANK Kubanka. DeSC1·iption.-Plant spring habiL, mid­ Synonyms.- B loturka, Gharno\ ka, season, tall i stcm white, midsLrollg; pike Pererodka, Taganrog, Ycl!m Gharnovka. awned, broadly oblong, very dense, in­ clined to nodding; glumes glabrous, yel­ AIlNAU'f'KA lowish, midlong, wide; shoulders mid­ wide, usually rounded; beaks wide, 1 to Description.- Plant spring habii, mid­ 2 mm. long; awnS white, 6 to 15 em. long; season to late, tall; stem white, mid­ kern Is white (amber), midlong, hard, strong; spik awned, oblouA' to fll~jform, clliptical; germ midsized; crease midwide, middense, nodding; gllltncS glabrous, I;ha11ow; cheeks angular; bru h midsized, yellowish, mid long, midwide; sholllders short. (ce fig. 109, A.) narrow, u , ually oblique; beaks wide, 1 I<:ubanka is more resistant to stem to 5 mm. long;; awn whit, G to 1 CIIl. rust than is Arnautka. It differs from long; kernels while (amber), midlong, Arnautka in having shorter, d n r, and hard, ellipticalj germ midsized; crease more er ct, spikes and shorter beaks and midwide, > hallow; cheek' angular; brlll:lh kernels. It also has better quality than midsized, short. Arnautka. Arnautka differs from Ku ball ka in IIistol·y.-Kubanka (C. I. 1440) (reg. having a longer, narrower, and laxer 215) is of Russian origin. More than a spike, which usually i1S more nodding dozen importations into the United when rip. HtMes have been made. The principal inlrodllcLion of the variety was made in History,- Arnautka (C. L 1494) (reg. 1900 by :1\1. A. Carleton, of the United 213) was first introciuC'cd hy the United tate Department of Agri('ulturo in 1864 (167, p, 27). It was A'fOwn ill 1 65 'r with other varieties of wheat on what ':. ; are now tll grounds of the Department .. ~. .~. of AgriculLur , ncar Fourteenth Street, • :.. •••If. •• ' .. ..•. ~~. Washington, D. C. (17, p. 3). It wa.'j .. !:".. III · distributed to several ections of t.he .•...... ·.·E ': .~ United States, but a. far a known llever •• • , became commercially eslablished. The •• •• basis for the present commercial slock is • • ~ • •• ...... : thought to have l)('en brought by early • .... immigrants from Ibu;sia to :r orth Da­ • • •••• \ kota (35, p. 4D), where it was called ..•• ••-~ \Vild Goose. Distribution from this • • soure by th D ,pa;rtment of Agricul­ ture dates from 1900, when seed (C. 1. •- 1494) wa obtained from T. 1'\. Oium, •• of Li bon, N. Dak. This seed was dis­ tributed with Olat of Kubanka and other -:to- varieties. The Yariety had previously .-.;; become e. tablished, however, in south­ eastern North Dakota, where it early FIGURE llD.-Distribution of Kubanka proved to be well adapted. A more com­ wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 280,438 plete history is given in Technical Bulle­ acres. tin 459 (43). 158 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, (5) ANONYMOUS. 4,046 acres, grown in North Dakota. 1920. NEW WHEAT VARIETIES: Synonyms.-Goose, Johnson, Nicara­ A BRIEF SUMMARY o~' TIlE gua, Pierson, 'Wild Goose. WORK OF THE STATE EX­ PERIMENT STATIONS IN

~IINDU~l BREEDING AND INTRODUC­ ING NEW WHEAT STRAINS. Description.-Mindllm is similar to Amer. ]\filler 48 (11): Arnalltka, except for being slightly el1rlier, 1197-1198. in having slightly weaker straw, Harrower (6) AICHER, L. C. glumes, longer awns, and a shorter or 1920. GROWING IRRIGATED GRAIN nearly absent brush, and in being slightly IN SOUTHERN IDAHO. U. more resistant to stem rust. (See fig. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' 109, B.) Bill. 1103, 28 pp., illus. Hislory.-Tvrindull1 (C. 1. 5296) (reg. (7) ALEFELD, F. 214) was first grown in 1896 in a nursery 1866. LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHE at University Farm, St. Paul, Minn., as FLORA ODER DIE NUTZ­ a head selection from a fidd of comlllon BAREN KULTIVIERTEN GAR­ wheat called Hedgerow. It proved to be TEN- UND FELDGE'VACIISE a rust-resistant strain of durum wheat ]\IITTEI,EUROPA'S. 363 pp. and was distributed to farmers in 1917 Berlin. and named Mindum in 1918 (97, p. 33). (S) ALLEN, H.. L. Distribution.-Estimated area in 1949, 1885. NEW AMt;RICAN FARM 980,(\77 acres, grown in four States (fig. nOOK. New ed., rev. and 111). enl. by L. F. Allen. 530 pp. New York. (9) ApPLETON, F. G. 1855. [WHEAT. LETTER FROM SAN JOSE, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.] U. S. COlllmr. Patents Rpt. IS54 (Agr.): 13S. (10) ATKINS, I. 1\1. 105!. QUANAH WHEAT. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 734, 10 pp., illus. (11) AUSEMUS, E. R., STAKMAN, E. C., HANSON, E. \V., AND OTHERS. 1944. NE WTHAT C II WHE AT. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bul. 166, 20 pp., illus. FIGURE Ill.-Distribution of Mindum (12) AUSTRALIA, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE wheat in 1949. Estimated area, 980,677 AND INDUSTRY. acres. 1!)20. A CLASSIFICATION AND Dt;­ TAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF TilE WHEATS m' LITERATURE CITED A USTRALIA. Austral. Inst. Sci. and Indus. Bul. IS, (1) ANONYMOUS. 4S pp., illus. 187!). A GOOD VARIETY OF WIiEAT. (13) [AUSTHAJ,IA] SPECIAL COMMITTEE [GYPSY.) Rural New ON SEED IMPROVEMENT. Yorker 38: 687, illus. 1923. A CLASSIFICATION AND DE­ (2) TAILED DESCRIPTION 01" 1883. NEW (?) WHEATS. Rural THE MORE IMPORTANT New Yorker 47: 5Ul, WHEATS OF AUSTRALIA. illus. Austral. lnst. Sci. and (3) Indus. Bul. 26, 72 pp., Ul02. "PROSPERITY" WIlgAT. illus. C<.lUntry Gent. 67: 450. (14) BAI,L, C. R., AND CLARK, J. A. (4) 1!)15. VARIETIES OF HARD SPRING 1914. "lIARD FEDERA'l'ION" WHEAT. U. S. Dept. Agr. [WHEAT). Agr. Gaz. N. Farmers' Bul. 680, 20 pp., S. Wales 25: 664. illus. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETJBS GROWN IN 1940 159

(15) BALL, C. R., A~D CLARK, J. A. (25) BOSHNAKIAN, S. l!Jlu. EXPERIMENTS WITH MAR- 1917. THE COllPARATIVE E~'n­ . QUIS WHEAT. U. S. Dept. CIENCY OF INDEXES OF Agr. Dept. Uu!. 400, 40 DENSITY, AND A NEW CO­ pp., illus. EFFICIENT FOR MEASUR­ (lG) --- AND CLARK, J. A. ING SQUxitEIIEADEDNESS l!Jlu. MARQUIS WHEAT. U. S. IN WHEAT. Amer. Soc. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bul. AgrOll. Jour. !J: 231-247, 732, 8 pp., illus. illus. (17) --- AND CLARK, J. A. .(2G) 1\)18. EXPERIMENTSWITHDURUM 1918. THE :lIECHANICAI, FACTORS WHEAT. U. S. Dept. Agr. DETERMINING THE SHAPE Dept. Bul. G18, G4 pp., OF THE WHEAT KERNEl,. illus. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. 10: 205-209, illus. (18) --- AND CLARK, J. A. (27) BROEKEMA, L. I!) 18. NAMING WHEAT VARIETIES. 1899. DE DUIVENDAALTARWE EN Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. DE SPIJKTARWE NOGMAAI,S 10: 81HK MET SQUAREHEAD GEKRU- (19) --- AND LEIGHTY, C. E. 1ST. [NetherlandsJ Or­ 19IG. ALAS'KA AND STONER, OR gaan van der Ver. vall "MIRACLE" WHEATS: TWO Oud-Leerlingen der Rijks­ VARIETIES MUCH 1I1ISREP­ Landbouwschool No. 128, RESENTED. U. S. Dept. pp. 34-37, illus. Agr. Dept. Bu!. 357, 28 (28) BULLER, A. H. n. pp., illus. 1919. ESSAYS ON WHEAT. 339 (20) BARBACKI, S., LEWICKI, S., Mlc­ pp., illu~. New York. ZYNSKI, K., AND SLABONSKI, A. (29) BURBANK, L. 1937. PSZENICE POLSKIE (OPIS 1918. NEW STANDARD GRAINS. 3 ODMIAN Z KLUCZEM DO pp., illus. Santa Rosa, OZNACZANIA) [POLISH Calif. WHEATS * * *J. Bibljot. (30) BURNETT, L. C. Pulawska, Pan st. lnst. Nauk. Cosp, \Viejsk. Pu­ 1948. A NEW WINTER WHBAT lawach (Biblioth. lnst. FOR IOWA. Iowa Farm Nat!. Polon. ECOIl. Rurale Sci. 3 (3): 3, ilIus. Pulawy) No. 15, 163 pp., (31) BURNS, W. N. illus. 1919. HOW WlIEELER SELECT~m (21) BLEDSOE, R. P. RED ROBS [wheat). Nat!. Alfalfa Jour. 5 (6): 5, 1032. A NEW WHEAT FOR GEORGIA illus. WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR (32) CABELL, N. F. CULTURE. Ga. Expt. Sta. Bu!. 171, 1G pp., illus. 1859. EARLY IIlSTORY OF AGRI­ CULTURg IN VIRGINIA. 41 (22) BLOUNT, A. Eo pp. \Vashington, D. C. 1892. EXPERIMENTS WITH (33) CALDWELL, n. M., AND COMPTON, WHEAT. N. Mex. Agr. L. E. Expt. S,ta. Bul. 8, 25 pp. 1947. VIGO: A NEW DISEASE-RE­ (23) BONNETT, 0, T., \VOODWORTH, SISTANT WHEAT. Purdue C. M., DUNGAN, G. H., AND Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. KOEHLER, B. Bul. 521, 11 pp., illus. 1945. PRAIRIE: A NEW SOFT WIN­ TER WHEAT FOR ILLINOIS. (34) CALDWELL, W. H. Ill. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 1890. TESTS OF VARIETIES, 18&9. 513, pp. 595-600, illus. 1'a. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rpt. 1889, pt. 2, pp. 18-41, illus. (24) BORLAUG, N. E., RUPERT, J. A., AND HARRAR, J. G, (35) CARLETON, M. A. 1949. lNEW WHEATS FOR lIIEX­ 1900. TlIg BASIS FOR TIlE IM­ ICO.) [Mex.) Ofic. dc PROVEMENT OF AMgRICAN Estud. Esp. Sec. de Agr. WHEATS. U. S. Dept. y Ganaderia. Fo!. de Agr., Div. Veg. Physiol. Divulgacion No.5, 29 and Path. Bul. 24, 87 pp., illus. pp., illus. 2f.0303-54--11 160 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(36) CARLETON, M. A. (46) CLARK, J. A., LOVE, H. H., AND 1915. HARD WHEATS WINNING GATNF,S, K F. THEIR WAY. U. S. Dept. 1926. REGISTRATION O~' STAND­ Agr. Yearbook 1914: 391- ARD WHEAT VARIETIES. 420, illus. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. (37) 18: 920-922. 1916. TIlE SMALL GRAINS. 699 (~7) LOVE, H. R., AND PARKER, pp., illus. New York. J. n. (38) [CHILE] DEPARTMENT DE GENETICA 1926. REGISTRATION OF IM- FITOTECNICA. PROVED WHEAT VARIETIES. [1!:>41.] YARIEDADES DE TRIGOS Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. GENETICOS DEL MINIS­ 18: 922-935. TERIO DE MiRICULTURA. (48) l\TARTIN, J. fl., AND BALL, [Chile] Min. de Agr. Dept. C. R. de Genet. Fitotecnica. 16 1922. CLASSIFICATION OF AlIIERI­ pp., Santiago, Chile. mus. CAN WHEAT VARIETIES. (39) CLARK, G. E. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. [19lt).] CLARK'S BLACK HULL SEED Bul. 1074, 238 pp., ill us. WHEAT. [1] p. Sedgwick, Kans. (49) MARTIN, J. fl., QUISEN­ (40) BERRY, K. S., AND OTHEns. 19:36. CLARK'S BLACKHULL SEED 1929. DISTRIBUTION OF THE f'ARM. THREf] NEW BEARD­ CLASSgS AND V ARIgTIgS LESS WHEATS. 1 p. Sedg­ OF WHEAT IN THE UNITED wick, Kans. STATES. U. S. Dcpt. Agr. (ll) CLARK, J. A. Dept. Bul. 1498, 68 pp., 193D-50. REGISTRATION OF IM- iIIus. PROYED WHEAT YARIE­ (50) :MARTIN, J. R., AND SMITH, TIES, Y-XYIII. Amer. n. W. Soc. Agron. Jour. 22: 1920. VARIETAL EXPERIMENTS 10~1-1042, 1930; 23: WITH SPRING WHEAT ON 1010-1012, 1931; 24: 975-978,1932;27:71- THE NORTHERN GRI~AT PLAINS. U. S. Dept. 75, 1935; 28: 66-68, Agr. Dcpt. Bul. 878, 48 1017-1018, 1936; 2!): pp., iIIus. 1031-1032, 1937; 30: 1037-1042, 1938; 32: (51) PARKER, J. fl., AND 'V AL­ 72-75, 1940; 33: 255- DRON, L. R. 256, 1941; 35: 245- 1927-29. REGISTRATION 01' Il\I- 2~8, 1943; 36: 447- PROVED WHEAT V ARIE­ 452,1944;37:314-318, TIES, II-IV. Amer. Soc. 1945; 42: 408-409, Agron. Jour. 19: 1037- 1950. 1040, 1927; 20: 1318- (42) 1322, 1928; 21: 1172- 1936. REGISTRATION O~' STAND­ 1174, 1929. ARD WIlEAT VARII,TIES, II. (52) AND QUISENBERRY, K. S. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. 1933. DISTRIBUTION m' 1'111; VA­ 28: 64-65. RIETIES AND CLASSES OF AND BAYLES, B. (43) B. WHEAT IN THE UNITED H)35. CLASSIFICATION m' WHEAT STATES IN 1929. U. S. VARIETIES GROWN IN THE Dcpt. Agr. Cir. 283, 76 UNITED STATES. U. S. pp., illus. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 459, 164 pp., iIlus. (53) AND QUIRENBERRY, K. S. (44). --- AND BAYLES, B. B. 1937. DISTRIBUTION OF THE VARI- 1942. CLASSIFICATION m' WIIEAT ETIES AND CLASSES OF VARIETIES GROWN IN THE WHEAT IN THE UNITED UNITED STATES IN 1939. STATES IN 1934. U. S. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Dcpt. Agr. Cir. 424, 68 Bul. 795, 146 pp., ilills. pp., illus. (45) AND BAYLES, B. B. (54) AND QUISENBERRY, Ie S. 1951. DISTRIBUTION OF THE VA­ 19-12. DISTRIB UTION OF TIm VARI­ RIETIES AND CLASSES OF }]TIES AND CLASSES OF 'WHEAT IN THE UNITED WHEAT IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1949. U. S. STATgS IN 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 861, 71 Dept. Agr. Cir. 634, 75 pp., illus. pp., iIIUR. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 161

(55) CLARK J. A. AND QUISENBERRY, IL S. (65) CUTLER G. H. AND BRINSON, O. A. H)48. DISTRIBUTION OF TIlE VARI­ 1935. THE GRANUALTION OF ETIES AND CLASSES OF WHOLE WHEAT MEAL AND A WHEAT IN THE UNITED METHOD OF EXPRESSING STATES IN 1944. U. S: IT NUlIIER1-CALI.Y. Cereal Dept. Agr. Cir. 761, 80 Chem. 12: 120-129, iIlus. pp., iiJus. (6(\) DEMAREE, F. H. (56) STEPHENS, D. K, AND 1910. WHEAT GROWING IN MIS­ FLORELL, V. H. SOURI. Mo. Agr. Expt. 1920. AUSTRALIAN WHEAT VARI­ Stu. Cir. 43, pp. (i5-(\S, ETIES IN THE PACIFIC illus. COAST ARICA. U. S. Dept. (67) DESFONTAINES, R. Agr. Dept. BuL 877, 25 [1798] nORA ATLANTICA •.• t. pp., ill us. 1. Parisiis. (68) DEVOL, 'V. S. (57) COBB, N. A. 1887. REPORT OP' SUPERINTEND­ 1896. NOTES ON THE COLOUR 01' ENT OF FIELD EXPERI­ THE GRAIN IN DIFFERENT MENTS. EXPERIMENTS VARIETIES OF WHEAT. Agr. WITH WHEAT. Ohio Agr. Oaz. N. S. Wales 7: ExpL. Sta. Ann. Hpt. 517-520. (1886) 5: 11-64. (58) (69) 1901. THE CALIFORNIA WHEAT 1888. REPORT OF SUPERINTEND­ INDUSTRY. 'Vales N. S. ENT OF FIELD EXPERI­ Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. lIIENTS. EXPERIMENTS pp., ill us. 519, :32 WITH WHEAT. Ohio Agr. (59) Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. 1902. COlll'ARATIVE OBSERVA- (1887) (i: 11-99. TIONS ON THE BRUSH OF (70) [DINES, F. T.] ABOUT FIFTY VARIETIES OF 1\)48. KERNEL CHARACTERISTICS WHEAT. Agr. Oaz. N. S. OF HARD RED WINTER­ Wales 1:3: 647-649, illus. WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN (liO) 'IN THE SOUTHWEST. [24J 1905. UNIVERSAL NOMENCLA- pp., illus. 'rex-O-Kan TURE OF WHEAT. N. S. Flour Mills Co., Amarillo, Wales Dept. Agr. Misc. Tex. Pub. 5:39, 75 pp., iIIus. (71) DOWN, E. E., AND BROWN, H. M. (fll) COLLINS, E. H. 1932. BALD ROCK WHEAT. l\Iicb. Agr. Expt. Sta. Spec. Ell!. 1898. THE RED RUSSIAN WHEAT. 223, 19 pp., illus. Ind. Farmer 3:3 (:34): 7. (72) DUCELLIER, L. COLUMELLA, L. (62) J. M. 1920. LES BLES DU SAHARA. 56 1745. OF HUSBANDRY ... TRANSL. pp., illus. Alger. INTO ENGLISH WITH SEVER· (73) DUNN, H. D. AL ILLUSTRATIONS FROM 1867. CALIFORNIA-HER AGRI- PLINY, CATO, VARRO, PAL­ CULTURAL RESOURCES. U. LADn;s, AND OTHER AN­ S. Comrnr. Agr. Rpt. CIENT AND lIIODERN AU­ 1866: 581-610. THORS. [608) pp. Lon­ don. (74) ERIKSSON, J. 1895. BEITRAOE ZUR SYSTEMA- CRAWFORD, W. N. (63) TIK DES KULTIVIERTEN 1947. DESCRIPTION AND GEO­ WEIZEN. Landw. Vcrs. GRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Sta. 45: 37-1:35. OF THE MAJOR WHEAT (75) ETHERIDGE, W. C., and HELlII C. VARIETIES OF TilE PACIFIC A. NORTHWEST WHEAT AREA 1038. WHEAT IN MISSOURI. Mo. IN 1946. Pacific North­ Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. :398, west Crop Impr. Assoc. 41 pp., illus. Bul. 2, 45 pp., illus. (76) EVERITT, J. A. (64) CUTLIeR, O. H. [1899?] sow EVERITT'S IM­ 1942. FAIRFIELD WHEAT. Pur- PROVED SEED WHEAT due Univ. Agr. Expt. AND IMPROVE YOUR Sta. Cir. 276, 8 pp., CROPS. 16 pp. In- illus. dianapolis, Ind. 162 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(77) FLAKSBERGER, C. [A.] (87) GOUDY, ,Yo H. 1915. DETERMINATION OF 1856. [WHEAT: LETTER FROM WHEATS. Trudy Prik!. BUTEVILLE, MARION Bot. i Selek. (Bu!. App!. COUNTY, OREGON TERRI­ Bot.) 8: [9-210], illus. TORY.] U. S. Commr. [In Russian. English Patents Rpt. 1855: 196. summary, pp. [175]-209.] (88) GRAFIUS, J. E., AND DIRKS, V. A. (78) 1949. RUSHMORE SPRING WHEAT. 1935. WHEATS. [Leningrad] S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta. lnst. Zashch. Rast. Bu!. 394, 7 pp., illus. (Lenin Acad. Agr. Sci., (89) GRANTHAlI!, A. E. U. S. S. R., lnst. Plant 1918. WHEAT INVESTIGATIONS­ Protect.) l\'[onog. 1, [262] VARIETIES. De!. Agr. pp., illus. [In Russian.] Expt. Sta. Bu!. 121, 49 (79) pp., illus. 1935. [CE REALS .-WHEAT.] (90) GURNEY, H. C. In Flora of Cultivated 1932. A CLASSIFICATION OF Plants. Lenin Acad. Agr. SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WHEAT Sci. U. S. S. R., lnst. VARIETIES. SO. Austra!. Plant Indus. 434 pp., Dept. Agr. Jour. 35: 1178- illus. Moscow and Lenin­ 11 96, illus. grad. [In Russian.] (91) HACKEL, Eo (80) --- ANTROPOV, V. I., AND V. F., 1890. THE TRUE GRASSES. AND OTHERS. Trans!. from Die Natur­ 1939. KEY TU TRUE CEREALS, lichen Pflanzenfamilien bv WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY, F. Lamson-Scribner and OATS. People's Commis­ Effie A. Southworth. 228 ariat of Agriculture of the pp., illus. New York. U. S. S. Lenin Mem. R (92) HARMON, H. All-Union Acad. Agr. Sci. 1844. REPORT OF EXPERIMENTS lnst. Plant Cuit., [416] ON THE VARIETIES OF pp., illus. WHEAT CULTIVATED IN THE (81) FRASER, J. G. C. STATE OF NEW YORK. N. H)47. TWO NEW SPRING WHEATS. Y. State Agr. Soc. Trans. Sci. Agr. 27: 396. (1843) 3: 217-231. (82) FHEEMAN, G. F. 1918. PRODUCING BREADMAKING (9:3) HARMON, R, JR. WHEATS FOR WARM CLI­ 1847. WHEAT J

(99)lHEUZE, G. (Ill) HUME, A. N., CENTER, O. D., AND [1872.] LES PLANTES ALIMEN­ HEGNAUER, L. TAIRES. t.l. 576 pp. 1908. VARIETY TESTS OF WHEAT. Paris. Ill. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. (100) 121, pp. [70]-92, illus. 1896. LES PLANTES CEREALES. (112) HUNTER, B. Ed. 2, t. 1, illus. Paris. 1907. FARM PRACTICE IN THE (101) HEYNE, E. G., AND REITZ, L. P. . COLUMBIA BASIN UPLA:'oIDS. 1944. CHARACTERISTICS AND U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bul. 294, 30 pp., illus. ORIGIN 0]' BLACKHULI. WHEATS. Amer. Soc. (113) Agron. Jour. 36: 768- 1909. SELECTION OF WHEAT 778, illus. SEED. Northwest Hort. (102) HICKMAN, J. F. 22 (8): 178-179. 1889. REPORT OF THE AGRICUL­ (lH) JENSEN, N. F. TURIST: I. EXPERIMENTS 1951. CORNELL DEVELOPS NEW WITH WHEAT. Ohio Agr. WHEAT VARIETY. N. Y. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. State Agr. gxpt. Sta. (1888) 7: 20-58. Farm Res. 17 (3): 14, (103) illus. 1889. SEED WHEAT. Ohio Agr. (115) J ONARD, P. Expt. Sta. Cir. 3, pp. 1936. ESSAI DE CLASSIFICATION 3-5. [Reprint.] DES BLES TENDRES CU& (104) HILL, D. D. TIVES EN FRANCE. . . . [France] Min. de I' Agr. 1930. A CEREAL VARIETY SURVEY Centro Natl. Rech. Agron. OF OREGON. Oreg. Agr. Monog. 3, 264 pp., illus. Expt Sta. Cir. 97,16 pp., illus. (116) 1951. LES BLES TENDRES (TRITI­ (105) HOFFMAN, W. C. CUIII VULGARE VILL.) cur.­ 1853. THE ZIMMERMAN WHEAT. TIVES EN FRANCE. Country Gent. 1: 35. '[France] Min. de I' Agr. (106) HOROVITZ, N. Inst. Nat!. de la Rech. 1945. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIN­ Agron. 491 pp., illus. CIPAL AGRICULTURALVARI­ Paris. ETIER OF WHEAT CULTI­ (117) JONES, J. W. VATED IN THE REPUBLIC 1916. CEREAL EXPERIMENTS ON OF ARGENTINA. In Ar­ THE CHEYENNE EXPERI­ gentina Min. de Agr. MENT FARM, ARCHER, WYO. Pergamino Expt. Sta. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Pub. 20, pp. 19-138, illus. Bul. 430, 40 pp., illus. [In Spanish. English B. Rummary, p. 136.] (118) KALT, 1934. VARIEDADES DE TRIGOS (107) HOST, N. T. CULTIV ADAS EN CHILE. 1805, 1809. ICONES ET DESCRIP­ [Chile] Min. de Agr. Bo!. TIONES GRAl\IINUM AUS­ 3: [7]-42, illus. TRIACORUM. v. 3, v. 4, (119) KIHARA, H. illus. Vindobonae. 1919. UBER CYTOLOGISCHE (108) HOWARD, A., AND HOWARD, G. L. STUDIEN BEl EINIGEN C. GETREIDEARTEN. I. (SPE­ 1909. THE VARIETAL CHARACTERS ZIES-BASTARDE DES WEIZ­ OF INDIAN WHEATS. India ENS UND WEIZENROGGEN­ Dept. Agr. Mem., Bot. BASTARD.) Bot. Mag. Ser. 2 (7): 1-65. [Tokyo] 33: 17-38, illus. (109) --- AND HOWARD, G. L. C. (120) 1909. WHEAT IN INDIA ... 1921. UBER CYTOLOGISCHE STU­ 288 pp., illus. Calcutta. DIEN BEl EINIGEN GE­ TREIDEARTEN. III. UBER (110) HUDSON, P. S. DIE SCHWANKUNGEN DER 1933, 1934. ENGLISH WHEAT VA­ CHROMOSOMENZAHLEN BEl RIETIES. Ztschr. f. Zlicht. DEN SPEZIESBASTARDEN Reihe A, Pfianzenzlich­ DER TRITICUM-ARTEN. tung 18: [504]-525, illus.; Bot. Mag. [Tokyo] 31>' 19: [57]-108, illus. [19]-44, illus. 164 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(121) KIIIARA, H. (133) LEIGHTY, C. E. 1924. CYTOLOGISCHE UND GENE­ 1914. WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES TISCHE STUDIEN BEl WICH­ FOR THE EASTERN UNITED TIGEN GETREIDEARTEN MIT STATES. U. S. Dept. Agr. BESONDERER RUCKSICHT Farmers' Bu!. 616, 14 AUF DAS VERHALTEN DER pp., ilJus. CHRO!l[OSOMEN UND DIE (134) LINNAEI [LINNAEUS], C. STERILITAT IN DEN 1753. SPECIES PLANTARUM. t.1. BASTARDEN. Mem. Col. Holmiae. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. (135) Ser. B 1: 1-200, illus. 1762. SPECIES PLANTARUlIL Ed. (122) 2, t. 1. IHolmiae. 1934. A NEW FOURTH GENOM (136) LIPPINCOTT, J. S. IN WHEAT. Fifth Pacific 1863. GEOGRAPHY OF PLANTS Sci. Congo Proc., Canada . WITH REMARKS ON (1933) 4: 2573-2577. THE PRODUCTION OF NEW (123) KILLEBREW, J. B. VARIETIES OF WHEAT . . • 1877. WHEAT CULTURE IN TEN­ U. S. Commr. Agr. Rpt. NESSEE. 253 pp., ill us. 1863: 464-525. Nashville, Tenn. (137) LOVE, H. H., AND CRAIG, \V. T. (124) KLIPPART, J. H. 1946. BETTER WHEAT FOR NEW 1858. AN ESSAY ON THE ORIGIN, YORK. Cornell Univ. Agr. GROWTH, DISEASES, VARI­ Expt. Sta. Bu!. 828, 27 ETIES, ETC., OF THE WHEAT pp., ilJus. PLANT. Ohio State Bd. (138) McFADDEN, E. S. Agr. Ann. Rpt. (1857) 12: 1930. A SUCCESSFUL TRANSFER [562]-816, iIlus. OF EMMER CHARACTERS TO (125) KORNICKE, F. VULGARE WHEAT. Amer. 1873. SYSTEMATISCHE UEBER- Soc. Agron. Jour. 22: SICHT DER CEREALIEN UND 1020-1034. MONOCARPISCHEN LEGU­ (139) McMILLAN, J. R. A. MINOSEN IN AEHREN, RI­ 1933. VARIETIES OF WHEAT IN SPEN, FRUCHTEN UND SA­ AUSTRALIA. A CATALOGUE, MEN . [56] pp. Bonn. WITH PEDIGREE OR (126) AND \VERNER, H. SOURCE, AND A GENEA­ 1885. HANDBUCH DES GETREI­ LOGICAL CHAUT, SHOWING DEBAUES. 2 v. Berlin. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE (127) LAMARCK, C. DE. MORE IMPORTANT VARI­ 1778. FLORE FRANQOIsE. v. 3. ETIES. Austra!. Council Paris. Sci. and Indus. Res. Bu!. (128) LAlIIB, C. A. 72,28 pp. 1938. THORNE WHEAT. Ohio (140) MAUGINI, A. Agr. Expt. Sta. Spec. 1939. I CEREALI DELL' AFRICA Cir. 55, [4] pp., illus. ITALIANA: II. FRUMENTI (129) L~IDE, H. II., SCHLEHUBER, A. DELL' AFRICA ORIENTALE • M., AND OTHEUS. ITALIAN A STUDIATI SU MA­ 1952. PONCA WINTER WHEAT. TERIALI ORIGINAL!. Regia Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta. 1st. Agr. per L' Africa Bu!. 354 and Okla. Agr. Ita!. V. 17, [299] pp. iIlus. Expt. Sta. Bul. B-380, (141) METZGER, J. 14 pp., illus. [1824]. EUROPAEISCHE CEREA- (130) LAZENBY, W. R. LIEN. 74 pp., illus. 1885. WHEAT EXPERIMENTS. Mannheim. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. (142) Ann. Rpt. (1884) 3: 12-62. 1841. DIE GETREIDEARTEN UND (131) LEAP, J. S. WIESENGRASER IN BOTA­ 1918. ORIGIN OF LEAP'S PRO- NISCHER UND OKONOMI­ LIFIC WHEAT. South. SCHEU HINSICHT BEARBEI­ Planter 79(1): 44. TET. 256 pp. Heidelberg. (132) LEIDIGH, A. H., l\IANGELSDORF, P. [Not seen.] C., AND DUNKLE, P. B. (143) MIDDLETON, G. K., AND HEBERT, 1928. DENTON WHEAT, A NEW T. T. VARIETY FOR NORTH 1949. ATLAS WHEAT, STRAINS liO TEXAS. Tex. Agr. Expt. AND 66. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bu!. 388, 20 pp., Sta. Spec. Cir. 8, 8 pp., ilJus. iIIus. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 165

(144) MIEGE, E. (154) NORTHWEST CROP IMPROVEMENT 193{). LES PRINCIPALES VARIETES ASSOCIATION. DE BLES CULTIVEES AU 1933. DICTIONARY m' SPRING MAROC. [Morocco] Dir. WHEAT VARIETIES 1933. 74 Gen. de I' Agr. Com. et pp., illus. M~nneapolis. Colon., Servo Agr. et (155) Amelior. Agr., 38' pp., 1941. DICTIONARY OF SPRING illus. Casablanca. WHEAT VARIETIES 1941. 92 (145) MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERI­ pp., illus. Minneapolis. MENT STATION. (156) 1912. REPORT OF TIlE DIRECTOR 1949. DICTIONARY OF SPRING FOR TilE YEAR ENDING WHEAT VARIETIES 1949. 94 JUNE 30, lOll. Mo. Agr. pp., illus. Minneapolis. Expt. Sta. Bul. 101: 203- (157) P., M. F. . 236, illus. 1883. NEW VARIETIES OF WHEAT. (146) NEERGAARD, T. VON. [Letter.] Cult. and 1887. NORMALSYSTEM FOR BEDO­ Country Gent. 48 (1504): MANDE AF 'AXETS 1I!0RFO­ 657. LOGISKA SAMNIANSATTNING (158) l'APADAKIS, J. S. HOS VERA SADESSLAG. All. 1929. FORMES GRECQUES DE BLE. Svenska Utsiidesfor. Ar­ Min. Agr. Sta. de' Amelior. berattelse 1887: 37. [Not des PI antes [Salonique) seen.) Bul. Sci. [1), 61 pp., illus. (159) PARERA, M. F., AND PALAU, A. (147) NEETHLING, J. H. 1939. DIFERENCIACI6N DE LAS WHEAT VARIETIES IN 1932. V ARIEDADES DE TRIGO pOR SOUTH AFRICA, THEIR HIS­ SUS CARACTERfsTICAS DE TORY AND DEVELOPMENT GLUMA Y GRANO. Argen­ UNTIL 1912. So. Africa tina Comisi6n Nac. de Dept. Agr. Sci. Bul. 108, Granos y Elevadores PUb. 41 pp. 42, 198 pp., illus. (148) NELSON, M., AND OSBORN, L. W. (160) PATR6N, R. R. 1915. REPORT o~' CULTURAL AND 1940. IlESCRIPCI6N DE 35 VARIE­ VARIETY TESTS WITH DADES DE TRIGO DEL PAfs WHEAT. Ark. Agr. Expt. La Plata Univ. Sta. Bul. 121, [32) pp. Nac., Facultad de Agron. (149) NEWMAN, L. H. ltev. 24: [57)-233, illus. 1928. CI,ASSIFICATION OF CANA­ (161) PENNSYLVANIA AGRICULTURAL Ex­ DIAN SPRING WHEAT V A- PERIMENT STATION. RIETIES. Canad. Seed 1922. TWO YEARS OF RESEARCH Growers' Assoc. Plant VARIETY TESTS ANlJ Breeders' Ser. 1, 29 pp., IMPROVEMENT OF SMALu illus. GRAINS. Pa. Agr. Expt. (150) FRASER, J. G. C., AND Sta. Bul. 170,32 pp., illus. \YHITESIDE, A. G. O. ( 162) PERCIVAL, J. 1936. HANDBOOK OF CANADIAN 1\)2l. THE WHEAT PLANT; A SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES. MONOGRAPH. 463 pp., Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. illus. London. 538 (Farmers' Bul. 18), (163) PLUMB, C. S. 51 pp., illus. (Also rev. 1889. THE WHEATS O~' THE 1939, 54 pp., illus.; rev. WORLD. N. Y. State Agr. 1946, 57 pp., illus.) Soc. Trans. (1883-86) 34: (151) AND WHITESIDE, A. G. O. 308-314. 1927. GARNET WHEAT. Canada (164) POWERS, L. Dept. Agr. Bul. 83 (n. s.), 1932. CYTOLOGIC AND GENETIC 76 pp., illus. STUDIES OF VARIABILITY (152) NOLL, C. F. OF STRAINS OF WHEAT 1913. VARIETY TESTS m' WHEAT. DERlVI~1J FROM INTERSPE­ Pa. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. CU'IC CROSSES. Jour. Agr. 125, pp. 43-56, illus. Res. 44: 797-831, illus. (153) NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL (165) PRIDHAM, J. T. EXPERIMENT STATION. 1\)16. THE PROPORTION 01' GRAIN 1920. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. TO STRAW IN VARIETIES OF N. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta. WHEAT. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Bul. 136, 23 pp., ill us. Wales 27: 229-23l. 166 TECHi'

(166) PRIDHAM, J. T. (176) SAUNDICRS, C. E. 1927. oI[ARIETIES OF WHEAT IN 1912. REPORT OF THE DOMINION NEW SOUTH WALES. N. S. CEREALIST. Canada Expt. Wales Dept. Agr. Farm­ Farms Rpt. 1011-12: ers' Bu!. 158, 41 pp., iIlus. 113-137. (Hi7) REID, G. (177) SAX, K. 1866. SPRING WHEATS. U. S. H)21. CHROMOSOME RELATION- Commr. Agr. Rpt. 1865: SHIPS IN WHEAT. Science 27. (n. s.) 54: 413-415. (168) REITZ, L. P. (178) SCHAFER, E. G., AND GAINES, E. F. 1945. KERNEL CHARA CTERISTJ CS 1915. WASHINGTON WHEATS. OF KANSAS WINTER WHEAT Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta. VARIETIES. Kans. Agr. Bu!. 121, 16 pp., illus. Expt. Sta. Rpt. 2, 24 pp., (179) ---GAINES, E. F., AND BARBEE, illus. O. E. (169) -_- AND LAUDE, H. H. 11)26. WHEAT VARIETIES IN H)43. COMANCHE AND PAWNEE: WASHINGTON. Wash. Agr. NEW VARIETIES OF HARD Expt. Sta. Bul. 207, 31 RED WINTER WHEAT FOR pp., illus. KANSAS. Kans. Agr. (180) SCHERFFIUS, 'V. H., AND 'VOOSLEY, Expt. Sta. Bu!. 319, 16 H. pp., ilJus. 1908. W II EAT. I. T EST 0 F (170) --- AND 'VEDSTER, O. J. VARIETIES. 2. CHEMICAL 1952. FOUR NEW FALL GRAINS STUDY OF VARIETIES. Ky. FOR NEBRASKA. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bu!. 135, Agr. Expt. Sta. Quart. pp. 325-340, illus. 1 (1): 6-7, 16, illus. (171) RICHARDSON, A. E. V. (181) SCHLEHUBER, A. 1\1., HUBBARD, 1912-13. WHEAT AND ITS CULTIVA­ V. C., OSBORN, W. 1\1., AND TION. Victoria Dept. Agr. OTHERS. Jour. 10:91-101, 181-191, 1946. WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES 201-208, 265-274, 329-. FOR OKLAHOMA. Okla. 338, 457-465, 543-552, Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. B- 694-707, 1012; 11: 38-56, 297, 36 pp., illus. 65-83, 129-141, 193-205, (182) SCHIIANK, F. VON P. 414-431, illus, 1913. [Re­ 1789. BAIERSCHE FLORA. V. 1, printed as Victoria Dept. 753 pp., iUus. Miinchen. Agr. Bu!. 22 (n. s.), 160 (183) Scm'IELD, C. S. pp., iJIus. 1913.J 1902. TH!!; ALGBRIAN DUR Ullf (172) ROBERTS, H. F. WHEATS: A CLASSIFIED 1910. A QUANTITATIVE METHOD LIST, WITH DESCRIPTIONS. FOR THE DETERMINATION U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. OF HARDNESS IN WHEAT. Plant Indus. Bul. 7, 48 Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta. pp., iUus. Bu!. 167, pp. 371-300, (184) illus. 1903. THE DESCRIPTION OF (173) RUFnN, E. WHEAT VAIIIETIES. U. S. 185l. MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant HARVEST. Amer. Farmer Indus. Bu!. 47, 18 pp., 6 (12): 453-460. [Re­ illus. printed in U. S. Commr. Patents Rpt. 1850 (pt. (185) SCOTT, R. C. 2, Agr.): 102-113.J 1932. WHEAT VARIETIES IN (174) SAKAMURA, T. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. SO. 1918. KURZE MITTEILUNG "tiBER Austral. Dept. Agr. Bul. DIE CHROllfOSOMENZAHLEN 272, 11 pp. UNO DIE VERWANDTSCH- (186) SEARLE GRAIN COMPANY, LIMITED. AFTSVERHALTNISSE DER 1049. DISTRIBUTION OF THE IM­ TRITICUM-ARTEN. Bot. PORTANT VAIIIETIES OF Mag. [TokyoJ 32: [150J- WHEAT SEEDED IN WEST­ 153. ERN CANADA IN 1949. In (175) SALMON, S. C. Grain Market Features 1919. ESTABLISHING KANRED with Wheat Varieties Sup. WHEAT IN KANSAS. Kans. v. 19, No. 24 [6J pp., Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 74, illus. 'Winnipeg, Mani­ 16 pp., ilhls. toba. CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 167

(187)~SERINGE, N. C. (198) STEWART, G. 1818. UONOGRAPHIE DES CERE­ 1920. A VARIETY SURVEY AND ALES DE LA SUISSE. In DESCRIPTIVE KEY OF SMALL his Melanges Botaniques, GRAINS IN UTAH. Utah au Recueil d'Observations, Agr. Expt. Sta. Bnl. 174, Memoires, et Notices sur 35 pp., illU

(227) \VIANCKO, A. T. Where two or more page numbers 1923. MICHIKOFF WHEAT, A HARD RED WINTER WHEAT FOR are given, therefore, the name is a INDIANA. Purdue Univ. synonym of more than one variety. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 112, 4 pp., illus. Name .; Page (228) \VILLIAMS, C. G. Acme______145 1905. EXPERIMENTS WITH WIN­ Alabama Bluestem______76 TER WHEAT. Ohio Agr.· Alabama Bluestem 89______73 Expt. Sta. Bul. 165, pp. Alberta Red______127 37-65, illus. AtBlT ______147,150 (229) ALICEL ______, 147, 148 1916. WHEAT EXPERIMENTS. American Banner______95 Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. American Bronze ______69 298, pp. 447-484, illus. ANDERSON ______46,103 (230) APACHK ______47,121 1920. THE GLADDEN AND OTHER APEX ______45,90 VARIETIES. OF WHEAT. Argentine______127 Ohio Farmer 146(6): 3. ARNAUTKA ______152,156 (231) WOODWARD, R. \V., AND TINGEY, ASHLAND ______44,73 D. C. ATLAS 50 ______44, 76 [1944.1 CACHE, A BEARDLESS, ATLAS 66______44, 74 SMUT-RESISTANT WINTER AUSTIN ______50, 145 WHEAT. Utah Agr. Expt. Australian______59 Sta. Bul. 312, 10 pp., AWNED ONAS______46,108 illus. BAART ______47, llO (232) ZA VITZ, C. A. BAART 38 ______47,110 1894. EXPERIMENTS WITH WIN­ BAART 46 ______47,110 TER WHEAT. Ontario Agr. BALDROCK ______46,99 Col. Expt. Sta. Bul. 97, Baldwin______143 15 pp., illus. Bartels Best______144 (233) ZHUKOVSKY, P. M. Bearded Bluestem______114 1928. A NEW SPECIES OF WHEAT. Beardless Turkqy ______79, 82 Trudy Prikl. Bot., Genet., Beechwood ______101,103 i Selek. (Bul. App!. Bot., Beloturka______157 Genet., and Plant Breed­ BIG CLUB 43 ______147,150 ing) 19(2); [591-66, illus. Bishop's Pride______52 [In Russian. English Black-Bearded Durum______154 summary, pp. 65-66.1 Black Chaff______132 (234) BLACKHAWK ______47, 111 1933. LA TURQUIE AGRICOLE BLACKHULL ______48,132 (PARTIE ASIATIQUE-ANA­ Black l\Iediterranean______141 TOLLE). Pp. 155-224, iIlus. Black Sea______69 Moscow and Leningrad. BLUE JACKET ______48,132 [In Russian. French sum­ llluestem ______59,72,76,145 mary, pp. 800-820.1 Bluestem Fultz______72 BREVOR ______42, 52 BRILL ______49,143 INDEX TO VARIETIES AND Bronze Turkey______144 SYNONYMS Bulgarian ______72,127 BUNyIP ______42,57 Burbank's Quality ______60 Recognized varietics are In cap­ Burbank's Super______106 itals; varietal synonyms are III BUTLER ______47,115 capitals and lower case, and com­ CACHE ______44,80 mon names of species llre in italic CADET ______45,90 Canadian Progress______115 capitals. Of the two page refer­ CANUS ______49,135 ences given for recognized varieties, CARALA ______44,73 the first refers to the key and the CARLEEDS ______45,86 second to the description, history, CARLETON ______152,155 CASCADE ______42,57 distribution, and synonymy. Each CERES ______49,135 page reference given for a synonym CHANCELLOR ______44,76 is to the recognized variety for CHEyENNE ______48,124, which the name is a synonym. CHIEFKAN ______44,80 170 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEfT. OF AGRICULTURE

Name Page Name Page (hiefton______81 Fortyfold______97 CLARKAN ______. ______43,67 FORWARD ______43,69 Clark's Black HuIL ______• 132 FULCASTER ______'17, 114 ('lark's No. 40______67 FULHIO ______44, 70 CleathE'r~ Red______144 FUL TZ ______44, 70 CLUB lVHEAT______146 FULTZO-MEDITERRANEAN__ 44,73 COMiTAL ______44,77 GALGALOS ______46,106 COKER 47-27 ______44,74 GARNET ______45, 82 Columbia______73 GASTA ______44,76 COMANCHE ______47,120 GENESEE ______4S,9S COMET ______45,84 Georgia Bluestem______76 COM.1WN TVHEAT______40 Georgia Red______76 ('onoway ______144 German Amber.______113 COR~ELL 595 ______45,!H German Red ______70 Crail Fife______106 Gharnovka______158 Crimean______127 Gill______9!J Cumberland Vallcy______114 GIPSY ______47,111 Cu III rni ngs ______143 GLADDEN ______47,111 ('{TRRELL______46, 99 Glea~on______52 ('urrell's Prolific ______- 09 GOENS~ ______49,141 D-5 ______154 Going______143 D-fi~ ______154 GOLDCOIN ______45,95 Dane's Early Triumph______117 GOLDEN ______4S,97 D.\\\80N ______45,95 Golden Bronze ______95 Daw~on Golden Chaff______95 Golden Chaff ______.. ______95,99 DEFIANCE ______42,53 Golden Van______69 De IllX(' Red Chief. ______106 Goosc______158 DENTON ______50,144 GreeIlHboro______S2 DI('1\LOW ______42, S9 GREESON ______42,52 DIetz ______114 Haeberle ______118 Dietz Longberry ______114 Haeberle's Early______118 Duffy______114 HalL ______~ _ 143 Dunbar______99 HARD FEDERATION ______45,98 Dunlap______143 HARD FEDERATION 3L ____ 4S,98 Durtl'n No. 5______154 HARD IRED ______74 DUller}... I TVHEAT______151 Ha~Lings Prolific______64 F.J.rly Baart______110 Harvcst King ______101 K\RLY BLACKHULL ______47,117 HARVEST QUEEN ______43,6!J Early Dain ~ ______117 Hedge Prolific______101 Early Hardy______118 HENRY ______49,136 Early Kan:- ______118 Hickman______72 Early ;\lay ______64,77,101 Holland ______53 Early Premium______117 HOPE ______49,136 r· \IlLY PREMIUM ______43,64 H undred-and-Onc______127 Early Purplestraw ______76 Hundred Mark______101 harly Red ______~ ______.____ 143 H llngarian______127 Early Rice______64 H USTO N ______44, 77 Early Ripe______143 Hybred______143 Early Russian______118 HYBRID 63 ______147,150 Early Triumph______82, 117 HYBRID 128 ______147,149 Farly Wonder. ______77 HYMAR ______147,149 ElNKORN______40 IDAED ______42, 53 ELGIN ______147,149 Improved Turkey______127 ELMAR ______147,149 Indiana Red \Vave______99 KU}\IER______37 Indiana Swamp______113 FAIRFIELD ______43,67 IOBRED ______49, 143 Farmers Trust______145 IOHARDL ______. ______49,143 FEDEUATION ______4S,97 IOTURK ______48,130 FEDERATION 4L ______4.5,98 Iowa Bred______143 Fi~______106 IOWIN ______48,132 Fishhead ______106 Ironclad BlackhuIL______144 Flat Top______73 Irwin Dicklow______60 FLINT ______44, 77 JENKIN ______147,151 FLORENCE. ______43,60 Jim Holly______60 CLASSIFICATION OF WHIDAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 171

Name Page Name Puge Johnson______158 l\IOSIDA______. ______44,80 JONES FIFE ______46,106 Mountain Purplestraw ______76 Jones Longberry ______, __ _ 103 NAllOB ______41l,140 Jones Red Wave______99 N. D. Ns. No. 1656.84.______135 Jones Winter Fife ___ . ______106 Nebraska No. 50 ______-':______124 Junior No. 6______\)7 NEBRASKA NO. 60 ______48,128 Kanhull______81 NEBRED ______48,128 KANQUEEN______43,64 NEWCASTER ______47,113 Kanred______131 NewchieL ______81 KANRED ______48,130 New Columbia______73 Kansas Queen______69 NEWTHATCH ______45,86 KARMONT ______48, 127 NEWTURK ______44,79 KAWVALK ______47,113 New Victory ______53 KENTANA ______50,146 Niagara ______111,113 Key's Prolific______145 Nicaragua______158 Kharkof______127 Nick SpeciaL______144 King ______---- ___ 114 NIGGER ______49,140 KIOW A ______47, 122 Ninety-Day ______77,108 KITCHENEIL ______45,94 Nissley ______101 Klondike______97 NITTANY ______47,115 KOMAR ______49,136 No. 1656______135 KUllANKA ______152,156 Nordhougell ______87,11.5 Ladd Durum______154 NUDEL ______47,115 Lancaster______114 NUGGET ______152,154 Lancaster Red______145 Number 6100______111 LEAP ______43, 64 NURED ______44,70 LEAPLAND ______43,64 Ohio No. 127______72 Leap's Prolific______64 ONAS ______42,55 Lebanon______111 ON AS 41. ______42, 55 LEE ______49,140 Orange______103 Lehigh ______145 Oregon Red Chaff ______151 LEl\IHL ______42, 55 OREGON ZIl\!MERMAN ______42,55 Little May ______64, 77 ORFED ______46,108 Little HeeL ______77 ORIENTA ______48,133 Little Red May______77 Owen ______143 LOFTHOUSE ______43,66 P-762______131 MAJOR ______42,59 PACIFIC llLUESTEM ______42,57 MalakoL ______127 PACIFIC BLUESTEM 37 ______42,59 MAMMOTH RED ______47,114 Palouse Bluestem______5!J MARFED ______42,-57 PAWNEE ______47,118 MAR MIN ______48, 122 Pearl Prolific ______99 lHAHQUILLO ______45,86 Peck______114 MARQUIS ______45,87 PELISS ______152, 154 ~rarvelous______114 Pelissier ______154 May ______64,77,103 Penn. No. 44______115 ~Iay Queen______69 PENNOLL______43, 69 MEDITERRANEAN ______50,144 PENTAD______152 l\Iichigan Amber. _____ c______103 Pererodka______157 Michigan Wonder______103 PerfectioIl______99 MICHIKOF ______44,80 P~rson______158 MIDA ______41l,138 PILCRA W ______. __ 43, 60 MilleL______145 Pilcraw EIlormous ______. 62 l\lINDUM ______152,158 PILOT ______-H\,136 Minnesota No. 1507______123 Pioneer Turkey______127 Minnesota No. 2202______86 POLISH TVHEAT______40 Minnesota Reliable ______127 PONCA ______47,118 MINTER ______48,123 POOLE ______46,101 l\IINTURIU ______. 48,123 P08ey______72 i\liracle______114 Poso 44 ______150 Missouri Bluestem______145 POSO 48______147, 150 l\lissouri Early Premiu-n______64 POULARD TVHEAT______37 i\IOKING ______46,99 PRAIRIE ______41l, 143 Montana DeaL______70 PREMIER ______49,140 l\IONTANA NO. 36 ______48,128 Premium______117 Mortgage Lifter. ______101, 145 Pringle's Defiance______53 172 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1083, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Name Page Name Page PROGRESS ______47,115 Rupp______144 Prolific______99 RUSHMORE ______, 45,90 Prosper ______.______115 Russian______127 PROSPERITY______43,69 Russian Amber______113 PURCAM ______46,101 Russian Red ______108 PURDUE NO. L ______46,99 RUSSIAN RED ______46,101 Purdue No. 4______103 SALINE ______47, III PURKOF ______44,79 Sanett______77 FPRPLESTRAW ______44,76 SANFORD ______44,76 Quality______60 SAUNDERS ______45,92 QUANAH ______47,121 SEABREEZE ______44,79 Queen Wilhelmina______53 Selection C______79 ItAMONA 44______45,98 SENECA______46, 103 Rappahannock______77 SEVIER ______49,141 Red Amber ______101,103 Shelby Red Chaff______143 ItED BOBS ______45,82 SHERMAN ______48,130 ItEDCHAFF ______147,151 SIBLEY 81. ______48,131 Red Chaff ______101,108,143,144,145 Sil ver King ______106 Red Chaff Bearded______143 SIOUX.. ______48,128 Red Chaff Club______151 Slickhead______72 RED CHIEF ______46,103 Smutless______79 Red Cross______69 Snow______72 Red Durum______154 SONORA ______46,108 Ited Fultz______101 SPELT______37 R(:'d GilL ______99 SPINKCOTA ______49,133 Red Hall______143 Squarehead______70 REDHART ______44,73 Square Head______73 REDHULL ______49,144 STAFFORD ______.47, 133 ItED INDIAN ______47,113 Standby______145 ItED JACKET ______49,144 STEWART ______152,155 Ited King______101 Stoner______114 REDMAN ______45,82 STURGEON ______49,133 Red May ______64,77 Super______106 ItED MAY ______46,101 Superhard______132 Red Mediterranean______145 Superhard BlackhulL ______132 Red Prolific ______- ______99 Su perred ______106 Ited Republic______103 Super Red ChieL______106 RED ROCK ______50,145 SUPREME ______45,82 Red Rudy______143 SUPREMO ______50,146 Red RusseIL______101 Swamp______145 Red Russian ______'____ 127,143 Taganrog______157 RED RUSSIAN ______43,70 Taruanian______127 Red Sea______145 TAYLOR ______44,73 l~ed Top ______" ______145 TENMARQ ______48,130 Red Walla______70 Tennessee Prolific______99 RED WAVE ______46,99 THATCHER ______45,84 Red Wonder______114 Theiss______127 REGENT ______45,92 Thompsol1______62 Reliable ______111 Thompson Club______62 RELIANT ______,______48,128 THORNE ______46,103 RELIEF ______48, 123 TIMOPHEEVL______40 RENOWN ______45,92 T. N, 1006______105 REQUA ______49,141 TRIPLET ______46, 106 RESCUE ______45,82 TRIUMPH ______47,117 REWARD ______46,106 TRUMBULL. ______44,70 REX ______45,94 TURKEY ______48,126 RICE ______43,60 Turkey Hybrid______151 RID IT-______44, 79 Turkey Red______127 RINK ______42,53 Turkish Red______127 RIO . ______48, 128 Ulta______127 Ripley______76 UTAC ______147,151 RIVAL ______49,138 UTAH KANRED ______48,131 Romanella______127 VAHART ______43,64 ROYAL ______47,111 VALLEY. ______47,113 RUDY ______- 49,140 V ALPH.IZE ______43, 70 CLASSIFICATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 1949 173

Name Page Name Page Velvet Ch_alf ______106,108 WHITE WINTER ______42, 52 VERNUM ______152,154 WICHITA ______47,117 VESTA ______49,135 Wild Goose ______158 Victory ______53 WILHELMINA ______--- ___ 42,53 VIGO ______43,66 Winter Fife ______'= ______106 V. P. 1. 13L ______------47,115 Winter King ______101, 114, 140 WABASH ______43, 66 Winter La Salle ______66 WASATCH ______48,124 Winter Nellis______66 WESTAR ______47,117 Winter Queen______69 White Australian ______59 WISCONSIN PEDIGREE NO. 2_ 48,131 White Clawson______97 Wold's White Winter______52 WHITE FEDERATION ______43,60 Woods Prolific______64 WHITE FEDERATION 38 _____ 43,60 Yellow Gharnovka______157 White Holland______53 YOGO ______48, 122 White Lammas______59 YORKWIN ______42,50 White Russian______62 Zimmerman______59 White Sonora______108 Zuni______127

U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OffiCE: 1954